using remote sensing to estimate water resources from glacial melt
DESCRIPTION
Using Remote Sensing to Estimate Water Resources from Glacial Melt. Prof. Kenneth L. Verosub Dept of Geology University of California, Davis ,. Santiago and its mountains. Rivers of Central Chile. Glacial and Snow Melt. Rivers and glaciers . Rio Cruces discharge record. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Using Remote Sensing to Estimate Water Resources
from Glacial Melt
Prof. Kenneth L. Verosub
Dept of GeologyUniversity of California, Davis,
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Santiago and its mountains
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Rivers of Central Chile
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Glacial and Snow Melt
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Rivers and glaciers
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Rio Cruces discharge record
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Center of VolumeSierra Nevada (Calif.)
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Spring Fraction of RunoffSierra Nevada (Calif.)
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Basic Hypothesis:
Riverflows can be measured using only geospatial imagery.
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River Gauge
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Rating Curve
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An Alternate Approach
Measure the width
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River Profile
Use width to determine height from topographic profile.
An Alternate Approach (con’t)
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Q = v A
v = c (RS)1/2
Basic flow equation:
where Q is discharge, v is velocity and A is area
Chezy equation:
where c is a constant, R is hydraulic radius and S is the slope of the channel.
Hydraulic radius is the area divided by the wetted perimeter.
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c = (1/n) R1/6
Q = (1/n) A R2/3 S1/2
Manning Chezy equation:
Manning equation:
where n is the roughness coefficient.
Note: A, R, and S can be determined from detailed topography or a DEM, and n can be estimated visually.
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GeoEye-1
5 spectral bands40 cm resolution (visible)
Commercial
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GeoEye: Coliseum in Rome
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GeoEye: Kansas City Airport
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Obtain topographic maps or DEMs (at low flow) from stereo image pairs, SRTM and/or Lidar.
Determine topographic profile and slope for target site.
Calculate other geometric parameters from width vs. depth relationship.
Use Manning-Chezy Equation (and others) to calculate discharge as a function of width.
Use regular imagery to determine flows at other dates/times.
Basic Methodology
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Width vs. Depth
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Area (A)PerimeterHydraulic Radius (R)Mean Depth (Ym)
Width (W) vs. Depth
Numerical integration of
to obtain
for any given depth.
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Half-width vs. Depth
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Q = (1/n) A R0.67 S0.5
Q = 7.1 A Ym0.67 S0.33
Q = 7.22 W1.02 Ym1.74 S0.33
Q = 4.62 W1.17 Ym1.57 S0.34
Bjerklie et al. equation:
Dingman and Sharma equation:
Manning (Bjerklie) equation:
Manning Chezy equation:
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Mississippi at Thebes
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Mississippi at Thebes
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Mississippi at Thebes
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Mississippi at Thebes
Width vs. Discharge Curve
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6/25/2006
12/27/2003
6/01/2007
3/8/2009
3/18/2006
a
6/4/2010
Cosumnes at Michigan Bar (CA) – Chronological
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6/25/2006
12/27/2003
6/01/2007
3/8/2009
3/18/2006
a
6/4/2010
Cosumnes at Michigan Bar (CA) – Sequential
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6/4/201032
6/25/20066.4
12/27/20039.7
6/01/20072.7
3/8/200929
3/18/200666
a
Cosumnes at Michigan Bar (CA) – Sequential (II)
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a
<=>
<=>
<=>
Cosumnes at Michigan Bar (CA) – Match-ups
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Increase spatial resolution of current monitoring efforts.
Application – Monitoring Rivers
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April 2011 precipitation
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Measuring flows on the Mississippi River
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Increase spatial resolution of current monitoring efforts.
Determine flows for critical times for sites where gauging stations have been lost or abandoned.
Application – Monitoring Rivers
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Gauging stations are few and far between
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Increase spatial resolution of current monitoring efforts.Determine flows for critical times for sites where gauging stations have been lost or abandoned.
Obtain new flow data from physically inaccessible areas, such as high mountains and deserts.
Obtain new flow data from restricted areas, such as military bases and wilderness areas.
Application – Monitoring Rivers
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Mountain runoff is poorly understood.
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Increase spatial resolution of current monitoring efforts.Determine flows for critical times for sites where gauging stations have been lost or abandoned.
Obtain new flow data from physically inaccessible areas, such as high mountains and deserts.
Obtain new flow data from restricted areas, such as military bases and wilderness areas.
Combine with Lidar for total “state of the river” analysis.
Application – Monitoring Rivers
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“State of the River”
Murray-Darling Basin, Australia
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“State of the River”
Murray-Darling Basin
Commission website
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“State of the River”
Yellowstone River Basin Lidar
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“State of the River”
Yellowstone River Lidar corridor
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Application to Chile
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Gauging stations in Bio Bio province
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Period of dicharge record.
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Gracias.