Valence Valence electronselectrons are are involved in involved in bonding.bonding.VV = ____ = ____

To becomeTo become stablestable.

The combining of The combining of atoms to form atoms to form molecules or molecules or compoundscompounds.++ ==

Soft, metalSoft, metalPoisonous gasPoisonous gas

1. 1. Ionic BondsIonic Bonds: formed : formed when atomswhen atoms lose or gain elose or gain e--

Atoms start offAtoms start off neutralneutral. . When When

theythey lose or gain lose or gain ee--,, they becomethey become

ionsions..

IONS IONS are are charged charged atomsatoms

Occurs between a METAL and a NONMETAL

Sodium

Chlorine

Electrons either taken or given away

++ Opposites attract

Ionic BondsMetal to Nonmetal

19

MetalsMetals form form CATIONSCATIONS (+) (+)

NonmetalsNonmetals form form ANIONSANIONS (-)(-)

NaNa

ClCl

Give Away

Take in

TheThe (-)(-) ion andion and (+)(+) ionion attractattract..

NaNa ClCl

NaNa ClClA neutral compoundA neutral compound

(1+)(1+) (1-)(1-)

Ionic Bonds

The Strongest wins the battle and loses the bone (electron)

Ionic Bonds

An ionic bond is the resulting attraction for an anion and a cation after an electron is transferred from the metal to the non-metal

2. 2. Covalent BondsCovalent Bonds:: formed when formed when atomsatoms share e-share e-; ; occurs b/t two

nonmetals

Diatomic Molecules Diatomic Molecules --atoms of the same atoms of the same

element share eelement share e--

ClClBrINClHOF ClCl

Covalent Bonding

Dogs of equal strength

Covalent Bonds

A covalent bond exists when two electrons are shared by two non-

metallic atoms

Ionic Bonds: Ionic Bonds: formed between formed between a a metal & non-metalmetal & non-metal..

Covalent Bond: Covalent Bond: formed formed between between two non-metalstwo non-metals..

*Accounts for many physical characteristics of metals, such

as strength, malleability, conduction of heat and

electricity, etc.

3. 3. Metallic BondsMetallic Bonds: formed when: formed when metals bond with other metals.metals bond with other metals.

(sea of electrons)(sea of electrons)

Metallic Bonds

Mellow dogs with plenty of bones to go around !

Metallic Bonding

Metallic bonds are best characterized by the phrase "a sea

of electrons”

A quick Review of BondsA quick Review of Bonds::

IonicIonic

CovalentCovalent

MetallicMetallic

Transfer of electrons creates ions that attract.

The sharing of electrons creates. (BrINClHOF)

All electrons are shared in a “sea of electrons.”

Metal (+) Nonmetal (-)

Nonmetal Nonmetal

Metal Metal

elec

tron

sel

ectr

ons

Met

al

Met

al

Met

al