Using Integrated Industrial Using Integrated Industrial Waste Management System Waste Management System

to Develop and Promote to Develop and Promote Urban Sustainable Urban Sustainable

DevelopmentDevelopment

Wenxin ZhangWenxin Zhang

Department of Civic DesignDepartment of Civic Design

University of LiverpoolUniversity of Liverpool

• Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development

• ““development that meets the needs of the present widevelopment that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations tthout compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needso meet their needs ” (WCED, 1987) ” (WCED, 1987)

Research Background

An overarching set of objectives An overarching set of objectives that can be used to help to guide that can be used to help to guide the design and implementation of the design and implementation of a wide range of strategies and a wide range of strategies and programsprograms

Spatial Dimensions of Spatial Dimensions of Sustainable Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment

WorldContinent

country

Region

City

Community

Urban

Sustainable Development

City

Transport intensity Access to resources

Environment

Water, air Energy, fossil nuclear Land, soil

Economy

Availability of production factors Competition, in order to secure

Social

Public Participation Human development

• AimAim– To identify and assess the factors To identify and assess the factors

which determine the success or which determine the success or failure of the failure of the

adopted by industrial activities which adopted by industrial activities which contribute to contribute to

Research Aim

environmental management approaches

urban sustainable development

Research Research ObjectivesObjectives

• 1. 1. To identify and assess the influence exerted by To identify and assess the influence exerted by the introduction of environmental management the introduction of environmental management techniques of industrial activities upon urban sustechniques of industrial activities upon urban sustainable developmenttainable development

• 2.To develop and apply theoretical and practical 2.To develop and apply theoretical and practical explanations for the variable progress of the contexplanations for the variable progress of the contribution made by industrial activities to urban suribution made by industrial activities to urban sustainable development stainable development

• 3.To develop and enable the introduction of appr3.To develop and enable the introduction of appropriate methods and techniques which can assisopriate methods and techniques which can assist in improving the contribution of industrial activt in improving the contribution of industrial activities to urban sustainable development.ities to urban sustainable development.

Opportunities to Urban

Sustainable Development Industrial

Waste Management

Economic Benefits• Reduce waste treatment cost• energy saving

Environmental benefits• Reduce ecological effects• Better environment

Social Benefits Improve the relationship and

promote partnerships

Use the case of industrial Use the case of industrial

wastewaste managementmanagement

New waste management New waste management approaches across the worldapproaches across the world

Data

Regulation

Market-based Instruments

“3R” Approach

Eco-industry

Waste Management Hierarchy

Integrated industrial waste Integrated industrial waste management systemmanagement system

Stakehol ders Envi ronment Agency Regi onal Assembl y Local Authori t i es Pl anni ng Authori t i es

Generati on Col l ecti on Transportati onTreatment and

Di sposal

Reducti on Re-use Recycl i ng Recovery

Waste System El ements

AspectsPol i cy FrameworkI nsti tuti onal StructureTechnol ogy and Faci l i t i esI nvestment

Del i ver

UrbanSustai nabl e

020000400006000080000

100000120000

10000tonnes

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Year

Industrial waste generation andmanagement in China

Vol um of i ndustri al waste producedvol um of i ndustri al waste reused

Different approaches to waste management systems in China

Waste Management Laws Waste Management Laws and Regulations in Chinaand Regulations in China

• Response Response and and compliance compliance to to InternationInternational al AgreementAgreementss

Departmental rules, technology standard

National Environmental Protection Act

National Solid Waste Pollution Prevention Act

Medical Waste Management Regulation

Nuclear Medical Waste Management Regulation

Hazardous Waste Management Licenses Regulation

Industrial Waste Management Policy System

State Government

Provincial Government State Environmental Protection Administration of China(SEPA)

Construction Department

Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau

Provincial Construction Department

City Environmental Protection Bureau

City sanitation Department

Department of Pollution Control

Division of Waste Management

City Construction Department

Division of Urban environment

1.Monitor and manage industrial waste resources, Waste Disposal Planning2.Hazardous Waste Management3.Selection of landfill site, environmental evaluation and examination4.Inspection of waste disposal facilities5.Take part in the approval process of important construction project

Waste collection, transportation, and storage

In charge of waste pollution prevention and monitor across the whole country1.Policy and regulation making2.National waste management Planning3.Establish the inspection network of waste management4.Take part in the approval process of important construction project

In charge of the public environment management in national scale1.Policy and regulation making2.Set up technical criteria3.Public awareness improvement4Monitor of urban public environment

City Waste Management Center

•Is it possible to evaluate the chief Is it possible to evaluate the chief commonalities and differences in the commonalities and differences in the way industrial waste management way industrial waste management options have been adopted in options have been adopted in different cities?different cities?

•Method: Case StudyMethod: Case Study

•Pilot case in the UK : PrestonPilot case in the UK : Preston

•Positive case, Negative case and Positive case, Negative case and Average case in ChinaAverage case in China

Quantitative data

collection

Site survey

Questionnaires

Interviews

- Economic data- Industry data- Urban environmental management data- Companies waste

production and management data

- Waste Recycling Process- Eco-industry cases-Waste industry- Waste landfill and incineration facilities

- To representative samples of local authorities, environment agencies, industry and waste industry etc

- Fixed-choice- Semi-structured- Informal-Comment collection from key related organisations

Main Case Main Case Study MethodsStudy Methods

Data Collection Framework

Quantitative data Qualitative data

Generation of industrial waste

Relationship between economic growth

and industrial waste production

Destination use of waste

Expenditure and investment

on waste management

Percentages of companies With

good waste management performance

Local waste management strategy

Regulatory instruments

Employment on waste management

Responsibility of each stakeholders

Partnership among local authorities,

business and voluntary sectors

Commonalities and DifferencesCommonalities and Differences of integrated industrial waste of integrated industrial waste management in different citiesmanagement in different cities

How to find ways to How to find ways to encourage all relevant encourage all relevant

Groups to work together toGroups to work together to improve waste management improve waste management

in order to achievein order to achieve urban sustainable urban sustainable

developmentdevelopment

Reasons for different Reasons for different levels of industriallevels of industrial

waste management waste management performanceperformance

Data Collection andData Collection and Empirical AnalysisEmpirical Analysis

Main Comparative Main Comparative PointsPoints

• Management Organisation StructureManagement Organisation Structure• Management tools to encourage industrial wManagement tools to encourage industrial w

aste reductionaste reduction• Development of ecological industrial parkDevelopment of ecological industrial park• Implementation of urban waste managemenImplementation of urban waste managemen

t plant plan• Financial support from city governmentFinancial support from city government• Amount of people (especially management stAmount of people (especially management st

aff) who knows waste management very wellaff) who knows waste management very well

Some Initial IdeasSome Initial Ideas

• Education of waste management employeesEducation of waste management employees• Coherence of planning and waste management stratCoherence of planning and waste management strat

egyegy• Encourage of better practice (e.g. Encourage of better practice (e.g. performing waste performing waste

analyses and inspectionsanalyses and inspections))• providing employee training, addressing public providing employee training, addressing public

concerns, concerns,

• maintaining important records and statistical maintaining important records and statistical datadata

• ………………....

Thank you Thank you

Comment and AdviceComment and Advice

are welcome!are welcome!