vda2005_02012007 specification of surface finish

7/24/2019 VDA2005_02012007 Specification of Surface Finish

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VDA Recommendation February 2007

Geometrical Product SpecificationsEngineering Drawings

Specif ication of Surface Texture

VDA2005

Descriptors: surface texture, surface roughness, roughness, engineering drawingdrawing specification, drawing note

Page 1 of 32

VERBAND DER AUTOMOBILINDUSTRIE E.V. (VDA) Westendstrae 61, 60325 Frankfurt

Distribution: DOKUMENTATION KRAFTFAHRWESEN E.V. (DKF) Ulrichstrae 14, D-74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen

Contents

Page

1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................4

2 Normative references..........................................................................................................................4

3 Terms ..................................................................................................................................................5

3.1 Basic symbol .......................................................................................................................................5

3.2

Expanded symbol................................................................................................................................53.3 Complete symbol.................................................................................................................................5

3.4 Surface (texture) parameter................................................................................................................5

3.5 (Surface) parameter symbol................................................................................................................5

4 Specification of surface texture...........................................................................................................6

4.1 Profile parameters...............................................................................................................................6

4.1.1 Parameters based on the material ratio curve (DIN EN ISO 13565-2)...............................................6

4.2 Evaluation length ln .............................................................................................................................7

4.3 Tolerance limits for numerical values of surface parameters .............................................................7

5 Graphical symbols for the indication of surface texture......................................................................7

5.1 Basic symbol for the indication of surface finish .................................................................................7

5.2

Symbol for material removal ...............................................................................................................85.3 Symbol, if material removal is prohibited ............................................................................................8

5.4 Complete symbol.................................................................................................................................8

6 Specification of requirements..............................................................................................................9

6.1 Position of the surface texture specifications on the complete symbol...............................................9

6.1.1 Surface texture symbols (surface parameters, positions a and b)....................................................10

6.1.2 Number of sampling lengths .............................................................................................................10

7 Illustration..........................................................................................................................................11

7.1 Design and size of symbols ..............................................................................................................11

7.2 Arrangement of symbols on surfaces ...............................................................................................12

7.3 Collective specifications in the field provided in the drawing frame..................................................13

7.4

Requirements on depth of waviness Wt ...........................................................................................147.5 Surface requirements on dominant waviness ...................................................................................15

8 Preferred values................................................................................................................................15

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Page 2VDA 2005: 2007-029 Examples of entry .............................................................................................................................16

9.1 Tooth flanks ......................................................................................................................................16

9.2 Repeated form elements ..................................................................................................................16

9.3 Symmetrical parts .............................................................................................................................17

9.4 Different requirements on one surface ............................................................................................. 17

9.5 Contact surfaces...............................................................................................................................17

9.6 Radii, chamfers.................................................................................................................................18

9.7

Radii and chamfers without specific surface requirements ..............................................................19

9.8 Multiple requirements .......................................................................................................................19

9.9 Production process, surface character ............................................................................................. 20

9.10 Evaluation length ..............................................................................................................................20

9.10.1 Length of the evaluation length in the event of dominant waviness................................................. 21

9.11 Specification of the surface grooves................................................................................................. 21

9.12 Specification of the machining allowance.........................................................................................23

9.13 Simplified specification .....................................................................................................................23

9.14 Examples of entries for porous and plateau-like heavy-duty contact surfaces ................................ 24

10 Surface parameter for special functions........................................................................................... 24

10.1 Specification of transmission characteristic......................................................................................24

10.2

Meaning and specification of the evaluation length and the sampling length for special cases ...... 24

Appendix

Appendix A Summary tables (informative)...................................................................................................... 27

Appendix B Examples (informative)................................................................................................................29

Referenced standards......................................................................................................................................32


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Preface

Essential points relating to the indication of surface texture were changed in the standardDIN EN ISO 1302:2002 with respect to the preceding issue DIN ISO 1302:1993.

The new issue contains surface parameters, some of which are not common in the automotiveindustry, while other, previously common parameters are no longer standardized. In addition, new

rules, which were previously not the norm, were introduced to describe exactly the nature of thesurface along with new filters. This Recommendation was developed in order to maintain thecontinuity of the previous specifications and to keep the possible number of specifications for thegeneral case under control.

The following metrological basis applies:

The standardized filter is the Gaussian filter according to DIN EN ISO 11562.

The standard evaluation length for the R profile comprises 5 sampling lengths.

The original meaning for the maximum roughness depth, Rmax, and the designation are retainedand defined in VDA 2006.

The use of the short wave filter s is not permitted unless specifically requested in the technicalproduct documentation.

The long wave filter c is used.

The 16% rule is not applied. The actual values must not exceed or fall below the specifiedroughness values, as appropriate.

The motif parameters according to DIN EN ISO 12085 and the description of the height of surfacesfrom two vertical random components using the material probability curve according to

DIN EN ISO 13565-3 are not used because there is no experience with them.

Comparison of DIN EN ISO 1302/VDA 2005

DIN EN ISO 1302 VDA 2005

Motif parameters Not permissible

Rzmax 2,5 Rz 2,5

No longer standardized Rmax

Rz1max 2,5 Not permissible

Rz3max 2,5 0,8x3 / Rz 2,5

Rtmax 2,5 Not permissible

16% rule Not permissible

0,08-2,5 / Rz 6,3 Not permissible

Changes

The following changes have been made as compared to the 2002-07 issue:

The robust Gaussian regression filter according to VDA 2008 has been integrated into thisstandard, the Sections 2, 4.1.1, 4.2, 10.2 as well as the examples B.9, B.10 and B.11 havebeen adapted accordingly.

In VDA 2007 only one dominant form of waviness is defined, the Sections 7.5, 9.10.1 andthe examples B.11 and B.12 have been adapted accordingly. The Figures B.13 and B.14have been added.

Section 7.3: In the Figures 15 and 16, the letter "f" has been replaced by an "a".


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1 Scope

This Recommendation describes the rules applicable for specifying surface texture in technicalproduct documentation (e.g. drawings, specifications, contracts, reports) within the automotiveindustry by means of graphical symbols and textual indications. Its aim is to simplify the use of thenew edition of DIN EN ISO 1302 and it describes the normal case.

The surface specifications listed are recommendations. Particular requirements may necessitatethe use of other surface specifications.

The Figures given in this standard are examples to illustrate the relevant rule. They are completeonly insofar as they represent the described situation.

This Recommendation does not describe the specification of requirements for surfaceimperfections, such as pores and scratches.

The rules and procedures for assessing surface texture are defined in VDA 2006.

2 Normative references

The following normative documents contain specifications that, through reference in this text,constitute provisions of this VDA Recommendation. For dated references, subsequentamendments or revisions to this publication do not apply. Users of this VDA Recommendation arenevertheless requested to check whether it is possible to use the latest versions of the followingnormative documents. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative documentreferred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain directories of the valid internationalstandards.

DIN 6790-1:1980, Specification by Terms in Technical Drawings; Terms

DIN EN ISO 1302:2002, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Indication of Surface Texturein Technical Product Documentation

DIN EN ISO 3098-2:2000, Technical Product Documentation - Lettering - Part 2: Latin Alphabet,Numerals and Marks

DIN EN ISO 4287:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: ProfileMethod Terms, Definitions and Surface Texture Parameters

DIN EN ISO 4288:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: ProfileMethod Rules and Procedures for the Assessment of Surface Texture

DIN EN ISO 11562:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: ProfileMethod Metrological Characteristics of Phase Correct Filters

DIN EN ISO 12085:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: ProfileMethod Motif Parameters

DIN EN ISO 13565-1:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: ProfileMethod Surfaces having Stratified Functional Properties Part 1: Filtering and GeneralMeasurement Conditions

DIN EN ISO 13565-2:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: ProfileMethod Surfaces having Stratified Functional Properties Part 2: Height Characterization Usingthe Linear Material Ratio Curve


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DIN EN ISO 13565-3:2000, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture: ProfileMethod Surfaces having Stratified Functional Properties Part 3: Height Characterization Usingthe Material Probability Curve

VDA 2006: 2003, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS), Surface Texture:

Rules and Procedures for the Assessment of Surface Texture


Definitions and Parameters of the Dominant Waviness


"Robust Gaussian Regression Filter" Definition and Application

3 Terms

3.1 Basic symbol

Graphical symbol indicating that surface texture requirements exist, Figure 1.

3.2 Expanded symbol

Expanded basic symbol indicating that material is to be either removed or not removed in order toobtain a required surface texture, Figures 2 and 3.

3.3 Complete symbol

Basic or expanded symbol to facilitate the indication of additional surface texture requirements,Figure 4.

3.4 Surface (texture) parameter

Parameter expressing micro-geometrical properties of a surface.

3.5 (Surface) parameter symbol

Symbol indicating the type of surface texture parameter.

NOTE: Parameter symbols comprise letters and numerical values, e.g.: Ra 4, Rz 16, Rmax 25,Rpk 0,6, etc.


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4 Specification of surface texture

Surface specifications should only be made if they are required for the function of the surface.

In general, the following shall apply:

as coarse as possible and no finer than necessary for the drawing note,

as fine as necessary for production (even more so if this does not cause

additional expenditure)Surface specifications can be omitted if the normal production processes ensure that the endcondition of the surface is appropriate.

The parameter designation and the associated numerical values contain five pieces of informationthat are essential for the interpretation of the requirement:

which of the three surface profiles (R, W or P) is indicated (see Section 4.1);

which characteristic of the profile is indicated;

how many sampling lengths make up the evaluation length (if this is significant, see Sections4.2, 6.1.2, 9.10, 9.10.1 and 10.2);

how the indicated specification limits must be interpreted (see Section 4.3);

what cut off is used for measurement (see DIN EN ISO 4288).

The indication of a surface texture requirement must therefore contain both the designation of theparameters and the numerical value of the specified limit.

4.1 Profi le parameters

Profile parameters are standardized for the three surface profiles (R, W and P profiles).Profile parameters are defined using the Gaussian filter according to DIN EN ISO 11562.

4.1.1 Parameters based on the material ratio curve (DIN EN ISO 13565-2)

Table 1 lists designations of parameters that relate to the linear material ratio curve. Theparameters are only defined for the R profile. Unless otherwise specified, the definition ofparameters is based on a filter process according to DIN EN ISO 13565-1. The indication of thefilter type according to VDA 2008 takes precedence and overrules the compulsory combination ofspecial filter procedures and Rk parameter calculation.

Table 1 Designation of parameters based on the material ratio curve according to(DIN EN ISO 13565-2)

Parameter

Roughness profile parameters acc. to DIN EN ISO 13565-2Filtering acc. to DIN EN ISO 13565-1 or VDA 2008

Rk Rpk Rvk Mr1 Mr2


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4.2 Evaluation length ln

The surface texture requirements apply to the evaluation length.

If no indications are given for the evaluation length in the technical product documentation, e.g. inthe drawing, then the standard evaluation length applies to the R profile. This is made up of 5

sampling lengths. The length of a sampling length corresponds to the wave length limit c.For small surfaces, it must be noted that the scanned length comprises the standard evaluationlength, the running-in length and the running-out length. As the running-in length and running-out

length correspond to c/2 or c (depending on the measuring device and on the implementation of

the filter), the scanned surface must be longer by c or 2c than the length to be evaluated (in

general 6 x c or 7 x c).

However, the robust Gaussian regression filter according to VDA 2008 does not involve filterrunning-in and running-out lengths. Hence, the complete scanned length can be used forevaluation when evaluating measurement data of a plateau-like surface using the robust Gaussianregression filter.

If the surface to be measured is smaller than this, the number of evaluation lengths must beindicated (see also Sections 6.1.2 und 9.10). The length of the sampling length is stipulated inDIN EN ISO 4288:1998 in Tables 1 to 3.

For the P profile, the standard evaluation length according to DIN EN ISO 4288 has the samelength as the geometrical element to be measured. In the event that this cannot be realized e.g.due to equipment-related reasons, the evaluation length must be indicated appropriately.

4.3 Tolerance limits for numerical values of surface parameters

In the automotive industry, the following applies: If a value is specified for surface roughness, itrepresents the highest permissible value for theparameter (see also VDA 2006).If a lower limit is specified, then this mustbeachieved.

NOTE: The 16% rule is not applied.

5 Graphical symbols for the indication of surface texture

All the symbols indicated in DIN EN ISO 1302 are permitted. The symbol for all surfaces around aworkpiece outline shall be avoided.

5.1 Basic symbol for the indication of surface finish

The basic symbol shall consist of two straight lines of unequal lengths inclined at approximately 60to the line representing the surface in question, as shown in Figure 1. If the basic symbol accordingto Figure 1 is used alone (without additional information), this is not deemed to be a requirement.

Figure 1 Basic symbol for indication of surface texture

If the basic symbol is used with additional information (see Section 6), then no decision has yetbeen made as to whether removal of material is necessary in obtaining the specified surface

(see Section 5.2) or whether removal of material is prohibited (see Section 5.3).


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5.2 Symbol for material removal

If removal of material, e.g. by machining, is required to obtain the prescribed surface, a cross bar,as shown in Figure 2, shall be added to the basic symbol. The expanded basic symbol according toFigure 2 alone (without additional information) is still not a requirement.

Figure 2 Expanded symbol for material removal

5.3 Symbol, if material removal is prohib ited

If removal of material is not permitted to obtain the specified surface, a circle shall be added to thebasic symbol, as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Expanded symbol, if removal of material is prohibited

5.4 Complete symbol

When additional requirements for surface texture characteristics have to be indicated (seeSection 6), a line as shown in Figure 4 shall be added to the longer of the two lines in the graphicalsymbols illustrated in Figures 1 to 3.

a) Any production process allowed

b) Material removal is required

c) Material removal is prohibited

Figure 4 Complete symbol

For textual indications, e.g. in reports or contracts, the following abbreviations shall be used,bearing the following meanings:

Figure 4, Symbol a APA (any process allowed)

Figure 4, Symbol b MRR (material removal required)

Figure 4, Symbol c NMR (no material removal)

a b c


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6 Specification of requirements

The following surface parameters are used in the automotive industry to describe surface texture:

For homogenous surfaces

(average) roughness Rz

(arithmetic) average roughness Ra (see note)

maximum roughness Rmax

overall height of waviness profile Wt

overall height of the profiles of the dominant waviness WDt

average height of the profiles of the dominant waviness WDc

overall height of the primary profile Pt

NOTE: The arithmetic average roughness Ra is the arithmetic average of the absolute amountsfrom the individual roughness values within the evaluation length after the waviness has beenfiltered out. One disadvantage here is that individual outliers are not taken into consideration andthe level of information provided is thus very low. Nonetheless, the arithmetic average roughnesshas its legitimacy e.g. for providing surface specifications for semifinished products.

For porous and plateau-like heavy-duty contact surfaces

reduced peak height Rpk

core peak-to-valley roughness Rk

reduced score depth Rvk

For special applications, it may be necessary to specify other requirements in addition to a surfaceparameter and its numerical value, such as e.g. Mr1 and Mr2, sampling length, production process,surface position and orientation, machining allowance or other roughness parameters. SeeAppendices A and B for further details.

NOTE: The motif parameters according to DIN EN ISO 12085 and the description of the height ofthe surface from two vertical random components using the material probability curve according toDIN EN ISO 13565-3 are not used because there has been no experience with them.

6.1 Position of the surface texture specifications on the complete symbol

The positions of the different surface requirements on the symbol are shown in Figure 5.

a = Surface parameter and numerical value (numerical value in m)c = Production processb = Second surface texture requirement

(surface parameter, numerical value in m)d = Indication of the surface groovese = Machining allowance (numerical value in mm)

Figure 5 Positions (a to e) indicating additional requirements (designation areas on thecomplete symbol)

If a third or further requirements are to be indicated under position b, the symbol must be enlargedaccordingly in the vertical direction to create space for more lines. Positions a and b move upwardswhen the symbol is enlarged.

c

a

e d b


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6.1.1 Surface texture symbols (surface parameters, posit ions a and b)

If a value is indicated for the surface roughness and this is not marked with an L, it alwaysrepresents the highest permissible roughness value for the surface and may not be exceeded.

If there is only one surface texture requirement, then the surface parameter (e.g. Rz) and thenumerical value (e.g. 10) shall be arranged at position a in the complete symbol, see Figure 6.

Figure 6

If a minimum dimension is required, the surface parameter, numerical value and the letter L (lower)shall be arranged at the position a in the complete symbol, see figure 7. The minimum dimensionmust be achieved.

Figure 7

If two surface texture requirements are required, i.e. if an upper and lower limit are to be specified,the maximum dimension shall be arranged at position a and the minimum dimension at positionb in the complete symbol, see figure 8.

NOTE: U (for upper) and L (for lower) shall only be positioned before the surface parameter if thereis a risk of confusion.

Figure 8

A blank space shall be left between the indicated parameter and the limit value.

6.1.2 Number of sampling lengths

If it is necessary to indicate the number of sampling lengths (in the R and W profiles) or the lengthof an evaluation length (in the P profile), this shall be entered at position f as shown in Figure 9,

separated by an oblique stroke (see also Section 9.10). In the R profile and the W profile, the cfilter shall always be indicated with the number of sampling lengths.

P Profile R Profile or W Profile

f = length of the evaluation length (P profile)

Number of sampling lengths (R or W profile)

Figure 9

NOTE: The wave length limit for the long wave filter c is also designated as sampling length.

ab

L a

a

f / a cx f / a


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7 Illustration

7.1 Design and size of symbols

The size and line width of symbols is dependent on the lettering size used in the drawing to notedimensions, see Figures 10 and 11. It is not permitted to change the symbols, e.g. mirror-image

presentation.

Figure 10

Figure 11

The lettering in field c, Figure 11, can contain upper and/or lower case letters; the height of the field

can be larger than h, in order to accommodate a range of additional specifications.The dimensions of the symbols and additional specifications shall comply with Table 2.

Table 2

Dimensions in millimeters

h Size of numbers and letters, see DIN EN ISO 3098-2 2,5 3,5 5 7 10 14 20

d11)

Line width for symbols and letters 0,25 0,35 0,5 0,7 1 1,4 2

H1 3,5 5 7 10 14 20 28

H2 8 11 15 21 30 42 60

1) In CAD systems the line widths closest to these values shall apply.

depending on length of specification


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7.2 Arrangement of symbols on surfaces

Symbols and lettering (same size as dimension figures) are to be arranged such that they can beread from the bottom or from the right hand side of the drawing, with the drawing placed in thenormal reading position. The symbol points from the outside either directly to the part edge, to anextension line used as a lengthening of the part edge or if needed, to a datum line, the arrow ofwhich is to point from the outside to the edge of the part or extension line, see Figure 12.

The symbols of Figures 1 to 3 can be arranged as desired; however, the lettering is to be enteredaccording to the above-mentioned rule.

Figure 12

In general, surface requirements shall be entered individually on all surfaces where they arerequired. This also applies to opposing surfaces with the same surface texture.

In accordance with the basic principles of dimensioning, the symbol is to be entered only once for agiven surface, preferably in the view that also includes the dimensions of the surface. For rotatingparts the surface specifications are to be entered only once for each plane of a symmetricalrepresentation, see Figure 13.

Figure 13


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7.3 Collective specifications in the field provided in the drawing frame

By way of example, letters are assigned to the symbol for the individual surface textures inFigures 14 to 16.

If the same specification applies to all the surfaces of a part, then only a collective specification

shall be entered in the field Surface finish (if present) or near the title block, see Figure 14.

Oberflaechenbeschaffenheit

Surface finish

VDA 2005

Figure 14

If the same specification applies to most of the surfaces of a part, the collective specification shalllikewise be entered in the Surface finish field (if present) or near the title block, together with anadditional parenthesized basic symbol as shown in Figure 1, without further information.

NOTE: When using collective specifications, it can arise that small surfaces are overlooked andcannot be measured as a result of the necessary evaluation length (for the R profile). In this case,Pt can be measured or the surface texture can be compared visually, e.g. with surface comparisonsamples.

xx


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Symbols with surface specifications that indicate exceptions to the majority of the surface textureshall be specified at the respective surfaces in the drawing, see Figure 15.

If the deviating surface specifications on the drawing are uncomplicated and of limited scope, thecomplete surface texture may be parenthesized (see Figure 16) instead of the basic symbolaccording to Figure 15.

NOTE: The letters and numbers are provided by way of example.

OberflaechenbeschaffenheitSurface finish

VDA 2005

OberflaechenbeschaffenheitSurface finish

VDA 2005

Figure 15 Figure 16

7.4 Requirements on depth of waviness Wt

If the Wt value is specified below the roughness parameter Rz, both measuring values are validindependently, see Figure 17.

NOTE: The waviness shall only be specified if the function demands it.

Meaning: Rz 25 m

Wt10 m

Figure 17

Rz 25

Wt10

a1a1 a2


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7.5 Surface requirements on dominant waviness

There are 2 criteria for specifying the dominant waviness:

Dominant characteristics are permitted up to an upper limit value.

Dominant characteristics are permitted to a limited extent in a period length range with an

upper limit or with an upper and lower limit at the same time.The specification in the drawing is entered as follows, without indication of the validity range:

if the upper limit value for the average height of the profile elements from the dominant wavinessprofiles (WDc) must not exceed 1,6 m and the maximum height of the WD profile (WDt) must notexceed 2,5 m. The indication of the validity range in the drawing note is preferred.

The indications in the drawing for a limited period wave range and indications as to the evaluationlength are described in Section 9.10.1.

8 Preferred values

It is economically sensible to stipulate preferred values for surface parameters, considering that nomore than one digit after the decimal comma should be allowed.

For Rz, values from the following series should be selected:

0,4 0,6 1 1,6 2,5 4 6,3 10 16 25 40 63 100 160

WDc 1,6

WDt 2,5


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9 Examples of entry

The following figures and the corresponding requirements are examples of surface texturespecifications in technical product documentation (TPD), e.g. drawings.

9.1 Tooth flanks

In order to indicate the surface texture of tooth flanks that are not shown in the drawing, the surfacespecification shall be located on the reference circle, either in the section or in the view, seeFigure 18.

Figure 18

9.2 Repeated form elements

The surface texture of repeated form elements shall only be specified once, together with thedimension entry, as long as confusion with similar form elements is not possible, see Figure 19.

Figure 19

or


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9.3 Symmetrical parts

The surface texture of clearly and obviously symmetrical parts with a symmetry axis shall only beentered once, see Figures 20 and 21.

Figure 20 Figure 21

9.4 Different requirements on one surface

In the event of different surface textures on one surface, the area of the deviating requirement is

designated and dimensioned with a wide dash-dot line, see Figure 22.

Figure 22

9.5 Contact surfaces

In the case of contact surfaces of parts drawn in the assembled condition with identical surfacetextures, the requirements are entered according to Figure 23.

Figure 23


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9.6 Radii , chamfers

The surface texture for concave radii (fillets), convex radii and chamfers shall be indicated on thedimension line of the radius or on a special line that points to every form element, see Figure 24.

Figure 24

If the surface texture of all radii is the same, a general note with the corresponding symbol isentered in the Surface finish field (if present) or near the title block, see figure 25. As a result, theindividual specification on the drawing is omitted.

NOTE: When specifying the surface texture for radii and chamfers, it is important to note that it isoften impossible to perform an actual measurement because the available evaluation lengths aretoo short. In this case, a visual inspection, e.g. using surface comparison samples, may beperformed, see also Section 9.7.


Surface finish

VDA 2005

Figure 25

Rz 25Radii


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9.7 Radii and chamfers without specific surface requirements

If both the surfaces adjacent to the radii or chamfers can be measured using the relevantmeasuring equipment, the following rule shall apply:

Concave radii (fillets) for which no surface textures are expressly specified shall have the finish of

the smoother adjacent surface requirement, see Table 3.

Table 3

Drawing example

Design of concaveradii and chamfers

Convex radii and chamfers for which no surface textures are expressly specified shall have thefinish of the rougher adjacent surface requirement, see Table 4.

Table 4

Drawing example

Design of convexradii and chamfers

If only the longer of the adjacent surfaces can be measured using the relevant measuringequipment, the same surface specification shall apply to the adjacent radius or chamfer.

9.8 Multiple requirements

If minimum roughness information is also required on specific functional surfaces, e.g. for ensuringthe adhering capabilities of an oil film or for surfaces that are to be joined using an adhesive, thenthe maximum value shall be specified on the symbol above the minimum value, see Section 6.1.1and Figure 27. If several different roughness requirements are necessary on one surface, they

shall be positioned one under the other, see Figures 26 and 27.

Figure 26 Figure 27

Rz 6,3 Rz 2,5 Rz 16 Rz 25

Rmax 4Rz 1,6

Rmax 25Rz 16Rz 4

Rz 6,3 Rz 25 Rz 25 Rz 25


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9.9 Production process, surface character

If a specific production process or surface character is required for individual surfaces, this shall benoted in unabbreviated format on the extension line of the symbol. The terms refer to the finalsurface condition.

Caution! The final surface condition is called, e.g. according to DIN 6790-1, lapped not lap, see

Figures 28 to 34.If a surface with a specific surface texture must be post-treated, the area shall be identified with awide dash-dot line on which the process shall be entered, see Figure 35.

Figure 28 Figure 29 Figure 30 Figure 31

Figure 32 Figure 33 Figure 34 Figure 35

9.10 Evaluation length

For the P profile, the standard evaluation length according to DIN EN ISO 4288 has the samelength as the geometrical element to be measured. In the event that this cannot be realized, e.g.due to equipment-related reasons, the evaluation length must be specified. In Figure 36, theevaluation length is specified as 4 mm.

For the R profile, the standard evaluation length comprises 5 sampling lengths (5 x c), see alsoSection 4.2. If the surface to be tested is too small, the number of sampling lengths can be reducedand specified, see Figure 37.

Figure 36 Figure 37

4 / Pt 25

honed

Rz 1

lapped

Rz 1 6

plunge-cut ground

Rz 6,3

polished

Rz 1,6

burnished

Rz 1

twist-free

Rz 25

bright

Rz 4

30

shot-peened

Rmax 6,3

0,8x3/Rz 6,3


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9.10.1 Length of the evaluation length in the event of dominant waviness

The evaluation length is specified according to DIN EN ISO 4288, Table 2. The designer alsoensures that the wave lengths of dominant waviness lie within the evaluation zone. Whenspecifying a validity range, the evaluation lengths must be at least five times the period length (seeVDA 2007). The upper and lower limits of the period lengths are dependent on the function of the

surface; the minimum lower limit is 0,02 mm.

An example of a drawing specification with an upper limit value for the period length is provided inFigure 38, while one with an upper and lower limit is illustrated in Figure 39.

Figure 38 Figure 39

9.11 Specification of the surface grooves

If a specific groove direction is required, the appropriate symbol as indicated in Table 5 shall beadded to the surface texture symbol, see Figure 40.

Whenever the groove direction cannot be clearly described by a symbol from Table 5 or if aspecific groove direction is to be excluded, this information shall be added to the productionprocess details, see Figure 41.

Figure 40 Figure 41

ground

Rz 16

grooves not in

axial direction

ground

Rz 16

1,2x5/WDc 1,6 0,3-1,2x5/WDc 1,6


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Table 5 Symbols for the groove direction

Symbol Explanation

=Parallel to the plane of projectionof the view in which the symbol is

used.

Perpendicular to the plane ofprojection of the view in which the

symbol is used.

XCrossed in two oblique directions

relative to the plane of projection ofthe view in which the symbol is

used.

M Multi-directional

CApproximately centrical relative tothe center of the surface to which

the symbol applies.

RApproximately radial relative to the

center of the surface to which thesymbol applies.

P Non-grooved surface, undirectionalor pitted

NOTE: If a groove direction that is not clearly captured by a symbol is to be indicated, it shall bedescribed in an additional note in the drawing, see Figure 41.

groove direction

groove direction

groove direction


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9.12 Specification of the machining allowance

The machining allowance is generally specified only in those cases where several process stagesare illustrated in the same drawing. Machining allowances are therefore found e.g. in blank-component drawings of cast and forged workpieces, in which the finished workpiece is shown inthe blank-component drawing. The indication of machining allowances by a defined symbol is notapplicable to textual indications.

When the machining allowance is specified, it may occur that this requirement is the onlyrequirement added to the complete symbol. The machining allowance may also be specified inconjunction with a normal surface texture requirement, see Figure 42.

Figure 42

9.13 Simplified specification

If complicated entries are to be repeated or if there is insufficient space on the drawing, the basicsymbol is entered for the relevant surface with a letter and the meaning is explained near thedrawing title block, see Figure 43. Lower case letters should be used to this end, preferably fromthe end of the alphabet.


Surface finish

VDA 2005

Figure 43

ground

turned


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9.14 Examples of entries for porous and plateau-like heavy-duty contact surfaces

The surface parameters Rpk, Rk and Rvk are enteredin the drawing as described in Section 6, see Figure 44.

Figure 44

10 Surface parameter for special funct ionsFor special functions, it may be necessary to deviate from the normal specifications described inthe foregoing sections and to stipulate different surface texture requirements.

In this event, Figure 45 shall be used as the basis.NOTE: Examples for surface texture specifications, see Appendices A and B.

10.1 Specification of transmiss ion characteristic

As a rule, a short wave filter s, in addition to the long wave filter, is not permitted according toVDA 2006. The exception to this rule is where this is expressly specified in a drawing. In this case,the transmission characteristic shall be specified before the parameter designation, separated byan oblique stroke (/).The transmission characteristic is specified in the form of the values of the filters' wave length limits(in mm), separated by a hyphen (-). The short wave filter is given first, followed by the long wavefilter, e.g.:

MRR 0,0025-0,8 / Rz 4

in text in drawings

10.2 Meaning and specification of the evaluation length and the sampling length forspecial cases

Certain parameters are defined on the basis of the sampling length while others are defined on the

basis of the evaluation length. If the evaluation length is not specified before the parameterdesignation, this means that the requirement is based on the standard evaluation length, seeSection 4.2.

If a particular evaluation length is required, e.g. 0,8x16 / Rz 6,3, this yields an evaluation length of0,8x16 = 12,8 mm. As this evaluation length cannot be processed by all measuring equipment particularly older models the evaluation length that comes closest to the limit value shall be seton the device, e.g. 12,5 mm.

NOTE: In those cases where the number of sampling lengths within the evaluation length is notdefined, this must be specified.

0,0025-0,8 / Rz 4


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a b c d e f g

Surface

parameterLower

specified

limit L

Type of filterTransmission

characteristic

Number of

sampling

lengths ProfilePara-

meter

Limit value

L X 0,08 0,8 3 Rz 3,3

h i k

Type of

production

Direction of

surface

grooves

Production

process

a) Specification of the lower (L) specified limit refer to Section 6.1.1 for details

b) Filter type X. The standardized filter is the Gaussian filter (DIN EN ISO 11562). Thepreviously standardized filter was the 2 RC filter. During the transition period, it may beappropriate for some companies to specify the filter type in the drawing. The filter type can bespecified as Gaussian or 2RC. This is not standardized, but specification of the filterdesignation as suggested here is unambiguous. Other filters shall be specified.When using the robust Gaussian regression filter acc. to VDA 2008, "FPRRG" is indicated.

c) The transmission characteristic is specified as short-wave, long-wave filter, see Section 10.1.

d) Number of sampling lengths - refer to Sections 4.2, 6.1.2, 9.10 and 10.2 for details.

e) Profile parameter refer to Section 6 for details.

f) For general purposes, the normal parameter is Rz. See Section 6.

For porous and plateau-like heavy-duty contact surfaces Rk, Rpk and Rvk shall be indicated.

g) Limit value in micrometersh) Type of production refer to Sections 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4 for details.

i) Surface groove direction - refer to Section 9.11 for details.

k) Production process - refer to Section 9.9 for details.

Figure 45 - Specification of the surface texture requirements in engineering drawings forspecial functions

L X 0,08 - 0,8 x 3 / Rz 3,3

ground


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Table 6 lists surface parameters for auxiliary and special functions and their meaning. Figure 45illustrates how the different determining elements are to be indicated in the drawing.

Table 6 - Surface parameters for auxil iary and special functions

Code Parameter Defining standard ExplanationZt Height difference

of the profile elementVDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 4287

-

Pp, Rp, Wp Heigt of the largestprofile peak

VDA 2006 andDIN EN ISO 4287

-

Pv, Rv, Wv Depth of the largest profiletrough

VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 4287

-

Pz Average profile height VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 4287

Pz always equals Pt

Wz Average depth of waviness VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 4287

-

Pc, Rc, Wc Average height of theprofile elements

VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 4287

-

Rt Overall height of the

roughness profile

VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 4287

Parameter is not suitable for

characterizing roughnessPq, Rq, Wq Quadratic average roughness VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 4287

Corresponds to the standarddeviation of the amplitude density

Psk, Rsk, Wsk Incline of the amplitudedensity

VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 4287

-

Pku, Rku, Wku Steepness of the amplitudedensity

VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 4287

-

Psm, Rsm, Wsm Average groove width VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 4287

-

Pq, Rq, Wq Quadratic average valueof the profile slope

VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 4287

-

Pmr, Rmr, Wmr Material ratio VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 4287

Pmr identical to former tpa and Rmridentical to former tpi

Pc, Rc, Wc Height difference between2 intersection lines

VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 4287

-

Mr1 Material ratio VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 13565-2

Surface portion at the upper limitof the bearing roughness core profile

Mr2 Material ratio VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 13565-2

Surface portion at the lower limitof the bearing roughness core profile

Rpq, Ppq

Rvq, Pvq

Rmq, Pmq

Parameters for surfaces withdual machining

VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 13565-3

In the event of dual machining orwear inspections

Pmr(c)

Rmr(c)

Wmr(c)

Material ratio curve

(Abbott curve)

VDA 2006 and

DIN EN ISO 4287

For measurement resultdocumentation;

load-bearing characteristics


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Appendix A Summary tables (informative)

A.1 Symbols wi th surface texture speci ficat ion

No. Symbol Meaning / Explanation

A.1.1

Machining that removes material is not permitted,unilateral specified upper limit,R profile,largest average roughness 25 m(maximum permissible roughness value),evaluation length comprising 5 sampling lengths

A.1.2

Material must be removed by machining,maximum roughness within the whole evaluation length,R profile,largest maximum roughness 4 m,evaluation length comprising 5 sampling lengths

A.1.3

Material must be removed by machining,unilateral specified upper limit,R profile,largest average roughness 3,2 m (maximum permissibleroughness value),evaluation length comprising 5 sampling lengths

A.1.4

Material must be removed by machining,unilateral specified upper limit,R profile,

largest average roughness 2,5 m (maximum permissibleroughness value),evaluation length comprising 3 sampling lengths

A.1.5

Machining that removes material is not permitted,bilateral specified upper and lower limit,R profile,upper limit: average roughness 40 m,lower limit: average roughness 25 m,evaluation length comprising 5 sampling lengths,upper and lower limit must not be exceeded or fallen below.

A.1.6

Material must be removed by machining,unilateral specified upper limit,

P profile,profile overall height 25 m (maximum permissible value),evaluation length is the same as the workpiece length.(This is not economical for long lengths; in such cases theevaluation length may have to be limited, e.g. to 8 mm.)

Rz 25

Rmax 4

0,8x3 / Rz 2,5

Rz 40Rz 25

Pt 25

Ra 3,2

8 / Pt 25


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A.2 Symbols wi th supplementary speci ficat ions

(These specifications can be used together with appropriate symbols from A.1).

No. Symbol Meaning

A.2.1

Production procedure, milled (see 9.9)

A.2.2

Surface pattern: groove direction at right angles to the plane ofprojection of the view (see 9.11)

A.2.3

Machining allowance 3 mm (see 9.12)

NOTE: The manufacturing method, the surface sample and the machining allowance are only given asexamples.

A.3 Symbols for s impl if ied drawing notes

No. Symbol Meaning

A.3.1

A.3.2

The meaning of the symbol is specified in the drawing near thetitle block (see 9.13)

milled

3

y z


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Appendix B Examples (informat ive)

No. Specification Example:

B.1 Surface roughness:

- Bilateral specification

- Upper limit of the specification, Rz = 25 m

- Lower limit of the specification, Rz = 6,3 m

- Both: highest permissible roughness value

- Standard evaluation length (5x c)

- Surface grooves approximately circular around the centerpoint

- Production process: milling

NOTE: Given the large roughness tolerance, a variable cut offwould have to be used for measurement. As this is noteconomical, the cut off is specified.

B.2 Surface roughness on all individual surfacesexcluding one:

- Single, unilateral specification of upper limit

- Rz = 6,3 m

- Highest permissible roughness value


- Surface groove direction, no requirement

- Production process: material is removed

The individual surface with a different requirement has thefollowing surface roughness:


- Ra = 1,6 m



- Surface groove direction, no specification


NOTE: Can only be specified if the standard evaluation lengthcan be used on all surfaces.


- Two unilateral specified upper limits

- Rz = 1,6 m

- Highest permissibleroughness value

- Standard evaluationlength (5x c)

- Rmax = 6,3 m

- Maximum roughness

- Standard evaluation length(5x c)

- Surface groove direction approximately at right angles tothe plane of projection of the view

- Production process: grinding

milled

0,8x5 / Rz 250,8x5 / Rz 6,3

c

ground

Rmax 6,3Rz 1,6


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- Rz = 1 m



- Surface groove direction, no specification

- Surface treatment: nickel/chromium coating

Surface roughness:

- A unilateral upper specification and a bilateral specification

- Unilateral, Ra = 3,2 m

- Highest permissible arithmetic average roughness


- Bilateral

- Specified upper limit Rz = 16 m

- Specified lower limit Rz = 6,3 m

- Both: Standard evaluation length (5x c) but different cut off

B.5

- Surface groove direction, at right angles to the plane ofprojection

- Surface treatment: nickel/chromium coating

B.6 The surface texture specification and the dimensioning can becombined by using the same extension line.

Surface roughness on the chamfer:


- Rz = 2,5 m




Production process: material is removed

Surface roughness on the side surfaces of a key groove:

Single, unilateral specification of upper limit

Rz = 6,3 m

Highest permissible roughness value

Standard evaluation length (5x c)

Surface groove direction, no specification

Production process: material is removedB.7 Surface texture and dimensioning can be specified

- together on an extension line or

- separately on the relevant projection and dimension lines.

Common parameters for all three roughness requirements inthe example are:


- One after the other: Rz = 1,6 m; Rz = 6,3 m; Rz = 40 m





Fe//Ni20pCrr

Rz 1

Fe//Ni10bCrr

Ra 3,2Rz 16Rz 6,3


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B.8 Specification of surface texture, dimensioning and machiningprocess. The example illustrates three consecutive productionprocesses or stages.

1ststage:

Single, unilateral specification of upper limit

Rz = 1,6 m



Surface groove direction, no requirement


2nd

stage:

No surface requirements, other than:

Chromium coating

3rd

stage:

A single, unilateral specified upper limit, only valid for the

first 50 mm of the cylinder surface

Rz = 6,3 m



Surface groove direction, no requirement

Production process: grinding

B.9 Surface roughness: The application of the robust Gaussian regression filter is

compulsory.

Specification of the upper limits for Rpk, Rk, Rvk



B.10 Surface roughness: The application of the robust Gaussian regression filter is

compulsory.

Specification of the measurement conditions: c=0,8 mm,16 sampling lengths

Specification of the upper limits for Rpk, Rk, Rvk

Specification of the lower limit for Rvk


B.11 Dominant waviness: The application of the robust Gaussian regression filter is

compulsory. Dominant projections are not permitted

A unilateral specified limit for the surface roughness Rz =1,6 m

Production process: grinding

B.12 Dominant waviness: Upper limit value for the average profile height of the

dominant waviness 1,6 m

Maximum roughness Rmax = 6,3 m

Production process: turning

ground

FPRRG / Rpk 0,5

FPRRG / Rk 1,2

FPRRG / Rvk 1,5

FPRRG0,8 x 16/Rpk 0,5

FPRRG0,8 x 16 /Rk 1,2

FPRRG0,8 x 16/Rvk 2

FPRRG0,8 x 16/Rvk 0,8

ground

FPRRG Rz 1,6

WDc 0

turned

Rmax 6,3

WDc 1,6


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B.13 Dominant waviness: Definition of the validity range from 0,02 to 1,2 mm

Minimum evaluation length = 6,0 mm

Upper limit value for the average profile height of thedominant waviness 1,6 m within the validity range

A unilateral specified limit for the surface roughness Rz =6,3 m

B.14 Dominant waviness: Definition of the validity range from 0,3 to 1,2 mm

Minimum evaluation length = 6,0 mm

Upper limit value for the overall height of the WDprofile 2,5 m within the validity range

Maximum roughness Rmax = 6,3 m

Referenced standards1

DIN EN ISO 3274:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface Texture: ProfileMethod - Nominal Characteristics of Contact (Stylus) Instruments

DIN EN ISO 5436-1:2000, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface Texture: ProfileMethod; Measurement Standards - Part 1: Material Measures

1In this Section, terminological inconsistencies may occur as the original titles are used.

Rz 6,3

1,2x5/WDc 1,6

Rmax 6,3

0,3-1,2x5/WDt 2,5


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VDA-Recommendation July 2002

Geometrical Product SpecificationsTechnical Drawings

Specification of Surface TextureBrief Version

VDA2005

Appendix 1

Descriptors: surface finish, surface texture, surface roughness, roughness, technicaldrawing, drawing specification, drawing entry, drawing note

Page 1 of 5

VERBAND DER AUTOMOBILINDUSTRIE E.V. (VDA) Westendstrae 61, 60325 Frankfurt

Vertrieb: DOKUMENTATION KRAFFAHRTWESEN E.V. (DKF) Ulrichstrae 14, D-74321 Bietigheim-Bissingen

1 Scope

This appendix describes standard cases for the specification of surface texture in technical produc-tion documentation for the automobile industry.It is a summary of VDA 2005.

2 Basis

2.1 General principles

Surface specifications should only be made if they are required for the function of the surface.

In general, the following shall apply:

- as coarse as possible and no finer than necessary for the drawing entry,

- as fine as necessary for production(even more so if this does not cause additional expenditure)

Surface texture specifications can be omitted if the normal production processes ensure that the

end condition of the surface is appropriate.The specified limit value represents the highest permissible value.

If a lower limit is specified, then this must be achieved.

The 16% rule is not applied.


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Page 2VDA 2005 Appendix 1: 2002-07

2.2 Metrological basis

The standardized filter is the Gaussian filter according to DIN EN ISO 11562.

The normal evaluation length comprises 5 sampling lengths.Rz is the arithmetic average of the heights of the largest profile peaks and the depths of thedeepest profile troughs of five consecutive sampling lengths

(see figure 1)5

ZZZZZRz 54321

++++=

The original meaning and the designation of the maximum roughness Rmax are retained.

Rmax is the highest value of the measurement of all sampling lengths (see figure 1).

The use of the short wave filter s is not permitted.

The long wave filter c is used.

Run-in length Run-out length

Figure 1 Forming the parameter Rmax from the roughness profile

Figure 2 - Arithmetic average roughness Ra

The arithmetic average roughness Ra is the arithmetic average of the absolute amounts from theindividual roughness values within the evaluation length after the waviness has been filtered out.One disadvantage here is that individual freak values are not taken into consideration and the levelof information it provides is thus very low. Nonetheless, the arithmetic average roughness has itslegitimacy, e.g. for providing surface specifications for semifinished products.


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3 Division of the possible surface specifications into individual elements

Surfaceparameter

Lowerspecified

limit L(if necessary)

Type of filter(if deviatingfrom 2.2)

Samplinglength

Number ofsamplinglengths

(if deviatingfrom 2.2)

ProfilePara-meter

Limit value

Type of pro-duction

Surface layProduction

process

3.1 Explanation of the individual elements

3.1.1 Specifications of upper and lower (L) limits

Normally: Generally only the upper limit (surface parameter + limit value)is specified, e.g.:

The upper limit must not be exceeded.

Special case: In exceptional cases, there is the option of specifying only the lower limit (with the

prefix L). If both the upper and lower limits are specified, then the upper limit is positioned on topwith the lower limit beneath it (without additional marking), e.g.:

The upper limit may not be exceeded and the lower limit must be achieved.

L X 0.8 x 3 / Rz 3.3

ground

L Rz 6.3 Rz 25Rz 6.3

Rz 25


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3.1.2 Type of profile filter

The standardized filter is the Gaussian filter (DIN EN ISO 11562).

No specification is required.

3.1.2.1 Wave length limit

If there is a deviation from the wave length limit c (cut off) assigned to the roughness(see DIN EN ISO 4288), the wave length limit and the number of evaluation lengths must be speci-fied even if the normal evaluation length is used, e.g.

0.8x5/Rz 0.4

3.1.3 Surface parameter

For all general applications, the normal roughness parameter Rz (according to DIN EN ISO 4287)shall be entered in the drawing.

In individual cases (e.g. surface specifications for semifinished products) it is useful to specify theRa value.

Depending on the function, it can be useful to specify further parameters such as Rmax.

For porous and stratified heavy-duty contact surfaces, e.g. cylinder faces, the normal roughnessparameter Rk may be supplemented by Rpk and Rvk (according to DIN EN ISO 13565-2).

For special applications, the appropriate parameter must be taken from the standards

DIN EN ISO 4287 and DIN EN ISO 13565-2.

3.1.4 Evaluation length

Normally: No evaluation length is specified for roughness parameters.

Thus the normal evaluation length applies.

The normal evaluation length ln comprises five sampling lengths lr

(see figure 1).

E.g.:

Specialcase:

If, e.g., the workpiece surface is very small such that the normal evaluation lengthcannot be used, the number of sampling lengths must be specified on the symbol.

E.g.:

Rz 25

2.5x3/Rz 25


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3.1.5 Preferred values

It is commercially sensible to stipulate preferred values for surface parameters, whereby no more

than one point after the decimal point should be allowed.

For Rz, values from the following series should be selected:

0.4 0.6 1 1.6 2.5 4 6.3 10 16 25 40 63 100 160

3.1.6 Type of production

Normally: All the symbols specified in section 5 of VDA 2005 are permitted.

NOTE The symbol for all surfaces around a workpiece outline detailed in DIN EN ISO 1302 shallbe avoided.

3.1.7 Surface lay and structure thereofNormally: No specification = any surface lay

3.1.8 Production process

Normally: No specification = any production process

4 Example of general type

General type, see figure 3

Figure 3 General type

Symbol Meaning / Explanation

Upper limit Section 3.1.1

Gaussian filter Section 3.1.2Long wave filter c Section 2.2

Surface parameter Rz Section 3.1.3

Evaluation length = five samplinglengths

Sections 2.2 and 3.1.4

25 m highest permissible limit value Section 2.1,Sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.5

Material removal through machining Section 3.1.6

Any surface lay Section 3.1.7

Any production process Section 3 1 8

Rz 25

vda2005_02012007 specification of surface finish

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