using native plant communities as a template for green roof design
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Using Native Plant Communities as a Template for Green Roof Design . Doug Daley, P.E. Environmental Resources Engineering SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse, NY Annual Meeting of the American Ecological Engineering Society June7-9, 2012. Summary. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Using Native Plant Communities as a Template for Green Roof Design
Doug Daley, P.E.Environmental Resources Engineering
SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse, NY
Annual Meeting of the American Ecological Engineering Society June7-9, 2012
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Summary
• Native plant communities are used as the basis for a Proof-of-Concept design approach
• Rooftop growing conditions at SUNY ESF Gateway Building will emulate dune and alvar communities found along the eastern shore of Lake Ontario
• Rooftop system will meet hydrologic performance requirements, support efforts to conserve unique ecological resources, and educate ESF’s broad community, including parents, students, Board, SUNY, municipal officials, designers,…
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Green Roof Design in NY
• NYS Stormwater Management Design Manual: Green Roof (Chapters 4/5)
• Runoff reduction by storage and ET
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Design Components - Functional
• Structural support• Waterproof barrier• Drainage layer (soil) supports vegetation, no
clay, porosity > 15%• Geosynthetic filter fabrics to prevent clogging• Plants with tolerance for regional climate,
harsh rooftop conditions and shallow rooting depth (e.g. alpine, arid)
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Role of Vegetation
• Evapotranspiration• Vegetation on extensive roof captures about 10%
of storm event (Michigan State, VanWoert, et al, 2005, JEQ, 34(3): 1036-1044)
• Medium captures about 50%• Other values
– Aesthetic– Habitat– Conservation
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Green Roof Classes
• Intensive– Wide variety of plant species, including shrubs and trees,
greater diversity of choice– Deeper substrate >4” to 6”– Park-like and accessible
• Extensive– Shallow soil (<=4”)– Herbs, mosses, grasses, sedums (NYSDEC)– “Low” maintenance – 2 visits/year to remove “invasives”
• Native vegetation is recommended (NYSDEC)
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SUNY ESF Gateway Building
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Great Lakes Sand Dunes
• Growing conditions include extreme temperatures, strong winds, shifting sands
American beachgrass, Ammophila breviligulata http://www.seagrant.sunysb.edu/glhabitat/PDFS/ELODWAFactSheetDunePlants.pdf
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Endangered plant species found there:
• Champlain beachgrass (Ammophila breviligulata), • rough avens (Geum laciniatum),• woodland bluegrass (Poa sylvestris), • marsh horsetail (Equisetum palustre), • large twayblade (Liparis liliifolia), • livid sedge (Carex livida), • giant pine drops (Pterospora andromedea) • sand dune willow (Salix cordata).
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Alvar Barrens
• Prairie-like barrens– Flat, thin- to no-soiled, rocky (limestone bedrock)– Grasslands, limestone woodlands, cedar forests,
pavement barrens– Adapted to extreme conditions:
• Shallow soil, regular spring flooding, summer drought
• Local Nature Conservancy efforts at Chaumont Barrens Preserve, Jefferson County– Extend through Michigan
http://www.epa.gov/ecopage/shore/lakeont.html
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Alvar Pavement Barrens
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Plenty of Options for Color and TextureSelected Alvar Species
Agropyron trachycaulum – slender wheatgrass Aquilegia canadensis – wild columbine Artemisa campestris var. caudata – tall wormwood Aster ciliolatus – aster Bromus kalmii – brome grass Carex eburnea – ebony sedge Carex granularis – sedge Carex vulpinoidea – brown fox sedge Danthonia spicata – poverty grass Deschampsia cespitosa – tufted hairgrass Fragaria virginiana –wild strawberry Geum triflorum – prairie smokeJuniperus communis – common juniper Muhlenbergia glomerata – spike or marsh muhly Oligoneuron album – upland white aster Penstemon hirsutus - hairy beardtongueRosa blanda – meadow rose Saxifraga virginiensis – early saxifrage Solidago hispida – goldenrod Solidago nemoralis – gray goldenrod Sporobolus heterolepis – northern prairie dropseedZigadenus elegans var. glaucus – white camas Zizia aurea – golden alexanders
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Green PRoof
• Original design – SUNY CF– Thin soil, sedums
• Uprising– Original thought?– Creative design?– World-class environmental science and design
programs?• Team of ecologists, LA, engineer
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Green PRoof of Concept – Day 13
3” Bed
8” Bed
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Concept – Day 34 (July 19)
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Concept – Day 64 (August 18)
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Dune Willow, Salix cordata (3 months)
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Tall wormwood, Artemisa campestris var. caudata (Day 10-134)
Rapid coverage, great survival
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Sand cherry, Prunus pumila var. depressa
Sand cherry was pruned to reduce competition, and provided great color and cover
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Color/Texture
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June 6, 2012 (Year 3)
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ESF Gateway Building – Green Roof Section
Mirafi G4
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ESF Gateway Bldg – Dune Profile
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MiraDrain G4 Drainage Composite
• Filter fabric• Moisture retention mat• Drainage mat• Protection Fabric• Storage Capacity = 0.32” rain (7.97 L/m2 )(1.63
lb water/SF)• Flow rate = 75 gpm/SF
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Green Roof Runoff Reduction
• Water Quality volume (WQv) = 678 CF
• Storage Volume= 739 + 0 + 132 + 0 = 871 cf
• WQv<Storage
12))()(( ARvPWQv
)(009.005.0 IRv
P (in) = 90% Rainfall Event Number (See Figure 4.1) = 0.9I = Impervious Cover = 100 PercentRv = 0.95 A = site area = 9500 SF Minimum Rv = 0.2 if WQv > RRv
pondingdrainmatdrainlayersoiltotal VVVVV
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Dune and Alvar Plantings
American Beachgrass
Field WormwoodWavy HairgrassCanada Wild Rye
Sand Dune Willow Salix cordata
Eastern Sand Cherry
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Monitoring
• Soil temperature, moisture content• Survival, growth and cover• Pioneers• Precipitation, runoff
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Design and Management Issues
• Designer resistance– Innovative? Need proof of concept– Faith?
• Plant propagation– Sedums are widely available
• Cost – Additional soil, unusual plants and increased structural
loads• Management
– is it a garden, or a native system?
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Summary
• Native plant communities are used as the basis for a Proof-of-Concept design approach
• Rooftop growing conditions at SUNY ESF Gateway Building will emulate dune and alvar communities found along the eastern shore of Lake Ontario
• Rooftop system will meet hydrologic performance requirements, support efforts to conserve unique ecological resources, and educate ESF’s broad community, including parents, students, Board, SUNY, municipal officials, designers,…
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Acknowledgments
• Co-Authors/Investigators/Photographers (SUNY ESF)– Tim Toland– Don Leopold– Terry Ettinger– James Johnson
• SUNY Construction Fund• NY Economic Development• Illustrations: Sea Grant New York