USHC-2USHC-2The Student will demonstrate an

understanding of the establishment of the United States

as a new nation.

Revising the Revising the Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

• Spring 1787

• Rhode Island did not attend – Could not be amended

• New plan had to be written

Constitutional ConventionConstitutional Convention

Compromises• Virginia Plan vs. New Jersey Plan

– Virginia Plan based on Population– New Jersey Plan wanted equal votes for states– Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)

• Bicameral legislature

• Slave vs. Free states– 3/5ths Compromise

• 3/5ths for representation and taxation, but no taxes levied

– 20 years compromise on the issue of slavery• Ended the slave trade in 1808

Fears of Federation Fears of Federation AddressedAddressed

• Many people (Like Jefferson) felt that the new constitution gave the government to much power.

• Certain aspects were addressed by:– Checks and Balances– Congress is strongest part of

government.– Presidents have 4 year terms– Electoral College

RatificationRatification

• State Conventions• Federalists- Supporters• Anti-Federalists-Wanted stronger

state governments• Federalists Papers- Alexander

Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison

• Bill of Rights Demanded

Bill Of RightsBill Of Rights

• Gave specific rights to citizens• Limited the power of the

Government.• Helped satisfy the Anti-Federalists

Review of What You Should Review of What You Should Already KnowAlready Know

Current GovernmentCurrent Government

Executive

Current GovernmentCurrent Government

Legislative

Current GovernmentCurrent Government

Judicial

Line of SuccessionLine of Succession

Early American LeadersEarly American LeadersJohn Adams

•1774-1777 Served as Massachusetts delegate to the Continental Congress.

• 1776 Helped draft the Declaration of Independence.

•1782-1783 Helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris, which ended the American War of Independence.

•1789-1796 Served as vice president under George Washington.

• 1797-1801 President of the United States.

Early American LeadersEarly American LeadersThomas Jefferson

•1775-1776 Served as a delegate to the Second Continental Congress.

• 1776 Drafted and signed the Declaration of Independence.

•1789-1793 Served as secretary of state under George Washington.

• 1793-1801 Served as vice president under John Adams.

• 1801-1809 President of the United States.

Early American LeadersEarly American LeadersAlexander Hamilton

•The first secretary of the treasury .

•New York delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787

•Fought for a very strong Federal Government

•One of the authors of The Federalist Papers, 1788

State ConstitutionsState Constitutions

• States change from Charters to Constitutions

• Strong Legislative Branch

Economic CrisisEconomic Crisis

• British cut off Trade (short term)• Depression• Shay’s Rebellion 1786-87

– Farmers march on courts– Rich want strong federation– Farmers fear strong federation

Early American LeadersEarly American LeadersJohn Marshall

• Served in the United States House of Representatives from March 4, 1799, to June 7, 1800

•Secretary of State from June 6, 1800, to March 4, 1801

•Chief Justice of the United States, serving from February 4, 1801, until his death in 1835.

•He established that the courts are entitled to exercise judicial review, the power to strike down laws that violate the Constitution.

MARBURY v. MADISON MARBURY v. MADISON

• The Supreme Court Ruled that Judiciary Act of 1801was unconstitutional.

• Established Judicial Review • Helped to solidify Checks and

Balances

http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/marbury.HTML