vardhaman college of engineering...9. a) explain the issues to be considered for query optimization...

Hall Ticket No: Question Paper Code : A1015

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)

B. Tech VIII Semester End Semester Regular Examinations, April - 2016 (Regulations: VCE-R11)

INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT AND PSYCHOLOGY

(Common to Computer Science and Engineering & Information Technology)

Date: 21 April, 2016 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75

Answer ONE question from each Unit All Questions Carry Equal Marks

Unit - I 1. a) List Henri fayol’s 14 principles of management. 7M b) What is scientific management theory? What are the contributions of Taylor, Gilbreth

and Gantt towards the development of scientific management theory?

8M

2. a) What is “Division of Work”? Does it increase productivity? Justify your stand with appropriate reasoning.

8M

b) What is departmentalization? Discuss the salient features of organizations with line and staff hierarchy and organization with staff hierarchy.

7M

Unit – II 3. a) What are the factors that govern the selection of a location of a plant? 5M b) Enumerate the principles of plant layout. Enlist the advantages and disadvantages of

different types of Plant Layouts.

10M

4. a) Explain the importance of Work Study in an industrial Enterprise? Differentiate between Micro-motion Study and Memo motion Study.

10M

b) What are the different methods of Performance Rating practiced?

5M

Unit – III 5. a) What are the three time estimates needed for PERT analysis and what do they

represent? How do you use these estimates to compute the expected activity time and variance in activity time?

5M

b) The following table lists the jobs of a network with their estimates:

Job i-j

Duration (days) Optimistic (to) Most likely (tm) Pessimistic (tp)

1-2 3 6 15 1-6 2 5 14 2-3 6 12 30 2-4 2 5 8 3-5 5 11 17 4-5 3 6 15 6-7 3 9 27 5-8 1 4 7 7-8 4 19 28

i. Draw the project network ii. Calculate the length and variance of the critical path iii. What is the probability that the jobs on the critical path will be completed in 41

days

10M

Cont…2

::2::

6. Table below gives the results of daily inspection of ICs. The standard value of fraction

defective established at the start of the month is 0.04. The estimated daily average production was 1,600:

Date April 1 April 2 April 3 April 4 April 5 April 7 April 8 April 9 April 10 April 11 No. of items

inspected 1400 1950 900 1400 1395 2000 1300 1350 1500 1540

No. of items

rejected 62 41 27 50 63 57 64 68 73 75

i. Establish single set of control limits ii. Plot the control chart. Take separate control limits wherever they are needed iii. What values of standard fraction defectives you recommend for future use

15M

Unit – IV 7. a) What is Inventory Control? How Inventories are Classified? Explain. 9M b) How a Purchase Manager has to function in an enterprise?

6M

8. a) What are the major functional areas in HRM? Explain briefly. 5M b) Give an example of Marketing Mix and explain its significance. With an example explain

various stages of Product Life Cycle.

10M

Unit – V 9. a) Explain McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y. 8M b) Explain the Hawthorne studies and their outcomes.

7M

10. a) Discuss the working conditions that influence the human work behavior. 7M b) What is industrial fatigue? Explain the causes and actions required for elimination of

industrial fatigue. 8M




ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

(Computer Science and Engineering)



Unit – I 1. a) What is Artificial Intelligence? Explain production rules for solving water jug problem. 7M b) What is the role of knowledge? Explain the issues in the design of search programs.

8M

2. a) Explain control strategies for the process of searching a solution. 8M b) Explain the decomposable problem with example.

7M

Unit – II 3. a) Explain simple relational knowledge. Discuss inheritable knowledge. 9M b) Discuss the basis of resolution.

6M

4. a) With neat diagram explain models of non-monotonic reasoning. 6M b) Consider the following facts:

i. Marcus was a man ii. All Pompeian were Romans iii. All Romans were either loyal to Caesar or hated him iv. All men are people v. People only try to assassinate rulers they are not loyal to Translate the above facts into predicate logic formula.

9M

Unit – III 5. a) With suitable example explain frame system? 8M b) Explain with neat diagram alpha and beta cutoffs.

7M

6. a) Write a note on scripts. 8M b) Explain minimax search procedure.

7M

Unit – IV 7. a) Write a note on understanding as constraint satisfaction. 8M b) Discuss the steps involved in natural language processing.

7M

8. a) Write a note on case grammars. 7M b) Explain learning by taking advice.

8M

Unit – V 9. a) Write a note on knowledge acquisition. 8M b) Write an algorithm for real time A*.

7M

10. a) Discuss four major problem facing current expert systems. 8M b) Explain how robots navigate through the world and manipulate objects. 7M

Hall Ticket No: Question Paper Code: A1536

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS) B. Tech VIII Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, April - 2016

(Regulations: VCE-R11)

DISTRIBUTED DATABASES

(Computer Science and Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Discuss briefly the levels of distribution transparency in distributed systems. 8M b) With an example explain horizontally fragmented relation.

7M

2. a) With example briefly explain derived horizontal fragmentation. 8M b) For the given query “SLdeptno=$x OR ndeptno=$y SUPPLY”, assume DEPT is global

relation having dept number, selection of deptno be parametric, generate a simplification of parametric query.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Discuss the model of query optimization technique. 7M b) Define false deadlock and explain briefly “2PL as a distributed concurrency control

method”.

8M

4. a) Describe basic SDD-1 algorithm for determining good query processing strategy. 8M b) List out and discuss the recovery procedure required to recover the data using log file.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Briefly discuss non blocking atomic commit protocol. 8M b) List out and explain the different types of catalogs available in distributed

management.

7M

6. a) Explain briefly 3PC protocol with the help of a diagram. 8M b) Define View resolution and materialization and identify key advantages of using views.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) With a neat diagram demonstrate the working of object server architecture. 8M b) Explain object migration technique used to move object from time to time between

sites.

7M

8. a) Discuss the alternatives in the design space and comment on their performance characteristics related to cache consistency.

8M

b) List out and briefly describe the more important requirements for transaction management in object DBMSs.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain the issues to be considered for query optimization technique. 8M b) With a neat diagram explain encapsulation of heterogeneous database.

7M

10. a) With a neat diagram explain CORBA architecture. 8M b) Discuss the alternative approaches of determining the cost of executing query at

component DBMS, also write the cost function for component DBMS. 7M



(AUTONOMOUS) B. Tech VIII Semester End Semester Regular Examinations, April - 2016


INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM

(Common to Computer Science and Engineering & Information Technology)

Date: 26 April, 2016 AN Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 75 Answer ONE question from each Unit

All Questions Carry Equal Marks

Unit – I

1. a) Define Information Retrieval System. Explain the selective dissemination of information process with a neat diagram.

7M

b) Compare and contrast between digital libraries and data warehouses in the information retrieval systems.

8M

2. a) Discuss the concept of Thesaurus for term “Computer” with the help of a neat diagram. 6M b) Mention the differences and similarities found between the use of fuzzy searches and

term masking and also list the browsing capabilities in a retrieval systems.

9M

Unit – II

3. a) State inverse document frequency algorithm and discuss the same algorithm briefly. 8M b) Summarize discrete Hidden Markov model and identify its limitations.

7M

4. a) Describe how PAT tree is constructed and also construct a PAT tree for the input “100110001101”.

8M

b) Explain discrimination value weighting algorithm with equation.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) What is clustering? Explain the process of clustering with the necessary steps. 8M b) Mention the different variety of similarity measures used to calculate the similarity

between the item and the search statement.

7M

6. a) List and explain in brief the key characteristics of intelligent agents. 6M b) Give the algorithm for solving a weighted Boolean query. Consider the following data:

Computer Program Cost Sale D1 0 4 0 8 D2 0 2 0 0 D3 4 0 2 4 D4 0 6 4 6 D5 0 4 6 4 D6 6 0 4 0 D7 0 0 0 0 D8 4 2 0 2

Compute for the query that ends up with a set containing all of items that contain the term “computer” and items not containing “program”. Compute for the query that contains all of set “cost” AND “sale” plus .25 of the set of “sale” NOT “cost”.

9M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – IV

7. a) Discuss features of different version of TREC(TREC 1, TREC2, TREC 3, and TREC 4). 8M b) With a diagram explain text streaming architecture related to text search technique.

7M

8. a) For the given input string I and search pattern S, apply Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm and show the searching steps.

S a b c a b c a c a b I b a b c b a b c a b c a a b c a

8M

b) Define aboutness, also discuss different types of aboutness.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) How do you enforce conditions on multimedia data? Give the classification of query predicates. Explain in brief.

8M

b) Discuss the role of database producers and vendors in document databases.

7M

10. a) Explain the syntax of MULTOS query in brief with a suitable explanation. 9M b) Write a short note on Online Public Access Catalogs (OPACs). 6M





AD HOC AND SENSOR NETWORKS (Information Technology)



Unit – I

1. a) What are MANETs? Briefly explain four important characteristics of a MANET. 7M b) With the help of a typical network topology, explain the following routing protocols:

i. Associativity based routing ii. QoS routing

8M

2. a) How routing over Ad-Hoc networks are classified? Explain. 7M b) What do you mean by Restricted Directional flooding? Explain the working of DREAM

routing protocol.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Illustrate about Broadcast Storm Problem with a suitable example. 8M b) Explain about:

i. Multicasting ii. Geocasting

7M

4. a) Why does TCP do not perform well in Ad-hoc sensor networks? 8M b) Write about TCP-Feedback and ELFN approach for Ad-hoc Networks.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) What do you mean by localization in WSN? With diagram explain trilateration method of localizing a node in WSN.

7M

b) Explain the working of following MAC protocols for WSN: i. EAR ii. STEM

8M

6. a) List any five applications of WSN. What is meant by Grand Duck Island Monitoring Network? Explain.

7M

b) Explain the working of Threshold sensitive Energy Efficient (TEEN) protocol for WSN.

8M

Unit – IV

7. a) What are the security requirements in Wireless Sensor Networks? Also explain security solution constraints.

6M

b) Explain about N-party Diffie-Hellman Key arrangement.

9M

8. a) Explain about Tree Based Generalized Diffie-Hellman Protocol. 8M b) How do you identify and Avoid Misbehaving nodes?

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Discuss in detail, the programming challenges in sensor networks. 7M b) With the help of a neat block diagram, explain MICA mote architecture.

8M

10. a) Explain NS-2 and its sensor network extension. 7M b) Write a detailed note on TinyGALS code generation. 8M





SATELLITE AND RADAR COMMUNICATIONS

(Electronics and Communication Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Define the Keplerian orbital parameters required to put a Satellite in geostationary orbit. Indicate their significance.

10M

b) Explain types of non geostationary satellite orbits and their uses for communication with examples.

5M

2. a) What is meant by Satellite attitude? Describe different forms of attitude control. 10M b) A Satellite downlink at 12GHz operates with a transmit power of 6 watts and an antenna

gain of 48.2dB. Calculate EIRP in dBW.

5M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the basic principle of transmission and reception of a direct sequence spread spectrum system (CDMA).

8M

b) What does G/T ratio indicate for earth stations? State the important steps in uplink design.

7M

4. a) Explain the concept of FDMA using appropriate block diagram and sketches. Discuss its advantages.

8M

b) Explain the TDMA Frame structure.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) What are the criteria to choose antennas for spacecrafts? Mention the main types of antennas used on spacecraft.

7M

b) Define antenna gain, efficiency, directivity and beam width for satellite antennas.

8M 6. a) Explain the applications of RADAR in detail. 8M b) The farthest and closest points in a satellite’s elliptical eccentric orbit from earth’s

surface are at a distance of 30,000km and 200km respectively. Determine apogee, perigee, semi major axis and also orbit eccentricity. Assume radius of the earth to be 6370km.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) With a neat block diagram explain the basic components and working of a pulsed RADAR.

8M

b) A RADAR system operates at 6Ghz, 3 mega watt power output. If the antenna diameter is 5m and receiver bandwidth is 1.5Mhz and has a 12dB noise figure, what is the maximum detection range for 1m2 targets?

7M

8. a) Discuss in detail about pre-assigned FDMA and demand assigned FDMA. 8M b) What is meant by uplink and downlink rain fade margin?

7M

Unit – V

9. a) With a neat block diagram and frequency response, explain continuous wave RADAR. 8M b) Explain the Doppler effect as a basis of continuous wave RADAR.

7M 10. a) Discuss limitations of tracking accuracy. 7M b) What are the methods used for reducing the multipath effects at low angles? 8M





WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS (Electronics and Communication Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Illustrate with timing diagram, how a call is established by a landline subscriber to a mobile user.

7M

b) Discuss the various upgrade paths involved in evolution from 2G to 3G technology.

8M

2. a) Compare Paging system, Cordless system and Cellular telephone system. 9M b) Explain conceptually how personal area network is achieved.

6M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain TDMA technique with the figure of frame structure. Differentiate between synchronous and asynchronous TDMA.

8M

b) Draw the architecture of CCS network and explain.

7M

4. a) Explain the packet radio protocols used for data transfer. 8M b) Explain the three services which provide wireless data services along with voice service.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) With a scenario depicting Mobile IP, list the operations that occur when IP datagrams are exchanged over a connection between mobile node and a host.

8M

b) What are the specifications necessary for a WLAN environment?

7M

6. a) Explain the three elements consisting of a WAP programming model with figure. What are the different protocols and models which make up the WAP specification? Explain WML.

8M

b) What are infrared LANs? Explain its strength and weakness and the transmission technique used in the same.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Represent the LLC PDU in a MAC frame format. What are the three different services provided by LLC?

8M

b) Explain the Bluetooth architecture with protocol stack.

7M

8. a) What are the advantages of IEEE 802.11a over 802.11b/g, and discuss the concept of channel scheme used in IEEE 802.11a standard.

9M

b) Explain the operation of piconet using Bluetooth state transition diagram.

6M

Unit – V

9. a) How is location management achieved in GPRS? 8M b) Discuss the different protocol entities of an ATM environment that support wireless

mobility.

7M

10. a) Discuss the reference architecture for SMS. 8M b) With a sketch of packet frame format, discuss the different functionalities of the fields of

the packet for WATM. 7M



(AUTONOMOUS) B. Tech VIII Semester Regular Examinations, April - 2016


LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN




Unit – I

1. a) What is the need for low power design? 6M b) With usual notations, show that the dynamic power dissipation of a CMOS inverter with

load capacitance CL is given by CLvdd2fc per cycle of the input.

9M

2. a) Discuss the various sources of leakage currents in a MOS transistor. 6M b) What are the various sources of power dissipation in a system? What are effects of

reducing supply voltage on the performance of the system?

9M

Unit – II

3. a) Briefly explain the estimation of switching activity in sequential logic circuit. 7M b) With an example explain how signal probability can be calculated using binary decision

diagram.

8M

4. a) Write the circuit diagram of n-type domino AND gate with n-type domino gate loads and comment on the power dissipation in domino CMOS gates.

7M

b) Discuss the Monte – Carlo based simulation technique for both sequential and combinational circuits for estimating average power.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) With neat figure, explain the low power approach in parallel and pipelined architecture. 8M b) With an example, explain power optimization using operation reduction and operation

substitution.

7M

6. a) Draw and explain a power efficient n-bit comparator using pre-computation logic. 8M b) With the help of neat figure, explain the application of architectural transform for IIR

filter.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Discuss in detail Dynamic and Domino logic. 10M b) Discuss the advantages and limitations of multiple supply voltages.

5M

8. a) Write brief notes on: i. Drain induced barrier lowering ii. Sub threshold swing

8M

b) Write a note on short channel effects.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) With the help of neat circuit diagram, explain the operation adiabatic dynamic logic (ADL) CMOS inverter.

7M

b) Briefly discuss the sources of software power dissipation.

8M

10. a) Explain the operation of adiabatic SRAM core. 7M b) Briefly discuss the software power optimization methods. 8M



B. Tech VIII Semester End Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, April - 2016 (Regulations: VCE-R11)

DESIGN OF FAULT TOLERANT SYSTEMS




Unit - I 1. a) Define the relation between the terms reliability and meantime for failure (MTBF). Explain

them in detail. 8M

b) Distinguish between failures and faults? Give examples.

7M

2. a) What do you mean by temporary faults in digital circuits? Explain with examples. 7M b) List the necessity of analyzing reliability and failure rate in digital circuits. Explain your

answer.

8M

Unit – II 3. a) Draw the comparison between functional and structural test considering the 64 bit adder. 7M b) Use D-Algorithm to derive a test for α=6/0 for the following circuit shown in Fig.1:

Fig.1

8M

4. a) Explain Boolean difference for deterministic test generation. 7M b) Use D-Algorithm to derive a test for α=g/1 for the following circuit shown in Fig.2:

Fig.2

8M

Unit – III 5. a) Explain Sift out Modular Redundancy (SMR) reconfiguration scheme in detail. 8M b) Differentiate between Static and Dynamic redundancy in fault tolerant design.

7M

6. a) Write a detailed note on the principle of operation of SMR with figure. Discuss its advantages and disadvantages.

8M

b) Describe elementary switch for self-purging systems with figure in designing fault tolerant systems.

7M

Cont…2

::2::

Unit – IV 7. a) Explain complementary logic to common mode fault. What are the advantages of using

complementary logic? 8M

b) Discuss the problems presented by VLSI systems.

7M

8. a) Explain the Nano block to implement a two input Boolean function and its dual. 8M b) Design a totally self-checking checker for a 2-out-of-4 codes.

7M

Unit – V 9. a) Explain the cross check approach to incorporate test circuitry into the basic cells used to

implement VLSI design. 8M

b) List the limitations of Reed-Muller expansion technique.

7M

10. a) Explain testable design of both sequential circuits and combinational logic circuits in detail.

7M

b) Explain controllability and observability in testing. 8M



(AUTONOMOUS) B. Tech VIII Semester Regular Examinations, April - 2016


UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY

(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Discuss the characteristics and suitability of single phase AC series motor for traction. 10M b) Explain the methods of speed control of 3phase induction motor.

5M

2. a) How do you classify industrial loads? Explain briefly. 7M b) The temperature rise of a motor after a continuous run on full load is 40ºC.The heating

time constant is 100minutes. How long can the motor be run at twice the continuously rated output without overheating? Efficiency of motor is maximum on full load.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Discuss the problems encountered in dielectric heating. List the applications of dielectric heating.

7M

b) A piece of insulating material 2cm thick, 120sq.cm in area is to be heated by dielectric heating. The material has a permittivity of 5 and pf of 0.05. The power input at 600V is 200W. Determine the frequency of the supply.

8M

4. a) With a neat sketch explain direct core type induction furnace. What are its drawbacks? 8M b) Explain with diagram seam welding and butt welding.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) Explain the diffusion principle as applied to the design of street lighting installations. 7M b) A filament lamp of 500W is suspended at a height of 5meters above working plane and

gives uniform illumination over an area of 8mts diameter. Assume efficiency of reflector as 60%. Determine the illumination on the working plane. Efficiency of lamp is 0.9watt per candle power.

8M

6. a) State and prove laws of Illuminations of a surface. 5M b) Discuss the different types of lighting schemes.

10M

Unit – IV

7. a) Mention the various types of electric traction and bring out the advantages and disadvantage of each type.

10M

b) Explain plugging as applied to DC series motor.

5M

8. a) What are the special features of traction drives? 7M b) Explain rheostatic braking of DC shunt and series motor. 8M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – V

9. a) For a trapezoidal speed time curve describing the motion of train between two stations

derive an expression for the maximum velocity attained by the train. 8M

b) An electric train has an average speed of 45kmph on a level track between stops 1800m apart. It is accelerated at 2kmphps and broken at 3kmphps. Draw the speed time curve for the run.

7M

10. a) Derive an expression for the total tractive effort exerted by a train while moving up a gradient.

7M

b) A 400T train moves up a gradient 1 in 75 at the rate of 1.6kmphps. Calculate the tractive effort exerted by the train assuming a rotational inertia of 10% and train resistance 50NW/T. If the above train is moving at a steady speed of 56kmph up this gradient and if the overall efficiency is 70%, find the specific energy consumption in watt-hr/tone-m.

8M





ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit - I 1. a) Explain the primary selective and secondary selective distribution system. 8M b) Write in detail about industrial and agricultural load, sketch their characteristics. 7M 2. a) Define the following terms:

i. Demand factor ii. Plant factor iii. Load factor

6M

b) Assume that one of the distribution transformer of riverside substation supplier 3 primary feeders, the 30min annual maximum demand per feeder are listed in the following table together with power factor at the time of annual peak load:

Feeder Demand in KW Power factor 1 1800 0.95 2 2000 0.85 3 2200 0.90

Assume diversity factor of 1.15 among the three feeders for real and reactive power: i. Calculate 30min annual maximum demand ii. Find load diversity in KW

9M

Unit – II 3. a) Discuss the factors to be considered in selecting a location for a substation and explain

the advantages of optimal location of substations. 7M

b) Compare the four and six feeder patterns of substation service area if they are thermally loaded.

8M

4. a) Explain the various factors affecting the primary feeder voltage level selection process. 8M b) With a help of neat diagram, explain the operation of radial type primary feeder.

7M

Unit – III 5. a) Explain single phase two wire lateral with ungrounded neutral. 8M b) A three phase express feeder has an impedance of 6+j20Ω per phase. At the load end, the

line to line voltage is 13.8KV and total three phase power is 1200KW at a lagging power factor of 0.8. By using the single phase equivalent method, determine the following: i. The line to line voltage at the sending of the feeder ii. The power factor at the send end iii. The copper loss

7M

Cont…2

::2::

6. a) Explain the single phase two wire lateral with multi grounded common neutrals. 8M b) Consider the three phase four wire 416-V secondary system with balanced per phase

loads at A, B and C as shown in below Fig.1. Determine the following: i. Calculate the total VD, or as it is sometimes called, voltage regulation, in one phase

of the lateral by using the approximate method ii. Calculate real power per phase

Fig.1

7M

Unit – IV 7. a) Explain the objective of the distribution system. 8M b) Explain automatic sectionalizers.

7M

8. a) Explain the coordination of recloser to fuse coordination. 8M b) Write a brief note on coordination of protective devices.

7M

Unit – V 9. What are the various benefits that can be derived from capacitor installation, explain all in

detail. 15M

10. Assume that the riverside substation has a bank of 2000KVA transformer that supplies a peak load of 7800KVA at a lagging power factor of 0.89, all 3 transformers have a thermal capability of 120% of nameplate rating, it has been already planned to install 1000KVAr of shunt capacitor on the feeder to improve the voltage regulation, determine the following: i. Whether or not to install additional capacitor on the feeder to decrease the load to

thermal capability of transformers ii. The rating of additional capacitors

15M





HIGH VOLTAGE DC TRANSMISSION AND FACTS (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Compare AC, DC power transmission system in detail. 7M b) Explain in brief the modern trends followed in HVDC technology.

8M

2. a) With the help of neat diagram and relevant waveforms explain the operation of 12 pulse converter.

10M

b) Explain the power and auxiliary control of HVDC system with the aid of block diagram.

5M

Unit – II

3. a) What is commutation failure in inverters? Describe the adverse effects of single commutation failure.

7M

b) A back to back HVDC link, with one bridge at each end is transmitting 100MW , with 100dV KV , if 015 , 018 , find dorV , doiV , rQ and .iQ Assuming

12 .cr ciR R

8M

4. a) Explain the operating principle and operation of DC circuit breaker. 8M b) With help of necessary circuit, explain the modeling of converter control scheme.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) What are harmonics? How are they categorized based on phase sequence, list the adverse effect of harmonics on power system.

8M

b) A double tuned AC filter at HVDC converter station has following parameters C1=0.77micro-Farads, L1=94.43mili-Henry, C2=31.69micro-Farad, L2=2.29mili-Henry, F=50Hz, V1=400KV, Compute w1, w2 and the reactive power Qr.

7M

6. a) What are triple tuned filters, analyze the operation of triple tuned filters with necessary equations.

11M

b) What are non characteristic harmonics? Explain its effects.

4M

Unit – IV

7. a) What are FACTS controllers? Why is it become necessary? Explain the possible benefits of facts controllers.

8M

b) Explain in brief the different categories of facts controllers.

7M

8. a) Explain the working principle of shunt connected controllers, mention its merits. 8M b) With help of neat diagram, explain the power flow in parallel paths.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) What are the objectives of shunt compensators? Explain the operating principle of thyristor switched capacitor.

8M

b) With the help of neat diagram, explain the operation of GTO-Controlled series capacitors.

7M

10. a) What are the objectives of series compensation? Explain how the power oscillation damping is provided by series compensators.

7M

b) Make a detail comparison between series and shunt compensation techniques. 8M





RELIABILITY ENGINEERING (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Define Reliability and discuss the probability distribution of discrete random and continuous random variables.

7M

b) A factory gets electric power from a generator (G) driven by a diesel engine (E). If the probability of failure of the (G) is 0.1 and that of (E) is 0.2, what is the probability of the system working satisfactorily?

8M

2. a) Discuss the Normal and binomial distribution used in reliability evaluation. 8M b) In a sample of 100 nails, 10 are found to be defective of the head, 15 are found to be

defective of the tail, 25 are found to have both the defects. What is the probability of packing a nail without any defect?

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Define reliability and explain the key terms used in the definition. 8M b) Define Hazard rate and derive the reliability function in terms of Hazard rate.

7M

4. a) What do you mean by failure? Discuss the different modes by which components fails. 7M b) Discuss the concept of bathtub curve with neat sketch.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) A system design requires 200 identical components in series. If the overall reliability must not be less than 0.99, what is the minimum reliability of each component?

5M

b) Derive a general expression for the reliability of the model shown in Fig.1 and hence evaluate the system reliability if all components have a reliability of 0.9.

Fig.1

10M

6. a) Discuss the methods of deducing the minimum cut sets with example. 7M b) Using tie set technique obtain the reliability of the following system shown in Fig.2, if

reliability of each component is 0.82. Also derive the equation used.

Fig.2

8M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain what is meant by limiting state probability and how it is evaluated for discrete Markov chain model of a single component repairable system.

8M

b) Given initial transitional rate of one component repairable model: 1 2 1 21 4 3 4

P

Evaluate the probability of being in state 2 after ‘3’ time intervals given that it is started in state 1 initially.

7M

8. a) Explain two state Markov process for a single component with repair and also get the steady state probabilities.

8M

b) The state space diagram and transition rates in f/yr of a continuous Markov process are shown in Fig.3. Evaluate the frequency of encountering and duration of residing in each of the three states.

Fig.3

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Write the data requirements for composite system reliability evaluation and explain detail.

7M

b) A system consists of three components in parallel. System success requires that at least one of these components must function. What is the probability of system success if the component reliability is 0.9? Use minimal cutset method.

8M

10. a) Explain briefly with example the reliability evaluation of system using network reduction methods.

7M

b) The failure rates of three components are 0.05f/yr, 0.01f/yr and 0.02f/yr respectively and their average repair times are 20hr, 15hr and 25hr respectively. Evaluate the system failure rate, average repair time and unavailability if all three components must operate for system success.

8M





DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain the necessity of sample and hold circuits in the analysis of digital control systems.

7M

b) Explain the operation of digital to analog converter using R-2R ladder network.

8M

2. a) Explain the digital control system with the help of neat block diagram. 8M b) Explain how the disadvantages of analog control systems can be overcome by digital

control systems.

7M

Unit – II

3. a) State and prove linearity of the Z – transform. 7M

b) Determine the inverse z-transform of

1( )1

aT

aT

eX zz z e

8M

4. a) Solve the difference equation using Z – transform: 2 2 1 2x k x k x k u k where 0x k for 0k and

1, 0, 1, 2....0, 0

u k kk

using partial fraction expansion method.

7M

b) Find the Z – transform of the following: cos , 0

0, 0x t wt t

t

te , 00, 0

aTx t tt

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Obtain two different state models for the following transfer function.

254713124

)()(

23

23

zzz

zzzzUzY

8M

b) Investigate the controllability and observability of the following system.

X(k+1) =

1121

X(k)+

0011

u(k)

Y(k) = )(1001

kX

7M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

6. a) For the linear discrete system shown below, find the state transition matrix.

)1()1(

2

1

kxkx

=

)(

)(32

10

2

1

kxkx

8M

b) Determine the state controllability and observability for the discrete control system represented by the following state equations.

)(020

)(320

032100

)1( kUkXkX

and y(k) = )(001 kX

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Determine the stability of the system when k=1, the open loop transfer function G(s) of

the system is 1 1

1

seG ss s s

8M

b) Consider the following characteristic equation: 3 21.3 0.08 0.24 0P z z z z

Determine whether or not any of the roots of the characteristic equation lie outside the unit circle in the z plane. Use the bilinear transformation and the Routh stability criterion.

7M

8. a) Define the following terms: i. Constant –Attenuation loci ii. Settling Time ts iii. Constant - frequency loci

6M

b) Examine the stability of the following characteristic equation and construct jury stability table for this equation 4 3 21.2 0.07 0.3 0.08 0P z z z z z .

9M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain how a stable system can be designed using bilinear transformation. 6M b) What is compensation technique? What for lead compensation is required? Explain

with necessary circuit diagram.

9M

10. a) What is the necessity of state observer? Obtain the state model of a full order state observer system with block diagram.

6M

b) A regulator system is described by .BuAXX

Where

100

&651

100010

BA .

The system uses a state feedback and the desired pole locations are at (-1 )1j and (-10). Determine a suitable state feedback gain matrix using Ackermann’s formula.

9M




POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

(Mechanical Engineering)



Unit - I 1. a) Distinguish between conventional and non conventional energy resources. 5M b) How do you classify coal? Explain any two in detail?

10M

2. a) Sketch and explain Chain Grate Stoker. 8M b) How do you classify pulverized coal firing system? Explain any one method with a neat

sketch.

7M

Unit – II 3. a) Explain the working of two stroke Diesel engines and how is it superior than 4 stroke

Diesel engine. 9M

b) How does the supercharging help to raise the volumetric efficiency of Diesel engine?

6M

4. a) Explain the various components of gas turbine power plants. 8M b) Gas turbine power plants can be used as emergency or auxiliary power plants. Why?

7M

Unit – III 5. a) Explain with a neat sketch the hydrological cycle. 7M b) Explain the difference between impulse turbine and reaction turbine.

8M

6. a) Explain briefly with relationships the theory of draft tube. 8M b) Explain the hydrograph and flow duration curve.

7M

Unit – IV 7. a) Sketch and explain Helio electrical energy and Helio thermal energy for the utilization of

solar energy. 8M

b) Sketch and explain how wind energy can be utilized by using typical wind mill.

7M

8. a) With a neat sketch explain different components of Nuclear reactor. 8M b) With a neat sketch explain Boiling Water reactor.

7M

Unit – V 9. a) Explain the method of magneto hydro dynamics power generation. 7M b) Explain how the power generated using fuel cells.

8M

10. a) Explain the following terms: i. Demand factor ii. Diversity factor iii. Load factor iv. Maximum and average demand

10M

b) Explain the load curve and load duration curve with an example. 5M





NDT TECHNIQUES




Unit – I

1. a) What is the need for NDT of structures? List any six NDT techniques. 8M b) Explain holographic recording and reconstructing process.

7M

2. a) What are the merits, demerits and applications of visual inspection? 9M b) Explain in-situ metallography technique.

6M

Unit – II

3. a) List and explain liquid penetrant materials with applications. 8M b) Write short notes on developers used in liquid penetrant inspection.

7M

4. Explain in details different steps in liquid penetrant inspection with example.

15M

Unit – III

5. a) With a neat sketch explain the method of determining internal flaws in a plate of uniform thickness using radiography.

10M

b) Mention the limitations of radiography inspection.

5M

6. a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of Ultrasonic inspection method? 6M b) Explain general characteristics of ultrasonic waves.

9M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain methods of generating magnetic field with necessary figures. 8M b) What are the principle operating variables encountered in eddy-current inspection?

7M

8. a) Explain magnetic particles and suspending liquids. Differentiate magnetic particle inspection from eddy-current inspection.

10M

b) What are the applications of eddy-current testing?

5M

Unit – V

9. a) Write short notes on: i. Magnetic Hysteresis ii. Comparator

10M

b) Explain helium leak testing procedure.

5M

10. a) With sketch explain the gas system pressure method with respect to leak testing. 10M b) Explain two types of acoustic emission waveforms. 5M




NON CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY




Unit - I 1. a) Discuss the brief effects of various parameters on performance of liquid flat plate

collector. 7M

b) Define and explain the following terms with neat sketch and give their mathematical expressions: i. Equation of time ii. Solar time iii. Declination iv. Hour angle v. Zenith angle

8M

2. a) With a neat sketch, explain the principle of high temperature power generation using heliostats and solar tower.

7M

b) Explain the following with reference to solar concentrator: i. Aperture area ii. Acceptance angle iii. Concentration ratio iv. Collector efficiency v. Intercept factor

8M

Unit – II 3. a) Give the classification of Solar energy storage systems and list the factors affecting the

cost of thermal storage system. 7M

b) With a neat sketch explain passive space heating by a Thermo wall.

8M

4. a) Derive an expression for the energy available in the wind. With neat sketches explain how the pressure and velocity of wind varies as it crosses the turbine blade?

8M

b) Define the following with respect to WECS and show how Cp is affected by these: i. Cut-off velocity ii. Furling velocity iii. Design Velocity

7M

Unit – III 5. a) How are the gasifiers classified? With neat sketch explain the working of updraft

gasifiers. 9M

b) With a neat sketch explain a Chinese bio gas digester. 6M

Cont…2

::2::

6. a) With a neat sketch explain the working of “flash steam open type system” geothermal plants.

7M

b) With a schematic flow diagram describe the working of a vapour dominated power plant. Also state the environmental problems associated with geothermal energy conversion.

8M

Unit – IV 7. a) With a neat sketch explain a hybrid cycle OTEC system. 7M b) Define the following with respect to tidal energy source:

i. Tidal range ii. Spring tide iii. Neap tide iv. Tidal cycle

8M

8. a) What are the factors considered for selecting a suitable site for tidal power plants? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of tidal energy.

8M

b) Write the classification of tidal plants and explain how the power can be obtained from tides.

7M

Unit – V 9. a) What is fuel cell and describe the principle of working of a fuel cell with reference to H2-

O2 cell. 7M

b) Explain basic thermionic generator with neat sketch.

8M

10. a) Write a short note on the following: i. Joule Thomson effect ii. Peltier effect iii. Seeback effect

8M

b) Explain the basic principles of magneto hydrodynamics power (MHD) conversion system. 7M





AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS AND INSTRUMENTATION (Aeronautical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. Write short notes on: i. High lift control systems ii. Trim and feel

15M

2. With a neat sketch explain the following: i. Simple mechanical/Hydraulic actuation ii. Mechanical screw jack actuator iii. Electro-Hydraulic actuator

15M

Unit – II

3. a) Explain the engine technology and principles of operations. 5M b) With a neat sketch explain the engine air management system.

10M

4. a) Explain the characteristics of fuel systems. 5M b) With a neat sketch explain typical civil aircraft fuel tank configuration.

10M

Unit – III

5. a) With a neat sketch explain the simple hydraulic system. 5M b) With a neat sketch explain the hydraulic pump technology.

10M

6. Explain Landing gear systems of: i. Nose gear and Main gear ii. Braking, anti-skid and steering

15M

Unit – IV

7. a) With a neat sketch explain engine bleed air control. 10M b) With a neat sketch explain liquid cooled systems.

5M

8. With a neat sketch explain the navigation system.

15M

Unit – V

9. a) Explain inertial sensing used in aircraft. 7M b) With the help of neat sketch explain the function of cabin pressurization.

8M

10. Write a note on the following: i. Airspeed indicator ii. Markov analysis iii. Flight deck display

15M





AIRPORT MANAGEMENT (Aeronautical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Explain in detail about air operator and briefly describe 6 models of owner/operator combination.

10M

b) What is the function of airport public relation manager?

5M

2. a) What are different navigational aids located in the airfield? 10M b) What are the different organizational structures used for airport management?

5M

Unit – II

3. a) What are the critical components of an Air Traffic Management system? 8M b) Explain the role of different ATM facilities in handling typical airline flight.

7M

4. a) Describe the components of airport terminal. 8M b) What are different specific facilities within a passenger building? Elaborate.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) What are the differences between rigid pavements and flexible pavements? 7M b) Discuss the mechanical methods of ice removal on airfield.

8M

6. a) What is aircraft deicing? How the aircraft deicing is accomplished? 5M b) What is biometrics and how it works? What are the most common methods for securing

the airport’s perimeter?

10M

Unit – IV

7. a) Mention the four categories of operating and maintenance expenses of airports and explain.

7M

b) What are the five operating revenues of airports and explain.

8M

8. a) Describe briefly residual cost approach and compensatory cost approach. 5M b) How are airport facilities and services priced?

10M

Unit – V

9. a) What is SIMMOD? Explain its functions. 7M b) Explain queuing diagram and discuss the importance of demand curve and service curve

on the queuing diagram.

8M

10. a) Explain the characteristics of airside delays. 7M b) What is demand management and explain administrative approaches to demand

management? 8M





AIR LINE MANAGEMENT (Aeronautical Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) Describe the three innovations pioneered by the major carriers in early 1980 that collectively represent a radical change from the regulated era.

10M

b) Define regional air carriers and their role in air transportation system.

5M

2. a) Define trunk, supplemental, and local-service carriers. Briefly describe their role in the pre-deregulation era.

7M

b) What is an organization plan? Describe any six principles of organization.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Write notes on hub and spoke and point to point system. 5M b) Elaborate fleet planning process and what is the information needed for fleet planning.

10M

4. a) Discuss the trend towards aircraft leasing. How will noise restrictions affect the aircraft purchases?

8M

b) What are the steps involved in airline planning process? Explain.

7M

Unit – III

5. a) What is the mission of scheduling and briefly explain the factors balancing public service and economic aspects of scheduling.

5M

b) What are the four basic schedule types used by the airlines in assigning their equipment. What is hub and spoke scheduling? What are its advantages and disadvantages?

10M

6. a) What are the determinants of elasticity? 5M b) What is pricing analysis? Describe steps in analyzing a fare increase and a fare decrease.

10M

Unit – IV

7. a) Discuss the factors affecting the air freight rates. 10M b) What are exception rates? Distinguish between general commodity rates and specific

commodity rates.

5M

8. a) What are the characteristics that favour for shipping commodities by air? Write the advantages of shipping commodities by air cargo.

8M

b) Discuss the special air freight services provided by air carriers.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Define revenue management and Elements of airline revenue maximization. 9M b) Define differential pricing and flight overbooking.

6M

10. a) Give applications of Origin and Destination nesting. 8M b) Describe network seat-inventory control model(nested) and briefly describe nesting by

fare class. 7M





ADVANCED STRUCTURAL DESIGN (Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. Design the cantilever retaining wall (only design of stem, toe slab and heel slab) for below given data. Levels back fill to retain 4.0m, The density of soil is 19KN/m3, angle of repose is 300, coefficient of friction between concrete and steel is 0.55 and SBC of soil 275KN/m2. Use M20 grade of concrete and Fe415 steel.

15M

2. a) Design the 4.0m height circular water tank with flexible base for capacity of 500,000lit by Approximate method. Use M25 grade of concrete and Fe415 steel.

7M

b) Design the R.C water tank of internal dimension 12.0m x 3.5m x 3.5m. The tank is to be provided underground. The soil surrounding the tank is likely to get wet. Assume tank is open at top. The density of soil is 1800kg/m3, design the tank for empty with surrounding soil is water-logged. Use M20 grade of concrete and Fe415 steel.

8M

Unit – II

3. a) Derive the expression for shallow bin based on AIRY’s theory. 8M b) Design a bunker (side walls only) to store the 300KN of Coal for the following data:

Unit weight of Coal=8340N/m3, Angle of repose is 300, permissible stress in steel is 230N/mm2 and M20 grade of concrete.

7M

4. An R.C Chimney having a mean diameter of 2.5m is reinforced with 60 bars of 16mm diameter. Assuming an effective wind pressure of 1400N/m2 on projected area, determine the maximum stress in concrete and steel at section 25.0m from top. Density of RCC is 24000N/m3.

15M

Unit – III

5. Design a welded plate girder of 20m span to support a uniformly distributed clause 8.6 live load of 75kN/m over the span using the following data: Effective span of the girder = 20m Distributed live load = 50kN/m Yield stress of steel = 250N/mm2 Top flange restrained laterally

15M

6. Design the steel truss girder members L2 L3& U2 U3 for given design forces as shown in Fig.1. The design forces are L2 L3 carries 1530KN (Tension) and member U2 U3 carries 1726KN (Compression).

Fig.1

15M

Cont…2

:: 2 ::

Unit – IV

7. a) Briefly discuss the economic span for bridges. 7M b) Explain Courbon’s reaction factor.

8M

8. Design an RC T-beam girder bridge to suit the following data: Clear width of roadway = 7.5m Span (c/c of bearings) = 16m Live load: = IRC class AA tracked vehicle Average thickness of wearing coat = 80mm Materials = M 25 grade concrete Fe 415 grade HYSD bars Using Courbon`s method, compute the design moments and shears, main girder and sketch the typical details of reinforcements.

15M

Unit – V

9. a) What is the difference between wind and earthquake forces? Explain. 6M b) Calculate the horizontal seismic coefficients for G+3 storied school building by Static and

Dynamic method. The data as follows: Zone-IV; T=0.2sec; Damping factor 5%; SMRF connections. Use IS: 1893-2002.

9M

10. a) What are the measures one can take for improving the ductility of a reinforced concrete structure?

7M

b) Why are inclined stirrups and bent up bars unsuitable for shear reinforcement in earthquake resistant design?

8M





INDUSTRIAL WASTE AND WASTE MANAGEMENT (Civil Engineering)



Unit - I 1. a) Discuss the effects of industrial waste water discharged into natural waters. 8M b) What are the factors governing stream sampling?

7M

2. a) Explain the following with respect to Process changes of industrial waste water: i. Strength reduction ii. Equalization of waste

7M

b) Write short notes on: i. Physical treatment ii. Chemical treatment

8M

Unit – II 3. a) Explain effects of industrial waste water on municipal wastewater treatment plant. 8M b) Write notes on municipal wastewater reuse.

7M

4. a) Explain the effect of disposal of industrial wastes on streams. 10M b) What is the impact of sewage treatment plants effluent on waterways?

5M

Unit – III 5. a) Explain process flow sheet and sources of waste water from a distillery. 8M b) Explain the sources of waste water from a tannery.

7M

6. a) What are the effects of receiving water course from a paper and pulp industry? 8M b) List the characteristics of effluent generated from a milk dairy.

7M

Unit – IV 7. a) Write the flow diagram of sugar manufacturing process and sources of waste water. 8M b) List the characteristics and their range of values of combined waste water from a sugar

industry.

7M

8. a) Draw the flow diagram of basic refinery operations. 8M b) List the characteristics of effluents generated from a steel mill.

7M

Unit – V 9. a) Explain different industrial waste disposal methods. 10M b) State the limitations of an industrial waste treatment plant.

5M

10. a) What are the practical problems with functioning of CETP’s? 8M b) Write explanatory notes on:

i. Stream standards ii. Legislation to control water pollution

7M





AIR POLLUTION AND CONTROL METHODOLOGIES (Civil Engineering)



Unit – I

1. a) List the sources and effects of air pollutants: i. Particulate matter ii. Sulphur-di-oxide

8M

b) Define air pollution. Distinguish between primary and secondary air pollutants with examples.

7M

2. a) Discuss the defensive mechanisms of human body against the effects of air pollution. 8M b) What are the harmful effects on human:

i. Carbon monoxide ii. Hydrocarbons iii. Insecticides

7M

Unit – II

3. a) Discuss about reduction of nitrogen oxides, catalytic reduction and lean operation methods.

8M

b) Explain the cause and effects of inversion of atmosphere.

7M 4. a) Write an explanatory note on air-fuel ratio. 7M b) What are the factors to be considered for industrial plant location? Explain.

8M

Unit – III

5. a) Define wind rose. Explain with sketch the importance of wind rose in air pollution studies.

6M

b) Explain the following: i. Radiation inversion ii. Adiabatic lapse rate iii. Subsidence inversion

9M

6. a) With a neat diagram illustrate the temperature profiles for different cases of atmosphere stability.

8M

b) What are topographical effects? Explain with suitable examples.

7M

Unit – IV

7. a) Explain with a neat sketch working of an electrostatic precipitator. 8M b) Explain with a neat sketch working of a fabric filter.

7M 8. a) Describe the sampling of suspended particulates by high volume air sampler. 8M b) Explain analysis of atmospheric samples by chromatography methods.

7M

Unit – V

9. a) Define emission standard and explain emission standards for mobile source and stationary source.

8M

b) Explain briefly the source correction methods used in various industrial operations to control air pollution.

7M

10. a) Discuss any two methods for monitoring nitrogen oxides and state their limitations. 8M b) Define air quality standards and explain ambient air quality standards. 7M

vardhaman college of engineering...9. a) explain the issues to be considered for query optimization...

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