vertebrates 14-1: chordates 14-2: fish 14-3: amphibians 14-4: reptiles 15-1: birds 15-2: mammals
DESCRIPTION
chordates include vertebrates ohave all the chordate characteristics oalso have: ● Endoskeleton – internal skeleton – made of bone & cartilage ● Backbone – made of vertebrae – replaces notochord – protects spinal nerve cord ● Skull – protects brain VertebraeTRANSCRIPT
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Vertebrates
14-1: Chordates14-2: Fish
14-3: Amphibians
14-4: Reptiles15-1: Birds
15-2: Mammals
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14-1: Chordates• animals with these characteristics
o Notochord●firm but flexible tube that extends along
upper part of bodyo Postanal tailo Nerve cordo Pharyngeal pouches
Notochord Nerve Cord
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• chordates include vertebrateso have all the chordate characteristicso also have:
● Endoskeleton– internal skeleton– made of bone & cartilage
● Backbone– made of vertebrae– replaces notochord– protects spinal nerve cord
● Skull– protects brain
Vertebrae
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• Vertebrates grouped based on body temperature regulationo Ectotherms
●body temperature changes with surroundings
●“cold-blooded”o Endotherms
●regulate their own body temperature; stays constant
●“warm-blooded”
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• 5 groups of vertebrateso Fisho Amphibianso Reptileso Birdso Mammals
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14-2: Fish• Ectotherms• Tail• Fins
o fan-like structures attached to the endoskeleton
• Scaleso hard, thin plates that
cover the skin
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• well-developed sensory systemo Ex. sharks & smell
• exchange CO2 and oxygen through• adaptations for obtaining food
o teeth, beaks, electric shock, filter feeding• reproduce sexually
o some internal, some external fertilization
gills
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• Different groups of fisho Jawless fisho Cartilaginous fisho Bony fish
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• Jawless Fisho no jaw bones, cartilage endoskeletono round, toothed mouthso long, tube-like bodieso no scales, slimy skino Hagfish, Lampreys
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• Cartilaginous Fisho cartilage endoskeletono jaw bones with well-developed teetho tiny scales, sand-papery skino Sharks, Skates, Rays
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• Bony fisho largest groupo bone endoskeletono swim bladdero 3 groups
●Lobe-finned●Lungfish●Ray-finned
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14-3: Amphibians
• means “double life”• ectotherms• hibernation
o during cold weather• estivation
o during hot weather
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• moist, smooth skin• no scales• breathe through skin or saclike
lungs
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• Amphibian reproductiono sexualo external fertilization
●female lays eggs, male releases sperm over eggs
o eggs don’t have a protective shell—require water
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• Metamorphosiso changes in body formo tadpole adulto occurs in all amphibians
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Groups of Amphibians• Frogs & Toads
o four legso no neck or tailo tongue attached to front of mouth
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Groups of Amphibians
• Salamanders & Newtso long, slender bodieso tails
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14-4: Reptiles
• ectotherms• thick, dry waterproof skin• scales• breathe with lungs
--protection and water loss
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• Reproductiono internal fertilization
●male fertilizes female●female lays eggs
o amniotic eggs● covered with shell &
contain everything needed for development
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Groups of Reptiles
• Lizards & Snakeso unhinging jawso lizards have moveable eyelids & legs
with clawed toes
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Groups of Reptiles
• Turtleso two-part shello no teeth
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Groups of Reptiles
• Crocodilianso lizard-like in shapeo large scales on backso care for young