U.S. History EOCT test

Unit 3 Preparation

SSUSH 6

6aExplain the Northwest Ordinance’s importance in the westward migration of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states.

Essential Questions1. How did the Northwest Territory impact

westward migration of Americans?2. How did the Northwest Territory impact

slavery?3. How did the Northwest Territory impact

Public Education?4. How did the Northwest Territory impact

the addition of new states?

Essential Question

1.How did the Northwest Territory impact westward migration of Americans?

Northwest Territory• States fought over

this land area for ownership.

• Gave land claims to the U.S. government.

• Congress passes 2 laws to control development and settlement.

Land Ordinance of 1785• Establishes definite

boundary lines so there would be no confusion over land ownership.• Surveyed the land

to sale to citizens to populate.

Cheap Affordable Land• Answer to essential question:Since the land was divided and sold

cheaply – for $1, citizens in the United States could afford the land. They moved (migrated) in to the territory after buying the land and settled communities.

Essential Question

3. How did the Northwest Territory impact public education?

Public Education• One Township was

sold off to finance and support public education.• Townships

encouraged to establish public schools.

Financing Public Education

•Answer to essential question #3:

One section was sold to finance public education.

Essential Question

4. How did the Northwest Territory impact the addition of new states?

Northwest Ordinance of 1787• Established process

that territories could use to become a state.

1. Set up temp gov’t.2. 5,000 people elect

rep. to legislature.3. 60,000 could apply

for statehood.

Process (Steps) to be added as a State• Answer to essential question #4:Territories that wanted to be added as a

state had to follow the steps outlined in the Northwest Ordinance. As new territories (such as Missouri, Maine, Oregon, and California) wanted to be added they had to get the population, adopt a constitution, and elect representative, etc.

Essential Question

2. How did the Northwest Territory impact slavery?

Northwest Ordinance effect on Slavery

•Outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory.• Settlers guaranteed freedom

of Religion, freedom of speech, and other rights.

Northwest Ordinance effect on Slavery

Answer to Essential Question # 2:• Outlawed slavery in the Northwest

Territory.• Settlers guaranteed freedom of

Religion, freedom of speech, and other rights.

6b•Describe Jefferson’s diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France and the territory’s exploration by Lewis and Clarke.

Thomas JeffersonWanted to buy

Access to MississippiRiver (New Orleans)

Jefferson’s conflict• Thomas Jefferson really wanted to buy the

Louisiana Purchase but….• He had argued a Strict interpretation of the

U.S. Constitution as a philosophy.• This just meant that the U.S. Constitution’s

language did not expressly say that he, as president, could purchase property.

• The opportunity to buy challenged his strict constructionist viewpoint.

:

Strict Constructionist

Definition Characteristics

Examples Non-Examples

A political opinion that an individual should interpret (understand) the Constitution for what is actually stated.

Mr. Howell says that you can’tGo the snack machine during instructionTime.You argue to Mr. Howell that the Teacher was not teaching at the time that you visited the snack machine.

Reading between the lines.Accepting implied reasoning for phrases and clauses.

Literal interpretation of words by what is actually written.

Face value of words actually written.

Broad Constructionist

“Elastic Clause” Necessary & Proper Clause

Jefferson Submits and Buys• Thomas Jefferson purchased the

territory because he believed it would benefit all Americans despite his personal interpretation of the U.S. Constitution.• The land purchase doubles the land area

of the United States.• He paid $15 million.

Thomas Jefferson• President that purchased the Louisiana

Territory from France• Increased U.S. size two times Larger• Mississippi to Rocky Mountains

--- Purchased from Napoleon

Lewis & Clarke Expedition• Corps of discovery• initiated by Thomas Jefferson• 16-month expedition• charted the trails west, mapped

rivers and mountain ranges, • collected samples of unfamiliar

animals and plants,• and recorded facts and figures

about the various Native American tribes west of the Mississippi River

6c•Explain the major reasons for the War of 1812 and the war’s significance on the development of a national Identity.

British trade restrictions between U.S. & France;

seized Neutral commercial vessels

British Policy of Impressment

Inciting Native Americans and Arming them to stop American

expansion

British in Ohio River Valley & would not leave; Americans wanted Canada

Causes War of 1812

History

Tensions Existed after the

Revolutionary War

Interruption of Trade• Great Britain blockades ships out of

the sea area in the Atlantic entering near France.• Neutral vessels had to report To

British Ports to get a license to trade in Europe.• This Disrupted American Trade.• Americans were angry.

Impressment• The British would capture American

Commercial ships that did not report to British ports and get a license.• As Punishment – Americans were

Conscripted “forced against their will” into the British Navy.• This is called IMPRESSMENT

British in Ohio River Valley• The British still occupied the territory

considered to belong to the Americans around the Northwest Territory, or Ohio River Valley.• The British refused to leave this area and

attempted have an influence there.• Many believed the British were inciting the

Native Americans to attack American property and citizens.

Manifest Destiny• Competition in the Fur Trade.

• Manifest Destiny (Expansionist sentiment by War hawks).

• Some Members of Congress called War Hawks were driven by expansionist ideas and manifest Destiny and declared war in order to get new lands for the U.S.

War of 1812

British Impressment

British in Northwest Territory

British Inciting (Arming) Native

Americans

British Interrupting U.S. Trade

with Europe

Competition in the Fur TradeManifest

Destiny

Commodore William Bainbridge

Commodore Stephen Decatur

Treaty of Ghent

Ends the War of 1812

Battle of New Orleans• Fought after the

Treaty of Ghent and the official end of the War of 1812

• General Andrew Jackson and his troops defeat the British at New Orleans

Results of War of 1812• Andrew Jackson becomes

national hero for winning Battle of New Orleans.• Americans experience an

increased feeling of national Pride. Refer to themselves as “Americans”

National Identity• All Across the United States

citizens were proud that the country was strong enough to defeat the British army and Navy once More.

•PROUD TO BE AMERICAN!

6dDescribe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the development of the nation’s infrastructure.

Essential Question

1.Why was the Erie Canal Built?

American System• Henry Clay• Goal was to unite the Nation1. Protective Tariff to protect N.E.

manufactures2. 2nd Bank of the U.S. to issue a National

Currency3. Internal improvements / roads and bridges

built to connect the Nation / Erie Canal connecting Great lakes to Hudson River

Essential Question

2. What was the significance of the construction of the Erie Canal?

Erie Canal• Canal that connects

the Great lakes with the Atlantic Ocean and Buffalo with Albany, NY.• This was the most

spectacular engineering project of the young U.S.

Importance of Erie Canal• Canal connected east to west U.S. and

provided faster route westward.• New York rises to become the major

entrance point to the United States.• The Hudson River was used to connect to

the Erie Canal.• New immigrants could find their way to the

frontier by way of the River and the Canal.

Essential Question

3. How did New York City rise after the building of the Erie Canal?

Importance of Erie Canal• Canal connected east to west U.S. and

provided faster route westward.• New York rises to become the major

entrance point to the United States.• The Hudson River was used to connect to

the Erie Canal.• New immigrants could find their way to

the frontier by way of the River and the Canal.

Major Economic & Trade Point

• Because goods going to the west from Europe had to pass through New York City many financial matters took place there.• Any goods coming from the west

going to Europe had to come through New York City as well.

New York CityBecame Great Economic

Center

Center of Trade between Europe & Western U.S.

Banking & Commercial Activities

Essential Question

4. How did the building of the Erie Canal improve the nation’s infrastructure?

Goods & People Move West• The Erie Canal

joined the East coast of the U.S. (Atlantic Ocean) to the Great Lakes region.• Allowed goods

and people to travel west easier.

• Mississippi River Basin /

WestConnect

s

•Erie Canal

Connects •Atlanti

c Ocean Connect

s

Continuous water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes.

Immigrants Enter at Ellis Island

New York City

New York become a bustling City

6eDescribe the reasons for and the importance of the Monroe Doctrine.

“Era of Good Feelings”• After war of 1812, nationalism growing,

one political party in power – Republican.

President James Monroe

Monroe Doctrine - 1823a U.S. doctrine which proclaimed that European powers should no longer Colonize or interfere with the affairs of the nations of the Americas.

Warned Europe to stay out of Western

Hemisphere

Western Hemisphere

SSUSH 7

7a Explain the impact of the Industrial Revolution as seen in Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin and his development of interchangeable parts for muskets.

Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution• A time when

advances in technology led to massive economic changes.• Factories using

mechanization increase. • Transform

Manufacturing

Eli Whitney - Muskets• Interchangeable Parts• Increased and improved

Northern Manufacturing• Started making more

Muskets.• More factories used the

idea of interchangeable parts to increase technology of products.

Eli Whitney• Cotton Gin• Increased need for

slaves in the South• Increased production of

cotton in the south.

SectionalismEli Whitney contributed to the economic splitting of the United States in two sections of the country.

North• One based on

Manufacturing• Supported

Tariffs• Opposed

spread of Slavery west

South• Based on

agriculture.• Based on Institution

of Slavery.• Opposed Tariffs.• Supported spread of

slavery west.

SectionalismNorth

• Manufacturing• Wanted Tariffs • Opposed Slavery• Stop spread of

slavery to western states

South• Agriculture• Opposed Tariffs• Protected Slavery• Spread slavery to

western states

Manufacturing Abolition

Stop Spread of Slavery

Spread Slavery

Protect Slavery

Agriculture

Sectionalism

7bDescribe the westward growth of the United States; include the emerging concept of Manifest Destiny.

Manifest Destiny• Belief God

was on the side of U.S. expansion from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

Atlas Online

http://www.animatedatlas.com/movie.html

Westward Expansion

Texas• Tejas – a territory in Mexico populated by

Americans when Moses Austin was granted permission to establish a colony there.• Stephen Austin – Moses’ son establishes

Tejas.• Citizens of Tejas feel unfairly taxed and

managed by Mexican President Santa Ana• Declare their Independence.

Texas War for Independence• Battle of the Alamo- 13

day seige • Feb. 23-Mar. 6, 1836• Mexicans under Santa

Ana defeat Texans.• 100 Texans v. 1500

Mexican troops.• All Texans die; 400

Mexicans• “Remember the Alamo”

Texans Win- “Lone Star Republic”• Texans beat Santa

Ana at the Battle of San Jacinto.

• Led by Sam Houston.• Force Santa Ana to

recognize Independence.

• Texas became an Independent Republic. 1836-1845

Texas AnnexedThen War With Mexico

Border Dispute• Texas annexed in 1845• U.S. says Mexico’s northern border is Rio

Grande River.• Mexico says Mexico’s northern border is

Nueces River. • Mexican American War begins over the

border of Texas.• James K. Polk was President

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo• Mexico cedes

what later becomes California, Nevada, Utah, part of New Mexico, part of Arizona.

Gadsden Purchase• 1853 - U.S. Pays

Mexico $15 Million for the dark gray area which is southern Arizona and southern New Mexico.• Settles the southern

border of the U.S.

Oregon Territory

Joint Occupation of Oregon• 1842 thousands of United

States settlers moved to Oregon seeking a better life.

• Oregon Trail.• James K. Polk argued to

Great Britain U.S. owned up to 54 degrees 40 minutes line of latitude.

Oregon Trail

54° 40' or Fight• Many Americans

advocated (supported) war against Great Britain to get control of the Oregon Territory.

• Slogan became James K. Polk’s campaign slogan. – He Won!

Manifest Destiny CompleteBy 1853

7cDescribe the reform movements, specifically temperance, abolitionism, and public school.

:

REFORM

Definition Characteristics

Examples Non-Examples

To Change, ImproveReform Movements: Organized attempts to improve problems in society

ImproveModifyChange Alter

To Make More Democratic

Horace Mann-Public Education reform

To create tax funded public schoolsRaise teacher pay, extend school year

Slave Masters keeping the Status

quo

Temperance MovementMovement led by women to end the consumption of Alcohol.

Public SchoolsLeader: Horace MannPurpose: • Tax funded public

School• Raise Teacher Pay• Extend School year

:

Abolitionist

Definition Characteristics

Examples Non-Examples

A person who wishes to put an end to or eliminate Slavery.

Abolitionist movement: organized effort by a group of people to end slavery

Stop SlaveryPut and end to slaveryDo away with slaveryEliminate slaveryGet rid of slavery

To enslaveBindYokeshackle

William Loyd Garrisonwhite abolitionist leader and publisher of The Liberator

Frederick Douglas—former slave and publisher of The North Star

Frederick Douglas• Former urban slave who escaped.• Famous abolitionist and owner of the

newspaper called “North Star”

William Lloyd Garrison• White Abolitionist• Publisher of the Newspaper,• “The Liberator”

Sarah & Angelina Grimke• Parents owned

slaves• Grew up on a

plantation• Abolitionist • Spoke out

against slavery.

7dExplain women’s efforts to gain suffrage; include Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Seneca Falls Conference.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton• Led the early

women’s suffrage (right to vote) movement.

• Organized the Seneca Falls Convention where women won the right to vote by a narrow margin.

:

Suffrage

Definition Characteristics

Examples Non-Examples

The right to vote To go to the polls to vote.To allow to vote.

African American Suffrage15th Amendment – right to vote

Jacksonian Democracy-People that do not own land can vote Property requirements dropped.

Poll TaxGrandfather clauseLiteracy Tests

Seneca Falls Convention – Declaration of Sentiments

Worded much like the Declaration of Independence was a Declaration for women.

Declaration of Sentiments“We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed”.

7e

Explain Jacksonian Democracy, expanding suffrage, the rise of popular political culture, and the development of American nationalism.

Expanded Suffrage• Released the Property

requirement to vote.• More of the common

class could vote.• Disliked large business

interests or groups and liked small businesses and small farmers.

• For the Common Man

Mudslinging in Election of 1828

• John Q. Adams• Misusing public

funds• Purchased

gambling devices for presidential mansion

• Andrew Jackson• Wife Unfaithful

(Adultery)• Duels• Massacring Native

Americans• Execution of

soldiers

Rise of Popular Political Culture

•Presidential campaigns•Increase in Public participation

Famous Trials West• Trail of Tears• Part of Indian

Removal Act supported by Andrew Jackson• Cherokee of

Georgia removed to reservations in Oklahoma

Spoils System• Fist used by Andrew

Jackson• Appointed friends

and supporters to government offices.

American Nationalism•Manifest Destiny• Common religion• English Language• Ancestry • Culture• Expand in Manifest Destiny