U.S. History EOCT test

U.S. History EOCT testUnit 3 Preparation

SSUSH 66aExplain the Northwest Ordinances importance in the westward migration of Americans, and on slavery, public education, and the addition of new states.Essential QuestionsHow did the Northwest Territory impact westward migration of Americans?How did the Northwest Territory impact slavery?How did the Northwest Territory impact Public Education?How did the Northwest Territory impact the addition of new states?Essential QuestionHow did the Northwest Territory impact westward migration of Americans?

Northwest TerritoryStates fought over this land area for ownership.Gave land claims to the U.S. government.Congress passes 2 laws to control development and settlement.

Land Ordinance of 1785Establishes definite boundary lines so there would be no confusion over land ownership.Surveyed the land to sale to citizens to populate.

Cheap Affordable LandAnswer to essential question:Since the land was divided and sold cheaply for $1, citizens in the United States could afford the land. They moved (migrated) in to the territory after buying the land and settled communities.

Essential Question3. How did the Northwest Territory impact public education?

Public EducationOne Township was sold off to finance and support public education.Townships encouraged to establish public schools.

Financing Public EducationAnswer to essential question #3:One section was sold to finance public education.

Essential Question4. How did the Northwest Territory impact the addition of new states?

Northwest Ordinance of 1787Established process that territories could use to become a state.Set up temp govt.5,000 people elect rep. to legislature.60,000 could apply for statehood.

Process (Steps) to be added as a StateAnswer to essential question #4:Territories that wanted to be added as a state had to follow the steps outlined in the Northwest Ordinance. As new territories (such as Missouri, Maine, Oregon, and California) wanted to be added they had to get the population, adopt a constitution, and elect representative, etc.Essential Question2. How did the Northwest Territory impact slavery?Northwest Ordinance effect on SlaveryOutlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory.Settlers guaranteed freedom of Religion, freedom of speech, and other rights.

Northwest Ordinance effect on SlaveryAnswer to Essential Question # 2:Outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory.Settlers guaranteed freedom of Religion, freedom of speech, and other rights.

Slavery Not allowedReligious toleration, Freedom of SpeechOne section sold to finance Public EducationSet up process where territories could become states and be added to the United States.

6bDescribe Jeffersons diplomacy in obtaining the Louisiana Purchase from France and the territorys exploration by Lewis and Clarke.

Thomas JeffersonWanted to buyAccess to MississippiRiver (New Orleans)

Jeffersons conflictThomas Jefferson really wanted to buy the Louisiana Purchase but.He had argued a Strict interpretation of the U.S. Constitution as a philosophy.This just meant that the U.S. Constitutions language did not expressly say that he, as president, could purchase property.The opportunity to buy challenged his strict constructionist viewpoint.:Strict ConstructionistDefinitionCharacteristicsExamplesNon-ExamplesA political opinion that an individual should interpret (understand) the Constitution for what is actually stated.Mr. Howell says that you cantGo the snack machine during instructionTime.You argue to Mr. Howell that the Teacher was not teaching at the time that you visited the snack machine.Reading between the lines.Accepting implied reasoning for phrases and clauses.Literal interpretation of words by what is actually written.Face value of words actually written.Broad ConstructionistElastic Clause Necessary & Proper ClauseJefferson Submits and BuysThomas Jefferson purchased the territory because he believed it would benefit all Americans despite his personal interpretation of the U.S. Constitution.The land purchase doubles the land area of the United States.He paid $15 million.Thomas JeffersonPresident that purchased the Louisiana Territory from FranceIncreased U.S. size two times LargerMississippi to Rocky Mountains

--- Purchased from Napoleon

Lewis & Clarke ExpeditionCorps of discovery initiated by Thomas Jefferson16-month expeditioncharted the trails west, mapped rivers and mountain ranges, collected samples of unfamiliar animals and plants,and recorded facts and figures about the various Native American tribes west of the Mississippi River

6cExplain the major reasons for the War of 1812 and the wars significance on the development of a national Identity.

HistoryTensions Existed after the Revolutionary WarInterruption of TradeGreat Britain blockades ships out of the sea area in the Atlantic entering near France.Neutral vessels had to report To British Ports to get a license to trade in Europe.This Disrupted American Trade.Americans were angry.

ImpressmentThe British would capture American Commercial ships that did not report to British ports and get a license.As Punishment Americans were Conscripted forced against their will into the British Navy.This is called IMPRESSMENTBritish in Ohio River ValleyThe British still occupied the territory considered to belong to the Americans around the Northwest Territory, or Ohio River Valley.The British refused to leave this area and attempted have an influence there.Many believed the British were inciting the Native Americans to attack American property and citizens.

Manifest DestinyCompetition in the Fur Trade.

Manifest Destiny (Expansionist sentiment by War hawks).

Some Members of Congress called War Hawks were driven by expansionist ideas and manifest Destiny and declared war in order to get new lands for the U.S.

Commodore William Bainbridge

Commodore Stephen DecaturTreaty of GhentEnds the War of 1812

Battle of New OrleansFought after the Treaty of Ghent and the official end of the War of 1812

General Andrew Jackson and his troops defeat the British at New Orleans

Results of War of 1812Andrew Jackson becomes national hero for winning Battle of New Orleans.Americans experience an increased feeling of national Pride. Refer to themselves as AmericansNational IdentityAll Across the United States citizens were proud that the country was strong enough to defeat the British army and Navy once More.PROUD TO BE AMERICAN!6dDescribe the construction of the Erie Canal, the rise of New York City, and the development of the nations infrastructure.Essential QuestionWhy was the Erie Canal Built?

American SystemHenry ClayGoal was to unite the NationProtective Tariff to protect N.E. manufactures2nd Bank of the U.S. to issue a National CurrencyInternal improvements / roads and bridges built to connect the Nation / Erie Canal connecting Great lakes to Hudson River

Essential Question2. What was the significance of the construction of the Erie Canal?

Erie CanalCanal that connects the Great lakes with the Atlantic Ocean and Buffalo with Albany, NY.This was the most spectacular engineering project of the young U.S.

Importance of Erie CanalCanal connected east to west U.S. and provided faster route westward.New York rises to become the major entrance point to the United States.The Hudson River was used to connect to the Erie Canal.New immigrants could find their way to the frontier by way of the River and the Canal.Essential Question3. How did New York City rise after the building of the Erie Canal?

Importance of Erie CanalCanal connected east to west U.S. and provided faster route westward.New York rises to become the major entrance point to the United States.The Hudson River was used to connect to the Erie Canal.New immigrants could find their way to the frontier by way of the River and the Canal.Major Economic & Trade PointBecause goods going to the west from Europe had to pass through New York City many financial matters took place there.Any goods coming from the west going to Europe had to come through New York City as well.

New York CityEssential Question4. How did the building of the Erie Canal improve the nations infrastructure?

Goods & People Move WestThe Erie Canal joined the East coast of the U.S. (Atlantic Ocean) to the Great Lakes region.Allowed goods and people to travel west easier.

Continuous water route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes.

Immigrants Enter at Ellis IslandNew York City

New York become a bustling City

6eDescribe the reasons for and the importance of the Monroe Doctrine.Era of Good FeelingsAfter war of 1812, nationalism growing, one political party in power Republican.

President James MonroeMonroe Doctrine - 1823a U.S. doctrine which proclaimed that European powers should no longer Colonize or interfere with the affairs of the nations of the Americas.

Warned Europe to stay out of Western Hemisphere

Western Hemisphere

SSUSH 77a Explain the impact of the Industrial Revolution as seen in Eli Whitneys invention of the cotton gin and his development of interchangeable parts for muskets.Industrial Revolution

Eli Whitney - MusketsInterchangeable PartsIncreased and improved Northern ManufacturingStarted making more Muskets.More factories used the idea of interchangeable parts to increase technology of products.

Industrial RevolutionA time when advances in technology led to massive economic changes.Factories using mechanization increase. Transform Manufacturing

Eli WhitneyCotton GinIncreased need for slaves in the SouthIncreased production of cotton in the south.

SectionalismEli Whitney contributed to the economic splitting of the United States in two sections of the country.NorthOne based on ManufacturingSupported TariffsOpposed spread of Slavery west

SouthBased on agriculture.Based on Institution of Slavery.Opposed Tariffs.Supported spread of slavery west.

SectionalismNorthManufacturingWanted Tariffs Opposed SlaveryStop spread of slavery to western states

SouthAgricultureOpposed TariffsProtected SlaverySpread slavery to western states

Sectionalism

7bDescribe the westward growth of the United States; include the emerging concept of Manifest Destiny.

Manifest DestinyBelief God was on the side of U.S. expansion from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

Atlas Onlinehttp://www.animatedatlas.com/movie.htmlWestward Expansion

TexasTejas a territory in Mexico populated by Americans when Moses Austin was granted permission to establish a colony there.Stephen Austin Moses son establishes Tejas.Citizens of Tejas feel unfairly taxed and managed by Mexican President Santa AnaDeclare their Independence.Texas War for IndependenceBattle of the Alamo- 13 day seige Feb. 23-Mar. 6, 1836Mexicans under Santa Ana defeat Texans.100 Texans v. 1500 Mexican troops.All Texans die; 400 MexicansRemember the Alamo

Texans Win- Lone Star RepublicTexans beat Santa Ana at the Battle of San Jacinto.Led by Sam Houston.Force Santa Ana to recognize Independence.Texas became an Independent Republic. 1836-1845

Texas AnnexedThen War With MexicoBorder DisputeTexas annexed in 1845U.S. says Mexicos northern border is Rio Grande River.Mexico says Mexicos northern border is Nueces River. Mexican American War begins over the border of Texas.James K. Polk was President

Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoMexico cedes what later becomes California, Nevada, Utah, part of New Mexico, part of Arizona.

Gadsden Purchase1853 - U.S. Pays Mexico $15 Million for the dark gray area which is southern Arizona and southern New Mexico.Settles the southern border of the U.S.

Oregon TerritoryJoint Occupation of Oregon1842 thousands of United States settlers moved to Oregon seeking a better life.Oregon Trail.James K. Polk argued to Great Britain U.S. owned up to 54 degrees 40 minutes line of latitude.

Oregon Trail

54 40' or FightMany Americans advocated (supported) war against Great Britain to get control of the Oregon Territory.Slogan became James K. Polks campaign slogan. He Won!

Manifest Destiny CompleteBy 1853

7cDescribe the reform movements, specifically temperance, abolitionism, and public school.:REFORMDefinitionCharacteristicsExamplesNon-ExamplesTo Change, ImproveReform Movements: Organized attempts to improve problems in societyImproveModifyChange Alter

To Make More DemocraticHorace Mann-Public Education reformTo create tax funded public schoolsRaise teacher pay, extend school yearSlave Masters keeping the Status quoTemperance MovementMovement led by women to end the consumption of Alcohol.

Public SchoolsLeader: Horace MannPurpose: Tax funded public SchoolRaise Teacher PayExtend School year

:AbolitionistDefinitionCharacteristicsExamplesNon-ExamplesA person who wishes to put an end to or eliminate Slavery.Abolitionist movement: organized effort by a group of people to end slaveryStop SlaveryPut and end to slaveryDo away with slaveryEliminate slaveryGet rid of slavery

To enslaveBindYokeshackleWilliam Loyd Garrisonwhite abolitionist leader and publisher of The Liberator

Frederick Douglasformer slave and publisher of The North StarFrederick DouglasFormer urban slave who escaped.Famous abolitionist and owner of the newspaper called North Star

William Lloyd GarrisonWhite AbolitionistPublisher of the Newspaper, The Liberator

Sarah & Angelina GrimkeParents owned slavesGrew up on a plantationAbolitionist Spoke out against slavery.

7dExplain womens efforts to gain suffrage; include Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Seneca Falls Conference.Elizabeth Cady StantonLed the early womens suffrage (right to vote) movement.Organized the Seneca Falls Convention where women won the right to vote by a narrow margin.

:SuffrageDefinitionCharacteristicsExamplesNon-ExamplesThe right to voteTo go to the polls to vote.To allow to vote.African American Suffrage15th Amendment right to vote Jacksonian Democracy-People that do not own land can vote Property requirements dropped.

Poll TaxGrandfather clauseLiteracy Tests

Seneca Falls Convention Declaration of SentimentsWorded much like the Declaration of Independence was a Declaration for women.

Declaration of SentimentsWe hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.

7eExplain Jacksonian Democracy, expanding suffrage, the rise of popular political culture, and the development of American nationalism.Expanded SuffrageReleased the Property requirement to vote.More of the common class could vote.Disliked large business interests or groups and liked small businesses and small farmers.For the Common Man

Mudslinging in Election of 1828John Q. AdamsMisusing public fundsPurchased gambling devices for presidential mansion

Andrew JacksonWife Unfaithful (Adultery)DuelsMassacring Native AmericansExecution of soldiersRise of Popular Political CulturePresidential campaignsIncrease in Public participation

Famous Trials WestTrail of TearsPart of Indian Removal Act supported by Andrew JacksonCherokee of Georgia removed to reservations in Oklahoma

Spoils SystemFist used by Andrew JacksonAppointed friends and supporters to government offices.

American NationalismManifest DestinyCommon religionEnglish LanguageAncestry CultureExpand in Manifest Destiny