van helmont’s recipe for mice - ms. simpson's class...
TRANSCRIPT
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Van Helmont’s Recipe for Mice
• Place dirty rags in an open pot or barrel
containing grains of wheat or some wheat
bran.
• In 21 days mice will appear.
• There will be adult males and females
present. They will be capable of mating
and reproducing more mice.
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Recipe for Bees
• Kill a young bull.
• Bury it in an upright position so that its
horns protude from the ground.
• After a month, a swarm of bees will fly out
of the corpse.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
I)Spontaneous Generation A) living things can arise from non-living
things
1) stated by Aristotle (325 BC)
a) frogs from mud
People believed this for about 2000 years!!!
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Spontaneous Generation
• Until the 1600s most people accepted the
idea that living things (animals) could
spring from non-living materials
• What eventually happened to Spont.
Gene. Is a great example of hypotheses
can be tested and retested and changed
to reflect new evidence
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b) rats from sewage
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2) Van Helmont’s mice
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Someone named Redi
attempted • 1660s Redi challenged the idea of Spon.
Gen
• He was curious about how maggots
appeared on decaying meat
• Much like how mold can form on a loaf of
bread…how does it get there?
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B) disproving the theory
1) Redi (1668)
a) maggot experiment
i) so well designed!
- # samples
- use of controls
- different seasons
- observation
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Where do microorganisms come
from? • Pond water, rain water, scrapings from
your teeth, etc…all these contain
microorganisms
• Sketches and drawings are popular
methods for explaining what people
observe under a microscope. You will be
sketching OFTEN!
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2) step backward with Leeuwenhoek
a) use of microscope
b) new support for spontaneous generation
i)“animalcules”
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Spontaneous Generation
again… • Leeuwenhoek’s discoveries helped feed
proof of Spontaneous Generation
• Large numbers and rapid appearance of
these tiny living things were hard to
explain
• Broths were normally examined, once they
turned cloudy they had a large presence of
mircoorganisms
• Observes concluded they must have come
from nonliving organisms
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How would you go about killing
microorganisms? • Some scientists decided to ensure that the
broth had no microorganisms to begin
with…
• How do you think they went about this?
• Why?
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3) Needham’s meat broth (1748)
a) 5-10 min boiling with sealed cork
i) microorganisms appear though
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4) Spallanzani’s experiment (1767)
a) broth boiled for 1 hour
b) melted glass seal
c) heated air = destruction of active principle
i)spontaneous generation still believed
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5) Pasteur (1861)
a) finally disproves spontaneous gen.
b) “S”–shaped flask trap microorganisms but allow air through
c) flasks clear since 1861!!!!
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C) Theory of Biogenesis arises
1) Huxley (1870)
2) living things come only from other living things of the same type
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