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V2V and V2I Communication 건건건건건 MBC Lab

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Page 1: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V and V2I Communication

건국대학교MBC Lab

Page 2: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

Contents

Projects and Standards

V2V Network Protocols

CALM

WAVE

DSRC

V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

Page 3: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

Page 4: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

Introduction

What is ITS?►Intelligent Transportation Systems►encompass a broad range of wireless and

wireline communications-based information, control and electronics technologies

►can provide :- help monitor - manage traffic flow- reduce congestion- provide alternate routes to travelers- enhance productivity - save lives, time and money

Page 5: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

Introduction

V2V/V2I Service Perspective ITS will be developed into next-generation Navigation, Safety, Convergence & Infotainment Services

- Next-generation Navigation : Provide real time and bi-directional information

- Safety : Anti-collision and safety service in intersection road

- Convergence : Vehicle management and related services

- Infotainment Service : Content download service such as movie and music

V2V/V2I Communication Technology - V2V Multi-hop Communication : Safety, Group communication

- V2I Communication : Convergence, Infotainment service

Page 6: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Communication : Vehicle Multi-hop Networking V2I Communication : Bi-directional Packet

Communication

Introduction

Accident Occur

Emergence Message

Warning Message

Cellular/WiBroBase-station

Probe Data

TSP Server

RSE

Real time

Traffic

Information

V2V

Warning Message

IP Backbone

RSE

RSE : Road Side EquipmentTSP : Telematics Service Provider

V2I GPS

Page 7: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

Introduction (Examples-1)

WISDOM(V2I)

Information

- Data Collection- Information Provision- Provide information to traffic information center

Management

- Traffic signal control (Optimization for bus, emergency car) - Driving speed control

Safety - Accident Avoidance

Page 8: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

Introduction (Examples-2)

VII(Vehicle Infrastructure Integration )► Traffic signal violation warning► Public safety vehicle priority signal activation► Provide traffic information

Page 9: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

DSRC

Page 10: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

DSRC

What is DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications)?

► an Transportation Specific Technology ► a short to medium range (1000m max generally

300m) communications service► supports both Public Safety and Private operations

(roadside to vehicle, vehicle to vehicle communication)

► provide very high data transfer (6-27 Mbps) rates where minimizing latency in the communication link

► Half duplex : One-way at a time► for ITS applications, working in the 5.9 GHz band

(U.S.) or 5.8 GHz band (Japan, Europe)

Page 11: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

DSRC

Technical Characteristics►5.850 to 5.925 GHz►Bandwidth = 75 MHz►Shared, but Transportation is primary

Page 12: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

DSRC

Operating Characteristics►IEEE 802.11p protocol►Vehicle speeds up to 100 mph (160km/h)►Low latency: 50 ms►Application priority: 8 levels►Channel 172: vehicle safety only►Security

- Encrypt using Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

- Road Side Unit (RSU) Authentication- On Board Unit (OBU) Privacy

Page 13: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

DSRC

DSRC Standards►ASTM E2213 : Radio (Data Link) New IEEE

802.11p►IEEE 1609-1 : Application manager►IEEE 1609-3 : Network service►IEEE 1609-4 : Medium Access Control►IEEE 1556 : Security

Page 14: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

WAVE (IEEE 802.11p)

Page 15: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

WAVE

What is WAVE?► IEEE 1609 - Family of Standards for Wireless

Access in Vehicular Environments►Focused on following issues:

- Limitation of the lack of ubiquitous high-speed communications between vehicles and service provider

- Limitation of the lack of homogeneous communications interfaces between different automotive manufacturers

►define an architecture and standardized set of services and interfaces

►enable secure vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)

Page 16: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

WAVE

consists of four standards: ► IEEE P1609.1 - Resource Manager

- specifies the services and interfaces of the WAVE Resource Manager application

ه defines data flows and resourcesه defines command message formats and data storage formats ه specifies the types of devices that may be supported by the

OBU(On Board Unit)

► IEEE P1609.2 - Security Services for Applications and Management Messages

- defines secure message formats and processing

► IEEE P1609.3 - Networking Services - defines network and transport layer services- defines Wave Short Messages

► IEEE P1609.4 - Multi-Channel Operations- provides enhancements to the IEEE 802.11 Media

Access Control (MAC) to support WAVE operations

Page 17: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

WAVE

characteristic►Max. Speed : 200Km/H►1000 m range must support 1 Mbps►Approach : Active►Bandwidth : 75 MHz (5.850 - 5.925 GHz)►Modulation : QPSK OFDM►Channels : 7EA 10 MHz channels►Data Rate :

- 10 MHz Channels : 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 27 Mbps- 20 MHz Channels : 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54

Mbps

►Max Tx Pwr : 28.8 dBm (at the antenna input)►RSU and OBU Sensitivity :

- 82 dBm (QPSK) / - 65 dBm (64QAM)

Page 18: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

WAVE

WAVE : Scope

Page 19: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

WAVE

Protocol StackMLME : MAC Layer Management Entity

PLME : Physical Layer Management Entity

WME : WAVE Management Entity

WSMP : WAVE Short Message Protocol

Page 20: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

WAVE

OSI versus WAVE Model► Draft P802.11p: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments

(WAVE)- Defines the lower layers (PHY and MAC) communications stack

► IEEE Std 1609.4™-2007: Trial-Use Standard for WAVE - Multi-Channel Operation

- Provides frequency band coordination and management within the MAC layer

► IEEE Std 1609.3™-2007: Trial-Use Standard for WAVE - Networking Services

- Specifies operation and management of the communications stack

WAVE Standard

Page 21: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

CALM (Continuous Air interface for Long and Medium range)

Page 22: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

CALM

What is CALM?►Continuous Air interface for Long and Medium

range ►ISO approved framework►Provide heterogeneous packet-switched

communication in mobile environments►CALM framework supports user transparent

continuous communications across various interfaces and communication media (802.11, 802.11p, 802.15, 802.16e, 802.20, 2G/3G/4G cellular systems, national ITS systems)

►being developed by ISO TC204/WG16 – Wide Area Communications

►CALM M5 = CALM - Microwave 5 GHz

CLAM

Page 23: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

CALM

Overall targets►Support continuous communications ►Support ITS services and Internet services►Support of next generation applications:

- Major push in Vehicle Safety Communication- New commercial applications made possible by high

data rate & long range

►Support master/slave and peer-peer modes►Support user transparent networking spanning

multiple media, media providers and beacons►M5: No harmful cross-interference with regional

DSRC standards►M5: Support relevant ASTM / IEEE 802.11 / ETSI

Hiperlan modes

Page 24: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

CALM

ArchitectureCME : CALM Management Entity

SAP : Service Access Point

NME : Network Management Entity

Page 25: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

CALM

CALM Network Scenario(1)

Page 26: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

CALM

CALM Network Scenario(2)

Page 27: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

CALM

Selected CALM media►ISO 21212: 2G Cellular (GSM)►ISO 21213: 3G Cellular (UMTS)►ISO 21214: InfraRed►ISO 21215: M5 (802.11p)►ISO 25112: WiMAX (802.16e)►ISO 25113: HC-SDMA (802.20)►ISO xxxxx: Bluetooth (802.15)►ISO xxxxx: Ethernet (802.3)

Page 28: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

CALM

CALM M5 vs. 802.11p (WAVE)►WAVE PHY/MAC is IEEE 802.11p►CALM M5 incorporates WAVE and adds

following features :- Global (European) 5 GHz spectrum- Regulatory domain (border) management- Directivity and EMC control- Regional DSRC cooperation- Multiple radios/interfaces/antenna

management through network connection- GPRS/UMTS/+++ network interconnectivity

Page 29: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

Page 30: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

Issues of V2V protocols►Mobility

- Highly dynamic, hence An on-going session suffers frequent path breaks

►Bandwidth Constraint- Use the Bandwidth optimally by keeping

the overhead as low as possible

►Error-Prone Shared Radio Channel- Find paths with less congestion

►Hidden and Exposed Terminal problem

Mesh network and MANET routing protocols can solve these issues

Page 31: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

MANET►Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork►IETF Working Group (1997.7)

※Infrastructure-less communication without static base-station or wired backbone network

Backbone Network

< MANET( 이동 애드 - 혹 네트워크 ) >< 일반 무선 네트워크 >

Page 32: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

MANET Characteristic► Cannot assume, that every computer is within communication

range of every other computer

► can connect to Internet by Gateway► every nodes in MANET can be host or router► Dynamic topology ► Self-starting► No administrator► Battery constraint, less computing power and mobility =>

needs another routing protocol different from wired-network

InfrastructureNetwork

Gateway

< Independent > < connected to Infrastructure>

Page 33: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

Wireless Mesh Network

Wireless routers

Gateways

Printers, servers

Mobile clients

Stationary clients

Intra-mesh wireless links

Stationary client access

Mobile client access

Internet access links

Node Types Link Types

Page 34: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

Wireless Mesh Network : Gateways► Multiple interfaces (wired & wireless)► Mobility

- Stationary (e.g. rooftop) – most common case- Mobile (e.g., airplane, busses/subway)

► Serve as (multi-hop) “access points” to user nodes► Relatively few are needed, (can be expensive)

GW

Page 35: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

Wireless Mesh Network : Wireless Routers► At least one wireless interface.► Mobility

- Stationary (e.g. rooftop) - Mobile (e.g., airplane, busses/subway).

► Provide coverage (acts as a mini-cell-tower).► Do not originate/terminate data flows► Many needed for wide areas, hence, cost can be an issue.

Page 36: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

WirelessNetworking

Multi-hop

Infrastructure-less

(ad-hoc)

Infrastructure-based

(Hybrid)Infrastructure-less

(MANET)

SingleHop

Cellular

NetworksWireless Sensor

NetworksWireless Mesh

Networks

Car-to-car

Networks

(VANETs)

Infrastructure-based

(hub&spoke)

802.11 802.16 Bluetooth802.11

Converges Wireless Mesh network and MANET

Page 37: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V and V2I convergence ► V2V Communication : MANET routing protocol► V2I Communication : Mesh network

V2V Network Protocols

Data

TSP Server

RSE

IP Backbone

RSERSE

Data forwarded by MANET Protocol

Vehicles can be a wireless routers

RSE has a roll like a WMN

gateway

What kind MANET Protocol is good for

ITS/Telematics Networking?

Page 38: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

MANET Protocols - proactive and reactive routing Algorithms►Proactive(table-driven)

- maintains fresh lists of destinations - maintains routes by periodically distributing routing

tables - main disadvantages

ه Respective amount of data for maintenanceه Slow reaction on restructuring and failures

►Reactive(on-demand)- finds a route on demand by flooding Route Request

packets- main disadvantages

ه High latency time in route findingه Excessive flooding can lead to network clogging

Page 39: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

MANET – Classification of Ad-hoc Routing Protocols

Page 40: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

MANET – DSDV (Table Driven)►Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector►Keep the simplicity of Bellman-Ford►Avoid the looping problem

- Tag each routing table entry with a Destination sequence number

►Allow fast reaction to topology changes- Make immediate route advertisement on significant changes in

routing table- wait with advertising of unstable routes

►Remain compatible in cases where a base station is available

►Proactive- Each node maintains routing information for all known destinations- Routing information must be updated periodically- Traffic overhead even if there is no change in network topology- Maintains routes which are never used

Page 41: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

MANET – DSDV : Transmitting Route Information► Routing information is transmitted by broadcast► Updates are transmitted periodically or immediately

when any significant topology change is available► Rules to set sequence number information

- On each advertisement increase own destination sequence number (use only even numbers)

- If a node is no more reachable (timeout) increase sequence number of this node by 1 (odd sequence number) and set metric =

► Full dump: all information from the transmitting node► Incremental dump: all information that has changed

since the last full dump► Full dump if incremental dump exceeds one NPDU

(network protocol data unit)

Page 42: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

MANET – DSDV : Route Selection►Update information is compared to own

routing table- Select route with higher destination

sequence number- Select the route with better metric when

sequence numbers are equal.

Page 43: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

MANET – DSDV : Problem►DSDV requires a full dump update

periodically DSDV is not efficient in route updating

►DSDV limits the number of nodes that can join the network

►Whenever topology of a network changes, DSDV is unstable until update packets propagate through the network

►DSDV is effective for creating ad-hoc networks for small populations of mobile nodes

►DSDV is a fairly brute force approach, because connectivity information needs periodical update througout the whole network

Page 44: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

MANET – DSR (On-Demand)►On-demand route discovery

- DSDV is a proactive protocol: maintains all topology information

- DSR is a reactive protocol : maintains active routes - Routes automatically determined and maintained

►No periodic packets => entirely on-demand- E.g. Routing advertisement, Link status sensing,

Neighbour detection packets►Source routing

- sender of a packet determines the complete sequence of nodes to forward the packet

ه No need to maintain information at intermediate nodes

- reaction to topology changes more rapid => node caches multiple routes to destination

ه Avoids need to perform Route Discovery each time a route breaks

Page 45: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

MANET – DSR : main functions► Route Discovery:

- Allows any host to dynamically discover a route to any other host in the ad hoc network.

- A host initiating a route discovery broadcasts a route request packet

- Each route request packet contains a route record- If successful, initiating host receives a route reply packet

ه The route is saved in the cache for future use

► Route maintenance: - Host monitors the correct operation of routes in use

Page 46: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

MANET – DSR : Route Discovery► When node S wants to send a packet to node D, but doesn’t

know route to D, it initiates a route discovery► Source node S floods Route Request (RREQ) ► Each node appends its own address when forwarding RREQ ► When node d receives RREQ it sends RREP to node S

► Duplicate RREQ are discarded

S A

B

C

D

E

F

G

RREQ transmission

Broadcast

RREP transmission

Page 47: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

MANET – DSR : Route Reply (RREP)

►Route Reply (RREP) is sent by reversing the route in Route Request (RREQ)

►An intermediate node having a route to D can also send back a RREP

S A

B

C

D

E

F

G

Broadcast

RREP transmission

RREP [S,A,B,C,D]

Page 48: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

MANET – DSR : Advantages and disadvantages►Advantages

- Reactive: routes maintained only between nodes who need to communicate

- Route caching can reduce route discovery overhead►Disadvantages

- Packet header size grows with route length due to source routing

- Flood of route requests may potentially reach all nodes in the network

- Care must be taken to avoid collisions between route requests and route reply propagated by neighboring nodes

- Route Reply Storm problemه When a node sending RREP hears another RREP with a

shorter routeه Route reply storms also prevented by randomising

delay time before sending route replies

Page 49: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

MANET – AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector)

►Designed for MANETs with 10,000 to 100,000 nodes

► Improves scalability and performance- Reduces dissemination of control traffic- Eliminates overhead on data traffic

►Uses a broadcast route discovery mechanism►Every node maintains two separate counters

- Sequence number- Broadcast-id (RREQ ID)

►Node sequence number ensures loop freedom►Route’s “freshness” is decided by sequence

numbers that each node maintains for all destinations in their routing table

►Only active routes are maintained

Page 50: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

MANET – AODV : Route Discovery►Route discovery is initiated by broadcasting RREQ

- When sender has no route to destination, or - Route to destination is invalid or expired

►RREQ contains last known Dest Seq Num►When an intermediate node receives a RREQ, it

records a “reverse” distance vector back towards the source then broadcasts the RREQ to its neighbors

►A neighbor satisfies the RREQ sends a RREP back to the source

- If an intermediate node is a destination or has a route entry for the destination

►The route reply travels in the “reverse path” set up when the request packet was being forwarded

Page 51: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

MANET – AODV : Route Table

Route Table Entry

Destination IP AddressDestination Seq. NumValid Destination Seq. Num fieldState and routing flagsNetwork InterfaceHop Count (# of hops to destination)Next HopList of PrecursorsLifetime

Route updated whenever node receives new information about the seq. num from RREQ, RREP or RERR

route only updated if the dest seq num is either > dest. seq num in route table seq nums are equal, but the

new hop count + 1 < existing hop count in the routing table

Dest seq num is unknown. Lifetime =

ACTIVE_ROUTE_TIMEOUT

Page 52: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

V2V Network Protocols

Routing protocol Analysis for vehicle Ad-Hoc► requires protocol that can

find path more faster for High-mobility Ad hoc

► Among nowadays routingprotocols, on-demand method has more efficiency but require new routing protocol adopted on V2V environment

Page 53: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

Projects and Standards

Page 54: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

Projects and Standards

Page 55: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

Projects and Standards

Services & Project (Korea)►WISDOM

- WISDOM - Wireless Interface Signal control system for Dynamic and Optimal Management

- Real time signal control - provide information and safety

►Black-Box based emergency service- e-call- ACN service

►U-Traffic related service►UTIS (Urban Traffic Information System)

Page 56: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

Projects and Standards

Standards (Korea)► DSRC

- TTAه ASK -> QPSK

► WAVE- ETRI

ه Planed to make a convergence among cellular and DMB, wireless lan, Advanced Short Range Communication (ADSRC)

ه Planed to make international standard to provide high speed packet service for 5.8 ㎓ ~10 ㎒ can support handover

- TTAه Researching Broadband wireless LAN standards for 전파방송 기술위원회

(TC3) PG310 - ITS/Telematics

► CALM- National Police headquarters - UTIS

ه Wireless communication system for ITSه Based on CALMه Mobility : 180Km/h (max)ه Collect/provide Real time traffic information

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Projects and Standards

C2C-C Consortium►Industrial consortium (mostly) comprised

of car manufacturers and electronics suppliers operating in Europe

►Primary goal: Defining a European standard for vehicular communication

►Aims at harmonizing with other bodies (e.g. ISO) to build an European infrastructure for ITS applications

Page 58: V2V and V2I Communication 건국대학교 MBC Lab. Contents Projects and Standards V2V Network Protocols CALM WAVE DSRC V2I/V2V Communication Introduction

Projects and Standards

Unit Architecture and C2C-CC WGs