9 US History Student Name:_____________

Unit 7: Progressive Era Period: ___________________

Time Period: 1900-1920

Unit Questions

(Prepare to answer these questions for unit exam)

1. What is Progressivism? What were its goals?

2. Who were the Muckrakers? What effect did they have on American society?

3. Why did public education expand during the Progressive Era? What were the goals of

public education?

4. In the Era of Progressivism, why did Jim Crow and racism increase?

5. What is Teddy Roosevelt’s legacy as the first “progressive” president?

6. How did election reforms under Woodrow Wilson seek to make American democracy

more open?

Thought Jots

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Free Note-taking Lined Paper from http://incompetech.com/graphpaper/notelined/

Name: ______________________________

Progressive Era: Themes & Goals

Progressivism:

Progressive Era:

GOALS: Progressive Era

Goal I: Protecting Social Welfare:

Goal II: Promoting Moral Improvement:

Goal III: Creating Economic Reform:

Goal IV: Fostering Efficiency:

Progressive Priorities Read through all of the Progressive Problems and rank them in order of importance. (1—

most important, 8—least important). Then brainstorm possible reforms for each problem.

Ranking Progressive Problem How could this be effectively reformed?

Racism: In 1896, the U.S.

Supreme Court ruled that Jim

Crow laws which promoted

segregation were legal, as long

as facilities were provided that

were separate, but equal. The

federal government also

practiced institutionalized

racism by discriminating against

blacks in hiring for jobs.

Women’s Rights: Even though

some women had been agitating

for suffrage for over fifty years,

the vote was still limited to men.

Women also received lower

wages than men and carried the

burden of urban poverty.

Conservation: Some areas of

the country were plagued with

drought, while others faced

terrible flooding. Logging

companies used land

indiscriminately, destroying old

forests that had taken centuries

to grow.

Working Conditions: Members

of the working class were

subjected to long hours, low

pay, and poor working

conditions. All those injured at

work were also in danger of

losing their job. Even young

children were often employed in

dangerous conditions.

Monopolies: Several men,

including J.P. Morgan and the

Rockefellers, built bad “trusts”

that attempted to build control

the market and gouge profits

from the public.

Political Corruption: The

political system was controlled

by a number of “bosses” who

pressured voters in supporting

their candidates and causes.

Voting was not done secretly

and people had little influence

over the political agenda.

Urban Slums: Many new

immigrants and members of the

working class lived in crowded,

run-down tenements in the

cities. Often a few families were

crowded into a small room

without running water.

Education: Schooling was not

mandatory, and was often

reserved for the upper classes.

With the influx of a large

immigrant population, there

were also concerns about

assimilating new Americans into

the population.

Homework: Read Ch. 20, Sections 1 and 2. Then answer the following questions in

complete sentences.

1. Who worked for reform in the Progressive era? What types of reforms were they

interested in?

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2. Name 2 reforms at the state level and 2 reforms at the national level.

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3. This time period is referred to as the “Progressive era.” What does this name

mean? Is the name accurate?

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TOPIC: Muckrakers

Muckrakers were members of the press that investigated corruption in order to

expose problems to the American people. They had a great amount of influence often

resulting in the passage of laws designed to reform the abuse that they reported.

Below are several Muckrakers from the Progressive period. Use the textbook to fill out

the chart.

Muckraker Work subject results

Thomas Nast

Political Corruption

by NYC’s political

machine, Tammany

Hall, led by Boss

Tweed

Jacob Riis

How the Other Half

Lives(1890)

Ida B. Wells

NAACP joined the

fight for Federal

anti-lynching

legislation

Frank Norris

The Octopus(1901) This fictional book

exposed

monopolistic

railroad practices in

California

Ida Tarbell

.

Lincoln Steffans

Cities began to use

city commissions

and city managers.

Upton Sinclair

Investigated

dangerous working

conditions and

unsanitary

procedures in the

meatpacking

industry.

THEMES: Progressive Era Name: _____________

Theme I. What do you think “enlightened expertise” means with regard to the solving of the problems

related to industrialization and urbanization?

Theme II. Describe the role of women in the Progressive era. What were their lives like, what projects

were they involved in and how were Progressive women not following the traditional “model” for

women at the time?

Theme III. What is “Social Control”? What are some examples of it from the Progressive era?

Theme IV. Describe life in the Jim Crow South for blacks during the Progressive era.

Theme V. What is assimilation, with regard to immigrants?

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Progressives react to Child Labor

______________________

_________________________

Expansion of Public Education

________________________

• Goal of school: teach basic skills needed to ______________________ in everyday life

• Taught reading, writing, and arithmetic

• Emphasis on ____________

• Strict discipline (hickory switch)

• Most students graduated from school after 8th grade

_______________________

• The USA changed with the technology of the Industrial Revolution

• Goal of school: – teach skills to ____________

in new industrial society

– Good ___________________

– Good ___________________

– Good ___________________

Who should be educated?

• Immigrants?

• Encouraged to go to public school to

• ___________________: become American

• Learn:

– ____________________

– ____________________

– ____________________

• African-Americans?

• Most children

– ____________________in public schools

– Needed at home for farm work

• It took until the _______ for public education to become widely available for African-American children

Two Kinds of Education _____________________

• Trade and Vocational Schools

• Prepare for __________

• Use _______to get ahead

• ____________________

_____________________

• High Schools and Colleges

• Prepare for __________

• Use _____ to get ahead

• ___________________

Comparing High School to Industrial School Name:

Document #1: Industrial School

How is the Industrial School coursework similar to EBF coursework? Make three comparisons…explain your reasoning…

o

o

o

Explain how teaching these skills might help a student to get ahead in a new industrial society (farms=>factories).

The three goals of education are to make students… good workers, good citizens, and good individuals. Explain how getting an education at an Industrial School could accomplish this.

o Good Workers:

o Good Citizens:

o Good Individuals:

Document #2: High School (Academic School)

How is the High School coursework similar to EBF coursework? Make three comparisons…explain your reasoning…

o

o

o

How is the High School coursework different than EBF coursework? Make three comparisons…explain your reasoning…

o

o

o

The three goals of education are to make students… good workers, good citizens, and good individuals. Explain how getting an education at a High School (Academic School) could accomplish this.

o Good Workers:

o Good Citizens:

o Good Individuals:

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_____________________________Court Case

• Homer Plessy was jailed in 1892 for sitting in a whites only railroad car.

• Plessy decided to challenge Jim Crow and segregation in court.

• Plessy v Ferguson was heard by the US Supreme Court

• Court Ruling:• _____________________________________Doctrine:

Segregation is okay, as long as everything else about it is equal.

•

• _________________ is not overturned until ____________

Challenge 1: ______________________Laws

What was Jim Crow?

• an African-American character that tried to act “out of his place” by adopting

white dress and habits.

What are Jim Crow Laws?

• Laws that _______________: Separating the races in public areas and services.

• Jim Crow laws started in the ________________ and slowly made their way ___________.

Examples of Jim Crow Laws• White nurses couldn’t help Black men

• Separate transport waiting rooms & ticket offices for Blacks

• Blacks & whites couldn’t play pool together

• People of different races couldn’t marry

• Separate toilets, fountains

• Separate baseball fields

• Separation of white & Black prisoners

• Black & white students couldn’t use the same textbooks

• Blacks could not be served in white restaurants or lunch counters

• No Blacks in public libraries

• Whites forbidden to sell property to Blacks

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The KKK is re-founded in 1917 and its membership grows into the __________during the 1920s

Most members lived in the South, but there were chapters in every state.

Focus of hatred: ________________________________________________________________________

Challenge 2: ___________reformed

KKK fear tactic: _______________

KKK fear tactic: ______________

1/26/2014

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KKK fear tactic: ________________

Challenge 3: __________ Increases

____________: hanging a suspect without a trial.

_______________: Lynching held as a public event.

– What might start a mob lynching?

Challenge 4: ________________

• ______________________: Many African-Americans move into cities to escape sharecropping system in factories.

• __________________: This creates friction between Black, Immigrant, and White communities living close together.

Character Clue Sheet

Use these questions to search for clues that tell you about the characters. Thequestions can help you get started. Don’t feel that you have to answer every one ofthem. Just use them to think about what stands out about the character you’rediscussing.

What does the character look like?

How does the character dress? What color are his or her clothes? How wouldyou describe them?

What kind of body does the character have? For instance, is the character tallor short?

Does the character usually have other items with him or her? For example,does the character wear glasses or always carry a backpack?

Does the character have any special features that would stand out in acrowd? If so, what are they?

Does the character’s appearance change? What do you notice about it?

What does the character say and do?

What does the character say? To whom does he or she speak?

How would you describe the character’s conversational tone? For instance,does he or she sound friendly, formal, or well-educated?

What would you say about the character’s voice? Is it loud or soft? Does itsqueak? Is it high or low?

Does the character make any other sounds? Does he or she breathe heavily,sniffle, or giggle?

Does the character have any habits that make a sound? Do you hear thecharacter pop his or her knuckles, tap a foot, or pop bubble gum?

How does the character move around? For example, does the character walk,run, skip, or march?

What things does the character do during the story? What actions does he orshe take?

How does the character behave with others?

How would you describe the character’s behavior? Mean? Angry? Happy?Shy?

Does the character get along well with others? Does the character havefriends? Is the character close to any family members?

How does the character treat others? For instance, would you describe thecharacter understanding, thoughtful, or quick to get angry?

Guided Reading: President Theodore Roosevelt Name:

Read: p.9-19 in Progressive Movement Reading

1. Why did Teddy Roosevelt become President?

2. What did Teddy Roosevelt promise the American people? Explain the “Square Deal.”

3. How did Roosevelt solve the Coal Strike of 1902?

4. How did the resolution of the Coal Strike show the nation what kind of president Roosevelt

intended to be?

5. Which law did Roosevelt use to break up “bad trusts?” What are “trusts?”

6. Describe a “pool.”

7. Which law gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the right to set maximum railroad

rates?

8. What did the Meet Inspection Act do?

9. What did the Pure Food and Drug act do?

10. What does “conservation” mean? Why is Teddy Roosevelt considered a conservationist?

Smart Notes: Woodrow Wilson and “New Freedom” Name: Per:

1. To which political party did Woodrow Wilson belong?

2. What was Woodrow Wilson’s “New Freedom?”

The 5 PARTS OF WILSON’S “NEW FREEDOM”

1. Clayton Anti-Trust Act

a. What did this law say about all business monopolies

b. What did this law say about labor unions?

2. Federal Trade Act

a. What government agency did this law create?

b. Why was this agency created?

c. What did this agency have the power to do?

3. Taxes and Tariffs

a. What is a tariff?

b. What effect did cutting tariffs have on business in the USA?

4. Federal Income Tax

a. Which constitutional amendment allowed for a federal income tax?

b. What is a federal income tax?

5. Federal Reserve System

a. What was the Federal Reserve System?

b. What powers did the Federal Reserve have?

Smart Notes: Progressive Election Reform Name: Per:

The 6 Progressive Election Reforms

1. Women’s Suffrage

a. What is Women’s Suffrage?

b. Which constitutional amendment granted women suffrage?

c. What tactics did women use to gain suffrage?

d. What was the typing point in the fight for women’s suffrage?

2. Australian Ballot

a. What is an Australian Ballot?

3. Initiative

a. How does the Initiative work?

4. Referendum

a. How does the Referendum work?

5. Recall

a. Who does a Recall work?

6. Seventeenth Amendment

a. What did the 17th Amendment change?

b. How were senators selected before this amendment?

Unit 7 Study Guide: Progressive Era Name:

Terms to Know: Per:

Progressivism

Progressive Era

Muckraker

Enlightened Expertise

Social Control

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

Assimilation

Klu Klux Klan

Lynching

Teddy Roosevelt

“Trustbusting”

Meat Inspection Act

Pure Food and Drug Act

Conservation

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Federal Trade Act

Federal Reserve System

Women’s Suffrage

19th Amendment

Australian Ballot

Concepts to Consider:

What are the Four Goal of Progressivism? What are examples of these goals?

o Goal 1:

Example 1:

o Goal 2:

Example 2:

o Goal 3:

Example 3:

o Goal 4:

Example 4:

Identify at least four examples of specific issues Progressives tried to reform?

o

o

o

How did the emphasis of school change during the Progressive Era?

How did public schools attempt to assimilate immigrants?

What is the difference between “Industrial Education” and “Academic Education”?

What are Jim Crow Laws? What is segregation?

Who was Booker T. Washington? Did he support industrial education or high school

education?

Who was W.E.B. DuBois? Did he support high school education or industrial education?

What is the court case Plessey vs. Ferguson about? What does “Separate but Equal” mean?

What is “Birth of a Nation?” How did it contribute to the increase in racism against African

Americans?

Identify four challenges faced by African-Americans during the Progressive Era?

o

o

o

o

Why did Teddy Roosevelt unexpectedly become president?

Why is Teddy Roosevelt remembered as “Trustbusting Teddy?”

Why is Teddy Roosevelt remembered as a conservationist?

To which political party did Woodrow Wilson belong?

What was Woodrow Wilson’s “New Freedom?”

How does the “Initiative” work?

How does the “Referendum” work?

How does the “Recall” work?