vámonos: introduction to spanish for adults · vámonos: introduction to spanish for adults . ......

215-663-1296 (office) 215-663-1297 (fax)

[email protected] http://www.taylortraining.com

627 Boyer Road Cheltenham, PA 19012-1609

Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults

Las Reglas de Daniela Be fearless. Spanish speakers unlike speakers of some other languages,

appreciate a poorly executed attempt better than none at all. They are very forgiving and encouraging. The only drawback – you may find yourself with more “teachers” than you anticipated.

¡Si no lo sabe, invéntelo! Spanish and English have many words in common as a result of Latin influences. If you don’t know something, make it up and keep on going. Chances are it might be or sounds similar enough that the listener may know what you are trying to say.1

Take good notes! Everything counts in this class. Because it is an intensive course I am putting as much in as possible. If it looks like a passive exercise to practice grammar do not be fooled. It is an opportunity to slip more vocabulary in. (smile) If I spend time on it – it is important!

Step into your Spanish selves. Warm up, if necessary

Spanish is an expressive language where meaning comes from more than just the words you say, but also from the tone and other nonverbal cues.

Become an artist. Spanish is a beautiful language with which you can create beautiful portraits with words. First you have to learn the rules.

Spanish is a higher context language than English. Once a context is established pronouns maybe dropped or adjectives will act like nouns. (Pronombres página ¿?)

Word order is less important than in English. The general rule applies to adjectives and nouns. Unlike in English, Spanish adjectives come after the nouns they modify (the tall woman = la mujer alta).

Prepositions can be tricky. Think about the purpose of the prepositions, rather than their translations. (“I'm thinking about you” = pienso en ti – literally, “I am thinking on you”)

NEVER call a translator to help you with a client!

Learn the difference between an interpreter and a translator. Interpreters speak and translators write. A sight translation is orally translating into one language the written word in another.

I am not always right. And neither are native speakers, heritage speakers, books or websites.

We all have a history and experience that influences what we know about the language and how we may speak it – for better or worse. Even educated people don't always talk according to the rules. Although Spanish according to the rules will almost always be understood, it can lack the texture and sincerity of Spanish as it really is spoken. With some discretion2, feel free to imitate the Spanish you hear in real life.

www.wordreference.com A wonderful online resource for looking up words.

1 Remind me to talk about cognates AND to tell you about the Benadryl story. 2 Make sure I tell you about the time in Mexico I imitated the Spanish I heard in front of my teacher’s distinguished English student.


(215) 663-1296 (215) 663-1297 Fax

[email protected] http://www.taylortraining.com

VÁ M O N O S: IN T R O D U C T I O N T O SP A N I S H F O R AD U L T S Instructor: Daniela Taylor Davis Days & Times: Mondays 7:00 pm - 8:30 pm Phone: 215-663-1296 E-mail: [email protected] Web: taylortraining.com/spanish

Text: Customized Workbook

Course Description:

Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults… is an opportunity to get your feet wet learning how to make small talk, order a meal, and ask how much those authentic crafts cost in a relaxed, stress-free environment. This class is for absolute novices. It is appropriate for people who have little to no exposure to the Spanish language. The course will focus on conversational exchanges and require active participation from the students. Specific vocabulary relevant to the students will be incorporated.

Course Objectives:

By the end of the course students will be able to demonstrate an understanding of conversational Spanish by:

• responding appropriately to simple questions, • constructing questions to satisfy everyday needs, and • carrying on brief conversations.

Expectations:

Be punctual. There will be a five-minute grace period at the beginning of each class for latecomers, but in fairness to those who are on time the lesson will begin promptly at 7:05. This is to ensure that you get the most out of the time for which you have paid.

Respect the learning atmosphere. Be respectful of one another. Speak one at a time and only for yourself. Everyone has an equal voice. Listen attentively and don’t interrupt. No sidebar conversations.

No eating in the classroom. This is to keep the room clean and your mouth free to habla, habla, y habla!

Help put the classroom in order before you leave.

We are grateful to those who provide the space so let us demonstrate our appreciation by using the space wisely.

Have fun. There should be lots of smiles and laughter in each class. It is the responsibility of each student to contribute to a comfortable, relaxed learning atmosphere. If you have not smiled at least once in every class you will not be permitted into the class until you rectify the situation.

WINTER 2008

Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults 3 Taylor Training & Development

CONTENIDOS

Human Scavenger Hunt........................................................................................................ 4

Guía de Pronunciación .......................................................................................................... 5

Practica con los Sonidos de Español ...................................................................................... 6

A Comenzar ......................................................................................................................... 7

Más Reglas de Pronunciación ................................................................................................ 8

Los Sonidos de Español ........................................................................................................ 9

Palabras de Cada Día ......................................................................................................... 10

La Búsqueda...................................................................................................................... 11

Antes de Comenzar ............................................................................................................ 12

Practica con las Frases Esenciales ....................................................................................... 14

Practica con los Pronombres ............................................................................................... 15

Guía a las Reglas................................................................................................................ 16

Practica con los Artículos .................................................................................................... 17

Los <No>s Y Los Plurales ................................................................................................... 18

Más Practica con Los <No>s Y Los Plurales ........................................................................ 19

Para Comer........................................................................................................................ 20

Viviendo la Idioma ............................................................................................................. 23

Atajos con los Verbos ......................................................................................................... 26

Los Verbos Importantes...................................................................................................... 27

Metiches I.......................................................................................................................... 28

Los Verbos Regulares ......................................................................................................... 29


Human Scavenger Hunt

Find someone who…

• Has tried to study Spanish before

• Knows how to greet someone in Spanish

• Has a family member who speaks Spanish fluently

• Has a Spanish speaking co-worker

• Is attending their first MALT class this evening

• Has visited a Spanish speaking country

• Is REALLY nervous about taking this class

• Studied Spanish a long, long time ago

• Speaks another foreign language fluently

• Loves learning new things

• Sucks at learning languages

• Knows how to say “thank you” in Spanish


Guía de Pronunciación

Vocales Vowels

a as in yacht ahora

e as in met elefante

i as in keep información

o as in open ocho

u as in tool usted

Los sonidos del español The Sounds of Spanish

c c as in cat OR s as in sip capitán / cigarro

g g as in go OR h as in hub guacamole / general

h silent, like k in know hombre

j h as in hip Julio

ll y as in yet pollo

ñ ny as in canyon señor

qu k as in kettle qué

rr the rolled r sound burro

v b as in baby OR v as in vase vez / vista

z s as in son zapato

Los demás (The Rest)

b bueno k* kilovatio n nada s sí

d dinero l loco p pronto t taco

f flan m mucho r toro x éxito

* In Spanish, the letters "k" and "w" are found only in foreign words. The "k" is pronounced like an English "k" without the puff of air. The "w" is pronounced like the "b/v" when it occurs between vowels.


Practica con los Sonidos de Español

abril April nariz nose

barco boat ñame yam

casa house océano ocean

difícil difficult pueblo town

excelente excellent queso cheese

flor flower radio radio

gato cat carro car

helado ice cream salsa sauce

interesante interesting teléfono telephone

jardín garden voz voice

kilo kilo xilófono xylophone

leche milk yerno son-in-law

más more zapatos shoes


A Comenzar Saludos Greetings

Hola. Hello.

Buenos días. Good Morning

Buenas tardes. Good Afternoon.

Buenas noches. Good Evening (Night).

¿Cómo está Ud.? How are you?

Estoy bien. ¿Y Ud.? I am fine. And you?

¿Cómo está él / ella? How is he/she?

Está bien. He/She is fine.

¿Cómo le va? How is it going?

¿Qué tal? How are you?

¿Cómo estamos? How are we?

¿Qué pasa? What’s happening?

Señor Don Mister (Lord)

Señora Doña Missus (Lady)

Señorita Miss Despedidas Goodbyes

Adiós. Goodbye.

Hasta pronto. Until soon. See you soon.

Hasta mañana. Until tomorrow. See you tomorrow.

Hasta luego. Until later. See you later.

Hasta la próxima. Until the next time.

Hasta la vista. Until we see each other. See you.

Nos vemos. We’ll see each other later. (See you later).

Qué le vaya bien. That all goes well for you. (formal)


Más Reglas de Pronunciación

A-E-I-O-U-N-S sope Mexican dish

taco taco limonada lemonade

plato plate nosotros we

botella bottle Carlos Caracas

measera waitress tostada flan fried corn tortilla

caldo soup Carmen Esteban

helado ice cream quizás maybe

Consonant ≠ N/S David Isabel

miel honey tomar to take/consume

cenar to eat dinner descansar to rest

desayunar to eat breakfast mujer woman

nuez nut tenedor fork

pastel pastry ciudad city

Accented fantástico fantastic

café coffee también also

película movie Verónica Inés César

música music árbol tree

jamón ham azúcar sugar

estación station televisión televisión

policía police menú menú

maíz corn acción action

artículo article guía guide


Los Sonidos de Español* amigo fotografía

banana garaje

béisbol Gerardo

bistec gimnasio

burro gorila

carro huevo

Cecilia hombre

centro jipi

cerveza jonrón

cilantro líder

cinco de mayo loco

coco llama

colorado mañana

coyote millón

champú piña

chile con carne Paraguay

diccionario poquito

dieta quesadilla

doctor radio

dólar sartén

escuela televisión

esnob tequila

español tortilla

estudiante trabajo

Feliz Navidad uva

frijoles vino

* A number of English words have become common vocabulary in Spanish and vice versa. Often in Spanish, the spelling and pronunciation have been changed. English keeps the original spelling of most of the words it borrow from Spanish, but the pronunciation is changed. Many words are identical in Spanish and English both in spelling and in meaning. Only the pronunciation is different. Someties the Spanish word has an accent mark. Did you recognize any words on this page?


Palabras de Cada Día Sentimientos Feelings Más Sentimientos More Feelings

Así-así Enojado (a) Angry

Cansado (a) Disponible Available

Enfermo (a) Ocupado (a) Busy

Mal Confundido (a)

Mejor Emocionado (a) Excited

Peor Sorprendido (a) Surprised

Triste Preocupado (a) Worried Nombres Names

¿Cómo se llama Ud.? What is your name?

Me llamo… My name is…

¿Cómo se llama él / ella? What is his/her name?

Se llama… His/Her name is…

Soy… El / ella es… I am… He/She is…

Mi nombre es… Su nombre es… My name is… His/Her name is…

Mucho gusto. A pleasure. (Nice to meet you.)

Tanto gusto. Such a pleasure

El gusto es mío. The pleasure is mine.

Encantado. Delighted. (Enchanted.)

Orígen Origin

¿De dónde es Ud.? Where are you from?

Soy de… I am from…

¿De dónde es él / ella? Where is he/she from?

Él / ella es de… He/She is from…

¿Habla Ud. Español? Do you speak Spanish?

Hablo un poco. I speak a little.

¿Habla él / ella Español? Does he/she speak Spanish?

Él / ella habla más He/She speaks more.


La Búsqueda

¿Quién está …

• triste?

• enfermo?

• bien?

• contenta/feliz?

• así-así?

• enferma?

¿Quién es …

• de Nueva York?

• de Filadelfia?

• de otro país?

• de Germantown?

• de Mt. Airy?

• de otro parte de Filadelfia o fuera de Filadelfia (outside)?


Antes de Comenzar Cortesía Courtesy

Por favor. Gracias. Please. Thank you.

De nada. No hay de qué. You’re welcome. Not at all.

Con permiso. Perdón. Excuse me Excuse me

Disculpe. ¿Mande? Excuse me Excuse me?

Lo siento No se preocupe. I am sorry. Don’t worry.

No importa. That’s all right. (It’s not important). Palabras / Frases de cada día Everyday words / phrases

No sé. I don’t know.

¿Entiende? Understand?

No entiendo. I do not understand.

Más despacio, por favor. More slowly, please.

Estoy aprendiendo español. I am learning Spanish.

Gracias por su paciencia. Thanks for your patience.

Hablo poquito español. I speak a little Spanish.

¿Cómo se dice...? How do you say (it)?

¿Qué significa? What does it mean?

Otra vez,_________ Again, por favor.

Repita, por favor. Please repeat. Frases esenciales Essential phrases

¡Salud! ¡Buena suerte! Bless you! Good luck!

¡Feliz cumpleaños! ¡Felicitaciones! Happy birthday! Congratulations!

¡Qué bueno! ¡Qué lástima! That’s great! What a shame!

¡Qué chistoso! ¡Qué barbaridad! How funny! How awful!

¡Qué casa tan grande! ¡Qué casa! What a big house What a house!

¡Tal casa! ¡Tal viaje! Such a house! Such a trip!


Más frases esenciales More essential phrases

¿Me permite? ¡Pase! May I? Go ahead.

¿Se puede (ver)? ¿Listo? Can I (see it)? Ready?

Claro (que sí). ¿Cómo no? Sure. Of course! /Why not?

Pienso que sí. Pienso que no. I think so. I think not.

Creo que sí. Creo que no. I believe so. I do not believe so.

Quizás. Depende. Maybe. That depends.

Adelante. Más o menos. Come in. More or less. Aun más frases y palabras esenciales Even more essential phrases and words

También Tampoco Also, too Neither

Todavía Todavía no Yet, still Not yet

Ya (basta) (Enough) Already

Tal

Andele (pues).

So, such

Hurry up / Way to go (Anyway, So anyway / Goodbye / Let’s go)

Más Palabras / Frases de Cada Día More Everyday words / phrases

Muy Demasiado Very Too much

Más Menos More Less

Bastante Mucho Enough, plenty Much

Suficiente Enough, sufficient Prenombres Pronouns

Yo I

Tú You (informal)

Usted (Ud.) You (formal)

Él He (it, masc.)

Ella She (it, fem.)

Singu

lar

Nosotros We

Ustedes (Uds.) You (plural)

Ellos They (masc.)

Ellas They (fem.)

Plu

ral


Practica con las Frases Esenciales Cortesía

G 1. ¡Que lastima! A. Todavía no.

F 2. Mucho gusto. B. Nos vemos.

E 3. ¿Cómo está? C. Salud.

D 4. Gracias. D. De nada.

C 5. ¡Ah-choo! E. Bien. ¿Y Ud.?

B 6. Hasta luego. F. El gusto es mío.

A 7. ¿Listo? G. Lo siento. Aun más frases y palabras esenciales

E 1. No hablo mucho español. A. Yo tambien.

F / G 2. Más despacio, por favor. B. Yo no sé.

D 3. ¿Entiende? C. Again

G / F 4. Repita, por favor. D. No entiendo.

C 5. ¿Qué significa <otra vez>? E. Yo tampoco.

A 6. Ya estoy listo. F. Hablo poquito español.

B 7. ¿Cómo se dice <I don’t know>? G. Estoy aprendiendo español todavía.


Practica con los Pronombres

¿Qué son los pronombres?

we (all females) nosotros/nosotras

you (familiar singular) tú

you (familiar plural) ustedes

they (all females) ellas

you (formal singular) usted

they (all males) ellos

we (males and females) nosotros

they (male and females) ellos

you (formal plural) ustedes

he/she él / ella Hablando acerca de …

ellas Isabel, Alicia y Maribel ellos Alfredo y Gerardo

yo [Your name here] él Tomás

ella Beatriz usted [The stranger facing you]

ustedes [The group of known women facing you] ustedes

[The group of unknown men facing you]

tú [The friend facing you] nosotros [You and the girls]

nosotros [You and the group] nosotros [You and the boys]


Guía a las Reglas Los artículos indefinitivos The indefinite articles

un a/an (masculine, singular) un señor

una a/an (feminine, singular) una señora

unos some (masculine, plural) unos muchachos

unas some (feminine, plural) unas muchachas Los artículos definitivos The definite articles

el the (masculine, singular) el niño

la the (feminine, singular) la niña

los the (masculine, plural) los muchachos

las the (feminine, plural) las muchachas

Ayuda Help

Masculine L-O-N-E-R-S el papel the paper

foreign words el radio = radius/radium un libro a book

Greek & end in a el cuento = short story un tren a train

-ista (gender) *el agua, el aguila el viaje the trip

-eta (gender) el ama (lady of the house/ owner master) el color the color

el alma (soul) el lunes the Monday

Feminine D-IÓN-Z-A la verdad the truth

shortened versions la calle la lección the lesson

stressed a/ha* la radio (radio) una nariz a nose

la cuenta = bill una palabra a word


Practica con los Artículos Indefinitivos

A B

un amigo una vez

un bistec una luz

un burro una pared

un cinco de mayo una lección

una sopa una nariz

un jamón una mesa

una escuela una señora

un español una señorita

un/una estudiante un/una joven

un cáfe una mujer

una profesora un hombre Definitivos

A B

el helado el árbol

el/la policía el patio

el loco la casa

el mesero el gato

el profesor la gata

el libro el perro

el rodeo la perra

el suéter el nombre

la televisión la estación

la tortilla la amiga

el tren la acción


Los <No>s Y Los Plurales To make a Spanish statement or question negative, place <no> in front of the verb.

No estoy triste hoy. I am not sad today.

Ella no se llama Marisol. Se llama Isabel. Her name is not Marisol. Her name is Isabel.

¿No es Ud. de México? Aren’t you from Mexico?

No hablo español muy bien. I do not speak Spanish very well.

El Plural The Plural

A-E-I-O-U = S Consonant = ES

taco pan

sopa pastel

helado profesor

dulce lección


Más Practica con Los <No>s Y Los Plurales

Los opuestos...

1. Maria está muy feliz hoy. Maria no está muy feliz hoy. [Hoy significa <today>].

2. Hay muchos hombres en la clase. No hay muchos hombres en la clase.

3. Soy de México. No soy de México.

4. Él es rico. Él no es rico.

5. ¿Tiene Ud. un lápiz? ¿No tiene Ud. ni un lápiz?

6. Ella habla mucho español. Ella no habla mucho español.

7. Hoy significa <there is/ there are>. Hoy no significa <today>.

Hoy no significa <there is/ there are>. Hoy significa <today>.

8. Ellos están listos, pero yo no estoy listo. Ellos no están listos, pero yo estoy listo.

9. También. Tampoco.

10. Todavía no. Ya. Más artículos

deporte película tren

deportes películas trenes

blusa zapato mujer

blusas zapatos mujeres

suéter color lección

suéteres colores lecciones


Para Comer Cocinar Cooking

agregar to add

añadir to add

hornear to bake

batir to beat

hervir to boil

enfriar to chill

guisar to cook

cubrir to cover

cortar to cut

freír to fry

rallar to grate

calentar to heat up

mezclar to mix, to blend

pelar to peel

preparar to prepare

poner to put

servir to serve

agitar to shake, to stir La Preparacion

asado (al horno) baked / roasted

empanado breaded

escalfado poached

frito fried

guisado boiled

salteado sautéed

a la parrilla broiled / grilled

al vapor steamed


La Preparacion

agrio sour

dulce sweet

picante spicy

suave mild

caliente hot

frío cold

con hielo with ice

sin hielo without ice

poco asado rare

un poco rojo pero no crudo médium rare

a término medio médium well

bien asado well done Batería de cocina Kitchen Utensils

el rodillo rolling pin

el abrelatas can opener

el sacacorchos corkscrew

la batidora electric beaters

el recipiente generic cooking pot

el/la sartén frying pan

la olla pot

el molde baking pan

la olla de presión pressure cooker

el colador colander

el baño de María double broiler

el papel encerado wax paper

el papel de aluminio aluminum foil

el palillo de dientes toothpick

espátula spatula


Por la mesa By the table

la copa wineglass

el vaso (de agua / de vino) glass (water / wine)

el plato plate

el tazón bowl

el platillo saucer

la taza cup

el tenedor fork

la cuchara spoon

el cuchillo knife

la servilleta napkin

sal salero salt salt shaker

pimiento pimentero pepper pepper shaker

¿Me pasas (___)? Will you pass me ___?

Me falta I need; I am lacking

¿Me trae ___? Will you bring me ___?

(Le) traigo… I'm bringing (you)…

traer to bring

pedir to order, to ask for

cenar to eat dinner (to have dinner)

lo mismo the same thing

¡Buen provecho! Enjoy your meal!

¡Salud! Cheers!

sumar la cuenta to add up the bill

dar una propina to tip (to give a tip)

poner la mesa set the table

quitar la mesa clear the table


Viviendo la Idioma Modismos con tener Idiomatic expressions with “tener”

¿Qué tiene Ud.? What’s the matter?

Tengo hambre. I am hungry.

Tiene sed. You / he / she is thirsty.

Tiene frió. You / he / she is cold.

Tiene calor You / he / she is hot

Tiene sueño. You / he / she is sleepy

Tenemos miedo. We are afraid.

Tenemos éxito. We are successful.

Tienen suerte. You (pl.) / they are lucky.

Tienen razón. You (pl.) / they are right

No tienen razón. You (pl.) / they are wrong; not right Preguntas Questions

¿Qué? ¿Cuál? What? Which? (What?)

¿Cuándo? When?

¿Dónde? ¿Adónde? ¿De donde? Where? To where? From where?

¿Quién? ¿A quién? ¿De quién? Who? To whom? Whose?

¿Por qué? Porque… Why? Because…

¿Cómo? ¿Cuánto? ¿Cuántos? How? How much? How many? Palabritas Little words

en a (a + el = al) in, on, at to

para de (de + el = del) for of, from

con sin with without

y o pero and or but Los días The days

lunes martes miércoles Monday Tuesday Wednesday

jueves viernes sábado domingo Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday


Mas días More days

El lunes On Monday

El martes próximo El miércoles pasado Next Tuesday Last Wednesday

Todos los sábados Menos los domingos Every Saturday Except Sundays

Hoy Está noche Today Tonight

Ayer Mañana Yesterday Tomorrow

Anteayer Pasado mañana The day before yesterday The day after tomorrow

Los Números quinientos 500

uno 1 veintiuno 21 seiscientos 600

dos 2 veintidós 22 setecientos 700

tres 3 veintitrés 23 ochocientos 800

cuatro 4 veinticuatro 24 novecientos 900

cinco 5 veinticinco 25 mil 1000

seis 6 veintiséis 26 ciento cinco 105

siete 7 veintisiete 27 doscientos treinta y cuatro 234

ocho 8 veintiocho 28 novecientos noventa y nueve 999

nueve 9 veintinueve 29 mil seis 1006

diez 10 treinta 30 cinco mil ochocientos ochenta y tres 5883

once 11 cuarenta 40 Ordinales

doce 12 cincuenta 50 primer(o, a) first

trece 13 sesenta 60 segundo (a) second

catorce 14 setenta 70 tercer(o, a) third

quince 15 ochenta 80 cuarto (a) fourth

dieciséis 16 noventa 90 quinto (a) fifth

diecisiete 17 cien 100 sexto (a) sixth

dieciocho 18 doscientos 200 séptimo (a) seventh

diecinueve 19 trescientos 300 octavo (a) eighth

veinte 20 cuatrocientos 400 noveno (a) ninth

décimo (a) tenth


Dinero Money

cuenta de banco, cuenta bancaria bank account

cuentas de cheques checking account

cuentas de ahorros savings account

número de cuenta account number

saldo de cuenta account balance

dólar dollar

monedas coins

giro (postal) money order (postal money order)

efectivo cash

cheques de viajero travelers checks

tarjeta de crédito credit card

tarjeta de débito debit card

símbolo Visa Visa symbol

los establecimientos establishments

cajeros automáticos, cajero electrónico ATM

clave personal / clave secreta / número de identificación personal /

personal identification number (personal code / secret code)

contraseña password

cargos mensuales monthly charges

recargo surcharge

recibo receipt

electrónicamente electronically

depósito directo direct deposit

automáticamente automatically

introducir / meter to insert

sacar to withdraw

depositar to deposit

transferir to transfrer

pagar to pay


Atajos con los Verbos Frases con verbos Verbs phrases

Necesito…/ Necesita... I need… / You / She need(s) to…

Tengo que... / Tiene que… I have to… / You have / She has to...

Puedo… / I can… / Can I…? (May I?)

Puede… You can… / Can you…? / He can… / Can he…?

Voy a… / Va a… I am going to… / You are / She is going to…

Vamos a... Let’s...

Acabo de… I just finished…

Favor de… Would you please...

¿Prefiere…? Do you prefer…?

Hay... There is / there are… Los Verbos + Infinitivos = Un Atajo Verbs + Infinitives = A Shortcut

Necesita visitar más. You need to visit more.

Tiene que comer bien You have to eat well.

Voy a ganar mañana. I am going to win tomorrow.

Use the verb phrases introduced earlier with the infinitive form of a verb as a shortcut to getting the conversation rolling.

Luckily for us there is only one conjugated verb in a sentence or phrase. For this construction we use the infinitive after the conjugated verb.

1. Tengo que hablar con el medico. I have to talk with the doctor.

2. Necesito salir para un ratito. I need to leave for a little while.

3. ¿Va a descansar? Are you going to rest?

4. ¿Puede cocinar está noche? Can you cook tonight?

5. Acabo de comer el caldo más delicioso. I just finished eating the most delicious soup.

6. Favor de escribir su nombre aquí. Would you please write your name here.


Los Verbos Importantes Verbos esenciales Essential verbs

preguntar to ask escuchar to listen

ser to be vivir to live

estar to be mirar to look at

llamar to call buscar to look for

venir to come perder to lose

cocinar to cook pasar to pass

hacer to do / make jugar to plan

beber to drink leer to read

tomar to drink / to take quedar to remain / stay

comer to eat descansar to rest

llenar to fill (out) / complete regresar to return

acabar to finish / end correr to run

seguir to follow ver to see

ganar to gain / to earn firmar to sign

dar to give dormir to sleep

ir to go estudiar to study

bajar to go down / put down / hablar to talk

tener to have decir to tell / say

haber to have (helping verb) entender to understand

oír to hear visitar to visit

saber to know esperar to wait

conocer to know caminar to walk

aprender to learn querer to want

salir to leave trabajar to work

dejar to leave / let escribir to write


Metiches I 1. What is your partner’s name?

2. How is your partner today?

3. Where is your partner from originally?

4. Does you partner speak Spanish?

5. How is your partner’s favorite meal prepared?

6. How does your partner prefer to pay for his/her meal at a restaurant?

7. What does your partner need to do today?

8. Other information about your partner?

¿Cómo se llam

a Ud.? / ¿Cómo está Ud.? / ¿D

e dónde es Ud. originalmente? / ¿H

abla Ud. español? / ¿Cóm

o hace su comida

favorita? / ¿Cómo paga U

d. al restaurante? / ¿Qué necesita hacer hoy? / ¿Adónde va a Ud. m

añana? / ¿Qué acaba de hacer

Ud.?


Los Verbos Regulares Verbs

Verbs in Spanish have two parts, a stem and an ending. The infinitive is the most basic form of the verb. It can be used not only as a verb but also as a noun*. There are only three types of infinitive endings –ar, –er, -ir.

When conjugating a regular verb, a new standardized ending is added to the unchanged stem. There are verbs whose stems undergo a spelling change during conjugation, and/or have irregular endings added.

Hablar To talk

Yo hablo I talk. Nosotros hablamos We talk.

Tú hablas You talk.

Ud. habla You talk.

Uds. hablan You talk.

Él / Ella habla He / She / It talks. Ellos / Ellas hablan They talk. Comer To Eat

Yo como I eat. Nosotros comemos We eat.

Tú comes You eat.

Ud. come You eat.

Uds. comen You eat.

Él / Ella come He / She / It eats. Ellos / Ellas comen They eat. Vivir To live

Yo vivo I live. Nosotros vivimos We live.

Tú vives You live.

Ud. vive You live.

Uds. viven You live.

Reg

ula

r V

erbs

Él / Ella vive He / She / It lives. Ellos / Ellas viven They live.

Verbs

In the present, 1st person singular always ends in –o, with the exception of these verbs: ir (voy), dar (doy), ser (soy), estar (estoy), saber (sé), and haber (hé).

* When used as a noun, the Spanish infinitive is always masculine and almost always singular. Like other nouns, it can be the subject of a sentence, a predicate nominative or the object of a verb or preposition.


Ser To be

Yo soy I am. Nosotros somos We are.

Tú eres You are.

Ud. es You are.

Uds. son You are.

Él / Ella es He / She / It is. Ellos / Ellas son They are. Estar To be

Yo estoy I am. Nosotros estamos We are.

Tú estás You are.

Ud. está You are.

Uds. están You are.

Ser

/ Es

tar

Él / Ella está He / She / It is. Ellos / Ellas están They are. Ser Estar

Used to identify a person, animal, a concept, a thing, or any noun.

Used to show the location of a person, animal, or thing. (to stay)

Esto es un lápiz. El lápiz está aquí.

Carmen es una estudiante. Carmen está en clase.

Used with a adjective to show that a characteristic is the norm for the noun; the essence of it.

Used with an adjective to show that the characteristic is a change or a condition; the state of it.

El helado es frió. El helado está caliente.

El azúcar es dulce. El azúcar está blanco.

Used with “de” to indicate origin, composition, aburrido boring bored possession.

cansado tiresome tired

Juanita es de Puerto Rico. divertido amusing, funny amused

Los cubitos son de madera. enfermo sickly sick

Los libros son de la maestra. listo sharp, shrewd,

clever ready

triste dull sad

vivo lively, alert, smart alive

January

• January 1: Año Nuevo (New Year's Day), is an official Mexican holiday. • January 6: Día de Los Santos Reyes is the day when Mexicans exchange Christmas

presents in accordance with the arrival of the three gift-bearing wisemen to Jesus Christ. This day culminates the Christmastime festivities.

• January 17: Feast Day of de San Antonio de Abad is a religious holiday during which the Catholic Church allows animals to enter the church for blessing.

February

• February 2: Día de la Candelaria or Candlemas, is a religious holiday that is celebrated with processions, dancing, bullfights in certain cities, and the blessing of the seeds and candles. The festivities are best seen in: San Juan de los Lagos, Jalapa; Talpa de Allende, Jalisco; and Santa Maria del Tuxla, Oaxaca.

• January 31- February 5 (2008): Carnaval is an official Mexican holiday that kicks off a five-day celebration of the libido before the Catholic lent. Beginning the weekend before Lent, Carnaval is celebrated exhubrantly with parades, floats and dancing in the streets. Port towns such as Ensenada, La Paz, Mazatlán and Veracruz are excellent places to watch Carnaval festivities. Dates change slightly as follows: 2008: Jan 31 - Feb 5; 2009: Feb 19-24; 2010: Feb 11-16.

• February 5: Día de la Constitución an official holiday that commemorates Mexico's Constitution.

• February 24: Flag Day, This Mexican national holiday honors the Mexican flag.

March

• March 19: St. Joseph's Day, Día de San José, a religious holiday best seen in Tamulin, San Luis Potosi.

• March 21: The Birthday of Benito Juárez, a famous Mexican president and national hero, this is an official Mexican holiday.

Mexican Flag Day also known as "El Dia de la Bandera" is celebrated on February 24th,by

Mexicans across the country. This day is commemorated as a unique holiday in admiration of traditional Mexican heritage. The Mexican Americans on this day pay homage to

the flag of their native ancestral country- Mexico.


http://www.mexonline.com/history-lostresreyes.htm

http://www.mexonline.com/carnaval.htm

http://www.mexonline.com/benitojuarez.htm

http://www.funsocialstudies.learninghaven.com/edu/mexican-flag-day.html


Every year the red, white and green Mexican flag is hoisted up on the Cerro de la Bandera (Flag Hill) in Buena Vista on Mexican Flag Day. A race to the summit is held, which is open to anyone who has the spirit to participate. In the evening, people have merriments in Plaza Mijares, the main square of San José del Cabo. Special TV and radio programs are also broadcasted on this occasion, in order to propagate the history behind the day.

A Brief Background

Public festivities started on Mexican Flag Day since February 24th, 1937 near the monument of General don Vicente Guerrero, the first Mexican military general to swear to the flag.

Mexico was formerly ruled by the Aztecs - one of the tribes that settled in the area. However, the country was a Spanish colony from 1521 to 1821 until the war for independence was won.

The Mexican Flag

When you look at the Mexican flag, you wonder what the colors in the flag stand for. The Mexican Flag has three colors green, white, and red and they stand for the following:

• Green is the symbol of hope and victory. • White stands for the purity of our ideals. • Red represents the blood of the national heroes shed for their motherland.

In addition to these bands of color, the flag also has an emblem. The emblem in the Mexican flag has a defining story based on a legend which tells, how the Mexicans traveled from Aztlán (now Nayarit) in search of the sign that Huitzilopochtli had narrated them, and that they would find it in the place where they should establish their empire.

The sign had an eagle on top of a Nopal cactus devouring a serpent. It was ultimately found in a small island in the heart of a lake. They settled there and founded the city of Tenochtitlan, which

is now Mexico City.

The design of the Mexico Flag has changed over time, so has the significance and symbolism behind the three colors of the flag. Earlier, the green vertical stripe of the Mexican flag projected the independence of Mexico. Now, positioned to the far left of the Mexican flag it stands as symbol of hope for the future of Mexico. It is customary for Mexican to have foods rich in green coloring such as jalapenos on Mexico Flag Day.

The white stripe of the Mexican flag, which holds the Coat of Arms represents the beginning of the nation's capital, Mexico City. It also represents the unity of the Mexican people and purity of their culture.

Lastly, the red vertical stripe represents the commitment to religion on which many Mexican citizens faithfully practice.



The Flag Day is a national celebration and a prime example of unrestrained Mexican chauvinism that high commendable. Mexican Flag Day is a day of unity, respect for national heroes and a hope for the better future for all Mexicans.

SUMMARY: Benito Juarez is considered one of Mexico's greatest and most beloved leaders. During his political career he helped to institute a series of liberal reforms that were embodied into the new constitution of 1857. During the French occupation of Mexico, Juarez refused to accept the rule of the Monarchy or any other foreign nation, and helped to establish Mexico as a constitutional democracy. He also promoted equal rights for the Indian population, better access to health care and education, lessening the political and financial power of the Roman Catholic church, and championed the raising of the living standards for the rural poor. Benito Juarez was born March 21st 1806, the child of Zapoteco Indians. After they died when he was three, he went to live with his uncle, but when he was 12 he joined his sister in Oaxaca. He began studying for the priesthood, but in 1829 changed to studying for a law degree, which he received in 1831. That year he also began his political career, with a seat on the municipal council. In 1841 he became a judge, and the governor of Oaxaca.

In 1853 the conservatives took power in Mexico and many liberals were exiled, including Juarez, who spent his time of exile in New Orleans. In 1855 the liberals won the election, and Benito Juarez returned from his exile as the Minister of Justice. In 1857 he was elevated to preside over the supreme court, in effect making him the Vice President. In 1858 the conservatives rebelled, and again Juarez had to leave Mexico City, this time fleeing to Veracruz, where he created a government in exile. In January 1861 the conservatives lost power, and Benito Juarez became the President of Mexico. Athe treasury was practically empty Juarez madthe decision to suspend payment on all foreigndebts for a two year period. After Mexican congress rejected an agreement Juarez had made with the British Prime Minister to protect the interests of European countries Spanish, British and French troops landed in Vera Cruz. Spain and

Britain were there to protect their financial interests, and left in April, after it became clear that France had conquest in mind. The French troops fought for two years, and although suffering

s e

a serious defeat on 5th May 1862, eventually captured Mexico City in June 1863, and placed Archduke Maximilian of Austria on the Mexican throne.

Benito Juarez - Mexican President and National Hero


http://www.mexonline.com/cinco.htm

Benito Juarez and the government of Mexico were forced to retreat right back to Ciudad Juarez, on the border with the USA. After four years with growing pressure from America, continuing resistance from Mexicans and criticism from the French govenrment and people, finally the Napoleonic forces withdrew. Maximilian himself was captured and executed on 19th June 1867. Juarez returned to Mexico city, and the presidency even after suffering a stroke in October 1870, and the loss of his wife in 1871. He won the presidential election in 1871, but died on 18th July 1872, of a heart attack.


Chile en Nogada - Chiles in Walnut Sauce 1 of 1

http://mexicanfood.about.com/od/chilerecipe1/r/chileennogada.htm?p=1 2/3/2008 11:03 AM

At a GlanceCourse : Entree

Cuisine : Mexican

Chile en NogadaRecipe Feedback:User Rating Be the first to write a review

Mexican Food

Chiles En NogadaFrom Chelsie Kenyon,Your Guide to Mexican Food.FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now!

A wonderful dish consisting of a green chile, white walnut sauce and red pomegranate- the colors of the Mexican flag. This dish is a Mexican Independence day favorite.

INGREDIENTS:

6 large green chiles, for stuffing3/4 cup crema or sour cream1/2 teaspoon sugar1/4 cup evaporated milk1/2 cup finely chopped walnuts1 pomegranate, seeds separated1/2 lb ground pork or beef3 garlic cloves1/4 of an onion, peeled and diced1 tablespoon lard or vegetable oil1 apple, peeled, cored and seeded, coarsely chopped2 tablespoons unsalted almonds, chopped1/4 teaspoon cinnamonpinch of nutmeg1/4 teaspoon cumin1 bunch fresh parsley, coarsely chopped2 tablespoons raisins, softened in warm water3 eggs

PREPARATION:Roast the chiles and remove the skins and seeds.

Heat the oil or lard over medium heat in a large pan. Add in the beef or pork and brown until nearly done. Add in thegarlic, onion, apple, almonds, cinnamon, nutmeg, cumin, pinch of salt and pepper and cook for about 5 minutes.

Beat the egg whites to stiff peaks with a mixer or a whisk. Fold in the egg yolks and a pinch of salt. Dip each stuffedchile in the egg mixture and fry until golden brown.

Stuff the chiles with equal portions of the stuffing. Blend or mix the crema, walnuts and sugar with the evaporated milk.Pour over the freshly cooked chiles and sprinkle with pomegranate seeds.

This About.com page has been optimized for print. To view this page in its original form, please visit: http://mexicanfood.about.com/od/chilerecipe1/r/chileennogada.htm©2007 About.com, Inc., a part of The New York Times Company. All rights reserved.

For Further Reading 1. 501 Spanish Verbs by: Christopher Kendris, Ph.D Theodore N. Kendris, Ph.D. A "must

have" for both the serious Spanish student and the casual traveler. with the alphabetical, easy-to-use style, conjugating Spanish verbs is as easy as 1-2-3.

2. Beginner’s Spanish by Mark Stacey and Ángela González Hevia. A friendly introduction to the language that will help you to understand and speak Spanish sufficiently well to function effectively in basic everyday situations.

3. Beginning Spanish for the Utterly Confused by Jean Yates. An ideal, easily accessible, instructional guide to serve as an introduction to both spoken and written Spanish. Discover a newer, clearer way to look at Spanish. You don't have to be confused anymore.

4. Breaking Out of Beginner's Spanish by: Joseph J. Keenan. Discover verb usages and phrases that you're not going to learn in your standard Spanish class. It also helps you get around English verb/preposition concepts that don't have a direct translation.

5. Learn Spanish the Fast and Fun Way by Gene Hammitt. Designed specifically for beginners, this book teaches the basics of reading, writing, understanding, and speaking the new language. It also includes helpful facts and tips for international travelers, and a set of vocabulary flashcards and a small staple-bound bilingual dictionary booklet that can be easily removed from the book's spine for supplementary use. Companion audio tapes/CD are also available.

6. Practical Spanish Grammar : A Self-Teaching Guide by Marcial Prado. Combining the quick-reference virtues of a phrase book with the learning tools of a full-fledged language course, this popular guide gives you a solid start.

7. Spanish Grammar (Barron's Grammar Series) by Christopher Kendris, Ph.D. This book is small, but it has all the points that get confused. While there are no exercises or cultural tips, there is a section in the back that covers idioms, and it even has synonyms of common Spanish verbs!

8. Spanish Verbs (Barron's Verb Series) by Christopher Kendris, Ph.D. Verbs are usually a major stumbling block in learning a foreign language, but this is the best compact verb book for quickly getting a good grasp of the basics as well as the more complex issues.

9. Spanish Vocabulary by Julianne Dueber. This little book packs a powerful punch. It contains over 6000 words and expressions categorized in 40 useful categories that include travel, science, and the human body. There are even idiomatic expressions. The book's organization makes it very easy to find a related group of words.

Vámonos: Introduction to Spanish for Adults

215-663-1296 (office) 215-663-1297 (fax)

[email protected]

http://www.taylortraining.com


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