US PRESIDENTS

GEORGE WASHINGTON (1789-1797)NO PARTY

• Economy: Hamilton established BUS• Foreign Policy: • No foreign entanglements (no long term alliances in

peacetime)• Jay‘s treaty (British leaves forts on US soil, British damages

maritime US losses)• Pinckney‘s Treaty (Spanish clarifies south-western borders, free

navigation of Mississippi)• Domestic:• Whiskey Rebellion (force to maintain order)

• Political/Legal:• Disliked formation of parties• 2 term limit

JOHN ADAMS (1797-1801)FEDERALIST

• Foreign Policy: • French Revolution• XYZ affair• Convention of 1800, peace w/France, alliance canceled,

American to pay damages to American shippers• Domestic:• Alien & Sedition act

• Political/Legal:• Cabinet worked against him & w/Hamilton instead

THOMAS JEFFERSON (1801-1809)DEMOTIC REPUBLICAN

• Economy:• Embargo Act (forbidden exports, tried to get France/Britain to

respect US)• Lowered taxes• Eliminated whiskey taz• Non-Intercourse Act– embargo to France/Britain

• Foreign Policy:• Louisiana Purchase (1803)• Chesapeake Affair

• Domestic:• Lewis & Clark• Cumberland Road authorized

• Political/Legal:• Midnight judges (Marbury v. Madison, judicial review)

JAMES MADISON (1809-1817)DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICAN

• Economy:• Macon‘s Bill No2– lifts embargo for first country to repeal

certain decrees/orders• Protectionist Tariff of 1816- British goods start flooding US

market, first protectionist tariff• First BUS charter ends, not renewed

• Foreign Policy:• War of 1812• Treaty of Ghent– ends War of 1812, „Not one inch of

territory ceded or lost“, armistice, Russia needed help

JAMES MADISON (CONT.)• Domestic:• Battle of Tippecanoe (Tecumseh dies {Indians screwed},

Harrison gets famous)• Battle of Horseshoe Bend (Jackson gets famous)• Battle of New Orleans (Jackson‘s popularity increases)• Cumberland Road construction begins • Vetoes Bonus Bill (internal improvements should be done by

state)• Political/Legal:• Fletcher v. Peck (legislatures could not mess w/contracts)

JAMES MONROE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICAN

• Economy:• Second BUS• Panic of 1897- wildcat banks, too much land speculation

• Foreign Policy:• Monroe Doctrine– hands off American continent• Russo-American Treaty of 1824- Russia leaves Oregon• Rush-Bagot agreement- stopped naval build-up on Great Lakes• Treaty of 1818- fixed northern boundary of Louisiana• Spain cedes Florida in exchange for Mexico

JAMES MONROE (CONT.)

• Domestic:• Jackson invades Florida• Missouric Compromise (slave below 36‘30, admit

Maine/Missouri)• Political/Legal:• Gibbons v. Ogden- states couldn‘t regulate interstate

commerce• Dartmouth College v. Woodward– states can‘t mess

w/contracts

JOHN Q. ADAMSDEMOCRATIC REPUBLICAN

• Economy:• Tariff of Abominations

• Domestic:• Corrupt bargain, Clay becomes Secretary of State

• Political/Legal:• Henry Clay throws election to Adams

ANDREW JACKSONDEMOCRAT

• Economy:• Pet banks, pulls money out of BUS• Vetoes vote to recharter BUS• Tariff of 1832- lower than Abomination, but seemed more

permanent• Compromise Tariff of 1833

• Foreign Policy:• Texas wins independence

ANDREW JACKSON (CONT.)

• Domestic:• Indian Removal Act• Maysville Road veto- strict construction• Specie Circular- attempted to discourage land spec., paid

hard money for hard land• Calhoun (VP) writes South Carolina Exposition, in

response to Tariff of Abomination• Hayne/Webster debate

• Political/Legal:• Spoils system

MARTIN VAN BURENDEMOCRAT

• Economy:• Panic of 1837- screwed Buren over• Independent Treasury

• Foreign Policy:• Recognizes Republic of Texas, but doesn‘t annex

• Domestic:• Political/Legal:

WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON WHIG

• Domestic:• Personality campaign

• Political/Legal:• Longest speech, shortest term

JOHN TYLERWHIG

• Economy:• Vetoed bank bills• Vetoed a tariff bill

• Foreign Policy:• Webster-Ashburton treaty– Maine border dispute• Texas annexed

• Political/Legal:• The non-Whiggy Whig

JAMES K. POLK

• Economy:• Tariff-for-revenue Bill– lowered average rates from 32% to

25%• Foreign Policy:• „Fifty-four forty or fight“, but didn‘t fight• War w/Mexico– got disputed land of Texas and California

• Domestic:• CA, OR, Tariff, Independent Treasury• California gold rush 1848

ZACHARY TAYLORWHIG

• Domestic:• Doesn‘t want Compromise of 1850

MILLARD FILLMORE

• Domestic:• Wants Compromise of 1850 (CA free, Fugitive Slave Act)

FRANKLIN PIERCEDEMOCRAT

• Foreign Policy:• Ostend Manifesto- sent diplomats to try to get Cuba from

Spain but Northerners found & failed• Gadsden Purchase- create Pacific RR and brought land

from Mexico• Domestic:• Kansas-Nebraska Act- Nebraska: free, Kansas: slave but

northerners came into Kansas (caused formation of Republicans)

JAMES BUCHANAN

• Economy:• Financial crash of 1857 – North was hardest hit and south

thought they could live without the north (King Cotton)• Tariff of 1857 – lowest tariff since 1812 rate 20%

Northerners complained, fincancial crisis struck soon after• Domestic:• John Brown- martyr for anti-slavery forces; killed pro-

slavery person in Kansas• Lincoln-Douglas debates

• Political/Legal:• Dred Scott v. Sanford= slaves were considered to be

property & couldn’t sue in federal courts

ABRAHAM LINCOLNREPUBLICAN

• Domestic:• Civil War• Emancipation Proclamation• Crittenden compromise – below 36’30 would be slave

above would be free; Lincoln struch it down• Freedmen‘s Bureau – education & land for blacks

• Political/Legal:• Suspend civil liberties during war

ANDREW JOHNSONDEMOCRAT

• Economy:• National Labor Union appears (dies under Grant)

• Foreign Policy:• Seward buys Alaska• Midway Islands annexed

• Political/Legal:• 13th Amendment (free slaves)• Civil Rights Act (citizenship & no black codes)• 14th Amendment (citizenship)• Impeached but acquitted in Senate

• Take out your Presidents charts

ULYSSES GRANTREPUBLICAN

• Economy:• Panic of 1873 – RR speculation• Tariff of 1870, ‚72, ‚75 – lowered rates and expanded free list • Resumption Act – redeem govt loans in hard currency (step

away from bimetallism)• Domestic:• Political corruption (Credit Mobilier scandal, Tweed Ring, Whiskey

Ring)• Freedmen‘s Bureau expires

• Political/Legal:• 15th Am. (voting)• Force acts (guarantee voting for blacks)• Civil Rights Act of 1875 (full and equal accomodations, ruled

unconstitutional by SC)

RUTHERFORD B. HAYESREPUBLICAN

• Economy:• Bland-Allison Act– Treasury buys silver & makes silver

dollars (continued bimetallism)• Domestic:• Hayes-Tilden standoff Compromise of 1877, end of

military reconstruction• Desert Land Act – gave land to those who would irrigate

for 3 years

JAMES GARFIELD REPUBLICAN

• Assassinated by “deranged office seeker,” led to Pendleton Act

CHESTER ARTHURREPUBLICAN

• Economy:Tariff of 1875- continued protectionist

principles• Foreign Policy:• Chinese Exclusion Act

• Political/Legal:• Pendleton Act (led to downfall of patronage)• Civil Rights Act of 1875 ruled unconstitutional

GROVER CLEVELANDDEMOCRAT

• Economy:• Interstate Commerce Act – rein in RRs (but

commissioners were all RR people, so nothing happened)• Knights of Labor dissolved

• Foreign Policy:• Dawes Severalty Act – largely destroys Indian govts

• Political/Legal:• Wabash case – defeat for populists who wanted to control

railways

BENJAMIN HARRISONREPUBLICAN

• Economy:• McKinley Tariff – highest tariff in American history until then

(48%)• Sherman Anti-Trust Act – prohibited combinaitons in restraint of

trade ... Would be used to target unions though• Foreign Policy:• Pan-American conference – worked w/Latin America to establish

treaties on trade

BENJAMIN HARRISON (CONT.)

• Domestic:• „Billion Dollar Congress“• Frontier line disappears• Pension Act 1890 – gave money to veterans (too much

money coming in)• Hull House – helped immigrants• US Forest Service est. by Forest Reserve Act

• Political/Legal:• Populists organized

GROVER CLEVELANDDEMOCRAT

• Economy:• Panic of 1893 (blamed on Sherman Silver Purchase Act,

which would be repealed)• Foreign Policy:• Hawaii revolts, but Cleveland refuses to annex

• Domestic:• Labor unrest (Pullman strike)

• Political/Legal:• Plessy v. Ferguson – „separate but equal“

• Take out your presidents chart

• DO NOT MOVE THE DESKS

• DBQ re-writes due MONDAY, May 14

WILLIAM MCKINLEY REPUBLICAN

• Economy:• Dingley Tariff – highest of all time, McKinley says

„greatest piece of republican legislation“ (though he had campaigned on lower tariffs!)

• Gold Standard Act – stopped bimetallism• Foreign Policy:• USS Maine sunk• Imperialism• Open Door note

• Domestic:• Yellow journalism (hyped Maine)

THEODORE ROOSEVELTREPUBLICAN

• Economy:• Northern Securities case – he didn‘t want trusts out of

control• Panic of 1907 („Roosevelt Panic“)

• Foreign Policy:• Panama Canal• Expansionism – Platt Amendment (Cubans got

independence in name only)• Roosevelt Corollary (Big Stick)

THEODORE ROOSEVELT (CONT.)

• Domestic:• 3 C‘s– conservation, consumer, corporations• Hepburn Act – no free passes & strengthens ICC• Regulations: Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act

• Political/Legal:• Lochner v. New York- can‘t limit # of working hrs• Gentlemen‘s Agreement w/Japan• Muller v. Oregon – women‘s working hrs can be restricted

WILLIAM H. TAFTREPUBLICAN

• Economy:• Payne-Aldrich Tariff– Taft didn‘t lower tariffs• US Steel prosecution- angered TR

• Foreign Policy:• Dollar diplomacy

• Domestic:• NAACP forms• Ballinger-Pinchot Affair – disagreement between TR & Taft

WOODROW WILSONDEMOCRAT

• Economy:• Underwood Tariff– lowered tariff• Federal Reserve Act• Clayton Antitrust Act– outlawed price discrimination,

allowed labor unions• FTC established• LaFollette Seamen’s Act• Worker’s Compensation Act• Adamson’s Act- 8 hr workday for interstate RR workers

(same wages as 10 hr day)• Keating-Owens Act– federal child labor law• War Revenue Act– graduated income tax

WOODROW WILSONDEMOCRAT

• Foreign policy:• Tries to stay out of WWI• Russian Rev. (US doesn’t recognize for 16 years)• Treaty of Versailles– Fourteen Points• League of Nations• Red Scare– Sacco & Vanzetti

WOODROW WILSON DEMOCRAT

• Domestic• Triple Wall of Privilege (tarriff, banks, trusts)• Selective Service Act– WWI draft• War Industries Board– took control of war industries• Harlem Renaissance

• Political/legal• 16th Amendment- income tax• 17th Amendment- direct election of senators• Appoints Jew to Supreme Court• Schenck v. US– 1st Am. restricted during war• 18th Amendment- prohibition• 19th Amendment- woman suffrage

TAKE OUT YOUR PRESIDENTS CHART

• DBQ re-writes (if you failed) due MONDAY, May 14• TUESDAY, May 15 for 6th pd`

• If you haven’t written yours yet, try to come in today after school

WARREN G. HARDINGREPUBLICAN

• Economic:• Emergency tariff of 1921– saved farmers• Fordney-McCumber tariff– blatantly protective tariff

• Foreign Policy:• Separate peace w/ Germany

• Domestic:• Veterans Bureau• Emergency Quota Act• Scandals: Teapot Dome, Veteran Bureau• KKK revived

CALVIN COOLIDGEREPUBLICAN

• Foreign Policy• Kellogg-Briand Pact– outlaws war

• Domestic• Snyder Act of 1924- American Indians get citizenship• Immigration Act of 1924- similar to Emergency Quota Act• Soldier’s Bonus Act- bonus to soldiers

• Political/ legal• Scopes trial- evolution trial• First female state governor

HERBERT HOOVERREPUBLICAN

• Economy• Stock market crash• Reconstruction Finance Corporation- gave loans to businesses

(trickle-down)• Norris LaGuardia Anti-Injection Act- no yellow-dog contracts• Glass-Steagall Act- created FDIC, insured deposits in banks

• Foreign Policy• Appeasement towards Japan (Manchuria) & Germany• Debt Moratorium- slowed repayment on loans from European

nations• Domestic• Bonus Army– veterans march on Washington, dispersed by

military force

FRANKLIN ROOSEVELTDEMOCRAT

• Economy:• Hundred Days Congress• TVA• Agricultural Adjustment Act (paid to not grow crops)• Bank holiday• Good Neighbor policy- stopped armed intervention in Latin

America• US off gold standard- allowed for inflation of dollar• Civilian Conservation Corps- young men work in forest, send

earnings to family• Federal Emergency Relief Act- direct $ to civilians• Federal Securities Act- regulated stock market• …

FRANKLIN ROOSEVELTDEMOCRAT

• Economy (continued)• Indian Reorganization Act– more pol. & eco. Freedom• National Housing Act- fed. Housing administration, homes

for cheap• Works Progress Administration- provided $ for public

works• Wagner Act- National Labor Relations Board est.• Social Security- pay money to retired people• Soil Conservation Act- replaces AAA• Fair Labor Standards Act- minimum wage & maximum

hours

FRANKLIN ROOSEVELTDEMOCRAT

• Foreign Policy• Neutrality Acts• Munich Conference- appeases Germany• Cash & carry• Lend-lease Act• Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact• Atlantic Charter (if US enters war, Europe would be first)• Tehran conference- “Big Three” meet, open 2nd front in

Europe

FRANKLIN ROOSEVELTDEMOCRAT

• Domestic• GI Bill• Fair Employment Practices Commission- no discrimination

in war industry• War Production Board (WPB)- controlled production

FRANKLIN ROOSEVELTDEMOCRAT

• Political/Legal• 20th Amendment- shortens lame duck period• 21st Amendment- prohibition ends• “court-packing”- no messing w/SC• Korematsu v. US- internment legal

TAKE OUT YOUR PRESIDENTS CHART

• **Let Mrs. Davoust know if you have food allergies (esp. nuts)!

HARRY TRUMANDEMOCRAT

• Economy• Employment Act- fed. govt. responsible for economy• Taft-Hartley Act- no closed shop (can’t be forced to join union)• Fair Deal

• Foreign Policy• Potsdam Conference- expanded on Yalta conference• Nuremburg Trials- warcrime trial• Churchill’s Iron Curtain• Truman Doctrine• Marshall Plan• Containment policy• Berlin Airlift• NATO (North Atlantic TREATY Organization, not trade)

HARRY TRUMANDEMOCRAT

• Domestic• National Security Act- coordinates wartime intelligence• Armed forces desegregate

• Political/Legal• Fear of communism• Alger Hiss• Rosenbergs• McCarthyism

• 22nd Amendment– 2 terms

DWIGHT D. EISENHOWERREPUBLICAN

• Economy• Landrum-Griffin Act- limited union boycotting• National highways

• Foreign Policy• Korean war armistice• Domino theory• Geneva Summit (“open skies”- ignored)• Hungarian revolution failed• Suez crisis intervention in Middle East• Sputnik

DWIGHT D. EISENHOWERREPUBLICAN

• Domestic• Civil rights: Montgomery Bus Boycott, Little Rock

integrated, SCLC & SNCC est., lunch counter sit ins• Alaska & Hawaii become states

• Political/legal• Brown v. Board- “separate is inherently unequal”

JOHN F. KENNEDYDEMOCRAT

• Foreign Policy (Cold War)• Berlin Wall constructed• Bay of Pigs/Cuban Missile Crisis• Alliance for Progress– Marshall Plan for Latin America• Trade Expansion Act- led to lower tariffs between Europe

& US• Peace Corps founded

JOHN F. KENNEDYDEMOCRAT

• Domestic• Civil Rights: Freedom Riders, March on Washington

• Political/legal• 23rd Amendment– DC gets 3 electoral college votes

LYNDON B. JOHNSONDEMOCRAT

• Economy• Great Society- fought poverty & racial injustice• War on Poverty, Social Security Act, Medicare & Medicaid

• Foreign Policy• Vietnam• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution• Paris Peace Talks• Tet offensive

LYNDON B. JOHNSONDEMOCRAT

• Domestic• Civil Rights Acts

• Political/legal• 24th Amendment- no poll taxes• Miranda case (Miranda v. Arizona)• 25th Amendment– presidential succession• First black on Supreme Court

RICHARD NIXONREPUBLICAN

• Economy• OPEC embargo• Alaskan pipeline

• Foreign Policy• Détente• SALT• Opens relationship w/China• Ceasefire in Vietnam• Moon landing

RICHARD NIXONREPUBLICAN

• Domestic• Environment- Clean Air Act, EPA• Watergate

• Political/legal• War Powers Act- President couldn’t send troops w/o

approval• 26th Amendment– 18 to vote

GERALD FORDREPUBLICAN

• Foreign Policy• South Vietnam falls

• Political/legal• Pardons Nixon

JIMMY CARTERDEMOCRAT

• Economy• Energy Department (due to OPEC)

• Foreign Policy• Camp David between Egypt & Israel• Panama Canal treaty– US will return it• SALT II• Iran Hostage Crisis• USSR invades Afghanistan

• Political/legal• Pardons draft evaders in Vietnam War

RONALD REAGANREPUBLICAN

• Economy• “Reaganomics” tax cut (tried to decrease size of govt)• Stock Market plunge, 1987

• Foreign Policy• Hostages released• Marines killed in Lebanon• SDI initiative- outspend USSR• Meets w/Gorbachev

• Domestic• Iran-Contra scandal

• Political/legal• 1st woman justice

GEORGE BUSH, SR.REPUBLICAN

• Economy• Americans with Disabilities act

• Foreign Policy• Gulf war• Berlin Wall falls- Germans united• USSR disintegrates

• Domestic• War on Drugs

• Political/legal• 27th Amendment- congressional pay raises take effect for

next round of senators

BILL CLINTONDEMOCRAT

• Economy• Welfare reform

• Foreign Policy• NAFTA signed• EU created

• Domestic• WTC bombed