use of the administrative data in population censuses

Use of the administrative data in Population CensusesLibourne, 4 - 7 June 2007

Kaija Ruotsalainen, Statistics Finland

7.6.2007 B 2

Content

1 Administrative data and registers as sources of statistics Advantages and disadvantages of register-based statistics

production

2 Use of register data in statistics compilation Ways of utilising registers Defining the families Definition the main type of activity

3 Data quality4 New statistics made possible by the use of registers

7.6.2007 B 3

Advantages of register-based statistics production

Total data can be produced annually Lower costs (1980 Finnish Census cost EUR 34 million, 2000 Census

EUR 840 000. Because of the identifying codes it is possible to compile the flow-

statistics Possibility to produce more data (for instance multiple activities) Possibility to link with other material No subjective opinions => All the cases are handled in the same way No additional burden to respondents Fewer personal problems Confidentiality advantages

7.6.2007 B 4

Disadvantages of register-based statistics production

Dependence on data suppliers An amendment in legislation or other administrative change can cause

changes to the data content of the register Changes in data suppliers’ information system can bring problems, at

least delays from the normal production rate The coverage of registers may be defective for some data, although the

register itself would contain all the units Consistency problems may arise when linking information from different

registers All the information that previously used to ask on census forms not

exist in the register

7.6.2007 B 5

Use of register data in statistics compilation

Register data are utilised primarily in two different ways:

1) Obtain the information directly from the register e.g. person’s demographic data (age, gender, marital status, citizenship) or income data

2) Another way is to form new variables with the so-called register estimation method

7.6.2007 B 6

The register estimation

Bases on different information in several registers The aim is to estimate for each statistical unit the value of

the target variable as close to the statistical concept and definition as possible

This is done by using all the existing data available and a set of decision rules to estimate the value of the statistical variable

7.6.2007 B 7

The register estimation

The sources: partial coverage overlapping different degrees of quality supplement each others

The definition takes place in steps The sequence of the steps is based on three principles:

international definitions quality of administrative sources other reasons

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Examples of using register data in statistics compilation

defining the families defining the person’s main type of activity

7.6.2007 B 9

Definition of family (1)

A family consists of a married, cohabiting or registered couple and their children living together; or either of the parents and his or her children living together; or a married, cohabiting or registered couple without children.

Persons living in the household-dwelling unit who are not members of the nuclear family are not included in the family population, even if they are related, unless they form their own family. Brothers and sisters or cousins living together are not a family and do not belong to the family population. The same applies to people who live alone.

7.6.2007 B 10

Definition of family (2)

Families living in residential homes are included in the family population. In contrast, persons who live in institutions are not included.

A family can consist of no more than two successive generations. If the household-dwelling unit comprises more than two generations, the family is formed starting from the youngest generation. This means, for example, that a mother-in-law or father-in-law living with their child's family will not be included in the family population unless they live together with their spouse, in which case the old couple form their own

family.

7.6.2007 B 11

Definition of child

In the family statistics children comprise the following persons living with their parents:

biological children adopted children and biological children and adopted children of one of the spouses

Foster children and children in the care of the family are not classified

as children.

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Computerised forming of families (1)

• Population is sorted by domicile code (DC). DC (23 digits) identifies a dwelling

004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 A Person 1004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 A Person 2004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 A Person 3004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 A Person 4004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 A Person 5004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 A Person 6

004 002 0001 0001 1 002 A001 A Person 1004 002 0001 0001 1 002 A001 A Person 2004 002 0001 0001 1 002 A001 A Person 3

004 002 0001 0001 1 002 A002 A Person 1

etc.

992 111 0111 0001 1 019 A020 A Person 1

Household 1

Household 2

Household 3

Household N

Mun

icip

ality

Build

ing

Entra

nce

& flat

Flat

div

ider

Rea

l est

ate

Che

ck c

ode

Village

Block

7.6.2007 B 13


The computer program inserts into a table the inhabitants of one household-dwelling unit.

The record of each person includes the personal identification codes (PIN) of his or her parents, married spouse and all born and adopted children.

The computer program forms families by comparing the PINs of the persons living permanently in the same household-dwelling unit.

7.6.2007 B 14


Household 1:004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 AGrandfather004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 AGrandmother004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 ASon 1004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 ASon 2004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 AHis wife004 001 0001 0001 1 001 A001 ATheir child

Household 2:004 002 0001 0001 1 002 A001 AHusband004 002 0001 0001 1 002 A001 AWife004 002 0001 0001 1 002 A001 AHer mother

Family 2

Family 1

Family 1

Not a family member

7.6.2007 B 15


After forming a possible married family the program identifies as a cohabiting couple a man and woman living together in the same dwelling if:

- both are aged 18 or over- their age difference is less than 16 years- they are not siblings

The program also identifies reconstituted families by comparing the PINs of the children and parents of each person in the same dwelling.

7.6.2007 B 16

Definition of the main type of activity

Labour forceemployedunemployed

Persons outside the labour force0-14-year oldsstudentsconscriptspensionersother persons outside the labour force

7.6.2007 B 17

Defining the main type of activity (1)

A cross-sectional data for the last week of the year The validity of the data in the last week of the year is not

totally certain for all data Nearly 30 different registers are used The classified population diminishes after each category

until all the persons have been classified to some group

7.6.2007 B 18

Defining the main type of activity (2)

The decision rules were formed by utilising the parallel statistics of the 1985 Census for testing the decision in different ways and in different order

The aim was to come up with such decision rules that 1) the numbers of persons in different groups would be as close as possible to the data in the questionnaire-based census 2) the proportion of those belonging to the same group would be as high as possible

7.6.2007 B 19

Defining the main type of activity (cont.)

STEP 1 All persons under fifteen year of

age

0-14-year-olds

=>

• 17.5 % of the population (in 2004)

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STEP 2 All persons over 74 years

7.3 % of the population (in 2004) Pensioners

=>

7.6.2007 B 21


STEP 3 All those who according to the

Ministry of Labour's register on job applicants were unemployed the last weekday of the year

5.7 % of the population (in 2004)Unemployed

=>

7.6.2007 B 22


STEP 4 All those who were on their

military service or non-military service during the last week of the year

0.3 % of the population (in 2004) Conscripts

=>

7.6.2007 B 23


STEPS 5 - 7 Persons who have only a valid self-

employment pension’s insurance during the last week of the year (4.1 % )

Persons who have both a valid self-employment pension’s insurance and employment pension insurance (employee relationship) and whose entrepreneurial income is larger than earned income (0.2 %)

Persons who according to registers do not have a valid employment relationship but whose entrepreneurial income is higher than EUR 810 and larger than earned income and the person is not retired (0.2 %)

Entrepreneurs

=>

7.6.2007 B 24


STEPS 8 - 9 Persons who have a valid

employment pension insurance and who have earned income (37.8 %)

Persons who do not have employment relationship data but who are employed with labour policy measures (0.1 %)

Employees

=>

7.6.2007 B 25


STEPS 10 - 13 Persons who according to the

student register study full-time in the autumn term (6.0 %)

Those 15-year-olds who were not classified into any other group at earlier stages (1.1 %)

Persons in labour market training in the last week of the year (0.3 %)

Persons who have received study aid either in the autumn term or both in the spring and autumn terms (0.2 % ) Students

=>

7.6.2007 B 26


STEPS 14 - 15 Persons who at the turn of the year

receive old-age, disability, unemployment or special farmers’ pension (14.8 % )

All those whose pension is higher than their income from work and above EUR 580 and the pension is not a survivor's pension or part-time pension (0.2 %)

=>

Pensioners

7.6.2007 B 27


STEP 16 Persons whose earned income is

higher than entrepreneurial income and over EUR 5600 per year and who were not classified into any other group at earlier stages

0,8 % of the population (in 2004)

=>

Employees

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STEP 17 Persons who do not meet any of

the above criteria

3.4 % of the population (in 2004)

=>

Other persons outside the labour force

7.6.2007 B 29

Data quality

Municipal pilot study based on 1980 Population Census Register-based statistics in connection with 1985 census Evaluation study of the 1990 census Continuous quality assessment

Labour force survey as reference materialTwo purposes:

monitoring of the level of the results monitoring of the extent to which the methods produce data

classified in the same manner

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Monitoring of the extent to which the methods produce data classified in the same manner

to identify errors in data processing to identify situations requiring a change in decision rules to check the level of results

7.6.2007 B 31

Main type of activity of the population according to the registers and questionnaire in 1985 census (percentages)

Register QuestionnaireTotal Em-

ployedUnem-ployed

Stu-dents

Pensio-ners

Others

Total 100,0 57,5 3,5 9,4 23,7 5,9Employed 100,0 93,7 0,6 2,1 1,0 2,6Unemployed 100,0 17,7 70,3 1,3 2,6 8,1Students 100,0 3,5 1,1 90,7 0,2 4,5Pensioners 100,0 2,4 0,2 0,2 94,5 2,9Others 100,0 24,6 9,7 5,1 3,3 57,2

7.6.2007 B 32

Main type of activity of the population according to the register based census and evaluation study 1990 (percentages)

Evaluation study (questionnaire)Total Em-

ployedUnem-ployed

Stu-dents

Pensio-ners

Others

Total 100,0 61,4 4,0 9,7 20,4 4,5Employed 100,0 93,2 1,0 2,4 1,5 1,9Unemployed 100,0 24,5 68,9 2,2 1,3 3,2Students 100,0 10,3 1,6 85,8 0,6 1,6Pensioners 100,0 3,2 0,3 0,3 94,8 1,4Others 100,0 20,5 10,4 9,4 4,8 54,9

Census (register)

7.6.2007 B 33

Main type of activity by questionnaire and by register 1985

Employed Unemployed Students Pensioners Others0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000Thousands

Questionnaire -85 Register -85 Evaluation study -85

7.6.2007 B 34

Main type of activity by questionnaire and by register 1990

Employed Unemployed Students Pensioners Others0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000Thousands

Evaluation study -90 Register -90 LFS

7.6.2007 B 35

Employed according to the Labour Force Survey and Register-based Employment Statistics 1989-2003

19891990 1995 2000 2003

Year

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000Thousands

LFS RES

7.6.2007 B 36

Persons according to the Register-based Employment Statistics (RES) and Labour Force Survey (LFS) on December 2002 (persons)

Total Em-ployed

Unem-ployed

Stu-dents

Pensio-ners

Cons-cripts

Others Non response

Total 12 308 6 194 489 1 097 2 136 55 474 1 863Employed 7 079 5 809 39 103 51 2 78 997Unemployed 886 118 345 15 33 1 186 188Students 1 302 92 66 953 12 3 33 143Pensioners 2 460 95 4 3 2 000 - 10 348Conscripts 52 - 1 - - 47 - 4Others 529 80 34 23 40 2 167 183

LFSRES

7.6.2007 B 37

Persons according to the Register-based Employment Statistics (RES) and Labour Force Survey (LFS) on December 2002 (percentages)

Total Em-ployed

Unem-ployed

Stu-dents

Pensio-ners

Cons-cripts

Others Non response

Total 100,0 50,3 4,0 8,9 17,4 0,4 3,9 15,1Employed 100,0 82,1 0,6 1,5 0,7 0,0 1,1 14,1Unemployed 100,0 13,3 38,9 1,7 3,7 0,1 21,0 21,2Students 100,0 7,1 5,1 73,2 0,9 0,2 2,5 11,0Pensioners 100,0 3,9 0,2 0,1 81,3 .. 0,4 14,1Conscripts 100,0 - 1,9 - - 90,4 - 7,7Others 100,0 15,1 6,4 4,3 7,6 0,4 31,6 34,6

LFSRES

7.6.2007 B 38

Unemployed according to the LFS and the RES 1989-2003

1990 1995 2000 2003

Year

0

100

200

300

400

500

600Thousands

LFS RES

7.6.2007 B 39

Unemployed according to the RES and LFS in December 2002

Unemployed in RES 886 Unemployed in LFS 489

Unemployed in both statistics:

345

Of which in LFS:

Employed 118Students 15Pensioners 33Others 187Non response 188

Of which in RES:

Employed 39Students 66Pensioners 4Others 35

Target population: LFS sample in December 2002, 12 497 persons

7.6.2007 B 40

Use of interview survey data with data from administrative sources (1)

The role of register data sampling primary data collection editing and imputing weighting quality control

Basic principles informed consent ethics

7.6.2007 B 41

Use of interview survey data with data from administrative sources (2)

long traditions especially demographic data and income data

Why? need for data of high quality request for cost effectiveness risk of growing non-response

7.6.2007 B 42

New statistics made possible by the use of registers

For instance: Flow statistics

employment flowsstudent flowsflows between branches of industry etc.

Placement statistics Longitudinal researches

7.6.2007 B 43

Qualification of father

% of children at university

Qualification of father 2= below upper secondary educationUpper secondary qualification 3 = lower level 4 = upper levelTertiary education 5= vocational college qualification 6= lower university degree 7= higher university degree 8= doctorate-level degree

University students aged 20-24 according to the level of educational attainment of father in 1995

7.6.2007 B 44

Progress of studies in higher university programmes (Master's degree) of those who entered education in 1995 by end-2003, %

Source: Education Statistics, Employment Statistics, Statistics Finland

Higher university degree

(Master)56%

Other degree3%

Lower university degree (Bachelor)

9%

No degree32%

2

6

Studied in other education

Did not study, employed

In other activity

Studied in university21

2Did not study, unemployed1

7.6.2007 B 45

Source: Education Statistics, Employment Statistics, Statistics Finland

21,6 21,7 21,1 20,2 20,5

33,5 34,7 35,4 37

45,949,5 51 50,2 50,8 52,7

57,6 57,8 55,9 55,7 56,9

2000 2001 2002 2003 20040

10

20

30

40

50

60

70%

Upper secondary general education

Vocational education (a change in coverage 2003->2004)

Polytechnic education

University education

Proportion of employed students during studies by sector of education 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004, %

7.6.2007 B 46

Employment rate of persons graduated of healthcare in the first stage of tertiary education (nurses, midwives, laboratorian etc.) in 1989-2003 by year of graduation

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

year

0

20

40

60

80

100employment rate, %

Year of graduation1989 1991 1993 1995

7.6.2007 B 47

History of Employment1950,1970,75,80,85,87-2004

Unem-ployed

Pensioners

Students

Housework

Children

Industry

Level of ed.Field of ed.

Deaths and the history of different activities

Deaths1971-2005by causes of death

Immigr.Births

Occupation Socio/econIncomes

Completed educ.

Family background

RegionIncome level

7.6.2007 B 48

UNEMPLOYED

50 897

33 15833 117

6 774

83 896

95 791

14 159

Employed2 283 913

Employed2 245 780

2 035 543

47 635

5 87

3

STUDENTS

PENSIONERS

EMIGRANTSDied persons IMMIGRANTS

To where?

31.12.

200331.12.

2004

OTHERS(Homework, conscripts)

Flows between different activity groups: Employeed 2003-2004

7.6.2007 B 49

Persons left their job by the next year activity

49988

45389

73095

168269

191467

172721

106308

113034

112220

83696

88110

91871

80675

91957

106274

46500

55174

55977

59436

41404

41375

31485

37949

34190

41190

32951

45143

47981

48632

55499

64084

62420

67030

58261

52143

47991

36904

37725

33654

38627

29484

41103

41261

44175

45646

41455

49497

49647

45138

41910

51522

38441

37964

34456

26935

26761

32931

32987

39616

36066

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000

Unemployed

Student

Other

Pensioner

60425

58362

44193

46483

83714

93407

148460

126951

114268

127326

110348

101296

103534

84030

111383

93647

92833

87062

66071

51143

42832

61293

71133

79011

80534

108970

94721

94578

91439

92528

72073

73514

66005

50603

33538

34111

36377

37926

40131

41353

49588

46089

51829

49951

51718

9550

8323

7024

4812

3812

6550

5111

5163

5302

6612

9007

6582

7631

5720

6131

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000

Unemployed

Students

Others

Pernioners

New employed persons by the previous year activity

7.6.2007 B 50

More information

http://www.stat.fi/censusbyregisters

use of the administrative data in population censuses

Documents

registeruse of register

income data

data content

data suppliersan amendment

register estimationbases

existing data available

persons demographic

family population