utilization of renewable diesel from crude tall oil in

Utilization of Renewable Diesel from Crude Tall Oil in Light Duty Vehicles

Ville Vauhkonen, UPM Biofuels B. Heuser, VKA,

B. Holderbaum FEV GmbH

3rd TMFB International Conference 2015, Aachen

| © UPM

UPM today

Sales 2014: EUR 10 billion

Personnel: 20,000

Shareholders: approx. 90,000

• Plywood and veneer products

UPM Plywood

• Label materials for product and information labelling

UPM Raflatac

• Magazine papers in Europe and the USA

• Newsprint and fine papers in Europe

UPM Paper ENA

• Fine papers in China and Asia Pacific

• Labelling materials globally

UPM Paper Asia

• Hydro-, nuclear- and condensing power (incl. shares in energy companies)

• Electricity production and trading

UPM Energy

• Pulp • Plantations • Biofuels • Sawmills • Wood sourcing

and Forestry

UPM Biorefining

UPM Biocomposites

UPM Biochemicals

Sales,

EURm

2014

EBITDA

%

UPM

Biorefining 1,937 19

UPM

Energy 464 46

UPM

Raflatac 1,248 9

UPM

Paper Asia 1,124 17

UPM

Paper ENA 5,284 7

UPM

Plywood 440 16

| © UPM

Wood raw material is the basis

of many different businesses at UPM

Bark and branches to

renewable diesel and

energy

Fibres to pulp

Extractives

to renewable diesel

or biochemicals

Logs for sawn goods

and plywood

Fibres to

biofibrils and

biocomposites

Ligning, cellulose or

hemicellulose

to biochemicals

3

| © UPM

Starting point is the extractives

4

| © UPM

UPM BIOFUELS – HYDROTREATED BIOFUELS

UPM invests in wood based renewable

diesel in Lappeenranta

• UPM invests 175 M€ in the world’s first advanced wood based biofuels production in South Eastern Finland, Lappeenranta

• Main product of the biorefinery is renewable diesel, UPM BioVerno

• Raw material is crude tall oil (CTO), which is used in a highly efficient hydrotreatment process

• Technology is based on UPM’s innovations and Biofore strategy inspired long-term development work

5

| © UPM

UPM BIOFUELS – HYDROTREATED BIOFUELS

Raw material: Crude Tall Oil (CTO)

• Residue of chemical pulping process

• Yield 20−50 kg CTO/ton of pulp

• Global production now > 2 000 000 tons/a

- Additional CTO supply potential clearly above

demand globally

- Significant share burnt for energy

• Most of the raw material comes from Finnish pulp mills

• UPM Lappeenranta refinery minor addition

to total demand of crude tall oil

• More efficient use of wood without increasing logging

• UPM is tapping into underutilized lower grade CTO

streams

• UPM biorefinery minor addition to total demand,

no affect on demand-supply balance

Residue

No indirect land-use change

Outside food value chain

6

| © UPM

UPM renewable diesel process

7

| © UPM

Capturing synergies by full integration into

UPM Kaukas mill site in Lappeenranta,

Finland

8

1

2

3

4

5

6

RESEARCH CENTRE

BIOREFINERY

SAW MILL

PAPER MILL

BIOMASS POWER PLANT

PULP MILL

1

3

4

5

6

2

| © UPM

Engine Tests with Renewable Diesel

9 October 2014

| © UPM 3 von 6

Combustion chamber geometry derived from

PSA DV6.

Fuel injection system near to series

production.

Engine Hardware Engine Operating Points

Calibration parameters (intake pressure, inj.

Pressure, etc.) constant for all fuels.

CA50 is kept constant by adjusting SOE for all

fuels.

Ind

ica

te M

ea

n E

ffe

ctive

Pre

ssu

re /

ba

r

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Engine Speed / 1/min

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

Engine Map Full load points Relevant Area NEDC Part load points

LP2: n = 1500 min-1, IMEP = 6.8 bar

LP3: n = 2280 min-1, IMEP = 9.4 bar

LP1: n = 1500 min-1, IMEP = 4.3 bar

LP4: n = 2400 min-1, IMEP = 14.8 bar

| © UPM

Test fuel properties

11 October 2014

Fuel characteristics Unit RF-06-03 CEC B30

UPM BioVerno

B100 UPM

BioVerno

Cetane Index - 52.7 57.4 69.3

Cetane Number - 51.6 55.2 >60

HFRR (60°C) µm 200 317 287*

Kin. viscosity

(40°C)

mm²/s 2.669 2.849 3.34

Flame point °C 67 64 73

Aromatic content % (m/m) 3.8 2.7 0.3

FAME content % (v/v) 0.1 0.1 >0.1

Sulphur mg/kg 6.7 <5 5.1

Oxidation Stability h 10.9 22.5 46.3

c/h/o % (m/m) 86.6/13.6 86/13.8 85.4/14.6

*with lubricity additive

| © UPM

Almost no difference in combustion and emissions characteristics at low part

load operation with RF-06-03, B30 and B100!

n = 1500 1/min, IMEP = 4.3 bar, ISNOx = 0.2 g/kWh

n = 1500 min-1 ; IMEP = 4.3 bar ; w Pilot Injection ; CR = 15pRail = 720 bar ; pexhaust = 1.13 bar ; pintake = 1.07 bar ; Centre of Combustion = 6.6 °CA ATDC

RF-06-03 CEC B30 Bioverno B100 Bioverno

Bu

rnin

g R

ate

/ 1/°

KW

0.00

0.06

0.12

0.18

0.24

0.30

Grad Kurbelwinkel / °KW

160 170 180 190 200 210

Cyli

nd

er

Pre

ssu

re

/ b

ar

20

30

40

50

60

70

Cyli

nd

er

Tem

pera

ture

/ K

500

800

1100

1400

1700

2000


160 170 180 190 200 210

Bu

rned

Mass F

racti

on

/ -

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Crank Angle Degree / °CA Crank Angle Degree / °CA

| © UPM

Almost no difference in combustion and emissions characteristics at low part

load operation with RF-06-03, B30 and B100!

Both the BioVerno blend and the

pure component behave very

similar to conventional reference

fuel

HC-emissions are slightly

reduced with B100 BioVerno due

to reduced ignition delay


RF-06-03

B30 BioVerno

B100 BioVernoIS

HC

/ g

/kW

h

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

CS

L /

dB

77

79

81

83

85

ISP

M /

mg

/kW

h

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

ISC

O

/ g

/kW

h

0

4

8

12

16

Ind

ica

ted

Eff

icie

ncy

/ %

28

32

36

40

44

| © UPM

B30 and B100 show substantial benefits in PM-emissions at high part load

operation compared to RF-06-03!


n = 2400 min-1 ; IMEP = 14.8 bar ; w Pilot Injection ; CR = 15pRail = 1800 bar ; pexhaust = 2.8 bar ; pintake = 2.6 bar ; Centre of Combustion = 10.8 °CA ATDC

RF-06-03 CEC B30 Bioverno B100 Bioverno

Bu

rnin

g R

ate

/ 1/°

KW

0.00

0.06

0.12

0.18

0.24

0.30


160 170 180 190 200 210

Cyli

nd

er

Pre

ssu

re

/ b

ar

0

30

60

90

120

150

Cyli

nd

er

Tem

pera

ture

/ K

500

800

1100

1400

1700

2000


160 170 180 190 200 210

Bu

rned

Mass F

racti

on

/ -

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Crank Angle Degree / °CA Crank Angle Degree / °CA

| © UPM

B30 and B100 show substantial benefits in PM-emissions at high part load

operation compared to RF-06-03!

At high part load operation, the

fuel characteristics are less

important for ignition

Thus, the reduced aromatic

content with B30 and B100 is

beneficial in terms of soot

emissions!


RF-06-03

B30 BioVerno

B100 BioVernoIS

HC

/ g

/kW

h

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

CS

L /

dB

82

84

86

88

90

ISP

M /

g/k

Wh

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

ISC

O

/ g

/kW

h

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

Ind

ica

ted

Eff

icie

ncy

/ %

36

38

40

42

44

| © UPM

Summary

• The UPM BioVerno renewable diesel is a high quality biomass based diesel component

• The physical and chemical characteristics of all tested fuels are very similar => renewable diesel: low aromatics, high cetane & low sulphur

• Engine performance of pure UPM BioVerno, UPM B30, and RF-06-03 are very similar

• The HC- and CO emissions and CSL were reduced throughout the investigations for pure BioVerno w.r.t. RF-06-03

• Tests are being continued with passenger vehicle tests (engine out/tail pipe) by the FEV & VKA

16 October 2014

| © UPM

UPM BIOFUELS

UPM BioVerno – Renewable diesel

RENEWABLE

RAW MATERIAL

100 % CO2 EMISSIONS

(VS. FOSSIL FUEL)

–80 % COMPATIBLE WITH

DIESEL VEHICLES

100 %

18

| © UPM

UPM BIOFUELS

Sustainably Produced Renewable Diesel

Drop-in hydrocarbon - comparable to fossil fuel

Already at the Finnish fuel stations from May 2015 as blending component

Compatible with fossil diesel EN590 standard quality

19

utilization of renewable diesel from crude tall oil in

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