using enhanced recovery after surgery (eras) protocols to ... · children’s healthcare of atlanta...
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Using Enhanced
Recovery after
Surgery (ERAS) to
Improve Pediatric
General Surgery
Outcomes
Kurt Heiss MDProfessor of SurgeryEmory HealthcareMedical Director of QualityChildren’s Healthcare of Atlanta
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Front Band for the Stones…
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Objectives
ERAS Purpose
Adult Results
Components
ERAS and Safety
Change Management
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Asking the right questions….
What did you notice?
What did you learn?
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Let’s start with a pt presentation
• JG is 16 w Crohns
• Dense TI stricture
• Poor nutrition Alb 2.8
• Seen in clinic, overview
• Protein shakes
• ERAS/LEGO video and reading material
• Oral abx pre op day
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Patient Presentation
• Fasted solids p MN, arrived drinking clears
• Operation started at 6 pm instead of 2!!
• Clears while waiting
• Pre op Tylenol,
Gaba load dose
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Patient Presentation
• TAP block - IV abx
• Single site procedure
• < 4 cc/kg/hr IVF
• Closing protocol - new instruments, gloves
• MMA – Triple Drug Rx
• Drank that night
• POD 1 morning –
Hep locked IV
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Patient Presentation
• Ate solids
• Great pain control.
• Walked
• Got Dulcolax, had BM
• DC POD1 night
• So,… 24 hour colectomy
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
The “24 hour ileocecectomy”
You may have noticed…
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
The “24 hour ileocecectomy”
“Optimization” w enteral protein shakes for albumin = 2.8
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
The “24 hour ileocecectomy”
“Optimization” w TPN for albumin = 2.8
Clinic visit.
Phone instruction. Homework – written/videos
Pre Op Clinic
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
The “24 hour ileocecectomy”
“Optimization” w TPN for albumin = 2.8
Clinic visit. Phone instruction. Homework.
Oral abx. No fasting.
Pre op Gabapentin/Tylenol
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
The “24 hour ileocecectomy”
“Optimization” w TPN for albumin = 2.8
Clinic visit. Phone instruction. Homework.
Oral abx, limited fasting, pre op Gaba and Tylenol
TAP block
GD Fluids < 4 cc/kg/hr
No catheters
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
The “24 hour ileocecectomy”
“Optimization” w TPN for albumin = 2.8
Clinic visit. Phone instruction. Homework.
Oral abx, limited fasting, pre op Gaba and Tylenol
TAP block, GD Fluids < 4 cc/kg/hr No catheters.
SS ileocecectomy
Scheduled oral meds post op
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
The “24 hour ileocecectomy”
“Optimization” w TPN for albumin = 2.8
Clinic visit. Phone instruction. Homework.
Oral abx, limited fasting, pre op Gaba and Tylenol
TAP block, GD Fluids < 4 cc/kg/hr No catheters.
SS ileocecectomy.
Scheduled oral meds post op
Drank, ate, ambulate POD 0.
Dulcolax -> BM.
Met Goals - POD 1
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“Why is the patient still in the hospital?”
Poor mobility and function, no return of bowel function…
Kehlet et al.. Br J Surg. 1999 Feb;86(2):227-30
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
ERAS – A Paradigm shift
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
ERAS Paradigm shift
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
ERAS Paradigm shift
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
ERAS Paradigm Shift – Repeat….
• Multidisciplinary efforts
• Maintaining homeostasis
• Minimizing metabolic stress
• Pre-, intra-, post-op guidelines
• Return to function
• Reduced LOS and complications
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Objectives
ERAS Purpose
Adult Results
Components
ERAS and Safety
Change Management
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Why ERAS?? – Start w “why”
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Reduced LOS
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
No increase in readmissions
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Eras today
• 13 Randomized Controlled Trials
– Hundreds of publications
• .
(www.erassociety.org)
• ERAS results in:
– 2-3 day reduction in the length of
stay
– Decreased complications
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Objectives
ERAS Purpose
Adult Results
Components
ERAS and Safety
Change Management
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory UniversityCrit Care Clinics 26 (2010): 527-47
Postoperative Preoperative
Intraoperative
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Fluid/ electrolytes/
nutritional status
Crit Care Clinics 26 (2010): 527-47
Postoperative Preoperative
Intraoperative
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Return of function
Crit Care Clinics 26 (2010): 527-47
Postoperative Preoperative
Intraoperative
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Pain control
Crit Care Clinics 26 (2010): 527-47
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Less Pain – MIS and Regional Blocks
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Scheduled Multi-Modal Analgesia (MMA)
Scheduled
Tylenol
Ibuprofen 10/kg/dose QID
Gabapentin
5 mg/kg/dose TID
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Prevention of complications
Crit Care Clinics 26 (2010): 527-47
Postoperative Preoperative
Intraoperative
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Closing Protocol
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
IOM 6 Domains of Quality
• Safe
• Timely
• Efficient
• Effective
• Equitable
• Patient Centered
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Recovery Goals
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Objectives
ERAS Purpose
Adult Results
Components
Pediatric Results
Change Management
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
ERAS ComplianceDecreased LOS
48
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Improvement in Secondary Outcomes
49
Intraoperative Fluid Received Intraoperative Narcotics Received
Postoperative Narcotics Received Time to Regular Diet
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
No Increase in Readmission or
Complication Rates
50
17%
11%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Complication Rate 30-day Readmission Rate
Pre-ERAS
Post-ERAS
23%
21%
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
ERAS-UNC
APSA
IB
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Langenbecks Arch Surg (2009) 394:529–533
• Tried in all pediatric surgery cases
• Worked for 30% of pediatric surgery cases
• Variable compliance
• Parents like it!!!
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
PittCH ERAS - Same Day GB DC’s
Before
Implementation
Full
Implementationp-value
Mean surgery
start time
12:22 PM
(7:40 AM – 7:03 PM)
10:37 AM
(7:45 AM – 6:19 PM)<<0.01
Mean operative
time (hours)
1.17
(0.43 - 2.97)
1.22
(0.33 - 2.90)0.78
Mean length of
stay (hours)
27.5
(10.5 - 48.6)
13.6
(0.4 - 52.9)<<0.01
Same day
discharge rate2 (1.9%) 112 (77.2%) <<0.01
ED 30-day return
visit rate
Total visits 12 (11.4%) 14 (9.7%) 0.52
Surgery-related
visits8 (7.6%) 12 (8.3%) 1
30 day re-
admission rate6 (5.7%) 3 (2.1%) 0.17
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Effectiveness of gabapentin as a
postoperative analgesic in children
undergoing appendectomy - BAPS
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Faster time to
pain score
<< 3
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
ERAS and bariatric surgery in
adolescent patients
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Pediatric Cleft
Palate ERAS
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
176
305
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
mL
Control Patients
ERAS Patients
Total PO on POD 0
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Average LOS decreased by 37.4% in the ERAS
protocol
1.9
1.19
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
Days
Control Patients
ERAS Patients
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
3.67
0.53
2.7
0.07 0.07 00
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Intraop PACU Postop
ControlPatients
ERAS Patients
Average Perioperative Narcotic Use (mg)
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
CHOA ERAS
Thyroidectomies
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Objectives
ERAS History
Adult Results
Components
Pediatric Results
Change Management
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
The ERAS and The Matrix at 20….
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Horizontal –NPO,Opioid,Block work
across all specialties
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Vertical: Specialty-specific Protocols
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Dealing with Resistance….
ERAS can be “Vertical” or “Horizontal”
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Variation in utilization of narcotics
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Percent umbilical hernia repair patients with opioid Rx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12. 13 14 15 16
Deidentified Surgeons
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Changing Practice…
Changing Behavior, Results
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
This is a Team Sport
Get Nursing on
board
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
This is a Team Sport
Get Anesthesia on board
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
ERAS Protocol Adjustments
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Dealing with Resistance to Change
• Build the team
• Collect some data
• Anticipate the Speed Bumps
• Focus on Purpose
• Deal with the “why”
• Work with Silos
• Develop protocols with other divisions
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Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta | Emory University
Pass baton to Dr George….