using mitigation planning to reduce disaster losses karen helbrecht and kathleen w. smith united...
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Using Mitigation Planning to Using Mitigation Planning to Reduce Disaster LossesReduce Disaster Losses
Karen Helbrecht and Kathleen W. SmithKaren Helbrecht and Kathleen W. SmithUnited States: Federal Emergency Management Agency United States: Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA)(FEMA)
May 7, 2008May 7, 2008
Evolution of Hazard MitigationEvolution of Hazard Mitigation
Large Structural ProjectsLarge Structural Projects Traditional responseTraditional response to floods to floods Focused on Focused on levees, dams, and stream levees, dams, and stream
diversionsdiversions Flood victims receivedFlood victims received disaster relief disaster relief Traditional Traditional approachapproach did notdid not::
– discouragediscourage unwise unwise developmentdevelopment– promote soundpromote sound floodplain managementfloodplain management
Evolution of Hazard MitigationEvolution of Hazard Mitigation
National Flood Insurance National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP)Program (NFIP)
The Need for the NFIPThe Need for the NFIP– Flood losses and Disaster Flood losses and Disaster
relief continued to mountrelief continued to mount– Property owners were Property owners were
unable to buy flood unable to buy flood insurance from insurance insurance from insurance companiescompanies
Congress created the Congress created the NFIP in 1968NFIP in 1968
Evolution of Hazard MitigationEvolution of Hazard Mitigation
Disaster RecoveryDisaster Recovery Communities Communities built backbuilt back the the samesame wayway Same or Same or similar damages sufferedsimilar damages suffered after after
another disasteranother disasterFlood Map
Modernization
Floods
Evolution of Hazard MitigationEvolution of Hazard Mitigation
PreparednessGetting people and equipment ready to quickly and effectively respond to a disaster
RecoveryPutting a community back together after a
disaster
ResponseSaving life and property during and immediately
after a disaster
MitigationSustained actions taken to reduce or
eliminate long-term risk to people and property from hazards and their effects
Evolution of Hazard MitigationEvolution of Hazard Mitigation
ElementsElements of of
MitigationMitigationRisk
ReductionElevation
Acquisition
Retrofitting
Floodplain Management
Risk Analysis
Impact Assessment
Flood Hazard Mapping
Mitigation Planning
Risk Insurance
Strengthening Building Codes
Flood Insurance
Floodplain Management
Hazard Mitigation Hazard Mitigation Planning Planning
Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000– Places new importance on mitigation planningPlaces new importance on mitigation planning– National guidelines for planning National guidelines for planning – Promotes sustainability as a strategy for Promotes sustainability as a strategy for
disaster resistancedisaster resistance
Mitigation PlansMitigation Plans
Encourage sound decision-making based on a Encourage sound decision-making based on a good understanding of hazards and vulnerabilities good understanding of hazards and vulnerabilities of the communityof the community
States must have an approved mitigation plan to States must have an approved mitigation plan to receive non-emergency disaster assistancereceive non-emergency disaster assistance
Communities must have an approved Communities must have an approved local hazard local hazard mitigation planmitigation plan in place to be eligible for project in place to be eligible for project grants under FEMA’s mitigation grant programsgrants under FEMA’s mitigation grant programs
Hazard Mitigation Hazard Mitigation Planning Planning
Local Mitigation PlansLocal Mitigation Plans– Single JurisdictionalSingle Jurisdictional– Multi-Jurisdictional Multi-Jurisdictional
Tribal Mitigation PlansTribal Mitigation Plans State Standard Mitigation PlansState Standard Mitigation Plans State Enhanced Mitigation Plans State Enhanced Mitigation Plans
Four Types of Mitigation Plans
Roles and ResponsibilitiesRoles and ResponsibilitiesAgency RelationshipsAgency Relationships
FEMAHeadquarters
(HQ)
FEMAHeadquarters
(HQ)
State Emergency Management Agencies
(SEMAs)
State Emergency Management Agencies
(SEMAs)
FEMARegional Offices
FEMARegional Offices
LocalJurisdiction
LocalJurisdiction
Local Jurisdiction
Local Jurisdiction
Local Jurisdiction
Local Jurisdiction
Roles and ResponsibilitiesRoles and Responsibilities
State Hazard Mitigation OfficesState Hazard Mitigation Offices
Responsible for implementing planning activities at Responsible for implementing planning activities at the the state and local levelstate and local level including: including:
– preparing and submitting a “standard state plan” (or preparing and submitting a “standard state plan” (or “enhanced state plan”)“enhanced state plan”)
– reviewing, updating, and resubmitting, for FEMA reviewing, updating, and resubmitting, for FEMA approval, the state mitigation plan every three yearsapproval, the state mitigation plan every three years
– conducting preliminary reviews of local DMA 2000 conducting preliminary reviews of local DMA 2000 hazard mitigation planshazard mitigation plans
Roles and ResponsibilitiesRoles and Responsibilities
Local JurisdictionsLocal Jurisdictions Responsible for:Responsible for:
– preparing and submitting a local planpreparing and submitting a local plan– reviewing, updating and resubmitting the mitigation reviewing, updating and resubmitting the mitigation
plan for FEMA approval every five yearsplan for FEMA approval every five years
A local mitigation plan can address:A local mitigation plan can address:– A A single jurisdictionsingle jurisdiction– Multiple jurisdictionsMultiple jurisdictions within a county, watershed, within a county, watershed,
regional planning districtregional planning district
4 Step Planning Process4 Step Planning Process
Organize resourcesOrganize resources
Understand risks and vulnerabilitiesUnderstand risks and vulnerabilities
Prepare the mitigation plan - Identify goals Prepare the mitigation plan - Identify goals and mitigation strategiesand mitigation strategies
Implement the planImplement the plan
Organize ResourcesOrganize Resources
Assess Community Assess Community SupportSupport
Build the Planning Build the Planning TeamTeam
Engage the PublicEngage the Public
Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment
Identify HazardsIdentify Hazards
Profile Hazard EventsProfile Hazard Events
Inventory AssetsInventory Assets
Estimate LossesEstimate Losses
Mitigation StrategyMitigation Strategy
““An Thorough Risk Assessment Leads to an An Thorough Risk Assessment Leads to an Effective Mitigation Strategy”Effective Mitigation Strategy”
Risk Assessment
Update
Mitigation Strategy Changes
Goals, Objectives, & ACTIONS
Reduction in Vulnerability
Mitigation StrategyMitigation Strategy
Develop Mitigation Goals Develop Mitigation Goals and Objectivesand Objectives
Identify and Prioritize Identify and Prioritize Mitigation ActionsMitigation Actions
Implementation StrategyImplementation Strategy
Document the ProcessDocument the Process
Bringing the Plan to LifeBringing the Plan to Life
Adopt the mitigation planAdopt the mitigation plan
Implement the plan recommendationsImplement the plan recommendations
Evaluate planning resultsEvaluate planning results
Revise and update the planRevise and update the plan
Mitigation Planning FactsMitigation Planning FactsTechnical AssistanceTechnical Assistance
How-To GuidesHow-To Guides
Mitigation Planning FactsMitigation Planning FactsTechnical AssistanceTechnical Assistance
Guidance created by FEMA Guidance created by FEMA ((Multi-Hazard Mitigation Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning GuidancePlanning Guidance) provides ) provides interpretation and clarification interpretation and clarification regarding the intent of, and regarding the intent of, and approaches to meeting, the approaches to meeting, the requirements of the Rulerequirements of the Rule
Planning GuidancePlanning Guidance“Crosswalk” “Crosswalk”
ElementElement Location in theLocation in thePlanPlan (section or (section orannex and page #) annex and page #)
Reviewer’s CommentsReviewer’s Comments ScoreScore
N S N S
Does the plan include Does the plan include an an overall summary overall summary description of the description of the jurisdiction’s jurisdiction’s vulnerability vulnerability to each to each hazard? hazard?
Section II, pp. 4-10Section II, pp. 4-10 The plan describes the types of assets that are The plan describes the types of assets that are located within geographically defined hazard located within geographically defined hazard areas as well as those that would be affected by areas as well as those that would be affected by winter storms.winter storms.
Does the plan Does the plan address the address the impact impact of of each hazard on the each hazard on the jurisdiction? jurisdiction?
Section II, pp. 10-20 The plan does not address the impact of two of The plan does not address the impact of two of the five hazards addressed in the plan. the five hazards addressed in the plan.
Required Revisions: Required Revisions: Include a description of the Include a description of the impact of floods and earthquakes on the assets. impact of floods and earthquakes on the assets.
Recommended Revisions: Recommended Revisions: This information can This information can be presented in terms of dollar value or be presented in terms of dollar value or percentage of damage. percentage of damage.
Summary ScoreSummary Score Not MetNot Met
Mitigation PlanningMitigation PlanningSix Years LaterSix Years Later
By May 1, 2004, every State had an By May 1, 2004, every State had an approved planapproved plan
Approved Approved Local Hazard Mitigation Plans Local Hazard Mitigation Plans – Who is covered Who is covered todaytoday??
65 percent of the US population65 percent of the US population
– How many plans How many plans todaytoday?? More than 16,000 jurisdictions More than 16,000 jurisdictions
covered covered
Status of Local Plan ApprovalStatus of Local Plan Approval
U.S. Communities with Approved Mitigation Plans
1446
6001
13147
15979
19125
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Projected
Challenges and OpportunitiesChallenges and Opportunities
Stay engaged in the planning processStay engaged in the planning process Different cultural perspectivesDifferent cultural perspectives Range of capabilitiesRange of capabilities
Challenges and OpportunitiesChallenges and Opportunities
Emergency Managers vs Community Emergency Managers vs Community PlannersPlanners
Integration and consistency of plansIntegration and consistency of plans Accuracy of risk assessment dataAccuracy of risk assessment data
Challenges and OpportunitiesChallenges and Opportunities
Mitigation Actions vs. Mitigation Actions vs. Response ActionsResponse Actions
Think “Outside of the Box”Think “Outside of the Box” To Accomplish Other Local To Accomplish Other Local
GoalsGoals Other Funding SourcesOther Funding Sources
Identify a Identify a comprehensive comprehensive rangerange of Actions of Actions
Challenges and OpportunitiesChallenges and Opportunities
Incorporation of Mitigation Planning into Incorporation of Mitigation Planning into Other Planning MechanismsOther Planning Mechanisms
Analyzing Growth & Development TrendsAnalyzing Growth & Development Trends
Increasing involvement of city officials and Increasing involvement of city officials and the publicthe public
Challenges and OpportunitiesChallenges and Opportunities
Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment
– Ensuring that best available data is used in Ensuring that best available data is used in developing the plandeveloping the plan
– Incorporate any new Scientific Data on HazardsIncorporate any new Scientific Data on Hazards– Incorporate updated loss estimates Incorporate updated loss estimates
What We’ve Learned What We’ve Learned
Be more specific in guidanceBe more specific in guidance– ““What’s the Bottom Line?”What’s the Bottom Line?”
Provide web resources Provide web resources Provide more guidance and toolsProvide more guidance and tools And we’re still learning…And we’re still learning…
Where do we go from here? Where do we go from here?
How can we demonstrate effectiveness of How can we demonstrate effectiveness of plans?plans?– Document actual reduction in damagesDocument actual reduction in damages– Demonstrate continuous improvement in the Demonstrate continuous improvement in the
planning process planning process