vergara vs. hammonia maritime services, inc., 567 scra 610(2008)]

8/20/2019 Vergara vs. Hammonia Maritime Services, Inc., 567 SCRA 610(2008)]

1/29

G.R. No. 172933. October 6, 2008.*

JESUS E. VERGARA, petitioer, !". #A$$ON%A $AR%&%$E SERV%'ES, %N'. ()

A&AN&%' $AR%NE &+., re"po)et".

(bor (- Se((rer"- +i"(bi/it eet"- 4i/ippie O!er"e(" E5p/o5et

A)5ii"tr(tio OEA- St()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct"- Etit/e5et to )i"(bi/itbeet" b "e(5e o o!er"e(" or i" ( 5(tter o!ere), ot o/ b 5e)ic(/

)i" b:t, b /( () b cotr(ct;b cotr(ct, +ep(rt5et Or)er No.


2/29

t4e c("e o Ci/ipio "e(5e ori o orei oce(oi !e""e/". E!er "e(5(() t4e !e""e/ oer )irect/ or repre"ete) b ( /oc(/ 5(i (ec (re

reD:ire) to eec:te t4e OEA St()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct (" ( co)itio "ie

D:( o prior to t4e )ep/o5et or o!er"e(" or. &4e OEA St()(r)E5p/o5et 'otr(ct i" ":pp/e5ete) b t4e 'A betee t4e oer o t4e !e""e/

() t4e co!ere) "e(5e.

S(5e- S(5e- S(5e- S(5e- Fit4 t4e 4i/ippie O!er"e(" E5p/o5et

A)5ii"tr(tio OEA St()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct, t4ere i" o )o:bt t4(t i

c("e o ( :re"o/!e) )i"p:te, c/(i5 or rie!(ce (ri"i o:t o or i coectio

it4 t4e cotr(ct, 4i/ippie /(" "4(// (pp/.;A ot(b/e e(t:re o t4e OEASt()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct i" Sectio 31;it" pro!i"io o t4e App/ic(b/e (. %t

pro!i)e" A :re"o/!e) )i"p:te, c/(i5 or rie!(ce (ri"i o:t o or i coectio

it4 t4i" 'otr(ct, ic/:)i t4e (ee" "4(// be o!ere) b t4e /(" o t4eRep:b/ic o t4e 4i/ippie", iter(tio(/ co!etio", tre(tie" () co!e(t"

4ere t4e 4i/ippie" i" ( "i(tor. &4ro:4 t4i" pro!i"io, t4e +OE "irte) (po""ib/e i"":e re(r)i t4e /( t4(t "4o:/) o!er t4e ter5" () co)itio" oe5p/o5et o Ci/ipio "e(5e ori i oce(oi !e""e/" t4(t 4(!e o

"iic(t 4i/ippie pre"ece () t4(t 4(r)/ "ee 4i/ippie (ter". &4:", it4 t4e

OEA St()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct, t4ere i" o )o:bt t4(t i c("e o (:re"o/!e) )i"p:te, c/(i5 or rie!(ce (ri"i o:t o or i coectio it4 t4e

cotr(ct, 4i/ippie /(" "4(// (pp/.

S(5e- S(5e- S(5e- S(5e- % re(/ ter5", t4e "4ipoer;( e5p/oer oper(ti

o:t"i)e 4i/ippie B:ri")ictio;)oe" ot ":bBect it"e/ to 4i/ippie /(", ecept to

t4e etet t4(t it coce)e" t4e co!er(e () (pp/ic(tio o t4e"e /(" :)er t4e4i/ippie O!er"e(" E5p/o5et A)5ii"tr(tio OEA St()(r) E5p/o5et'otr(ct.;% re(/ ter5", t4i" 5e(" t4(t t4e "4ipoer;( e5p/oer oper(ti

o:t"i)e 4i/ippie B:ri")ictio;)oe" ot ":bBect it"e/ to 4i/ippie /(", ecept to

t4e etet t4(t it coce)e" t4e co!er(e () (pp/ic(tio o t4e"e /(" :)er t4eOEA St()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct. O t4e 5(tter o )i"(bi/it, t4e e5p/oer i"

ot ":b612

612

SURE$E 'OUR& REOR&S ANNO&A&E+

Ver(r( !". #(55oi( $(riti5e Ser!ice", %c.


3/29

Bect to 4i/ippie B:ri")ictio i ter5" o bei co5pe//e) to cotrib:te to t4e St(te%":r(ce C:) t4(t, :)er t4e (bor 'o)e, 4i/ippie e5p/oer" (re ob/ie) to

":pport. &4i" C:), ()5ii"tere) b t4e E5p/oee"= 'o5pe"(tio 'o55i""io, i"

t4e "o:rce o orre/(te) co5pe"(tio p(5et" or orre/(te) )e(t4",iB:rie", () i//e""e". %"te(), t4e OEA St()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct pro!i)e"

it" o ""te5 o )i"(bi/it co5pe"(tio t4(t (pproi5(te" () e!e ecee)"t4e beet" pro!i)e) :)er 4i/ippie /(. &4e "t()(r) ter5" (ree) :po, ("

(bo!e poite) o:t, (re ite)e) to be re() () :)er"too) i (ccor)(ce it44i/ippie /(", p(rtic:/(r/, Artic/e" 191 to 193 o t4e (bor 'o)e () t4e

(pp/ic(b/e i5p/e5eti r:/e" () re:/(tio" i c("e o ( )i"p:te, c/(i5 or

rie!(ce.

S(5e- S(5e- S(5e- A te5por(r tot(/ )i"(bi/it o/ beco5e" per5(et 4e "o

)ec/(re) b t4e co5p( p4"ici( it4i t4e perio)" 4e i" (//oe) to )o "o, or:po t4e epir(tio o t4e 5(i5:5 2


4/29

VO. @67, O'&OER 6, 2008

613


R%ON, J.

Se(5( Je":" E. Ver(r( petitioer co5e" to :" t4ro:4 t4i" etitio or Re!ie o

'ertior(ri1 it4 t4e p/e( t4(t e "et ("i)e;or bei cotr(r to /( ()

B:ri"pr:)ece;t4e +eci"io2 pro5:/(te) o $(rc4 1


5/29

???????????????

1 U)er R:/e


6/29

O J(:(r 31, 2001, t4e op4t4(/5o/oi"t proo:ce) t4e petitioer t to re":5e4i" "e((ri ):tie" per t4e report o +r. Robert +. i5, $e)ic(/ 'oor)i(tor.6 &4e

petitioer t4e eec:te) ( Lcertic(te o te"" or orM i t4e pre"ece o +r.

i5.7 '/(i5i t4(t 4e coti:e) to eperiece r():(/ !i":(/ /o"" )e"pite t4etre(t5et, 4e "o:4t ( "eco) opiio ro5 (ot4er op4t4(/5o/oi"t, +r. (tric

Re R. Ec4i!erri, 4o (" ot ( co5p()e"i(te) p4"ici(. +r. Ec4i!erri (!et4e opiio t4(t t4e petitioer (" ot t to or (" ( p:5p5( bec(:"e t4e Bob

co:/) precipit(te t4e re":rece o 4i" or5er co)itio.

O $(rc4 20, 2001, t4e petitioer ":b5itte) 4i5"e/ to (ot4er e(5i(tio, t4i"

ti5e b +r. Ere R. Vic(/)o, ( p4"ici( 4o (" ot (/"o )e"i(te) b t4eco5p(. +r. Vic(/)o opie) t4(t (/t4o:4 t4e petitioer (" t to or, 4e 4() (

???????????????

@ etitio, Ae L+,M i)., p. @2.

6 %)., p. 2


7/29

Ar5e) it4 t4e"e to "ep(r(te )i(o"e", t4e petitioer )e5()e) ro5 4i"e5p/oer p(5et o )i"(bi/it () "ice"" beet", p:r":(t to t4e 4i/ippie

O!er"e(" E5p/o5et A)5ii"tr(tio St()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct Go!eri

t4e E5p/o5et o (// Ci/ipio Se(5e o o(r) Oce(oi Ve""e/" OEASt()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct, () t4e ei"ti 'A i t4e co5p(. &4e

co5p( )i) ot 4ee) 4i" )e5(), pro5pti t4e petitioer to /e ( co5p/(it or)i"(bi/it beet", "ice"" (//o(ce, )(5(e" () (ttore=" ee", )ocete) ("

NR' N'R OCF '("e No. $ 010@080900.

O J(:(r 1


8/29

616



$(rc4 1


9/29

12 ro5:/(te) o J:e 7, 200@- ":pr( ote 3.

13 G.R. No. 1@


10/29

&o t4e petitioer, it i" t4e co5petece o t4e (tte)i p4"ici( () ot t4ecirc:5"t(ce o 4i" bei co5p()e"i(te) t4(t "4o:/) be t4e e co"i)er(tio

i )eter5ii t4e tr:e "t(t:" o t4e 4e(/t4 o t4e p(tietQ"e(5(. #e "ee" to

reb:t +r. i5=" certic(tio t4ro:4 t4e opiio o 4i" pri!(te op4t4(/5o/oi"t, +r.(tric Re R. Ec4i!erri t4(t L4e o:/) ot ()!i"e 4i5 to )o 4e(! or- 4e o:/)

ot (/"o be (b/e to peror5 t("" t4(t reD:ire !er )et(i/e) bioc:/(r !i"io (" t4eri4t ee=" !i":(/ (c:it co:/) o/ be correcte) to 20Q30 () e(r !i"io to J3 (t

be"t.M18 &4e petitioer /iei"e re/ie" o t4e (""e""5et () e!(/:(tio o +r. EreR. Vic(/)o t4(t 4e ":er" ro5 p(rti(/ per5(et )i"(bi/it it4 ( Gr()e > 20.1@P

i5pe)i5et () i" o L:t to or (" ( "e(5(.M19

???????????????

16 G.R. No. 1


11/29

)i"(bi/it co5pe"(tio, it i" t4e i(bi/it to or re":/ti i t4e i5p(ir5et ooe=" e(ri c(p(cit t4(t i" co5pe"(te), ot t4e iB:r it"e/. #e 5(it(i" t4(t

e!e i 4i" !i":(/ (c:it i" o 20Q20 (" (//ee) b t4e co5p()e"i(te)

p4"ici(, 4e c( e!ert4e/e"" o /oer peror5 4i" c:"to5(r or (" p:5p5(o bo(r) ( oce(oi !e""e/ "ice t4e Bob i!o/!e" ( /ot o "tr(i t4(t co:/)

((i c(:"e 4i" !itreo:" 4e5orr4(e. &4i" /i5it(tio i5p(ir" 4i" e(ri c(p(cit "ot4(t 4e "4o:/) be /e(// )ee5e) to 4(!e ":ere) per5(et tot(/ )i"(bi/it ro5 (

orre/(te) iB:r. % t4i" re(r), t4e petitioer cite" (" e// 4i" :io=" 'A204o"e p(r(r(p4 20.1.@ pro!i)e" t4(t

20.1.@ er5(et $e)ic(/ Ute"";A "e((rer 4o"e )i"(bi/it i" (""e""e) (t@0P or 5ore :)er t4e OEA E5p/o5et 'otr(ct "4(//, or t4e p:rpo"e o t4i"

p(r(r(p4 i" re(r)e) (" per5(et/ :t or :rt4er "e( "er!ice i ( c(p(cit

() etit/e) to 100P co5pe"(tio, i.e., USI 80,000 or ocer" () USI 60,000 orr(ti". C:rt4er5ore, ( "e((rer (""e""e) (t /e"" t4( @0P )i"(bi/it :)er t4e

'otr(ct b:t certie) (" per5(et/ :t or :rt4er "e( "er!ice" i ( c(p(citb t4e co5p( )octor, "4(// (/"o be etit/e) to 100P co5pe"(tio.

Ci(//, t4e petitioer cote)" t4(t bec(:"e t4ere i" )o:bt (" to t4e (cc:r(c o t4e

5e)ic(/ opiio o t4e co5p()e"i(te) p4"ici(, t4e )o:bt "4o:/) be re"o/!e)i 4i"

???????????????

20 Ae L,M etitio, pp. 29@0,


12/29

&4e '("e or Re"po)et"

% ( 5e5or():523 /e) o +ece5ber 20, 2007, re"po)et" #(55oi( ()At/(tic $(rie etre(t t4i" 'o:rt to )i"5i"" t4e petitio :)er t4e o//oi

(r:5et"

1. &4e pro!i"io" o t4e OEA St()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct () t4e 'A

betee t4e p(rtie" c/e(r/ pro!i)e t4(t t4e (""e""5et o t4e co5p()e"i(te)

p4"ici( "4o:/) be (ccor)e) re"pect.

2. &4ere (re o /e(/ or (ct:(/ b("e" or t4e petitioer=" c/(i5 o tot(/ ()

per5(et )i"(bi/it beet" (" 4e (" )ec/(re) Lt to or.M

3. &4e petitioer=" re/i(ce o t4e 'r"t(/ S4ippi !. N(ti!i)()2< c("e i"

5i"p/(ce).


13/29

22 'o"tr:ctio i (!o:r o /(bor;A// )o:bt" i t4e i5p/e5et(tio ()iterpret(tio o t4e pro!i"io" o t4e 'o)e, ic/:)i it" i5p/e5eti r:/e" ()

re:/(tio", "4(// be re"o/!e) i (!o:r o /(bor.

23 Ro//o, pp. @66@86.

2< G.R. No. 1@


14/29

O J(:(r 13, 2001, petitioer :)eret 4i" "eco) "e""io o /("er tre(t5et() 4e ((i to/er(te) t4e proce):re e//. J(:(r 31, 2001, 4i" !i":(/ (c:it

(" i5pro!e) to 20Q20 or bot4 ee", it4 correctio. #e (" pre"cribe) ee/(""e"

() (" o:) t to re":5e 4i" "e( ):tie". &4e petitioer eec:te) ( certic(te ote"" or or :)er o(t4, ite""e) b +r. Robert i5, t4e co5p()e"i(te)

p4"ici( 4o 4() )ec/(re) t4e petitioer t to or b("e) o t4e opiio o t4e4()/i ee "peci(/i"t.2@

&4e re"po)et" (c4or t4eir obBectio to t4e r(t o )i"(bi/it beet" o +r.

i5=" certic(tio. &4e )i"p:te t4e petitioer=" cotetio t4(t t4e 5e)ic(/

certic(tio" () (""e""5et" b t4e petitioer=" pri!(te p4"ici(" ; +r. Ec4i!erri() +r. Vic(/)o ; "4o:/) pre!(i/.

???????????????

2@ S:pr( ote 6.

621

VO. @67, O'&OER 6, 2008

621


&4e re"po)et" obBect p(rtic:/(r/ to t4e petitioer=" c/(i5 t4(t +r. i5="

(""e""5et i" ot (:t4orit(ti!e bec(:"e L+r. i5 )oe" ot (ppe(r to be ( ee"peci(/i"t.M26 &4e poit o:t t4(t t4e i"":e o +r. i5=" D:(/ic(tio" ()

co5petece (" e!er r(i"e) (t ( /e!e/ o t4e (rbitr(tio procee)i", (),t4ereore, "4o:/) ot be etert(ie) (t t4i" "t(e o re!ie. &4e ":b5it t4(t i t4epetitioer tr:/ be/ie!e) t4(t t4e co5p()e"i(te) p4"ici( (" ico5petet,

4e "4o:/) 4(!e r(i"e) t4e 5(tter (t t4e e(r/ie"t po""ib/e opport:it, or (t t4e ti5e

4e (ccepte) +r. i5=" (""e""5et. O t4e cotr(r, t4e poit o:t t4(t t4e

petitioer coc:rre) it4 t4e (""e""5et o t4e co5p()e"i(te) p4"ici( beec:ti ( certic(te o te"" to or.27


15/29

&4e re"po)et" /iei"e D:e"tio t4e petitioer=" re/i(ce o Art. 20.1.@ o t4e 'A

or 4i" c/(i5 t4(t 4e i" etit/e) to 100P )i"(bi/it co5pe"(tio "ice 4i" )octor",

Ec4i!erri () Vic(/)o, )ec/(re) 4i5 :t to or (" ( "e(5( (/t4o:4 4i" )i"(bi/it(" )eter5ie) to be o/ (t Gr()e > 20.1@P, ( p(rti(/ per5(et )i"(bi/it. &4e

cote) t4(t t4e petitioer=" po"itio i" cotr(r to 4(t t4e cite) pro!i"iopro!i)e" (" t4e 'A28 "pecic(// reD:ire" ( Lco5p( )octorM to certi ( "e((rer(" per5(et/ :t or "er!ice i ( c(p(cit.

&4e re"po)et" be(i/ t4e petitioer=" (tte5pt to 4(!e t4i" 'o:rt ) 4i5per5(et/ )i"(b/e) bec(:"e 4e L(" :)er t4e 5e)ic(tio () c(re o t4e

co5p()e"i(te) p4"ici( or o!er o:r


16/29


:ti/ 4e i" )ec/(re) t to or or t4e )eree o 4i" per5(et )i"(bi/it 4(" bee(""e""e) b t4e co5p()e"i(te) p4"ici(, b:t i o c("e "4(// t4i" perio)

ecee) oe 4:)re) tet 120 )(".

% c("e o per5(et tot(/ or p(rti(/ )i"(bi/it o t4e "e((rer c(:"e) b eit4er iB:ror i//e"" t4e "e((rer "4(// be co5pe"(te) i (ccor)(ce it4 t4e "c4e):/e o

beet" e:5er(te) i Sectio 30 o 4i" 'otr(ct.M

&4e re"po)et" t4e poit o:t t4(t Sectio 30 pro!i)e" ( "c4e):/e o )i"(bi/it or

iB:rie", )i"e("e or i//e"" cotr(cte). A ite5 i t4e "c4e):/e c/(""ie) :)er

Gr()e % co"tit:te" tot(/ () per5(et )i"(bi/it etit/e) to ( )i"(bi/it (//o(ceeD:i!(/et to USI60,000 USI@0,000 120P. &4e co"i)er re/i(ce o t4i"

'o:rt=" r:/i i 'r"t(/ S4ippi !. N(ti!i)()-30 Go!er5et Ser!ice %":r(ce

S"te5 !. '()iH-31 () %B(re" !. 'o:rt o Appe(/",32 to be 5i"p/(ce) it4 re"pect tot4e ()!oc(te) co!er"io o t4e petitioer=" 5e)ic(/ co)itio ro5 te5por(r to

per5(et )i"(bi/it.

&4e re"po)et" "tre"" t4(t i t4e pre"et c("e, t4e petitioer 4() bee (ccor)e)

t4e ece""(r 5e)ic(/ tre(t5et, ic/:)i /("er tre(t5et b co5p()e"i(te)

p4"ici(", t4(t re"tore) 4i" !i":(/ (c:it to 20Q20. #e (" )ec/(re) t to or :po

4i" ret:r to t4e :// po""e""io o (// 4i" p4"ic(/ () 5et(/ (c:/tie" () (ter 4e(" c/e(re) o (// i5pe)i5et". &4e cote) (" e// t4(t (// t4(t t4e petitioer

co:/) pre"et i ":pport o 4i" c/(i5 or tot(/ per5(et )i"(bi/it (" t4e Gr()e >

)i"(bi/it (""e""5et i"":e) b 4i" pri!(te p4"ici(, +r. Vic(/)o, t4(t 4e i" Lo:t to or (" "e(5(.M &4e poit o:t t4(t +r. Vic(/)o 4i5"e/ i" ot ( Lee

"peci(/i"t.M

Ci(//, t4e re"po)et" i"i"t t4(t eit4er (ct:(/ or /e(/ b("i" ei"t" or

petitioer=" c/(i5 o Gr()e % tot(/ ()

???????????????


17/29

30 S:pr( ote 2 o t4e R:/e" () Re:/(tio" %5p/e5eti oo %V o

t4e (bor 'o)e. cotr(ct, +ep(rt5et Or)er No.


18/29

+ep(rt5et o (bor () E5p/o5et t4e OEA St()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct() t4e p(rtie"= 'A bi) t4e "e(5( () 4i" e5p/oer to e(c4 ot4er.

( o b(cro:), t4e +ep(rt5et o (bor () E5p/o5et +OE, t4ro:4

t4e OEA, 4(" "i5p/ie) t4e )eter5i(tio o /i(bi/it or orre/(te) )e(t4, i//e""or iB:r i t4e c("e o Ci/ipio "e(5e ori o orei oce(oi !e""e/".33

E!er "e(5( () t4e !e""e/ oer

???????????????

33 Sectio20 T. 'o5pe"(tio () eet" or %B:r or %//e""

1. &4e e5p/oer "4(// coti:e to p( t4e "e((rer 4i" (e" ):ri t4e ti5e 4e i"

o bo(r) t4e !e""e/.

62<

62<



)irect/ or repre"ete) b ( /oc(/ 5(i (ec (re reD:ire) to eec:te t4eOEA St()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct

???????????????


19/29

2. % t4e iB:r or i//e"" reD:ire" 5e)ic(/ ()Qor )et(/ tre(t5et i ( orei port,t4e e5p/oer "4(// be /i(b/e or t4e :// co"t o ":c4 5e)ic(/, "erio:" )et(/, ":ric(/

() 4o"pit(/ tre(t5et (" e// (" bo(r) () /o)i :ti/ t4e "e((rer i" )ec/(re) t

to or or to be rep(tri(te).

#oe!er, i (ter rep(tri(tio, t4e "e((rer "ti// reD:ire" 5e)ic(/ (ttetio (ri"i

ro5 "(i) iB:r or i//e"", 4e "4(// be "o pro!i)e) (t co"t to t4e e5p/oer :ti/ ":c4ti5e (" 4e i" )ec/(re) t or t4e )eree o 4i" )i"(bi/it 4(" bee e"t(b/i"4e) b t4e

co5p()e"i(te) p4"ici(.

3. Upo "io ro5 t4e !e""e/ or 5e)ic(/ tre(t5et, t4e "e((rer i" etit/e) to

"ice"" (//o(ce eD:i!(/et to 4i" b("ic (e :ti/ 4e i" )ec/(re) t to or or

t4e )eree o 4i" per5(et )i"(bi/it 4(" bee (""e""e) b t4e co5p(

)e"i(te) p4"ici(, b:t i o c("e "4(// t4i" perio) ecee) oe 4:)re) tet

120 )(".

Cor t4i" p:rpo"e, t4e "e((rer "4(// ":b5it 4i5"e/ to ( po"te5p/o5et 5e)ic(/e(5i(tio b ( co5p()e"i(te) p4"ici( it4i t4ree ori )(" :po 4i"

ret:r ecept 4e 4e i" p4"ic(// ic(p(cit(te) to )o "o, i 4ic4 c("e, ( ritte

otice to t4e (ec it4i t4e "(5e perio) i" )ee5e) (" co5p/i(ce. C(i/:re o t4e"e((rer to co5p/ it4 t4e 5()(tor reporti reD:ire5et "4(// re":/t i 4i"

oreit:re o t4e ri4t to c/(i5 t4e (bo!e beet".

% ( )octor (ppoite) b t4e "e((rer )i"(ree" it4 t4e (""e""5et, ( t4ir) )octor5( be (ree) Boit/ betee t4e E5p/oer () t4e "e((rer. &4e t4ir) )octor="

)eci"io "4(// be (/ () bi)i o bot4 p(rtie".


20/29

VO. @67, O'&OER 6, 2008

62@


(" ( co)itio "ie D:( o prior to t4e )ep/o5et or o!er"e(" or. &4e OEA

St()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct i" ":pp/e5ete) b t4e 'A betee t4e oer o

t4e !e""e/ () t4e co!ere) "e(5e.

???????????????

6. % c("e o per5(et tot(/ or p(rti(/ )i"(bi/it o t4e "e((rer c(:"e) b eit4er

iB:r or i//e"" t4e "e((rer "4(// be co5pe"(te) i (ccor)(ce it4 t4e "c4e):/e

o beet" e:5er(te) i Sectio 32 o t4i" 'otr(ct. 'o5p:t(tio o 4i" beet"(ri"i ro5 ( i//e"" or )i"e("e "4(// be o!ere) b t4e r(te" () t4e r:/e" o

co5pe"(tio (pp/ic(b/e (t t4e ti5e t4e i//e"" or )i"e("e (" cotr(cte).

'. %t i" :)er"too) t4(t co5p:t(tio o t4e tot(/ per5(et or p(rti(/ )i"(bi/it o

t4e "e((rer c(:"e) b t4e iB:r ":"t(ie) re":/ti ro5 (r/ie (cti!itie" it4it4e (rHoe (re( "4(// be b("e) o t4e co5pe"(tio r(te p((b/e it4i t4e(rHoe (re( (" pre"cribe) i t4i" 'otr(ct.

+. No co5pe"(tio () beet" "4(// be p((b/e i re"pect o ( iB:r,ic(p(cit, )i"(bi/it or )e(t4 o t4e "e((rer re":/ti ro5 4i" i//:/ or cri5i(/ (ct

or iter(tio(/ bre(c4 o 4i" ):tie", pro!i)e), 4oe!er, t4(t t4e e5p/oer c(

pro!e t4(t ":c4 iB:r, ic(p(cit, )i"(bi/it or )e(t4 i" )irect/ (ttrib:t(b/e to t4e"e((rer.

E. A "e((rer 4o oi/ coce(/" () )oe" ot )i"c/o"e p("t 5e)ic(/co)itio, )i"(bi/it () 4i"tor i t4e pree5p/o5et 5e)ic(/ e(5i(tio

co"tit:te" r(:):/et 5i"repre"et(tio () "4(// )i"D:(/i 4i5 ro5 (

co5pe"(tio () beet". &4i" 5( (/"o be !(/i) ro:) or ter5i(tio o

e5p/o5et () i5po"itio o t4e (ppropri(te ()5ii"tr(ti!e () /e(/ "(ctio".


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C. F4e reD:e"te), t4e pricip(/ "4(// :ri"4 t4e "e((rer ( cop o (// pertiet5e)ic(/ report" or ( recor)" (t o co"t to t4e "e((rer.

G. &4e "e((rer or 4i" ":cce""or i itere"t (co/e)e" t4(t p(5et or iB:r,

i//e"", ic(p(cit, )i"(bi/it or )e(t4 o t4e "e((rer :)er t4i" cotr(ct "4(// co!er(// c/(i5" (ri"i ro5 or i re/(tio it4 or i t4e co:r"e o t4e "e((rer="

e5p/o5et, ic/:)i b:t ot /i5ite) to )(5(e" (ri"i ro5 t4e cotr(ct, tort,(:/t or e/iece :)er t4e /(" o t4e 4i/ippie" or ( ot4er co:tr.

626

626



A ot(b/e e(t:re o t4e OEA St()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct i" Sectio 31;it"pro!i"io o t4e App/ic(b/e (. %t pro!i)e"

LA :re"o/!e) )i"p:te, c/(i5 or rie!(ce (ri"i o:t o or i coectio it4 t4i"'otr(ct, ic/:)i t4e (ee" "4(// be o!ere) b t4e /(" o t4e Rep:b/ic o t4e

4i/ippie", iter(tio(/ co!etio", tre(tie" () co!e(t" 4ere t4e

4i/ippie" i" ( "i(tor.M

&4ro:4 t4i" pro!i"io, t4e +OE "irte) ( po""ib/e i"":e re(r)i t4e /( t4(t

"4o:/) o!er t4e ter5" () co)itio" o e5p/o5et o Ci/ipio "e(5e orii oce(oi !e""e/" t4(t 4(!e o "iic(t 4i/ippie pre"ece () t4(t 4(r)/

"ee 4i/ippie (ter". &4:", it4 t4e OEA St()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct, t4ere i"o )o:bt t4(t i c("e o ( :re"o/!e) )i"p:te, c/(i5 or rie!(ce (ri"i o:t o ori coectio it4 t4e cotr(ct, 4i/ippie /(" "4(// (pp/.

% re(/ ter5", t4i" 5e(" t4(t t4e "4ipoer;( e5p/oer oper(ti o:t"i)e4i/ippie B:ri")ictio;)oe" ot ":bBect it"e/ to 4i/ippie /(", ecept to t4e

etet t4(t it coce)e" t4e co!er(e () (pp/ic(tio o t4e"e /(" :)er t4e OEA


22/29

St()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct. O t4e 5(tter o )i"(bi/it, t4e e5p/oer i" ot":bBect to 4i/ippie B:ri")ictio i ter5" o bei co5pe//e) to cotrib:te to t4e

St(te %":r(ce C:) t4(t, :)er t4e (bor 'o)e, 4i/ippie e5p/oer" (re ob/ie)

to ":pport. &4i" C:), ()5ii"tere) b t4e E5p/oee"= 'o5pe"(tio 'o55i""io,i" t4e "o:rce o orre/(te) co5pe"(tio p(5et" or orre/(te) )e(t4",

iB:rie", () i//e""e". %"te(), t4e OEA St()(r) E5p/o5et 'otr(ct pro!i)e"it" o ""te5 o )i"(bi/it co5pe"(tio t4(t (pproi5(te" () e!e ecee)"

t4e beet" pro!i)e) :)er 4i/ippie /(.3< &4e "t()(r) ter5" (ree) :po, ("(bo!e poite) o:t, (re ite)e) to be re() () :)er"too) i (ccor

???????????????

3< %)., Sectio 20 T 3.

627

VO. @67, O'&OER 6, 2008

627


)(ce it4 4i/ippie /(", p(rtic:/(r/, Artic/e" 191 to 193 o t4e (bor 'o)e ()

t4e (pp/ic(b/e i5p/e5eti r:/e" () re:/(tio" i c("e o ( )i"p:te, c/(i5 orrie!(ce.

% t4i" re"pect () i t4e cotet o t4e pre"et c("e, Artic/e 192c1 o t4e (bor'o)e pro!i)e" t4(t

&4e o//oi )i"(bi/itie" "4(// be )ee5e) tot(/ () per5(et

1 &e5por(r tot(/ )i"(bi/it /("ti coti:o:"/ or 5ore t4( oe 4:)re)

tet )(", ecept (" ot4eri"e pro!i)e) i t4e R:/e"-


23/29

&4e r:/e reerre) to;R:/e >, Sectio 2 o t4e R:/e" () Re:/(tio" i5p/e5etioo %V o t4e (bor 'o)e;"t(te"

Lerio) o etit/e5et.;( &4e ico5e beet "4(// be p(i) beii o t4e r"t)( o ":c4 )i"(bi/it. % c(:"e) b ( iB:r or "ice"" it "4(// ot be p(i) /oer

t4( 120 co"ec:ti!e )(" ecept 4ere ":c4 iB:r or "ice"" "ti// reD:ire"

5e)ic(/ (tte)(ce beo) 120 )(" b:t ot to ecee) 2


24/29

() tre(t5et.3@ Cor t4e ):r(tio o t4e tre(t5et b:t i o c("e to ecee) 120)(", t4e "e(5( i" o te5por(r tot(/ )i"(bi/it (" 4e i" tot(// :(b/e to or.36

#e recei!e" 4i" b("ic (e ):ri t4i" perio)37 :ti/ 4e i" )ec/(re) t to or or 4i"

te5por(r )i"(bi/it i" (co/e)e) b t4e co5p( to be per5(et, eit4erp(rti(// or tot(//, (" 4i" co)itio i" )ee) :)er t4e OEA St()(r) E5p/o5et

'otr(ct () b (pp/ic(b/e 4i/ippie /(".38 % t4e 120 )(" iiti(/ perio) i"ecee)e) () o ":c4 )ec/(r(tio i" 5()e bec(:"e t4e "e((rer reD:ire" :rt4er

5e)ic(/ (ttetio, t4e t4e te5por(r tot(/ )i"(bi/it perio) 5( be ete)e) :p to( 5(i5:5 o 2


25/29

VO. @67, O'&OER 6, 2008

629


rob/e5" o/ (ro"e 4e )e"pite t4e certic(tio, t4e petitioer "o:4t "eco)

() t4ir) opiio" ro5 4i" o )octor", oe o 4o5 opie) t4(t 4e co:/) o

/oer re":5e or (" ( p:5p5( 4i/e t4e ot4er recoiHe) ( Gr()e > 20.1@Pp(rti(/ per5(et )i"(bi/it. ("e) o t4e"e opiio", t4e petitioer )e5()e) t4(t

4e be p(i) )i"(bi/it () "ice"" beet"- 4e t4e co5p( re:"e), t4e )e5()

5et(5orp4o"e) ito ( (ct:(/ c("e beore t4e NR' Arbitr(tio r(c4.

A" e o:t/ie) (bo!e, ( te5por(r tot(/ )i"(bi/it o/ beco5e" per5(et 4e

"o )ec/(re) b t4e co5p( p4"ici( it4i t4e perio)" 4e i" (//oe) to )o "o, or:po t4e epir(tio o t4e 5(i5:5 2


26/29

630



)e"i(te) p4"ici(. % t4e p4"ici( (ppoite) b t4e "e((rer )i"(ree" it4 t4e

co5p()e"i(te) p4"ici(=" (""e""5et, t4e opiio o ( t4ir) )octor 5( be

(ree) Boit/ betee t4e e5p/oer () t4e "e((rer to be t4e )eci"io (/ ()bi)i o t4e5.


27/29


28/29

cotet o t4e (pp/ic(tio "4o:/) be co"i)ere), (" e 5:"t )o i t4e (pp/ic(tio o(// r:/i" () e!e o t4e /( () o t4e i5p/e5eti re:/(tio".

'r"t(/ S4ippi (" ( c("e 4ere t4e "e((rer (" co5p/ete/ :(b/e to or or

t4ree e(r" () (" :)i"p:t(b/ :t or "e( ):t L):e to re"po)et=" ee) orre:/(r 5e)ic(/ c4ec:p () tre(t5et 4ic4 o:/) ot be (!(i/(b/e i 4e ere (t

"e(.M


29/29

it" o :i)e/ie" o Occ:p(tio(/ +i"e("e" Sectio 32A 4ic4 c(ot be)i"re(r)e) i co"i)eri )i"(bi/it co5pe"(tio () beet". A// t4e"e;re() i

re/(tio it4 (pp/ic(b/e 4i/ippie /(" () r:/e";"4o:/) (/"o be t(e ito (cco:t

i co"i)eri () citi 'r"t(/ S4ippi () it" re/(te) /ie o c("e" (" (:t4oritie".

% /i4t o t4e (bo!e coc/:"io", e "ee o ee) to )i"c:"" t4e petitioer=" ot4er

":b5i""io" t4(t t4e /(c o )i"(bi/it 4(" re)ere) 5oot, p(rtic:/(r/ t4e ei"teceo )o:bt t4(t t4e petitioer i"i"t" "4o:/) be re"o/!e) i 4i" (!or.

F#ERECORE, pre5i"e" co"i)ere), e +EN t4e petitio or /(c o 5erit.

SO OR+ERE+.

:i":5bi '4(irper"o, '(rpio$or(/e", &i( () Ve/("co, Jr., JJ., coc:r.

Ver(r( !". #(55oi( $(riti5e Ser!ice", %c., @67 S'RA 6102008T

vergara vs. hammonia maritime services, inc., 567 scra 610(2008)]

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