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Locomotor Activity &Exploration

Sensory Motor &Coordination

Analgesia

Learning & Memory

Anxiety & Depression

Reward & Addiction

Food &Drink/Metabolism

the mostcomprehensive line for

BehavioralResearch

Animal,Organ&CellPhysiology

Micro/NanoFluidics

Cell Biology&

Electro-physiology

BehavioralResearch

Electro-poration

&Electrofusion

MolecularSample

Preparation

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Panlab | Harvard Apparatus • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.comHarvard Apparatus • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com

1

Panlab, now a subsidiary of Harvard Apparatus,

manufactures and distributes high quality equipment

for the biological sciences. For over 30 years, our team

covers all stages of development – from design to

manufacturing, software to hardware, technical and

scientific support. Panlab/Harvard Apparatus is your

reliable source for the most comprehensive solutions

to your application needs - our offerings include the

following application areas: video tracking, activity/

exploration, sensory motor, analgesia, memory, anxiety,

metabolism, non-invasive blood pressure, and isolated

physiology systems. Our team is ready to adapt,

improve or develop new or pre-existing lines to

meet our customer’s changing requirements.

SMART with Multiple Arena Extension,exceptional video tracking detection

software, see page 6

Startle/Fear Combined System,advanced technology for better results,

see page 71

Species Guide for Behavioral Systems

Modular Operant Box,superior versatility,see page 75

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To help you become more familiar with our product line, Panlab/Harvard Apparatus has added small animal icons forevery product. These icons will help guide you to which species can be used with each system. Above is

a sample of the animal icons you will see throughout this catalog.

rabbit guinea pig rat mouse insect fish

Table of Contents

Spatial PlacePreference Box

SMART Video-Tracking System

Products Page No.

Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5Video Tracking

SMART Video-Tracking System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 – 7Smart JUNIOR Video-Tracking System . . . . . . . . . . .8 – 9

Activity & Exploration

IR Actimeter for Activity & Exploration . . . . . . . . .15 – 16ActiTrack Software IR Actimeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17

Sensory Motor

Rota Rods for Motor Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Grip Strength Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 – 24Rodent Activity Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 – 26Treadmills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 – 28Rotameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Rodent Shocker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Analgesia

Locomotor Activity and Exploration Selection Guide10 – 14Sensorimotor and Coordination Selection Guide .18 – 21Analgesia Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 – 34Locomotor Activity and Exploration Selection Guide . . .Tail Flick Analgesia Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 – 36Hot and Hot/Cold Plate Meters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37 - 39Thermal Place Preference/Gradient Tests . . . . . .40 – 41Electronic Von Frey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Plantar Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 – 46Rat Paw Pressure Analgesia Meter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Plethysmometer for Evaluating Paw Volume . . . .48 – 49Dynamic Weight Bearing Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Pressure Application Measurement (PAM) . . . . . . . . . .52Pressure Application Measurement (PAM) . . . . . . . . . .52


3

Oxylet System for Respiratory Metabolism

ActiTrack Software IR Actimeter-Related Tracking Anxiety -Locomation & Exploration

Small Animal Treadmill

Products (continued) Page No.

Memory & Attention

Learning and Memory Selection Guide . . . . . . . . .53 – 60Attention Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 – 62Shuttle Boxes for Active/Passive Avoidance . . . .63 – 64ShutAvoid Software forActive & Passive Avoidance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65 – 66Circular Pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 – 68Radial Maze & Mazesoft-8 Software . . . . . . . . . . .69 – 70Startle and Fear System & Software . . . . . . . . . . .71 – 74Modular Operant Box for Operant Conditioning . .75 – 76PackWin Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77 – 785/9 Holes for Attention Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79Passive Avoidance Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 – 81

Anxiety & Depression

Anxiety Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82 – 85Depression Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 – 87Elevated Plus Maze & MAZESOFT-4 Software . . .88 – 89Open Field & Black and White Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90Aron Test for Screen Anxiolytic Substances . . . . . . . .91Black and White Test for Evaluating Anxiety . . . . . . . .92Vogel Test for Screening Anxiolytic Effects of Drugs .93Tail Suspension Test forScreening Antidepressant Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

Addiction & Reward

Reward & Addiction Selection Guide . . . . . . . . . . .95 - 97Place Preference Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98Spatial Place Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99PPCWIN Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100Self-Administration Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

Metabolism

Food and Drink/Metabolism Selection Guide . .102 – 104Oxylet System for Respiratory Metabolism . . . .105 – 107Metabolism Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108PheComp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 – 110

Contact us or visit our websites for access to:Research articlesProduct SpecificationsWorking Procedures

Demonstration VideosInstruction ManualsApplication Sheets

Ourstaff of scientistshave the answers

you need!

In addition to our high quality research products, Panlab/Harvard Apparatus is proud to offerunparalleled technical sales for both pre- and post-sales. Our technical staff scientists arehappy to help answer any questions you may have or assist with system configurations.

www.harvardapparatus.com or www.panlab.com

Do you have a technical question?

Harvard Apparatus • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.comPanlab | Harvard Apparatus • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com4

selection guideResearch Area Experimental Test Hardware SoftwareVideo Tracking Video-Tracking Studies Frame Grabber Board SMART

Camera SMART and Smart JUNIORActivity & Exploration Locomotor Activity/Rearing IR Actimeter SeDaCom or ActiTrack

Open Field Test Open Field Chamber SMART or Smart JUNIORCalorimetry, Food & Drink, Oxylet MetabolismActivity & RearingHole-Board Test IR Actimeter SeDaCom or ActiTrackResponse to Novelty Open Field Chamber SMART or Smart JUNIORVoluntary Exercise Rodent Activity Wheel Multicounter or SeDaCom

Sensory Motor Coordination and Equilibrium Test Rota Rod SeDaComRotation After Lesioning Rotameter SeDaComGrip Strength Grip Strength Meter SeDaComExercise Training Treadmill SeDaComStartle Response Startle and Freezing Combined System Startle Software

Analgesia & Pain Tail Flick Test Tail Flick Meter SeDaComHot Plate Test Hot Plate Meter SeDaComHot/Cold Plate Test Hot/Cold Plate Test Meter SeDaComRandall Selitto Test Rat Paw Pressure SeDaComInflammation Plethysmometer SeDaComIncapacitance Test Incapacitance Test Meter SeDaComVon Frey Test Electronic VonFrey SeDaCom

Learning & Memory Passive Avoidance Test Passive Box Programmer or ShutAvoidActive Avoidance Test Shuttle Box Programmer or ShutAvoidAron Test Aron BoxMorris Water Maze Circular Pool SMART or Smart JUNIORRadial Maze Test Radial Maze Mazesoft-8 or SMARTT-Maze Test T-Maze SMART or Smart JUNIORObject Recognition Test Open Field Chamber SMARTOdor Recognition Test SMARTFear Conditioning Test Startle and Freezing Combined System Freezing SoftwareFear Potentiated Startle Reflex Test Startle and Freezing Combined System Startle SoftwareOperant Procedures Modular Operant Box PACKWIN5/9 Hole Test 5/9 Hole Box PACKWIN

Attention Prepulse Inhibition Startle and Freezing Startle Softwareof Startle Reflex Combined System5/9 Hole Test 5/9 Hole Box PACKWINOperant Procedures Modular Operant Box PACKWIN

Anxiety Open Field Test Open Field Chamber SMART or Smart JUNIORLocomotor Activity/Rearing IR Actimeter ActiTrackElevated Plus Maze Test Elevated Plus Maze SMART or Smart JUNIORBlack and White Box Test Black and White Box PPCWIN or SMARTVogel Test Vogel Test PACKWINGeller-Seifter Test Modular Operant Box PACKWIN

Depression Forced Swimming Test Cylinder SMARTTail Suspension Test Tail Suspension Test System

Addiction & Reward Place Preference Test Place Preference Box PPCWINSpatial Place Preference PPCWIN or SMART

Self-Administration Self-Administration Box PACKWINSocial Behavior Social Interaction Open Field Chamber SMART with Social Interaction ModuleMetabolism Respiratory Metabolism Oxylet Metabolism and Meta-Oxy Module

Food & Drink Intake FooDrink Metabolism and Meta-Int ModulePheComp Compulse

Compulsive Behavior PheComp Compulse

Key Features� Flexible and precise analysis of animal behavior

� Optimized tracking in low contrast conditions

� Automated detection of head, center mass and base-tailwith Triwise technology option

� Highly user-friendly

� Digital video file analysis capabilities

� Entirely configurable data report

� Zone-dependent camera settings

� Day/night cycle control system

� Immobility detection for forced-swimming test and freezing

� User defined criteria for zone entry with Triwisetechnology option

Parameters Measured� Animal trajectory (distance, speed, permanence time inzone etc.)

� Specific parameters for Morris Water Maze (latency to target,time near walls, Wishaw’s error, permanence time inquadrants, directionality etc.)

� Social interaction (contacts, relative movements etc.)

� Immobility periods

� Global activity

� Rearing (input/output or Triwise option)

� Events visualized by the experimenter (using event recorder)

� Clockwise and counter clockwise rotations (Triwise option)

SMART is a complete and user-friendly video-tracking system forevaluating behavior in experimental animals. It allows the recording ofactivity, trajectories, events, social behavior interactions and performsthe calculations of a wide range of analysis parameters. The systemoffers flexible and easy to learn interface for setting up a wide varietyof behavioral tests: Water Maze, Open Field, Plus/Radial Arm Mazes,and Place Preference tests in addition to other user-designedapplications.

SMART works with animals located in up to 16 separate enclosuresproviding both quantitative and qualitative analysis of each animal’spath. Each animal enclosure can be divided into different zone ofinterest using the specific tools provided by SMART. Up to 31 differentzones (and one Exclusion Zone) can be easily drawn with differentname and characteristics (Standard, Target, Arm or Hidden). A specialtool for Water Maze is included.

Animal trajectories are acquired from real time TV images orvideotaped records and stored, enabling you to analyze and reanalyzeexperiments with different zone configurations and parameters.

TRACKING allows not only data acquisition of the spatial position of theanimal but also the automatic detection of a range of specific behaviors.Manually scored behaviors (e.g. grooming) can be calculated for anyzone or independent variable. The parameters evaluated are presentedin reports entirely configurable by the user. The report coverage can bethe full track or it can be split into different intervals of time. Results canbe directly and automatically exported to Excel®.

SMART can elaborate a graphic representation/image of the tracksstudied. This option is of great interest to illustrate data in publicationsand for conferences.

An adapted version of SMART, SMART-DT, is provided for free to checkdata, generate statistics, print out results and obtain graphics. SMART-DT can be installed in as many computers as may be required.

The SMART system can be expanded for using the Triwise technologyfor the automated detection of the head, center-mass and base-tailallowing then a more detailed evaluation of some specific behavioralitems — rearing, rotations, object exploration, entries into zones,contacts and more.

SMART Video-Tracking System for Automated Recordingof Animal Behavior

Harvard Apparatus • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com6 Panlab | Harvard Apparatus • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com

Video Tracking

SMART Video-Tracking System for Automated Recordingof Animal Behavior (continued)Components Included� CD and USB protection key

� Cables and connectors

� Instruction manual

� Free software updates of the acquired system

� 2 year warranty on hardware

Options� A wide range of cameras and accessories are available,please contact our technical support staff for details

� Material for camera fixation (upon request)

� DVD reader/writer

� Telemetric switch (remote start/stop switch)

� Frame grabber board (PC interface board)

� PC station

� Multiplexers, digital switches, digital recorder are availableupon request

Related Hardware

� Open Field Box, see page 90

� Circular Pool, see pages 67 – 68

� Radial Maze, see page 69

� Elevated Plus Maze, see page 88

� Black & White Box, see page 92

� Spatial Place Preference Box, see page 99

� Many other possibilities!

Citations

Folven KI et al. (2009) Does selenium modify neurobehavioural impacts of developmentalmethylmercury exposure in mice? Environmental Toxicol. Pharmacol. 28(1):111-119. (motorfunction, mouse, Norway, New Zeland)Griesbach GS et al. (2009) Controlled contusion injury alters molecular systems associated withcognitive performance. J. Neurosci. Res. 87(3):795-805. (water maze, rat, USA)Handattu SP et al. (2009) Oral apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide improves cognitive function andreduces amyloid burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobioly of Disease, 34(3):525-534. (water maze, mouse, USA)Harada N et al. (2009) Functional analysis of neurosteroidal oestrogen using gene-disrupted andtransgenic mice. J. Neuroendocrinol. 21(4):365-369. (parallelism index, mouse, Japan)Hazane F et al. (2009) Behavioral Perturbations After Prenatal Neurogenesis Disturbance in FemaleRat. Neurotoxicity Res. 15(4):1476-3524. (Locomotor activity, rat, France)Lee YK et al. (2009) Protective effect of the ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis and 4-O-methylhonokiol on scopolamine-induced memory impairment and the inhibition ofacetylcholinesterase activity. J. Nat. Med. 63(3):274-282. (water maze, mouse, Korea)Malone DT et al. (2009) Cannabidiol reverses the reduction in social interaction produced by lowdose delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 93(2):91-96. (open-field, rat, Australia)Singer HS et al. (2009) Prenatal exposure to antibodies from mothers of children with autism producesneurobehavioral alterations: A pregnant dam mouse model. (elevated-plus maze, mouse, USA)Arqué G et al. (2008) Impaired Spatial Learning Strategies and Novel Object Recognition in Mice

Haploinsufficient for the Dual Specificity Tyrosine-Regulated Kinase-1A (Dyrk1A). PLoS ONE 3(7):e2575. (water maze, mouse Spain)Das SR et al. (2008) Relationship between mRNA expression of splice forms of the _1 subunit of theN-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and spatial memory in aged mice. Brain Research. 1207:142-154.(working memory task, mouse, USA)

Fan LW et al. (2008) Alfa-Phenyl-n-tert-butyl-nitrone ameliorates hippocampal injury and improveslearning and memory in juvenile rats following neonatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide Eur. J.Neurosci. 27(6): 1475-1484. (open-field, plus-maze, rat, Taiwan)Feiyong Jia et al. (2008) Blocking Histamine H1 improves learning and mnemonic dysfunction in micewith social isolation plus repeated methamphetamine injection. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 107: 167-174.(water maze, mouse, Japan)Hook VYH et al. (2008) Inhibitors of cathepsin B improve memory and reduce beta-amyloid intransgenic Alzheimer’s disease mice expressing the wild-type, but not the Swedish mutant,beta-secretase APP site. J Biochem. Chem. 283(12):7745-53. (water maze, mouse, USA)McClean J et al. (2008) 17_-Estradiol is neuroprotective in male and female rats in a model of earlybrain injury. Experimental Neurology. 210(1), 41-50. (water maze, rat, USA)Rothstein S et al. (2008) Response to neonatal anesthesia: Effect of sex on anatomical andbehavioral outcome. Neuroscience. 152(4):959-969. (rat, USA)Pastor R et al. (2008) Ethanol injected into the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus induces behavioralstimulation in rats: an effect prevented by catalase inhibition and naltrexone. BehaviouralPharmacology. 19(7):698-705. (locomotor activity, rat, Spain)Ruiz-Medina J et al. (2008) Intracranial self-stimulation facilitates a spatial learning and memory taskin the Morris water maze. Neuroscience. 154(2): 424-430. (water maze, rat, Spain)Stone EA et al. (2008) An anti-immobility effect of exogenous corticosterone in mice. EuropeanJournal of Pharmacology. 580(1-2):135-142. (open-field, Mouse, USA)Younbyoung C et al. (2008) Effect of acupuncture on anxiety-like behavior during nicotinewithdrawal and relevant mechanisms. Neuroscience Letters. 430(2): 98-102. (locomotor activity, rat,Republic of Korea)

SpecificationsComputer Requirements 2 GHz processor or higher (Celeron processor not

supported), 2 Gb of RAM with PCI 32-bit busmaster expansion slot available and 1 free USBport. VIA chipset not recommended

Graphic Card 256 colors palette graphics card for 1024x768pixels, 32-bit true color RGB display

System Requirements Windows® 98, 2000, XP (SP2 or Higher), Vista 32

Sources Video camera, video tape, DVD playeror digital video files

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0028 SMART-BS SMART Video-Tracking System, V 2.5 Single

Subject Tracking, Needs FRBOARD

BH2 76-0501 FRBOARD2 Frame Grabber Board (PC Interface Board)

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0265 SMART-MA Multiple Arenas Extension(One Animal Per Arena in up to 16 Arenas)

BH2 76-0266 SMART-SS Social Behavior Extension(Up to 16 Animals in a Single Arena)

BH2 76-0327 SMART TW Triwise Module for Detection of Head,Center Mass, and Base-Tail

BH2 76-0267 SMART I/O 8C Smart System Extension, Control Box for 8Inputs and 8 Outputs

BH2 76-0268 SMART I/O 32C Smart System Extension, Control Box for 32Inputs and 32 Outputs

BH2 76-0269 SMART UPG2.5 Upgrade from previous versions to V 2.5

BH2 76-0270 SMART TS Telemetric Switch (Remote Start/Stop Switch)


7

Video Tracking

We offer a full line of mazes.NOTE

Smart JuniorRight to the Point Video-Tracking

Key Features� Simplest video-tracking system available,nine steps and you’re done!

� Ready-to-use configurations provide concretemeaningful data

DESIGNED FOR:Water Maze Experiment� Latency to reach the platform and times platform is crossed

� Permanence time, distance traveled, speed and numberof entries (and %) into zones (platform, pool, quadrants,border and total)

� Movement pattern and manually scored events

Open Field Experiment� Permanence time, distance traveled, speed and number ofentries (and %) into zones (center, periphery and border)


Plus Maze Experiment� Permanence time, distance traveled, speed and number ofentries (and %) center, open arms and closed arms


T/Y Maze� Alternations (number, %, max), first arm choice,latency first choice

� Permanence time, distance traveled, speed and numberof entries (and %) into correct/incorrect arms, left/rightarms or A/B/C arms


Place Preference� Permanence time (absolute and relative), distance traveled,speed and number of entries (and %) into compartmentassociated to drug/placebo and corridor


Components Included� Instruction manual


Options� Telemetric switch (remote start/stop switch)

� WebCam or other cameras

� PC station or laptop (upon request)

NEW Smart JUNIOR MA Extension!With the NEW MA (Multiple Arenas) extension to Smart JUNIOR,users are able to work with an amazing number of subjects (overa 100!) for maximum efficiency. Create arenas and related zones inless than 10 clicks!. Allows independent or synchronized (all arenas oronly selected arenas) start/stop of tracking process. The ONLY systemavailable that features different lighting/contrast and timing controlsettings for each arena!

Smart JUNIORSmart JUNIOR is an economical video-tracking system speciallyintended for laboratories with very precise interests and needingconcise meaningful reports.

With a more competitive price, the Smart JUNIOR software fulfills all thebasic functions of a classic video-tracking system. Ready-to-useconfigurations, run panel and data reports are directly targeted to specificstandard experiments. An innovative scheduler tool allows managing thesubjects and trials in different phases and sessions for an easy retrievaland organization of the final data. Succinct graphs provide a directvisualization of the results obtained in the different experimental groups.

Smart JUNIOR takes advantage of the latest technologies in terms ofimage processing for providing accurate data in the context ofbehavioral research. The software platform is expandable: new ready-to-use protocol configurations can be easily plugged-in for wideningthe scope of the system.

Smart JUNIOR represents the finest solution for completing molecularand cellular studies by standard behavioral analysis. It is also a perfectalternative for labs just beginning behavior studies.


Video Tracking

Smart JuniorRight to the Point Video-Tracking (continued)

FAQ’s1. When my trial version expires, what should I do to acquirea license?

Just follow the instructions indicated by the Activation Assistant of theSmart JUNIOR and you will get your registered copy within minutes!

2. Once I buy the system, will I have to pay anything else such asannual license or technical/scientific support?

Panlab/Harvard Apparatus includes all related expenses in its price.Technical and scientific support is always available for our team.

3. Now there are only 5 Experimental Modules but, do you plan toadd new ones? If so, which ones?

As long as there are standard experiments with highly standardizedparameters to look at, we will not stop widening JUNIOR’S scope.

4. If at a later stage I become interested in a highly sophisticatedvideo tracking system such as your renowned Smart,will I have to pay for a brand new system?

At Panlab/Harvard Apparatus we make this transition simple for ourcustomers! What is more, we offer a highly affordable transfer feefor customers wishing to move from Smart JUNIOR to SMART!Contact our technical support staff for more information.

CitationCamarasa J et al. (2008) Memantine prevents the cognitive impairment induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 589(1-3):132-9 (open-field, water maze,rats, Spain

Related Hardware

� Circular Pool, see pages 67 – 68


� Open Field Box, see page 90

� Place Preference, see page 98

� Y or T Maze, by request

SpecificationsComputer Requirements 2 GHz processor or higher (Celeron processor not

supported), 2 Gb of RAM

Graphic CardRequirements

256 colors palette graphics card for 1024x768pixels, 32-bit true color RGB display

System Requirements Windows® XP (SP2 or Higher), Vista 32

Images Sources Webcam, digital video, firewire/USB digitalcamera; in general, any device compatible withWindows® Image Acquisition (WIA)

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0029 SMART JUNIOR Smart Junior Platform

(Needs Experiment Modules)

BH2 76-0255 SJWM Water Maze Experiment Module

BH2 76-0256 SJPM Plus-Maze Experiment Module

BH2 76-0257 SJOF Open-Field Experiment Module

BH2 76-0416 SJTY T-Y Maze Experiment Module

BH2 76-0415 SJPP Place Preference Experiment Module

BH2 76-0508 SJMA Multiple Arenas Module

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0270 Smart Remote Telemetric Switch

BH2 76-0260 CAMWEB Logitech Quickcam Express 5000 640x48030FPS w/Cable USB 1.8 m

BH2 76-0261 CAMWEB2 High Resolution WebCam Creative WebCamNX Ultra 640 x 480 w/Cable USB 1.8 m

BH2 76-0262 CONVANAUSB Video Converter (Analog/Digital)


9

Video Tracking

Locomotor activity refers to the movement fromone location to another. In rodents, one of themost important components of exploration, aprominent activity of the animal’s repertoire ofspontaneous activity, is locomotion. Moreover,locomotor activity and exploration are involved inmany behavioral and physiological functions andare influenced by many external factors, such asenvironmental conditions (light, temperature, noise)and novelty, and internal factors, such as circadianrhythm, food- or drink-deprivation, prior handlingby the researcher, age, gender, strain, and manyother factors.

Development of behavioral measurements oflocomotor activity and exploration was in partrelevant in various rodent models as an initialscreen for pharmacological effects predictive oftherapeutic drug efficacy in humans. Indeed,locomotor and exploration are mediated byneurotransmitters affected by many types of drugs,such as neuroleptic, benzodiazepines, opiates andpsychostimulants, and consequently are changedin response to the administration of these drugs.Moreover, alterations of locomotor activity andexploration can have important consequences forparadigms that aim to study more specificprocesses, such as learning, memory, reward,anxiety and others. Thus, it is imperative to verify ifa difference in drug, lesion, strain or geneticmanipulation influences general motor activity.Furthermore, locomotor abnormalities areassociated with several human diseases such asParkinson’s and Huntington’s disease orhyperactivity syndrome and are thereforedisplayed by animal models.

Locomotor Activity& ExplorationGuide

10


Behavioral TestCircadian Locomotor Activity

Rodents typically display circadian rhythmicvariations (defined as a 24-hour rhythm) inbehavior and physiology. Circadian globalactivity is directly assessed in the animal homecage through long periods (>24 hours). Theactivity parameters (locomotion, exploration,stereotypies) are generally evaluated usingautomated procedures (ex: photocell beams,video tracking systems, or weight transducers).

Reasons for Choosing This Test

� No need for habitation; not stressful, familiarenvironment for the subject

� Long-term observation of activity (circadian rhythm)� Easy to perform tests� No animal handling needed� Sensitive for both mice and rats

Related Human Disease/Applications

� Drug Screening� Phenotyping� Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Behavioral TestOpen Field Test for BasalGlobal Activity

Basal locomotor activity is generally assessedin a specific activity arena (can be an open fieldor other) for short or intermittent periods (<1hour). Locomotion (horizontal activity),exploration (rearing and object sniffing) andstereotypies (movement without displacement)are then recorded manually or using variousautomated procedures (photocell beams, video-tracking system, or weight transducers).


� Free exploration paradigm� Widely used in literature� Easy to use for inexperienced users� Can be entirely automated� Sensitive for both mice and rats

Reasons for Not Choosing This Test

� Requires non-stressful conditions(habituation and low lighting conditions)


� Drug Screening� Phenotyping� Parkinson’s Disease� Huntington’s Disease� Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Locomotor Activity & Exploration Guide

11

12


Behavioral TestLocomotor Response to Novelty

Locomotor response to novelty is an index ofanimal exploration/anxiety that has beenshown to represent a predictive factor for theaddictive properties of a drug. In an animalmodel for vulnerability to drug abuse, animalsthat exhibit greater motor activity in a novelenvironment (high responders; HR) are foundmore sensitive to drugs of abuse and are morelikely to self-administer these drugs comparedto less reactive animals (low responders, LR).In the light of clinical evidence on comorbiitybetween drug abuse and mood disorders, thismodel is widely used to investigate whetherindividual differences in locomotor reactivity tonovelty are related to anxiety and depression-like responsiveness in rodents.


� Explore novelty-seeking behaviors� Free exploration paradigm� Test maximizing avoidance/anxiety related behavior

respect to approach/exploratory behavior� Only one exposure (no habituation) and quickly

performed� Easy to run� Sensitive for mice and rats


� Anxiogenic conditions(novel environment with no possibility of escape)


� Drug Screening� Phenotyping� Addiction� Anxiety Disorders

Behavioral TestActivity Wheel

The Rodent Activity Wheel represents a verysimple and clever way to register animalphysical activity in its home cage environment.The use of this high throughput tool isparticularly relevant for research involvingcircadian rhythms, Phenotyping and drugtesting. Typically, the time and distance run on avoluntary running wheel are monitored overseveral days or weeks to determine whether aparticular substance or experimentalmanipulation has an effect on exercise behavior.


� Rodent voluntary exercise registering; allowsanimals to exercise when and at the intensity thatthey choose

� Availability of a running wheel may reduce theeffects of chronic stress on depression-like signsin mice

� Less labor intensive than treadmill running asresearchers need not to be present during wheelrunning

� Relatively inexpensive setup� Ideal for high throughput experiments; many animals

can be trained at the same time� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Intensity and duration of the exercise cannot becontrolled

� Certain lines of transgenic mice may not engage inenough voluntary wheel running exercise to producetraining adaptations

� Not suitable for studies that require precise timing toexplore acute post exercise adaptations (intermittentrunning throughout the active cycle)


� Drug Screening� Phenotyping� Neuromuscular Disease� Parkinson’s Disease� Muscular Dystrophy

Harvard Apparatus • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.comPanlab | Harvard Apparatus • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com

13


Behavioral TestEmergence Test

The Emergence Test is a free explorationparadigm designed to reduce anxiety byproviding a safe enclosure within the open fieldin order to assess approach or exploratorybehavior in rodents.

Briefly, the open field contained a white plasticcylinder with an open end centrally located. Thesubjects are placed into the cylinder and testedfor 10 to 15 minutes. The parameters commonlyevaluated in this task are the latency ofemergence from the cylinder, the total time spentinside the cylinder, the time spent exploring thecylinder and general locomotor activity.


� Free exploration paradigm in reducedanxiogenic environment

� Easy to run� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Drug Screening� Phenotyping� Parkinson’s Disease

Behavioral TestNovel Object Test

The Novel Object Test is a free explorationparadigm that provides animals theopportunity to explore a novel object in afamiliar environmental context. Briefly, anobject is placed into the center of each openfield and the behavior of the animal (time spentexploring the novel object and overalllocomotor activity) is registered during adetermined period of time.


� Free exploration paradigm in a familiar environment� Test maximizing approach/exploratory behavior

respect to avoidance/anxiety-related behavior� Easy to run, even for inexperienced users� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Drug Screening� Phenotyping� Parkinson’s Disease



14

Behavioral TestHole Board Test

The Hole Board Test is a specific test forevaluating exploration in rodents. In this test,the animal is placed on an arena with regularlyarranged holes on the floor. Both frequencyand duration of spontaneous elicited hole-poking exploratory behavior are then measuredmanually or using automated procedures(photocell beams, video tracking system)during a short period of time. Other associatedbehaviors can also be evaluated, such asgrooming, rearing and locomotion.


� Allows differentiation between “inquisitive” and“inspective” exploration

� Very sensitive to drug effects� Can be completely automated� Easy to use, even for inexperienced users� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Drug Screening� Phenotyping

Behavioral TestTreadmill

The Treadmill Test in rodents is a useful tool witha great value in the study of functional capacityand is a validated standard model forinvestigations in the field of human metabolism.A subject is forced to walk/run on a treadmill(adjustable speed and inclination) during specificperiods of time. This test allows the study ofvarious physiological and behavioral functionssuch as long and short-term effort duringexercise, locomotion, metabolic exchanges,cardiac function, motor coordination and fatigue.


� Adapted from a human test� Allows the researcher to precisely control the level

of exertion� Easy to use, even for inexperienced users� Sensitive for mice and rats


� Needs repetitive daily exposure during few weeks� Requires constant vigilance by the researcher to

make sure that the animals run for the entireexercise bout

� Use of aversive stimuli to encourage running


� Improvement of sportive human performances� Oxidative Stress� Diabetes� Parkinsons’s Disease� Ischemia� Ostopenia/Osteoporosis


IR Actimeter

Options� ActiTrack software, see page 17

� Arena dividers

� Hole poke board

� Transparent acrylic arena

ActiTrack Tracking Software

IR ActimeterThe Panlab/Harvard Apparatus Infrared (IR) Actimeter allows the studyof spontaneous locomotor activity, rearing and optional hole-board testparameters for exploration in rodents. A reliable system for easy andrapid drug screening and phenotype characterization in both day andnight lighting conditions.

The system is composed of a two dimensional (X and Y axes) squareframe, a frame support and a control unit. Each frame counts with 16 x16 infrared beams for optimal subject detection.

The system is completely modular: each frame may be used forevaluation of general activity (one or more animals), locomotor,stereotypic movements, rearings or exploration (nose-spoke detectionin the hole-board option). The infrared photocell system can be setwith up to 15 levels of sensitivity in order to adapt the frames to thetypology of the animal (rats, mice). It can also be set to ignore thebeams that are obstructed by objects (e.g. the walls/corners of thehome cage).

The frames can be controlled by independent control units or directlythrough SeDaCom computer software, which allows easy exportationof data (through RS-232 serial port) in a format compatible with Excel™.Optionally, the ActiTrack software option may be used to analyzeanimal trajectories (distance, speed, permanence time in selectedzones) and then provide additional complementary data to thoseobtained using the control units.

Key Features� Interchangeable frames can be used without distinction forrearing activity or poking modes

� Can be used without any computer (independent control units)

� Dedicated PC optional, not required

Parameters Measured� Fast/Slow activity; i.e. movements with displacement(control unit)

� Fast/Slow stereotypies; i.e. movements without displacement(control unit)

� Fast/Slow rearings (control unit)

� Fast/Slow nose-spoke (control unit)

� Analysis of animal tracking: distance covered, speed,rearings, permanence time in selected zones, etc. (ActiTrack)

� Intervals of inactivity (ActiTrack)

� Time in zone (ActiTrack)

� Distance travelled (ActiTrack)

� Rearing behavior events and duration (ActiTrack)

Components Included� IR unit and control unit with RS-232 communications port

� SeDaCom software



� Set of spare fuses

� 2 year warranty on hardware

Locomotor Activity & Exploration


15

IR Actimeter (continued)

SpecificationsSystem Dimensions:

LE 8811 450 (W) x 450 (D) x 200 (H) mm

LE 8812 220 (W) x 220 (D) x 200 (H) mm

Number of InfraRedBeams Per Frame

32 (16 per axis)

InfraRed Photocells Spacing:

LE 8815 25mm

LE 8816 13mm

Material Composition Aluminum, polypropylene

Computer Requirements PC (Windows® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP& Vista 32) (if SeDaCom is to be Used)

Maximum Number ofStations

32 InfraRed Frames per computer(either SeDaCom or ActiTrack)

Power Requirements 110/220 V, 50/60 Hz

Certifications CE compliant

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0121 LE8811 Double IR System, Rats & Mice (Includes

LE8825, LE8817, 2 Units LE8815 and SeDaCom)

BH2 76-0122 LE8810 Double IR Activity System, Mice (IncludesLE8825, LE8818, 2 Units LE8816 and SeDaCom)

BH2 76-0123 LE8812 Single IR Activity System, Rats (Includes LE8825,LE8817, LE8815 and SeDaCom Software)

BH2 76-0124 LE8809 Single IR Activity System, Mice (IncludesLE8825, LE8818, LE8816 and SeDaCom Software)

BH2 76-0125 LE8821 Arena Divider for LE 8815(Allows Monitoring of 2 Animals at Once)

BH2 76-0126 LE8823 Arena Divider for LE 8816(Allows Monitoring of 2 Animals at Once)

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0003 ACTITRACK Enhanced Tracking Software for up to 32 Frames

BH2 76-0127 LE8815 IR FRAME, 450 x 450 mm, 16 x 16 IR Beams

BH2 76-0128 LE8816 IR FRAME, 250 x 250 mm, 16 x 16 IR Beams

BH2 76-0129 LE8814 Transparent Arena 440 x 440 mm (Open Field)

BH2 76-0130 LE8813 Transparent Arena 210 x 210 mm (Open Field)

BH2 76-0131 LE8817 Support for LE 8815 Frames

BH2 76-0132 LE8818 Support for LE 8816 Frames

BH2 76-0133 LE8820 Hole Poke Base for LE 8815 Frame

BH2 76-0134 LE8825 Data Logger (up to 200 Hours Memory)and PC Interface



CitationsCanini F et al. (2009) Metyrapone decreases locomotion acutely. Neurosci. Letters. 457(1): 41-44.(locomotion, rat, France)Chetrit J et al. (2009) Involvement of Basal Ganglia Network in Motor Disabilities Induced by TypicalAntipsychotics. PLoS One. 4(7):e6208. (Open-field with Actitrack, rat, France).Lamberty Y et al. (2009) Behavioural phenotyping reveals anxiety-like features of SV2A deficient mice.Behav. Brain Res. 198(2):329-333. (mouse, Belgium)Lopez-Aumatell R et al. (2009) Unlearned anxiety predicts learned fear: A comparison amongheterogeneous rats and the Roman rat Straits. Behavioural Brain Research, 202: 92-101.(Spontaneous activity, rats, Spain, UK, Switzerland)Tsuchida R et al. (2009) An Antihyperkinetic Action by the Serotonin 1A–Receptor AgonistOsemozotan Co-administered With Psychostimulants or the Non-stimulant Atomoxetine in Mice. J.Pharmacological Sci. 109(3):396-402. (locomotion, mouse, Japan)Goeldner C et al. (2008) Nociceptin Receptor Impairs Recognition Memory via Interaction with NMDAReceptor-Dependent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated KinaseSignaling in the Hippocampus. J Neurosci., 28(9):2190 –2198. (object-recognition test, mouse, France)Lalonde R and Strazielle (2008) Exploratory activity and motor coordination in old versus middle-agedC57BL/6J mice. Arch. Gerontol. Geriat. Article in Press (Locomotor activity, mouse, Canada)

Lalonde R and Strazielle (2008) Relations between open-field, elevated plus-maze, and emergencetests as displayed by C57/BL6J and BALB/c mice. J: Neurosci. Meth. 171(1):48-52 (Locomotor activity,mouse, Canada)Lalonde R et al. (2008) Effects of a B-vitamin-deficient diet on exploratory activity, motor coordination,and spatial learning in young adult Balb/c mice. Brain Res. 1188:122-131 (open field, mouse, Canada)Goeldner C et al. (2008) Nociceptin Receptor Impairs Recognition Memory via Interaction with NMDAReceptor-Dependent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated KinaseSignaling in the Hippocampus. J Neurosci., 28(9):2190 –2198. (object-recognition test, mouse, France)Rubio M (2008) CB1 receptor blockade reduces the anxiogenic-like response and ameliorates theneurochemical imbalances associated with alcohol withdrawal in rats. Neuropharmacology. 54(6):976-988. (rat, Spain, USA)Belujon P et al (2007) Noradrenergic Modulation of Subthalamic Nucleus Activity: Behavioral andElectrophysiological Evidence in Intact and 6-Hydroxydopamine-Lesioned Rats. J Neurosci.27(36):9595-9606. (Parkison rats, France)Sonnier L et al. (2007) Progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain of adult miceheterozygote for Engrailed1. J Neurosci. 27(5): 1063-1071. (mouse, France)


17

ActiTrack Software for IR Actimeter

Key Features� Control up to 32 frames

� Provides spatial position, pattern of displacement andrearings

� User-adjustable thresholds for classifying activity into fast,slow and resting movements

� Allows track re-analysis with an unlimited number ofuser-defined zones

� Enables re-playing experiment using different thresholdfor movement speed definition

� Can be installed in as many computers as may be requiredfor track analysis

Parameters Measured� Traveled distance (and % ) into user-defined zones

� Maximum, minimum and mean speed

� Time (and %) moving fast, slow and resting

� Permanence time (and %) into user-defined zones

� Number of entrances into user-defined zones

� Number and mean duration of rearings

� Number of clockwise and counter-clockwise turns

� Track history analysis

Components Included� Software CD with USB protection key


� Free software updates of the acquired system(excluding UPGRADES)

CitationsChetrit J et al. (2009) Involvement of Basal Ganglia Network in Motor Disabilities Induced by TypicalAntipsychotics. PLoS One. 4(7):e6208. (Open-field with Actitrack, rat, France).Lamberty Y et al. (2009) Behavioural phenotyping reveals anxiety-like features of SV2Adeficient mice. Behav. Brain Res. 198(2):329-333. (mouse, Belgium)Tsuchida R et al. (2009) An Antihyperkinetic Action by the Serotonin 1A–Receptor AgonistOsemozotan Co-administered With Psychostimulants or the Non-stimulant Atomoxetine in Mice. J.Pharmacological Sci. 109(3):396-402. (locomotion, mouse, Japan)Goeldner C et al. (2008) Nociceptin Receptor Impairs Recognition Memory via Interaction with NMDAReceptor-Dependent Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated KinaseSignaling in the Hippocampus. J Neurosci., 28(9):2190 –2198. (object-recognition test, mouse, France)Rubio M (2008) CB1 receptor blockade reduces the anxiogenic-like response and ameliorates theneurochemical imbalances associated with alcohol withdrawal in rats. Neuropharmacology. 54(6):976-988 (rat, Spain, USA)Reiss D et al (2007) Effects of social crowding on emotionality and expression of hippocampalnociceptin/orphanin FQ system transcripts in mice. Behav. Brain Res. 184(2):167-173 (mouse, France)Sonnier L et al. (2007) Progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain of adult miceheterozygote for Engrailed1. J Neurosci. 27(5): 1063-1071. (mouse, France)Kucerova J et al. (2006) Gender differences in cannabinoid and ecstasy interacting effects in mice.Homeostasis in health and diseases. 2006(1-2): 95-96. (mouse, Czech Republic)Menendez J et al. (2006) Suppression of Parkin enhances nigrostriatal and motor neuronlesion in mice over-expressing human-mutated tau protein. Human Molecular Genetics. 15(13): 2045-2058. (mouse, Spain)Tanaka et al. (2006) Psychostimulant-Induced Attenuation of Hyperactivity and PrepulseInhibition Deficits in Adcyap1-Deficient Mice. J. Neurosci. 26(19): 5091-5097. (mouse, Japan)

software species is hardware specificSpecificationsComputer Requirements 2.2 GHz Processor or higher (Celeron processor

excluded), 2 Gb of RAM

System Requirements Windows® XP compatible operating system(SP2 or higher), Vista 32

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0003 ActiTrack Tracking Software for up to 32 IR Frames


Assessment of sensory motor and coordination is animportant part of behavioral studies. Behaviorsresult from the integration of environmental sensorystimuli and their conversion within the centralnervous system into motor commands.

The notion of brain-body-environment interactionrefers to causal effects. Simplistically, sensory inputscausally affect motor outputs, and these motoroutputs in turn causally affect sensory inputs. Such“perception-action loops” is crucial to anybiological organism or artificial system thatpossesses the ability to react to the environment.Integration of the sensory perception and motoroutput occurs in the cerebellum and the basalganglia. Both structures project by many neuralpathways to the motor cortex, which commandsmovements to the muscles, and to thespinocerebellar tract, which provides feedback onthe position of the body in space (proprioception).Consequently, cerebellum and basal ganglia areresponsible of smooth, coordinated movementsand a disturbance of either system will show up asdisorders in fine movements, equilibrium, posture,and motor learning, as observed in Parkinson’s orHuntington’s diseases.

Studying neurobiological mechanisms of thesecommon diseases is therefore essential to findefficient therapeutic strategies. To do so, variousbehavioral tasks have been developed inlaboratory rodent models and are largelyvalidated. Moreover, because behavioralexperiments typically measure motor coordinatedresponses to sensory information, assessment ofthese abilities is required for the interpretation ofresults of experiments designed to assess otherneurobiological processes.

Sensory Motor& CoordinationGuide

18

Sensory Motor & Coordination Guide

19

Behavioral TestRota Rod Test

The Rota Rod is a standard test of motorcoordination, balance and fatigue in rodents.The animals are placed on moving lanesrotating at different speeds or undercontinuous acceleration, and the time latencyto fall from the Rota Rod is recorded.


� Easy to perform test� Allows multi-animals sessions� Allows evolution curves of performance� Sensitive for both rats and mice


� Poor in detecting minor deficits or improvementsin coordination

� Needs habituation sessions


� Motor Phenotyping� Drug Screening� Parkinson’s Disease� Huntington’s Disease� Alcohol Dependence� Aging

Behavioral TestGrip Strength Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the limbmotor or muscular functions in rodents. Itrepresents a complementary test to the RotaRod. Subjects are pulled by the tail while theyare allowed to grasp a grid or a bar. Themaximum force applied to the grid or the barjust before they lose grip is recorded.


� Easy and rapid test� Sensitive for both rats and mice


� High variability in the response� Habituation to the response inducing a loss of

motivation when measurements are performed atshort interval

� Influenced by user handling (need training)


� Neuromuscular Diseases� Phenotyping� Drug Screening� Parkinson’s Disease� Huntington’s Disease� Aging



20

Behavioral TestStartle Response toAcoustic and Tactile Stimulus

The startle response is a brainstem reflex elicitedby an unexpected acoustic or tactile stimulus.The evaluation of startle reflex response (and itshabituation) to acoustic or tactile stimulus ofdifferent intensities is widely used for thedetection of sensorimotor gating and hearingdeficiencies in phenotyping evaluations.


� Neurological phenotyping for motor and sensorycapabilities

� Objective measurement: automated detection ofstartle reflex

� Sensitive for both rats and mice


� Restraint conditions (habituation phase needed)� Non-specific influence of attention processes


� Neurological Phenotyping� Hyperekplexia� Auditory Deficits� Parkinson’s Disease� Huntington’s Disease� Schizophrenia

Behavioral TestPrepulse Inhibitionof Startle Reflex

Prepulse Inhibition (PPI) paradigm is commonlyused to evaluate sensorimotor gating as well asattentional processes involved in informationselection processing. The startle response is abrainstem reflex elicited by an unexpectedacoustic or tactile stimulus. In the prepulseinhibition test, sensorimotor gating is assessedby evaluating the characteristics of the innatereduction of the startle reflex induced by a weakprestimulus. This test measures pre-attentiveprocesses that operate outside of consciousawareness and is widely used in animal modelsof diseases marked by an inability to inhibit, or“gate” irrelevant information in sensory, motor,or cognitive domains.


� Reproduces the same paradigm used in humans todetect attentional and sensorimotor gating disorders

� Objective measurement: automated detection ofstartle reflex



� Restraint conditions (habituation phase needed)� Influenced by non-specific effects on

sensorimotor gating


� Drug Screening� Phenotyping� Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)� Schizophrenia� Autism� Obsessive Compulsive Disorder� Huntington’s Disease� Nocturnal Enuresis� Tourette’s Syndrome


Sensory Motor & Coordination Guide

21

Behavioral TestTreadmill

The Treadmill Test in rodents is a useful tool witha great value in the study of functional capacity. Itis a validated standard model for investigations inthe field of human metabolism. A subject isforced to walk/run on a treadmill (adjustablespeed and inclination) during specific periods oftime. This test allows the study of variousphysiological and behavioral functions such aslong and short-term effort during exercise,locomotion, metabolic exchanges, cardiacfunction, motor coordination and fatigue.



of exertion� Easy to use, even for inexperienced users� Sensitive for mice and rats


� Needs repetitive daily exposurelasting several weeks

� Requires constant vigilance bythe researcher to make sure thatthe animals run for the entireexercise test time

� Use of aversive stimuli toencourage running


� Improvement of sportive human performances� Oxidative Stress� Diabetes� Parkinsons’s Disease� Ischemia� Ostopenia/Osteoporosis

Behavioral TestRotameter Test

Rotational behavior has proved a populartechnique for screening the behavioral effectsof a wide variety of lesions, drugs, and otherexperimental manipulations on the brain ofrodents. This test is widely carried out inexperiments using animal models of Parkinsondisease with unilateral lesions in thedopaminergic nigrostriatal system in which thenumber and direction of animal rotations inquantified after apormorphine treatment.


� Rapid and easy-to-do test� Can be entirely automated


� Drug Screening� Parkinson’s Disease

Behavioral TestActivity Wheel

The Rodent Activity Wheel represents a verysimple and clever way to register animal physicalactivity in its home cage environment. The useof this high throughput tool is particularlyrelevant for research involving circadianrhythms, phenotyping and drug testing. The timeand distance run on a voluntary running wheelare monitored over several days or weeks todetermine whether a particular substance orexperimental manipulation has an effect onexercise behavior.


� Rodent voluntary exercise registering; allowsanimals to exercise when and at the intensity thatthey choose

� Accessibility to running wheel may reduce theeffects of chronic stress on depression-like signsin mice

� Less labor intensive than treadmill running asresearchers need not to be present during wheelrunning

� Relatively inexpensive setup� Ideal for high throughput experiments; many animals

can be trained at the same time� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Intensity and duration of the exercise cannot becontrolled

� Certain lines of transgenic mice may not engage inenough voluntary wheel running exercise to producetraining adaptations

� Not suitable for studies that require precise timing toexplore acute post exercise adaptations (intermittentrunning throughout the active cycle)


� Drug Screening‰ Phenotyping‰ Neuromuscular Disease‰ Parkinson’s Disease‰ Muscular Dystrophy

22

Sensory & MotorRota Rod for Motor Coordination in Rodents

CitationsFavre-Guilmard C et al. (2009) Different antinociceptive effects of botulinum toxin type A ininflammatory and peripheral polyneuropathic rat models . Eur. J. Phar. 617(1-3): 48-53 (rat, France)Marino P et al. (2009) A polysialic acid mimetic peptide promotes functional recovery in a mousemodel of spinal cord injury. Exp Neurology, 219(1):163-174. (spinal cord injury, mouse, France)Viosca J et al. (2009) Germline expression of H-RasG12V causes neurological deficits associated toCostello syndrome. Genes, Brain and Behav. 8(1):60-71. (mouse, France)Favre-Guilmard C et al. (2008) The novel inhibitor of the heterotrimeric G-protein complex, BIM-46187,elicits anti-hyperalgesic properties and synergizes with morphine. Eur. J. Phar. 594(1-3): 70-76 (rat, France)Korhonen L et al. (2008) Expression of X-chromosome linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in maturepurkinje cells and in retinal bipolar cells in transgenic mice induces neurodegeneration. Neuroscience156(3):515-526 (LE8200, mouse, Finland)

Key Features� Combined Rota Rod for mice and rats available!

� Mechanical detection of fall

� Individual lane timers

� Constant speed and fixed acceleration rate modes

� Automatic recording of latencies to fall and rotation speed

� Memory for storing data

� Data Transfer software included (SeDaCom)

Parameters Measured� Animal latency to fall

� Rotation speed when fall occurs

Components Included� Rota Rod unit with integrated control unit andRS-232 communication’s port

� Cylinder for mice, rats or both depending on the model

� Extension hood for rats (only for LE8300 and LE8500)



� Certificate of calibration



� 2 year warranty

Options� LE7000 thermal printer

Rota RodThe animal is placed on the roller lane of the Rota Rod and the timer isstarted. When the animal drops safely into its own lane, the time latencyto fall (minutes and seconds) and rotation speed are automaticallyrecorded. A removable upper separator for rat models is included toprevent interference between animals running in adjacent lanes.

The Rota Rod is controlled by an advanced microprocessor which providesprecise timing control and ultra-accurate speed regulation. Rotation canbe electronically set at a constant speed (4-40 rpm) using a dial on thefront panel. Alternatively, acceleration rate may be selected at a definedtime (30 sec., 1, 2, 5 or 10 min). Acquired data is saved in the form of atable-lanes/trials. The Panlab/Harvard Apparatus Rota Rod is alsoprovided with a computer interface enabling easy exportation of datathrough RS-232 serial port in a format that is compatible with Excel™.

Rota RodThe Panlab/Harvard Apparatus Rota Rod provides an easy way to testthe effects of drugs, brain damage, or diseases on motor coordination orfatigue resistance in rodents.

SpecificationsUnit Dimensions 362 (W) x 240 (D) x 400 (H) mm

Extra Hood 100 (H) mm

Lane and RodDimensions-Rats

75 mm (W); 60 mm rod diameter

Lane and RodDimensions-Mice

50 mm (W); 30 mm rod diameter

Material Composition Methacrylate, arnite (lanes)

Constant Speeds 4-40 RPM

Acceleration Rate 30 seconds, 1, 2, 5, or 10 minutes

Computer Requirements PC (Windows® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP & Vista 32)


1 per computer (multiple set-ups also availableunder request)


Power Requirements 110/220 V, 50/60 Hz

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0237 LE 8200 Accelerating Rota Rod for

5 Mice Including SeDaCom Software

BH2 76-0238 LE 8300 Accelerating Rota Rod for4 rats Including SeDaCom Software

BH2 76-0239 LE 8500 Accelerating Rota Rod for4 Rats or 4 Mice Including SeDaCom Software

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0114 LE 7000 Thermal Printer



23

Grip Strength Meter for Evaluation of Muscular Strength

CitationsDudra-Jastrzebska et al. (2009) Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction profiles of levetiracetamin combination with gabapentin, tiagabine and vigabatrin in the mouse pentylenetetrazole-induced seizuremodel: An isobolographic analysis. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 605(1-3): 87-94. (mouse, Poland, UK)Dupuis L et al. (2009) Muscle Mitochondrial Uncoupling Dismantles Neuromuscular Junction andTriggers Distal Degeneration of Motor Neurons. PLoS ONE 4(4):e5390. (mouse, France)Kozinska J et al (2009) Spironolactone potentiates the protective action of some selected antiepilepticdrugs against maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice. Annales UMCS, Pharmacia. 22(1):123-134. (mouse, Poland)Lambertsen KL et al. (2009) Microglia Protect Neurons against Ischemia by Synthesis of TumorNecrosis Factor. J. Neurosci. 29(5):1319-1330. (BIO-GT3, mouse, Denmark, Sweden).Luszczki JJ et al. (2009) N-(anilinomethyl)-p-isopropoxyphenylsuccinimide potentiates theanticonvulsant action of phenobarbital and valproate in the mouse maximal electroshock-inducedseizure model Neurosci. Res. 64(3):267-272. (mouse, Poland, Armenia)Akhtar M et al. (2008) Effect of thioperamide on oxidative stress markers in middle cerebral artery occlusionmodel of focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Human & Experimental Toxicology. 27(10):761-767. (rat, India)

Key Features� Stand alone system, PC optional, not required

� Fits to rats and mice with a simple change of grip accessories

� Multi-units display: kgs, grams, lbs., Newtons

� New and unique internal computations allows direct readingof average value, standard deviation and variability forsubjects and up to 100 animals

Parameters Measured� Maximum force developed by the front and hind paws

Components Included� Display unit with RS-232 connection for PC

� Metal stand

� Grid or bar (one or two grids/bar)


� 1 year warranty

Options� RS-232 cable

� RSIC software

� Additional grid/bar

� Statistical impact printer with cable

Grip Strength MeterThe grip strength meter allows the study of neuromuscular functions inrodents by determining the maximum force displayed by an animal.This test is included in the Functional Observational Battery (FOB) toscreen for neurobehavioral toxicity. In this context, changes in gripstrength are interpreted as evidence of motor neurotoxicity.

The grip strength meter is positioned horizontally and the subjects areheld by the tail and lowered towards the apparatus. The animals areallowed to grasp the metal grid or T-bar and are then pulled backwardsin the horizontal plane. The force applied to the grid or to the bar justbefore it loses grip is recorded as the peak tension. This force can bemeasured in kilograms, grams, pounds or Newtons.

Data output is carried out through RS-232, printer, or chart recorder.

Depending on the grid type used, grip strength can be measured fromthe front or hind paws.

Grip Test Accessories

Grid for Rats(for four paws)

Grid for Mouse(for front paws& four paws)

Bar for Rat(for front or rear paws)

SpecificationsDimensions of 2 Grid System 750 (W) x 180 (D) x 200 (H) mm

Sensor Capacity 0-2 kG (20N)

Sampling Speed 1000 Hz

Measurement Range 0 to 2000 grams

Resolution 0.1 gram

Accuracy 0.2 % of full scale

Material Composition Stainless steel (Grid)

Power Supply 110 V/220 V

Dimensions of Single System 400 (W) x 180 (D) x 200 (H) mm

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0483 BSBIOGS3 Grip Strength Test Complete with 1 Accessory,

110 or 220 Volts

BH2 76-0484 BSBIORSIC Data Acquisition RSIC Software Windows® XP(Dongle and CD)

BH2 76-0485 BSBIOAGRS232 RS-232 Cable

BH2 76-0479 BSBIOGRIPBR Bar for Rats (Front Paws)

BH2 76-0480 BSBIOGRIPBS Bar for Mice (Front or Rear Paws)

BH2 76-0481 BSBIOGRIPGR Grid for Rats (Front or Four Paws)

BH2 76-0482 BSBIOGRIPGS Grid for Mice (Front & Four paws)

Bar for Mouse(for front or rear

paws)

Sensory & Motor

Grip-Strength Meter

Grip-Strength MeterThis system measures the force that is required to make a mouse orrat release its grip. It is ideal to measure the effects of drugs, toxins,muscle relaxants, disease, aging or neural damage on musclestrength.

The rat or mouse is placed over a Perspex plate, in front of a grasping bar,either T-shaped or trapeze-shaped. Rodents instinctively grab anythingthey can to try to stop this involuntary backward movement. The willcontinue to grip the trapeze until the pulling force overcomes their gripstrength. After the animal loses its grip, the peak preamplifier automaticallystores the peak pull force and shows it on a liquid crystal display.

The sensor mechanism is a T-shaped or trapeze-shaped bar whoseheight is adjustable. The bar is fitted to a force transducer connectedto the Peak Amplifier. The Mouse unit is similar to the rat model exceptthe grasping trapeze is proportionately sized for mice and thetransducer sensitivity is adjusted to measure the grip strength of mice.

A complete system is comprised of the follow components:

1. A base plate of black sand-blasted Perspex,complete with upright and open-side boss-head

2. A grasping-bar (a grasping trapeze is also supplied)

3. A force transducer of adjustable height, provided withconnection cable and connector to the peak amplifier

4. A peak amplifier

Peak PreamplifierBoth the Grip Strength Meter for Rats and the model for Mice are usedwith this Peak Amplifier. It automatically discriminates whether the gripforce is generated by the rat and mouse transducer and expressesthem in grams and in decimal of grams respectively.

The data supplied by the peak amplifier is available in digital andanalog form. The waveform of the pull can be externally recorded, forexample via a channel recorder or the signal may be taken to a dataacquisition system.

Grip-Strength Meter is SuppliedComplete with the Following Components

• Peak Amplifier, incorporating a digital display

• Force Transducer Suitable for Either Rats or Mice

• Trapezes for Either Rats or Mice, T-shaped barfor Either Rats or Mice

• Perspex Plate with 10 mm diameter upright

• Open-Side Boss Head

• Table Clamp

• Mains Cable

• Set of 2 fuses for either 115 V or 230 V operation

• Instruction Manual

Order # Model ProductBH2 72-6713 47105/115 V Grip-Strength Meter for Rats, 115 V/230 V

BH2 72-6715 47106/115 V Grip-Strength Meter for Mice, 115 V/230 V

REPLACEMENT PARTS

BH2 72-6717 47105-002 Force Transducer Assembly for Rat

BH2 72-6718 47105-003 Force Transducer Assembly for Mouse

BH2 72-6719 47105-004 Pespex Plate with 10 mm Diameter Upright

BH2 72-6723 47105-323 Table Clamp

BH2 72-6725 4003 Open-Side Boss Head


Sensory & Motor


25

Rodent Activity Wheel

Key Features� Easy way to quantify rodent voluntary exercise in their homecage environment

� Preserves animal living space

� Stainless steel wheel construction

� For rat, mice and hamsters

� Ideal for high throughput experiments

Applications� Activity - circadian rhythms, exercise

� Cognition - environmental enrichment

� Disease models - Huntington’s, Attention-Deficit HyperactivityDisorder, Addiction, Anorexia and more

Rodent Activity WheelThe Rodent Activity Wheel represents a very simple and clever way toregister animal voluntary physical activity in its home cageenvironment.

The use of this high throughput tool is particularly relevant for researchinvolving circadian rhythms, phenotyping and drug testing. The animals arehoused individually in the home cages equipped with the running wheel.

The total number of wheel rotation made by the animal is displayed onthe external LE907 individual counter or LE3806 multi-counter devices.LE3806 multi-counter allows storing the data in user-defined timeintervals and exports them to the SeDaCom PC interface (through RS-232 serial port) in a format compatible with Excel™.

All the components of the wheel assembly (wheel, wheel hub andsupport) are made of stainless steel and are used with standard ACE(Allentown Caging Equipment) polycarbonate rodent cages providedwith its wire lid. The wheel is mounted outside the home cage topreserve animal living space.

All non-electrical cage components are autoclavable.

Activity Wheel and Cage

SpecificationsModel Ø Wheel Lane Width ACE* Cage Size

LE904 36 cm 10 cm 42 (W) x 26 (D) x 19 (H) cm

LE905 16 cm 6 cm 36 (W) x 20 (D) x 14 (H) cm

* Other brands are available under request

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0412 LE904 Activity Wheel and Cage, Rat

BH2 76-0413 LE905 Activity Wheel and Cage, Mouse

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0414 LE907 Single Wheel Counter

BH2 76-0243 LE3806 Multi-Counter (up to 30 wheels) includingSedaCom PC interface

Sensory & Motor

Rodent Activity Wheel and Cage

BH2 60-1943 Rodent Activity Wheel and Cage shown complete withWater Bottle,Waste Tray, Support Stand and Counter (not included)

Rodent Activity WheelThis Rodent Activity Wheel provides an easy, convenient method formeasuring lab rodents’ physical activity in response to chemical orenvironmental stimuli. It is especially useful for research involvingcircadian rhythms or pharmaceutical testing. The Rodent ActivityWheel and Cage package comes complete with: stainless steel activitywheel, wheel hub and support, sheet and activity wire lids andpolycarbonate cage with cut away bottom and stainless steel floor grid.

The Activity Wheel allows the animal to exercise voluntarily. It haslong-lasting, low-friction Teflon TFE bushings for quiet, smooth action.The stainless steel hub and support rod provide strength and durabilityand the wide wheel allows small to large animals to exercise. Amagnetic switch with LCD counter is available as an accessory forrecording animal activity on the wheel, counted as wheel revolutions.The magnetic switch can be used with both the rat and mouse wheels.

� Easy measurement of rodent activity

� For mice, rats and hamsters

� All stainless steel wheel construction

� Clear polycarbonate cage for visibility and strength

The clear polycarbonate cage has glass-like clarity and excellent impactstrength. The cut-out bottom allows changing of bedding and removal ofexcreta without disturbing the animal. (Meets NIH floor spacerequirements for a single rodent). A solid stainless steel lid covers theopening at the edge of the Activity Wheel while a wire lid with exclusivelid locks fasten securely to the cage body. These lids prevent the animalfrom escaping. The wire lid incorporates a water bottle support withrubber stopper guard and a U-shaped food hopper for pellets.

SpecificationsDimensions:

Overall, H x W x D 36.4 x 26.8 x 50 cm (14.25 x 10.375 x 19.5 in)

Wheel, OD x W 34.5 x 9 cm (13.5 x 3.5 in)

Floor Area:

Cage 929 cm2 (144 in2)

Cage with Wheel 516 cm2 (80 in2)

Order # Product

FOR RATS

BH2 60-1943 Rat Activity Wheel and Cage

BH2 60-1944 Polycarbonate Waste Tray Collects Excreta,H x W x D, 3.5 x 28 x 45 cm (1.375 x 11.125 x 17.5 in); RequiresUse of BH2 60-1945 Support Stand, see below, pkg. of 1

BH2 60-1945 Support Stand for Cage and Waste Tray for Rat Cage,Stainless Steel, Supports One Activity Cage with Wheeland Waste Tray; Allows Removal of Waste Tray withoutDisturbing the Cage or Animal

BH2 60-0506 Polycarbonate Water Bottle for Rat Cage, 500 ml Glass Clearand Shatterproof. Extremely Rugged. Permanent, Molded-inGraduations for Easy Measurement. Complete with Chew-ProofType 316 SS Cap and Sipper tube. Exclusive 1.8 mm Sipper TubeOpening Minimizes Spontaneous Dripping

BH2 60-1946 Magnetic Switch with LCD Counter the Magnetic Switch CountsWhole Revolutions of the Activity Wheel. Operates on an Extended-Life Battery (Included). A Safety Lock Position on the Reset ButtonHelps Eliminate Accidental Resettings. Assembly Required toConnect Unit to the Activity Wheel and Cage. Works with Both Ratand Mouse Wheel.

FOR MICE

BH2 60-2429 Mouse Activity Wheel and Cage

BH2 60-2425 Polycarbonate Waste Tray for Mouse Cage

BH2 60-2423 Support Stand for Cage and Waste Tray for Mouse Cage

BH2 60-2424 Polycarbonate Water Bottle for Mouse Cage

BH2 60-1946 Magnetic Switch with LCD Counter, see Description Above


Sensory & Motor


27

Small Animal Treadmill

Key Features� Silent operation, even at high speeds

� Accurate control of shock intensity

� Data acquisition software included (SeDaCom)

� Positive/Negative slope

� High performance motor

� Easy to clean

Parameters Measured� Total distance covered

� Distance covered at each moment

� Accumulated shock time per animal

� Number of contacts with the shock grid

Components Included� Treadmill unit with RS-232 port

� Allen key





� 2 year warranty


� LE87XXCO air tight option for calorimetry studies(available only on single lane models)

TreadmillsPanlab/Harvard Apparatus treadmills are rolling belts with anadjustable speed and slope, enabling forced exercise training andaccurate testing of fatigue in rodents. Different models are availabledepending on the user’s needs from one to five lanes.

These treadmills have an adjustable speed (up to 150 cm/s) and slope(from -25 to +25 degrees) and a control unit. The rolling belt is builtwith specially selected materials to guarantee the best performanceunder conditions of intensive use and requires minimum maintenance.It is also designed with simplicity for keeping it clean. The lanes(corridors of activity for the animal) have sufficient width for thesubject to correct its errors in coordination, thereby allowing an exactmeasurement of the fatigue without deficiencies in motor coordination.

The unit controls the speed of the belt, shows measured data in itsdisplay, provides current to the shocking grid and allowscommunication with the PC for data storage, via the RS-232 output andSeDaCom software. Belt velocity can also be controlled by software.Parameters measured in a trial are: belt speed and slope, distancetravelled, shock time, and shock intensity.

The electrical shock supplied by the grid is of constant intensity (from0 to 2 mA), that is, the current which circulates through the animal (andtherefore its effect) only depends on the value of the mA chosen andnot of the subject (quantity of body mass in contact with the bars,perspiration, etc.)

The apparatus can optionally be provided with an air isolated enclosurefor respiratory metabolism studies - single lane versions only. Gasanalyzer, air supply and switching units as well as software must bepurchased separately for use with air tight option.

Treadmill Unit with RS-232 Communication Port

Sensory & Motor

Small Animal Treadmill (continued)

CitationsCaron AZ et al. (2009) A novel hindlimb immobilization procedure for studying skeletal muscle atrophyand recovery in mouse. J. Appl. Physiol. 106: 2049-2059. (mouse, Canada)Casas F et al. (2009) Overexpression of the Mitochondrial T3 Receptor Induces Skeletal MuscleAtrophy during Aging. PLoS ONE. 4(5):e5631. (mouse, Spain, France)Hoffman-Goetz L et al. (2009) Voluntary exercise training in mice increases the expression ofantioxidant enzymes and decreases the expression of TNF-_ in intestinal lymphocytes. Brain, Behav.Immunity. 23(4):498-506. (mouse, Canada)Jiao Q et al. (2009) Sarcalumenin is Essential for Maintaining Cardiac Function DuringEndurance Exercise Training. Am. J.Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. (mouse, Japan) In Press.Macambira SG et al. (2009) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment in chronic Chagasdisease: preservation and improvement of cardiac structure and function. FASEB J. In Press. (LE8700,mouse, Brazil)Yoshida M et al. (2009) Functional evaluation of pallid mice with genetic emphysema.Laboratory Investigation. 89(7):760-768. (LE8709, mouse, Japan)Cassano M et al. (2008) Magic-Factor 1, a Partial Agonist of Met, Induces Muscle Hypertrophy byProtecting Myogenic Progenitors from Apoptosis. PLoS ONE. 3(9):e3223 (mouse, Italy)Ferrara N et al. (2008) Exercice training promotes SIRT1 activity in aged rats. Rejuvenation Res.11(1):139-150 (rat, Italy)Knauf C et al. (2008) Brain Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Signaling Controls the Onset of High-Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance and Reduces Energy Expenditure. Endocrinology. 149(1):4768-4777(mouse, France)Marques E et al. (2008) Influence of chronic exercise on the amphetamine-induced Dopamine Releaseand Neurodegeneration in the Striatum of the Rat. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1139:222-231. (LE8706, rat,Portugal)Knauf C et al. (2008) Brain Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Signaling Controls the Onset of High-Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance and Reduces Energy Expenditure. Endocrinology. 149(1):4768-4777(mouse, France)Cassano M et al. (2008) Magic-Factor 1, a Partial Agonist of Met, Induces Muscle Hypertrophy byProtecting Myogenic Progenitors from Apoptosis. PLoS ONE. 3(9):e3223 (mouse, Italy)Ferrara N et al. (2008) Exercice training promotes SIRT1 activity in aged rats. Rejuvenation Res.11(1):139-150 (rat, Italy)Serradj N and Jamon M (2007) Age-related changes in the motricity of the inbred mice strains129/sv and C57BL/6j. Behavioral Brain research 177(1): 80-89. (mouse, France)Suelves M et al. (2007) uPA deficiency exacerbates muscular dystrophy in MDX mice. The Journal ofCell Biology 178(6):1039-51. (Mouse, Spain)Alonso M et al. (2006) Melatonin inhibits the expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxidesynthase and nuclear factor kappa B activation in rat skeletal muscle. J. Pineal Res. In PressBillat V et al. (2005) Inter- and intrastrain variation in mouse critical running speed. J. Apll. Physiol.98: 1258-1263. (mice, France).Majczynski H et al. (2005) Serotonin-Related Enhancement of Recovery of Hind Limb Motor Functionsin Spinal Rats after Grafting of Embryonic Raphe Nuclei. J. Neurotrauma. 22(5): 590-604. (Rat, Poland)

SpecificationsCurrent Range Adjustable from 0 to 2 mA

Belt Speed Adjustable from 5 to 150cm/sec

Running Surface 450 mm long x 100 mm wide

Running Lanes 1, 2, or 5, depending upon model selected

Shock Grid 190 mm long x 100 mm wide

Slope Adjusment From 0° to 25° (negative slope also availableupon request)


Maximum Number 1 per computer with SeDaCom up to 10 unitsof Stations


Power Requirements 110V or 220V, 50/60Hz

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0303 LE8700 Rat Single Lane Treadmill Including Shock

Source and SeDaCom Software

BH2 76-0304 LE8708 Mice Single Lane Treadmill Including ShockSource and SeDaCom Software

BH2 76-0305 LE8715 Rabbit Single Lane Treadmill Including ShockSource and SeDaCom Software

BH2 76-0306 LE8706 Rat Double Lane Treadmill Including ShockSource and SeDaCom Software

BH2 76-0307 LE8709 Mice Double Lane Treadmill Including ShockSource and SeDaCom Software

BH2 76-0308 LE8710R 5 Lanes Treadmill for Rats, Including ShockSource and SeDaCom Software

BH2 76-0309 LE8710M 5 Lanes Treadmill for Mice, Including ShockSource and SeDaCom Software

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0310 LE 87XXCO CO Air Tight Option(Only Available for LE8700, LE8708 and LE8715)

BH2 76-0114 LE 7000 Thermal Printer

BH2 76-0312 LE8740R LE8710 Lead for Rats

BH2 76-0313 LE8740M LE8710 Lead for Mice

BH2 76-0314 LE8730R LE8710 Grid for Rats

BH2 76-0315 LE8730M LE8710 Grid for Mice


Sensory & Motor


29

Rotameter for Evaluating Rotation Behavior

Key Features� Rotation sensor with adjustable TTL output signal

� Configuring experiment duration and time intervals of counting

� Counting the number of partial and complete left and right turns

� Adjustable harness with velcro

� Computer interface included

Parameters Measured� Number of partial and complete left and right turns

Components Included� Rotation sensor and support

� Animal harness

� Container (either a bowl or a cylinder)




� 2 year warranty

Options� Double counter (left & right turn)

� Programmable counter with 30 inputs (up to 15 Rota Meter)and SeDaCom software

A bi-directional rotation sensor provides a double (right and left turns)output with adjustable regulation of pulses/turns (between 3 and 36pulses per complete turn). Experiment duration and time intervals ofmeasurement can be set. An external multicounter LE3806 isnecessary for data storage; it counts the number of partial andcomplete left and right turns depending of the adjustments made onthe rotation sensors.

The computer interface SeDaCom allows easy exportation of data(through RS-232 serial port) in a format compatible with Excel™.

CitationsBelzunegui S et al. (2008) Striatal carotid body graft promotes differentiation of neural progenitorcells into neurons in the olfactory bulb of adult hemiparkisonian rats. Brain Res. 1217:213-220.Martin A et al. (2008) open-field, elevated plus maze, Y-maze, and Morris water maze.Neuropsychopharmacol. 33:1667-1679 (rat, Spain)Aymerich MS et al. (2006) Consequences of unilateral nigrostriatal denervation on the thalamostriatalpathway in rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 23(8): 2099. (rat, Spain)Bove J et al. (2006) Reversion of levodopa-induced motor fluctuations by the A2A antagonist CSC isassociated with an increase in striatal preprodynorphin mRNA expression in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats.Synapse. 59(7): 435-444. (rat, Spain)Toledo-Aral JJ et al. (2003) Trophic restoration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway in long-termcarotid body-grafted parkinsonian rats. J. Neurosci. 23(1): 141-148. (rat, Spain)Segura-Aguilar J et al. (2002) Inhibition of DT-diaphorase is a requirement for Mn3+ to produce a6-OH-dopamine like Rotational Behavior. Neurotoxicity Research, Volume 4, Number 2, 127 – 131(rat, Chile)Diaz-Veliz G et al. (2002) Behavioral effects of aminochrome and dopachrome injected in the ratsubstantia nigra. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 73(4):843-50 (rat, Chile)

Rotameter

RotameterRotational behavior has proved a popular technique for screening thebehavioral effects of a wide variety of lesions, drugs, and otherexperimental manipulations on the brain of rodents. This test is widelycarried out in experiments using animal models of Parkinson’s Diseasewith unilateral lesions in the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system.

The subject wears an adjustable harness with velcro connected to therotation sensor by a flexible tie. Wide ranges of harnesses are availableto fit different animal sizes. The subject is then placed into a transparentcontainer (cylindrical or oval) with a lateral support for a vertical stand.

SpecificationsFraction of Turn 4 to 36 fraction of a circumference (selectable)

Dimensions of theContainers

400 mm diameter


Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0241 LE902 Rotational System Including Rotation Sensor,

Rat or Mouse Harness, Bowl or CylinderContainer

BH2 76-0242 LE902-CC Double Counter (Left & Right Turns)

BH2 76-0243 LE3806 Programmable MultiCounter with 30 Inputs(up to 15 Rota-Meter) and SedaCom Software

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0244 LE902-SR Left & Right Rotation Sensor,Adjustable Turn Resolution

BH2 76-0245 LE902-AS Rat Harness with Velcro and Connecting Wire

BH2 76-0246 LE902-MT Mouse Harness with Velcroand Connecting Wire

BH2 76-0247 LE902-RP Cylindrical or Oval Containerwith Supporting Rod

Sensory & Motor

HSE-HA Rodent ShockerNow NEW versions with low current and 0.1mA accuracy available!

Rodent ShockerCerebral seizures, preferably in mice, are produced using constantsinusoidal alternating current to determine the effect of anticonvulsantdrugs. For the reliable induction of seizures it is necessary to achievesatisfactory current flow. Eye electrodes and (especially in mice) earelectrodes are used for this purpose.

Key Features� For testing anticonvulsant drugs

� For mice and rats

� Two types of electrodes are available: for eyes or ears

� Foot switch operation

BH2 73-0105 Rodent ShockerSine-Wave Shock Generatorwith BH2 73-0108Eye Shock Electrodefor Mice and Rats

SpecificationsStimulation Frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz according to supply frequency

Stimulus Duration 0.1 sec to 9.9 sec in steps of 0.1 sec, selected afterpressing a button, the selected time is indicated

Stimulus Energy Up to 75 W

Output Constant current, fully floating

Output CurrentStandard Version

0 to 300 mA, 0 to 150 mA, 0 to 100 mA dependingon maximum stimulation voltage selected, thesetting is made on a 10-turn potentiometer andthe selected value is shown on the digital display

Output Current LCVersion

0 to 30mA and 0 to 20mA depending onselected voltage

Limitation of MaximumStimulation Voltage

250 V, 500 V, 750 V in 3 steps, selected by button

Digital Display The selected stimulation current is indicatedcontinuously in mA, the actual current applied isshown during application and can be called up laterby pushing a button, the selected stimulation time isshown on pressing the TIME button, bargraphindicates the course of the stimulation time.

Supply 110 V, 60 Hz or 220 V, 50 Hz

Dimensions, H x W x D 150 x 260 x 360 mm (5.91 x 10.2 x 14.2 in)

Weight 5 kg (11 lb)

Order # ProductBH2 73-0105 Rodent Shocker Sine-Wave Shock Generator with Foot Switch,

115 VAC, 60 Hz

BH2 73-0106 Rodent Shocker Sine-Wave Shock Generator with Foot Switch,230 VAC, 50 Hz

BH2 73-3946 Rodent Shocker RS Type 221/LC Low Current Version,230 VAC, 50 Hz including foot switch, output power 75 VA,maximum current at 750V is 20 mA, at 500V and 250V 30mA,selectable in steps of 0.1 mA

BH2 73-3047 Rodent Shocker RS Type 221/LC Low Current Version,115 VAC, 50 Hz including foot switch, output power 75 VA,maximum current at 750V is 20 mA, at 500V and 250V 30mA,selectable in steps of 0.1 mA

BH2 73-0107 Ear Shock Electrodes for Mice and Rats, Pair

BH2 73-0108 Eye Shock Electrode for Mice and Rats


Sensory & Motor

Pain, in the sense of physical pain, is a typical sensoryexperience that may be described as the unpleasantawareness of a noxious stimulus or bodily harm. Forscientific and clinical purposes, pain is defined by theInternational Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as “anunpleasant sensory and emotional experience associatedwith actual or potential tissue damage, or described interms of such damage”. Pain is part of the body’s defensesystem, triggering a reflex reaction to retract from a painfulstimulus, and helps adjust behavior to increase avoidanceof that particular harmful situation in the future. Given itssignificance, physical pain is also linked to various cultural,religious, philosophical, or social issues.

The word “pain” does not equate with nociception, whichis a preconscious neural activity that is normallynecessary, but not sufficient, for pain. The termnociception was coined by Charles Scott Sherrington tomake clear the difference between the physiologicalnature of nervous activity signaling tissue damage andthe psychological response of pain to this physiologicalevent. In animal models, we have to speak of“nociceptive transmission” instead of “pain transmission”since pain per se cannot be communicated.Nociception is the afferent activity produced in theperipheral and central nervous system by stimuli thathave the potential to damage tissue. This activity isinitiated by nociceptors that can detect mechanical,thermal or chemical changes, above a certainthreshold. All nociceptors are free nerve endings of fast-conducting myelinated A delta fibers or slow conductingunmyelinated C fibers, respectively responsible for fast,localized, sharp pain and slow, poorly localized, dullpain. Once stimulated, the nociceptors transmit signalsthat travel along the spinal cord and within the brain.Brain areas that are particularly studied in relation withpain include the somatosensory cortex which mostlyaccounts for the sensory discriminative dimension ofpain, and the limbic system, of which the thalamus andthe anterior cingulated cortex are said to be especiallyinvolved in the affective dimension. Nociception, evenin the absence of pain, may trigger withdrawal reflexesand a variety of autonomic responses. The control ofnociceptive transmission is complex and involvesnumerous peripheral and central mechanisms.

In this pathological manifestation, pain is a majorsymptom in many medical conditions, significantlyinterfering with a person’s quality of life and generalfunctioning. Diagnosis is based on characterizing pain invarious ways, according to duration, intensity, type (dull,burning or stabbing), source, or location in body.

Among the most frequent technical terms for referring toabnormal perturbations in pain experiences, there are:allodynia (pain due to a stimulus which does not normallyprovoke pain) hyperalgesia (an increase response to astimulus which is normally painful) and hypoalgesia(diminished pain in response to a normally painfulstimulus). As an example, allodynia is a clinical feature ofmany painful conditions, such as neuropathies, post-therapeutic neuralgia, fibromyalgia, and migraine.

Usually pain stops without treatment or responds tosimple measures such as resting or taking an analgesic,and it is then called “acute” pain. However, it maybecome intractable and develop into a condition calledchronic pain, in which pain is no longer considered asymptom but an illness by itself.

AnalgesiaGuide

31

Analgesia Guide

32

Behavioral TestTail Flick Test

The Tail Flick Test, also known as the D’Armourand Smith Test, is a nociceptive assay based onthe measured latency to avoid thermal stimulusin rodents. A thermal stimulus is applied on thetail; when the animal feels discomfort, itretracts by a sudden tail’s movement or flick.The tail flick time is then measured and used asan index of animal pain sensitivity.


� Thermal pain sensitivity (analgesia and hyperalgesia)� Objective measurement: automated detection of

animal reaction time� Widely used in literature� Sensitive for both mice and rats� Allows multiple measurements in the same animal


� Mainly spinal response� Animal habituation critical for obtaining reliable data� Restrainer recommended for inexperienced users


� Analgesic Drug Screening� Basal Pain Sensitivity Phenotyping

Behavioral TestHot Plate Test

The Hot-Plate Test evaluates thermal painreflexes due to footpad contact with a heatedsurface. During the experiments, the animal isin a removable clear acrylic cylinder where thelatency time to the first hind paw and/orjumping responses are measured.


� Thermal pain sensitivity (analgesia and hyperalgesia)� Evaluates responses with both spinal (licking) or

surpraspinal components (jumping)� Widely used in literature� No need for a restrainer� Sensitive for both mice rats


� Subjective movement; visual detection of animalreaction time

� Allows only one evaluation per animal whenjumping is measured


� Analgesic Drug Screening� Basal Pain Sensitivity Phenotyping


Analgesia Guide

33

Behavioral TestRandall-Selitto Test

The Randall-Selitto Test involves the applicationof a uniformly increasing pressure on the paw toassess the threshold response to pain. Theintensity of pressure causing an escape reactionwas defined as the withdrawal threshold.


� Mechanical pain sensitivity(analgesia and hyperalgesia)

� Left and right paw discrimination� Allows multiple measurements on the same animal


� Mainly spinal response� Animal habituation is critical for obtaining

reliable data� Subjective measurement: visual detection of animal

reaction time� Widely used in rat (paw application), needs more

expertise for mice (tail or paw application)


� Drug Screening� Phenotyping� Neuropathy� Inflammation� Post-Operative Pain

Behavioral TestVon Frey Test

This test is used to assess the threshold fortouch evoked sensations. Von Frey Testconsists in sequentially applying filaments ofdifferent diameters until the hair that createsthe noxious sensation (reflecting by a pawwithdrawal effect) is found.


� Mechanical sensitivity to non-painful stimulus(allodynia)

� Left and right paw discrimination� Allows multiple measurements in the same animal� Sensitivity for both mice and rats


� Mainly spinal response� Animal habituation in critical for obtaining

reliable data� Subjective measurements; visual detection of animal

reaction test


� Phenotyping� Neuropathy� Inflammation� Post-operative pain� Phantom pain


Analgesia Guide

34

Behavioral TestIncapacitance Test

In the Incapacitance Test, the animal is in aholder specially designed so the animal iscomfortably positioned on two separate sensorplates. The Incapacitance device enables thequantification of spontaneous postural changesreflecting spontaneous pain. The testindependently measures the weight an animalapplies to each hind paw with two separatesensors. Normal rodents distribute weightequally on both paws, change of thisequilibrium can reflect the level of discomfortdue to an injury.


� Spontaneous pain� Left and right paw discrimination� Allows multiple measurements on the same animal


� Animal habituation is critical for obtainingreliable data

� Animals need to be restrained� Positioning of mice for testing is difficult


� Neuropathy� Inflammation� Post-Operative Pain

Behavioral TestPlethysmometer Test

This test is typically used to follow theevolution of the inflammatory processes. Thistest allows evaluating paw volume, which istypically increased during inflammation.Therefore, this test is used to screen anti-inflammatory potential or anti-edemaproperties of pharmacological substances.


� Rodent paw volume evaluation� Left and right paw discrimination� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Anti-Inflammatory Drug Screening� Anti-Edema Drug Screening� Inflammation� Post-Operative Plan

Behavioral TestThermal Place Preference Test

The thermal place preference paradigm allowsworking on unrestrained animals that are able tochoose between two compartments withdifferent temperatures. This test is user-independent since there is no handling duringthe experiment. This point alone makes this testmore attractive compared to traditional hot/coldplate tests. Time spent in the two compartments,crossing time and the temperature in each zoneare provided in an automated manner, allowingreliable determination of the animal’s thermalpain threshold.


� New test for thermal pain sensitivity� Operator independent testing as animals are

freely moving


� Drug Screening� Phenotyping


35Panlab | Harvard Apparatus • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.comHarvard Apparatus • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com

35

Tail Flick Meter for Evaluating Thermal Analgesia

CitationsGulati et al. (2009) Determination of Adrenergic and Imidazoline Receptor Involvement inAugmentation of Morphine and Oxycodone Analgesia by Clonidine and BMS182874.Pharmacology. 83:45-58. (rat, USA)Puente B et al. (2009) Sigma-1 receptors regulate activity-induced spinal sensitization andneuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Pain. (Mouse, Spain). In pressPark I et al (2008) Buprederm™, a New Transdermal Delivery System of Buprenorphine:Pharmacokinetic, Efficacy and Skin Irritancy Studies. Pharm. Res. 25(5):1052-1062 (mouse, Korea)Shamsi Meymandi M et al (2007) Intraventricular gabapentin is antinociceptive and enhancessystemic morphine antinociception in rat tail flick test. DARU. 15(4):212-217 (rat, Iran)Parker AG et al. (2007) Antinociceptive effects of the aqueous extract of Brugmansiasuaveolens flowers in mice. Biol. Res. For Nursing. 8(3): 234-239. (Mouse, Brazil)

Key Features� Optimal detection due to perfect alignment of heat stimulusand photo beam trigger

� Photo beams with adjustable sensitivity

� A light beam shows the point on which the heat source will focus

� Manual and remote timer and trigger

� Groove for correct tail placement

� Automatic cut-off

� Computer interface, SeDaCom

Parameters Measured� Time latency response to thermal stimulus

Components Included� Control Unit with RS-232 port to PC

� Stimulation unit

� Mouse tail adapter

� Holder for rat or mouse - must specify at time of order

� Footswitch



� Calibration certificate



� 2 year warranty

Options� LE7000 Thermal printer

� LE7106T Tail-Temperature recorder

Tail Flick Meter This test has proved particularly sensitive for studying the analgesicproperties of pharmacological substances. It can also be used toevaluate basal thermal pain sensitivity or to study putative geneticdifferences among control animals.

The LE7106 Tail-flick Meter consists of a stimulation unit (containingthe halogen lamp for the heat stimulus) and an electronic control unit.The system can be used for rats and mice of different sizes. The animalis placed in a restrainer with its tail protruding on the platform of thestimulus unit. The animal’s tail is positioned on a slot of adjustablewidth equipped with a groove that guarantees a correct placement. Aremote foot-switch controls the test start/stop allowing rapid hands-free experiments.

A photo beam with adjustable sensitivity detects the tail flick and thelatency is automatically presented on a digital display on the controlunit. Measurements of reaction time are given with a 0.1 precision. Acut-off time can be set to avoid tissue damage (by default: 20 s). Thegroove system for the tail and the adjustment of response sensitivityensure optimum repeatability and reliability of results.

SeDacom software supplied with the unit can be used to automaticallyrecord the results on a PC through a RS-232 port.

Tail Flick MeterThis system features radiant heat applied on the animal’s tail; when theanimal feels discomfort, it reacts by a sudden tail’s movement (tailflick) which automatically stops the stimulation and the timer for themeasurement of the animal reaction time (period from the beginning ofthe stimulation until detection of the animal’s response).

SpecificationsControl Unit Dimensions 350 (W) x 350 (D) x 130 (H)

Stimulation UnitDimensions

400 (W) x 140 (D) x 155 (H)

Power Supply 110 V/220 V, 50/60Hz

Material Composition Methacrylate, halogen lamp

Computer Requirements PC (Windows® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP and Vista 32)




Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0293 LE7106 Tail Flick Analgesia Meter Including Restrainer,

Footswitch and SeDaCom Software

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0114 LE7000 Thermal Printer

BH2 76-0294 LE7106T Tail-Temperature Recorder

Analgesia


Tail Flick Analgesia MeterThis meter measures a rat’s reaction time to radiant energy, from a 150watt light source. The beam is focused on its tail using a parabolicreflector. The energy of the light source can be adjusted and thedisplay indicates, as a percentage, how much energy is being utilized.

An optical sensor is located underneath the focused light source. Therat should be positioned such that its tail obscures the focused lightsource from the sensor. When the system is started, either using thesupplied footswitch or front panel mounted start key the light sourceilluminates and a timer starts counting in tenths of a second. When therat’s tail flicks, indicating its pain threshold, it uncovers the sensor. Thistail movement turns off the timer and light source. Reaction time can beread directly from the display in seconds and tenths of a second.

A standard parallel port permits connection to a printer to record thetrial number, energy level and reaction time. A calibration facility allowsthe light source to be set to the desired level before commencing withthe experiment.

Mouse version is also available, please contact Harvard ApparatusTechnical Support for details.

BH2 52-9487Tail FlickAnalgesia Meter

Tail Flick Meter

SpecificationsLamp Intensity 150 W, adjustable between 0 and 100%

in 1% increments

Timer Range 0 to 99 min 59.9 secs in 0.1 sec steps

Printer Interface Centronix parallel

Lamp Heat Control Digital DC regulated

Dimensions, H x W x D 260 x 450 x 260 mm (10 x 18 x 10 in)

Weight 9 kg (19.8 lbs)

Order # ProductBH2 52-9487 Tail Flick Analgesia Meter, 115 VAC, 60 Hz

BH2 52-9495 Tail Flick Analgesia Meter, 240 VAC, 50 Hz

Key Features� For rapid screening of analgesic drugs using rats(as described by D’Amour and Smith)


Analgesia


37

Analgesia

Hot Plate Analgesia MeterThe Harvard Apparatus UK Hot Plate Analgesia Meter is asophisticated temperature control and timing system, and has beendesigned to perform rapid and precise screening of the narcotic typeanalgesic drugs (Morphine, Codeine, etc.) according to the Eddy andLeimback hot plate test. This method evaluates the reaction time ofmice when a heat stimulus is applied to the plantar surface. Thisreaction time increases when a central analgesic is administered to theanimal. This system can be used with both mice and rats.

Utilizing a simple user interface the user can quickly and easily set upthe required hot plate temperature and a large easy to read LED displayshows the current temperature.

The timer requires a single press of the Start / Stop Key to start andanother press to stop, with reset automatically executed when timing isinitiated. This function is also duplicated by a remote Start/Stopfootswitch (supplied). The reaction time is again clearly displayed on alarge LED display.

Using digital electronics, the hot plate temperature is constantlymonitored and regulated to ensure the actual temperature and thedesired temperature accurately match. The system also monitors theheating characteristics of the system and uses this data to minimizeheating overshoot, providing faster temperature stabilization.

Order # ProductBH2 52-8570 Hot Plate Analgesia Meter 110 to 115 VAC, 60 Hz

BH2 52-8588 Hot Plate Analgesia Meter 220 to 230 VAC, 50 Hz

Key Features� Digital display of plate temperature

� Digital timer with remote start stop

� Accurate temperature control from 35°C to 65°C (±0.3°C)

SpecificationsTemperature Range 35° to 65°C

Temperature Stability ±0.3°C

Temperature Control Digital proportional PWM

Timer Digital readout in 0.1 sec increments

Timer Range 0 to 9 mins 59 secs 9 tenths of a sec

Remote Momentary make to start/stop

Remote Socket 6.35 mm 2 pole jack

Animal Container Two furnished, large round cylinders

Mains Supply Voltage 115 VAC/230 VAC, 50/60 Hz (factory set)

Dimensions, H x W x D 128 x 275 x 293 mm (5 x 10.8 x 11.5 in)

Weight 4.5 kg (9.9 lb)

Hot Plate Analgesia Meter

BH2 52-8570Hot Plate AnalgesiaMeter withFootswitch


38

AnalgesiaHot-Plate for Evaluating Thermal Analgesia

Key Features� Digital set point

� Built-in electronic timer

� Foot switch timing operation

� Computer interface

Parameters Measured� Time latency to 'paw licking'

� Time latency to 'jumping'

Components Included� Base with heating plate

� Footswitch

� Data transfer software included (SeDaCom)





� 2 year warranty


Hot Plate Hot PlateThe LE7406 Hot-Plate performs rapid and precise screening ofanalgesic drug properties on small-laboratory animals according to the‘hot-plate test’. The animal’s pain sensitivity alterations induced by aspecific experimental context change and/or genetic manipulationscan also be evaluated through this method.

The hot-plate test, initially described by N.B. Eddy and D. Leimbach(1953), evaluates thermal pain reflexes due to footpad contact with aheated surface. During the experiments, the animal is confined in aremovable clear acrylic cylinder where the latency time to the firsthind paw or/and jumping responses are measured.

In the LE7406 Hot-Plate, a thick aluminum plate (10 mm) provides a hightemperature stability and even surface distribution. The platetemperature can be held at a set point between 45 and 62°C (± 0.1°C) bymultiple proportional feedback circuits that minimize overshoot. A built-in timer activated by an external foot switch allows precisemeasurement of reaction time (0.1 sec precision). A remote foot-switchcontrols the test start/stop allowing rapid hands-free experiments. Theoperator can read the animal reaction time from the display or from a PCcomputer using the SeDaCom software. Trial number, plate temperatureand reaction time are then sent to the PC through a RS-232 port.

CitationsPuentes B et al. (2009) Sigma-1 receptors regulate activity-induced spinal sensitization andneuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury. Pain. 145(3):294-303. (mouse, Spain)Viosca J et al. (2009) Germline expression of H-RasG12V causes neurological deficits associated toCostello syndrome. Genes, Brain Behav. 8(1):60-71. (mouse, Spain)Luvisetto S et al. (2008) Enhancement of anxiety, facilitation of avoidance behavior, and occurrence of adult-onset obesity in mice lacking mitochondrial cyclophilin D. Neuroscience. 155(3):585-596 (mouse, USA)Sudo RT et al. (2008) The Antinociceptive Activity of a New alpha-2 Adrenoceptor Agonist(PT-31) in Mice. Anesthesiology 2007; 107: A1455. (Mouse, Brazil)Camarasa J et al. (2006) Association of caffeine to MDMA does not increase antinociception bypotentiates adverse effects of this recreational drug. Brain Res. 1111:72-82. (mice, Spain)Grillet N et al. (2005) Generation and characterization of Rgs4 mutant mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25(10):4221-4228. (mice, France)

SpecificationsBase Dimensions 200 (W) x 300 (D) x 110 (H) mm

Plate Dimensions 200 (D) mm

Cylinder Dimensions 200 (D) x 250 (H) mm

Operating Temperature 45 to 62 degrees Celsius; 0.1 steps

Reaction Time 3 digits, 0.01 sec increment

Material Composition Clear methacrylate (animal holder), aluminum (plate)

Computer Requirements PC (Windows® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000 and Vista)


1 per computer(multiple set-ups also available under request)

Power Requirements 110V or 220V, 50/60Hz


Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0113 LE 7406 Hot-Plate Thermal Analgesia Meter Including

SeDaCom Software

OPTIONS



39

Hot/Cold PlatePanlab/Harvard Apparatus Hot/Cold Plate Analgesia Meter is based ona metal plate which can be heated to 65°C and cooled to -3°C (with anambient temperature between 20°C and 25°C). An electronicthermostat maintains the plate's temperature and a front panel digitalthermometer displays the current plate temperature.

The animal’s pain sensitivity resulting from exposure to heat or cold istested by placing the animal on the surface of the plate and starting abuilt-in timer. The operator stops the timer at the instant the animal liftsits paw from the plate, reacting to the discomfort. The front panel timerthen displays the number of seconds the animal took to react. Animalreaction time is a measurement of animal resistance to pain and isused to measure efficacy of analgesics.

The plate is designed to be very simple to use and very fast to reachthe set temperature (as example from ambient to 4°C, the most usedthreshold value, it takes less than 10 minutes, and from 4°C to 65°C ittakes only 5 minutes). The Hot/Cold Plate, is accurate to less than 0.5°C(EEC metrology standard) and perfectly constant in the animal holdersystem. The preset temperature will not change for more than 0.1°Cwhen a 400g rat is placed on the plate, and return to the settemperature is almost immediate.

In addition, the instrument can be adjusted to be used for“TEMPERATURE RAMPS”. Predefined by the user, this feature ismainly used for studies with telemetry implants. In addition todisplaying the reaction time, the Cold/Hot Plate Analgesia Meter iscapable of sending the same via USB interface to a computer.

The operator can start and stop the timer with the front panelstart/stop switch or with the included footswitch, which allows“hands-free” operation.

Key Features� Unmatched temperature stability and control for both hotand cold

� Fast acclimation to set temperatures

� Homogeneous temperature surface distribution

� BSRamp software will allow the user to define temperatureramps (slope in °C/min, start and end points) and store results

Parameters Measured� Animal reaction time to hot or cold stimulus

Components Included� Stimulation Unit LE7420

� Footswitch

� USB cable

� BSRamp software


� One year warranty

Hot/Cold Plate Anagelsia Meter

Hot/Cold Plate for Testing Animal Sensitivity

CitationsNoel J et al. (2009) The mechano-activated K+ channels TRAAK and TREK-1 control both warm andcold perception. EMBO J. 28(9):1308-1318. (mouse, France)Yalcin I et al. (2009) Differentiating Thermal Allodynia and Hyperalgesia Using Dynamic Hot and ColdPlate in Rodents. The Journal of pain. 10(7):767-773. (mouse, rat, France)

SpecificationsTemperature Range -3°C to 65°C

(in 20°C to 25°C ambient environment, 50% RH)

Temperature Accuracy ±0.5°C

Temperature Uniformity ±0.5°C on Plate

Power Requirements 110 V/220 V automatic, 100W

Dimensions:

Plate 165 x 165 mm

Control Unit 305 x 280 x 158 mm

Weight 6.5 kg

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0112 LE7420 Hot/Cold Plate Including BSRamp Software

Analgesia


AnalgesiaNEW Thermal Place Preference

Key Features� Easily monitor thermal place preference and nociceptivethresholds

� Unrestrained animals allows for maximum accuracy

� Optional Automatic Detection Software eliminates the usersubjectivity by establishing an automatic response

Parameters Measured� Time spent in each zone

� Time of zone trespassing

� Temperature of each zone

Options� Automatic detection software – which includes tripod, 3 USBcables and USB Camera

Thermal Place Preference Thermal Place PreferenceThis behavioral assay will allow monitoring of temperaturepreferences, nociceptive thresholds and investigate the role of a givengene or compound on these thresholds.

As advised by A. Moqrich and published in Moqrich et al (Science2005, 307: 1468-72), this test allows researchers to work onunrestrained animals whom are free to choose their preferred positionbetween two compartments at different temperatures.

Completely investigator-independent, the Two Temperature Choice Testprovides a response without any action from the user and the obtainedvalue is a threshold temperature of range of temperatures.

Using automatic detection software (optional), the user sets thetemperature of each zone, defines a protocol of temperature changesor ramps, and starts the measurement process. Two animals can beobserved simultaneously and independently, making the systemremarkable efficient. The animals are video tracked and the softwarerecords their position vs. temperature and time.

When the optional automatic detection software is not used,temperatures must be defined manually and the user must measurethe time and animal position.

SpecificationsTemperature Range -3°C to +65°C (room temperature 20 to 25°C)

Temperature Accuracy ± 0.3°C

Power Supply 150 Watts, 120/240 VAC

Dimensions (L x W x H) 32 x 57 x 45.5 cm (12.6 x 22.4 x 17.9 in) including cage

Weight 14 kg (30.9 lbs)

Animal Cage 330 x 165 x 300 mm (13 x 6.5 x 11.8 in)

Animal Cage Material Clear plexiglass

Computer Requirements Windows® XP/Vista/Seven (coming soon)PC with 1 GO ram and 3 USB ports

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0475 T2CT Thermal Place Preference

BH2 76-0476 T2CTSW Thermal Place Preference Software


41

NEW Thermal Gradient Test

Key Features� Continuous thermal gradient established over a 125 cm longbase plate

� Monitor independently and simultaneously 2 mice/1 rat or4 mice/2 rats with our two different models!

Parameters Measured� Up to 20 temperature zones measured per animal

� Time spent in each temperatures zone

� Temperature of zone over time period

� Overall distance travelled

Components Included� Two thermal units

� Controllers

� Cage

� Base plate

Thermal Gradient Test Independent Thermal Test DemonstratesPlace Preference and TemperatureComfort Thresholds for Rodents!As described by Moqrich et al. 2005, our Thermal Gradient Testmonitors thermal nociception completely independently on freelymoving rodents. A continuous temperature gradient (15 to 55°C) isestablished over a 125 cm long base plate on which the animal is freeto walk. After an exploration period of acclimation, the animal clearlyshows a distinct zone preference.

Our model is an automated system with maintains the temperaturegradient stable over the surface and over time.

Two models are available testing either 2 mice/1 rat or 4 mice/2 rats.

The accompanying software, coupled to a video camera, displays foreach animal the time spent in each temperature zone, together withoverall distance travelled. The encrypted data and video images arerecorded synchronously in real time during the experiments and theuser is able to replay the files to analyze or review.

SpecificationsOverall Dimensions (L x W x H):

2 mice/1 rat 139 x 30 x 40 cm (54.7 x 11.8 x 15.6 in)


Overall Weight:

2 mice/1 rat 25 kg (33.1 lbs)

4 mice/2 rat 45 kg (44.1 lbs)

Power Supply 110/220 Volts

Number of Lanes 2 mice/1 rat Mouse4 mice/2 rat Rat

Lane Dimensions:



Temperature Range 15 to 55° C at plate surface20 to 25°, 50% RH at environment

Temperature Stability 1°C surface, over time

System Material:

Base Plate Aluminum Alloy

Walls Gray PPC

Top Cover Transparent PPC

Computer Requirements PC 2Go Ram, Windows® XP/Vista/Seven(coming soon) with 3 USB ports, webcam andmini-USB cables included with system

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0477 TGT2 Thermal Gradient Test, 2 Mice / 1 Rat

BH2 76-0478 TGT4 Thermal Gradient Test, 4 Mice / 2 Rat

Analgesia


AnalgesiaNEW Electronic Von Frey for Evaluating Mechanical Allodynia

Key Features� Provides objective and accurate data

� The threshold value can be obtained in only one test, and ina highly reproducible manner

� Elimination of the problems of filament standardization

� Stimulation of areas of equal size

� The end-point value is automatically recorded

Parameters Measured� Current force applied on the animal paw (grams)

� Peak force eliciting an animal response

Components Included� Electronic Von Frey unit

� 10 disposable plastic tips

� 1 spring tip for thresholds between 0 and 10 grams

� Footswitch to reset the display to zero

� Carrying case for transport

Options� RSIC software

� National Standard Linked Calibration Certificate

� EMC conformity agreement

NEW & Unique - Electronic Von Frey!• Internal statistical computations allows direct reading of average

value, standard deviation and variability in subject groups and upto 100 animals

The electronic model of Von Frey filament combines ease of use and rapidityfor the determination of the mechanical sensitivity threshold in rodents.

The Von Frey filament is applied against the central edge of the animalhind paw. Paw withdrawal caused by the stimulation is registered as aresponse. The corresponding force applied is recorded by the systemand displayed on the large backlighted screen of the Von Frey unit witha resolution of 0.1 grams.

Different from the procedure using classical Von Frey filaments, thethreshold value can be obtained in only one test, and in a highlyreproducible manner. A foot switch is provided to reset the screen andcarry out rapid hands-free experiments. RSIC software can be used toautomatically record the results on a PC through a RS-232 port.

The electronic Von Frey can be supplied with a National Standard Linkedcalibration certificate (ISO 9000), and an EMC conformity agreement.

SpecificationsMeasurement Range 0 to 500 g (5N), 120% overload allowed without

causing any damage to the sensor

Precision:

Resolution 0.1 g

Accuracy 0.2 g

Temperature Compensation from 0 to 50°C

Statistical Functions Average value and standard deviation arecomputed for all the data stored

Internal Memory up to 100 values

Power Supply 110-220 V (other voltages on request)

Weight 6.5 kg

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0487 BSBIOEVF3 Electronic Von Frey Complete with

Accessories & Suitcase 110 or 220 VAC

BH2 76-0488 BSBIOEVFD Hard plastic tips, 10 units

BH2 76-0489 BSBIOEVFRS Elastic (spring) tips, 1 unit

BH2 76-0484 BSBIORSIC Data Acquisition RSIC Software Windows® XP(dongle & CD)

CitationsCasals-Diaz L et al. (2009) Nociceptive responses and spinal plastic changes of afferent C-fibers in threeneuropathic pain models induced by sciatic nerve injury in the rat. Exp. Neurol. 217(1):84-95. (rat, Spain)Duale C et al. (2008) Cutaneous Amitriptyline in Human Volunteers: Differential Effects on theComponents of Sensory Information. Anesthesiology. 108(4):714-721 (Human, France)Laalou FZ et al (2008) Involvement of the Basal Cholinergic Forebrain in the Mediation of General(Propofol) AnesthesiaAnesthesiology. 108(5):888-896 (Rat, France)Lefaucheur JP et al (2008) Motor cortex rTMS in chronic neuropathic pain: pain relief is associated withthermal sensory perception improvement. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 79(9):1044-9 (Human, France)Thibault K et al. (2008) Antinociceptive and anti-allodynic effects of oral PL37, a complete inhibitor ofenkephalin-catabolizing enzymes, in a rat model of peripheral neuropathic pain induced by vincristine.Eur. J. Pharmacol. 600(1-3):71-77. (rat, France)Vivo M et al (2008) Immediate electrical stimulation enhances regeneration and reinnervation and modulatesspinal plastic changes after sciatic nerve injury and repair. Exp. Neurol. 211(1):180-193 (Rat, Spain)


43

Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer

Heat-Flux Infrared RadiometerThe Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer has been designed to calibrate I.R.sources, in particular the classic Plantar Test, to make sure theydeliver the same power flux and hence a nociceptive stimulus of thesame intensity.

This Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer is a battery operated, self sufficientinstrument complete with infrared probe, digital meter and adaptors forthe Plantar Test. The Infrared Radiometer enables the experimenter to:

i) Check (and adjust if necessary) the infrared emission. In fact,the infrared output of the Plantar Test may in the course of oneto two years undergo to 2-3% reduction, due to dust gathered onthe optics, blackening of the infrared bulb, accidental knocks,aging of components due to thermal cycles, etc. Moreover, incase the bulb is replaced or the electronics serviced, outputalteration of more significant magnitude, say, 8-10%, maytake place.

ii) Make sure that two or more Plantar-Test units deliver thermalnociceptive stimuli of exactly the same intensity. Balance them,if necessary.

iii) Know the infrared energy (1 mW for the duration of 1seccorresponds to 1 mJ) in absolute terms, a useful informationto compare with any equal or different method/instrumentdescribed in the literature.

The measuring only requires a few seconds. The I.R. probe ispositioned on the Plantar Test after the suitable adaptor is fitted on thethreaded head of its heat-sink. The reading on the digital display givesthe I.R. power output in mW per square centimeter. The calibration, ifnecessary, of the I.R. radiation source, is carried out by adjusting thesupply current of the I.R. bulb, see the instruction manuals of thePlantar Test.

The Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer Complete Package includes:

Digital Heat-Flux Meter (complete with cable/connector & 9Vbattery), Plantar Test adaptor and I.R. Probe neatly lodged in asturdy plastic case with punched foam lining.

Key Features� Takes only seconds to use

� Digital Display

� Calibrates the infrared emission of Plantar Test to ensureuniform power flux delivery for all trials

Parameters Measured� Stimulus intensity in mW/cm2

SpecificationsDimensions, H x W x D 11 x 37 x 32 cm (4.3 x 14.6 x 12.6 in)

Weight 2.00 kg (4.4 lbs)

Shipping Weight 3.20 kg (7.1 lbs)

Order # Model ProductBH2 72-6703 37300 Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer,

Standard Package

Analgesia


AnalgesiaPlantar Test (Hargreaves’ Method)

Plantar TestThe Plantar Test (Hargreaves’ Method) enables the researcher todiscern a peripherally mediated response to thermal stimulationcaused by drugs in the unrestrained rat or mouse.

The animal is placed into one of the compartments. After anacclimation period, the infrared source is placed under the glass floorand is positioned by the operator directly beneath the hind paw. A trialis commenced by depressing a key which turns on the infrared sourceand starts a digital solid state timer.

When the animal feels the stimulus, it will withdraw its paw. Thewithdrawal of the paw causes a sudden drop in the reflected radiationwhich switches off the infrared source and stops the reaction time

counter. The withdrawal latency is calculated to the nearest 0.1second. The 3-compartment enclosure has been provided to speed upthe test when a number of animals are involved. In each compartmentthe animal is unrestrained.

The Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer 37300 has been designed tocalibrate infrared sources, in particular the Plantar Test.

Calibration RadiometerEach plantar test is accurately calibrated via an infrared radiometer tomake sure that its infrared source delivers the same power flux(expressed in mW per square cm) and hence a nociceptive stimulus ofthe same intensity.

The end user should consider the Heat-Flow Infrared RadiometerModel an extremely useful accessory. This Infrared Radiometer is abattery operated, self sufficient instrument complete with infraredprobe, digital meter and adaptors for the Plantar Test. All parts areneatly lodged in a sturdy plastic case with punched foam lining.

This Radiometer Enables the Experimenter to:

i) Make sure that two or more Plantar-Test units deliver thermalnociceptive stimuli of exactly the same intensity.

ii) Know the I.R. energy (1 mW for the duration of 1s corresponds to1 mJ) in absolute terms, a useful datum to compare with anyequal or different method/instrument described in the literature.

Data AcquisitionThe Plantar Test controller stores experimental data internally and candirectly export data to PC USB or serial ports. A memory key isincluded for easy transfer and files can be opened in Excel.

Communications are managed by included data acquisition software orby optional BH2 72-6671 Win-DAS.

Key Features� For measurement of hyperalgesia to thermal stimulation inunrestrained animals

� Automatic objective detection of latency to withdrawal

� Validity unaffected by repeated testing

� Greater bioassay sensitivity than other thermal ormechanical tests

� Each animal can serve as its own control

� Dedicated software and memory key included!

Components Included� Movable infrared source

� Glass pane onto which the animal enclosure is located

� Controller

� Multiple configuration animal enclosure can be optimizedfor mice or rats of any size


45

Plantar Test (Hargreaves’ Method) (continued)

CITATIONSMethods Paper:M.J Field et al. (1999) Detection of Static and Dynamic Components of Mechanical Allodynia in RatModels of Neuropathic Pain; Are they Signalled by Distinct Primary Sensory Neurosnes? Pain 83: 303-311Lembeck, Fred (1999) Epibatine: High Potency and Broad Spectrum Activity on Neuonal andNeuromuscular Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch. Pharmacol. 359:378-385Hartmut Buerkle et al. (1999) Experimental Arthritis I nteh Rat Does Not Alter the AnalgesicPotency of Intrathecal or Intraarticular Morphine. Anesth. Analg. 89:403-408K.M. Hargreaves, R. Dubner, F. Brown, C. Flores and J. Joris: “A New and Sensitive Method forMeasuring Thermal Nociception in Cutaneous Hyperalgesia.” Pain 32: 77-88, 1988.Additional Papers:K.M. Hargreaves, R. Dubner and J. Joris: “Peripheral Action of Opiates in the Blockade ofCarrageenan-Induced Inflammation” Pain Research and Clinical Management. Vol. 3. Elsevier SciencePublishers, Amsterdam: 55-60, 1988G. Benneth and Y.K. Xie: “A Peripheral Neuropathy in Rat that Produces Disorders of PainSensation Like Those Seen in Man” Pain 33: 87-107, 1988.M. Iadarola and G. Draisci: “Elevation of Spinal Cord Dynorphin mRNA Compared to Dorsal RootGanglion Peptide mRNAs During Peripheral Inflammation” In: The Arthritic Rat as a Model of ClinicalPain? by J. Besson and G. Guilbaud (eds.) Elsevier Press, Amsterdam: 173-183, 1988.A. Costello and K.M. Hargreaves: “Suppression of Carrageenan-Induced Hyperalgesia. Edema andHyperthermia by a Bradykinin Antagonist” European J. Pharmacol., 1989.K.M. Hargreaves, R. Dubner and A. Costello: “Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) has aPeripheral Site of Action for Antinociception” European J. Pharmacol., 1989.J. Hylden, R. Nahin, R. Traub and R. Dubner: “Expansion of Receptive Fields of Spinal Lamina IProtection Neurons in Rats with Unilateral Adjuvant-Induced Inflamma-tion: The Contribution ofCentral Dorsal Horn Mechanisms” Pain 37: 229-244, 1989.

SpecificationsStarting Via keys on the I.R. vessel or controller

Infrared Intensity Adjustable in the interval 10 to 99 (in one digit steps)

Reaction Time Three-digit LED display, 0.1 second steps

Infrared Bulb Halogen “Bellaphot”

Calibration Via appropriate I.R. radiometer

Connection to PC USB

Power Requirement 115/230 V, 50/60 Hz, 60 VA maximum

Operating Temperature 15° to 30°C

Dimensions (assembled) 85 x 40 x 35 cm (33.5 x 15.7 x 13.8 in)

Weight 13.00 kg (28.7 lb)

Shipping Weight 27.50 kg (60.6 lb) approximately

Order # Model ProductBH2 72-6692 37370 Plantar Test, Rats and Mice

ACCESSORIES

BH2 72-6703 37300 Heat-Flux Infrared Radiometer

REPLACEMENT PARTS

BH2 72-6695 37370-003 Platform with Supporting Columns

BH2 72-6696 7370-005 Framed Glass Pane

BH2 72-6698 E-HR002 Spare Bulb

BH2 72-7957 37000-006 Multiple Configuration Animal Enclosure

Analgesia


AnalgesiaDynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer

Dynamic Plantar AesthesiometerThe Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer consists of a movable force-actuator below a network platform upon which the operator depositsthe rodent. A Perspex enclosure renders the animal unrestrained forthe duration of the experiment.

The operator places the actuator beneath the paw (proper placementensured via an angled mirror) and the actuator confers a use-definedforce on a Von Frey-type filament. The filament exerts an increasingforce to the plantar surface, starting below the threshold of detectionand increasing until the animal removes its paw. At the retractionreflex movement when the paw is withdrawn, the instrument registersand displays the actual force at which paw withdrawal occurred.

The Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer is a new instrument for theassessment of “touch sensitivity” on the plantar surface of the rodents.Somesthetic (mechanical) stimulation has a long history of effectiveclinical use to diagnose pathologies of hyper- or hypo- analgesia, broughtabout by drugs, neural pathology or experimental lesions, etc., in modelsystems and experimental systems using laboratory animals.

The electronic unit is enclosed into a cylindrical case of original design,with graphic LCD display, USB port and four membrane switches forsetting experimental parameters. The unit also has an internal memory fordata storage, scrolling screen review, and optional output to PC.

The rat, mouse or other small rodent moves about freely in one of thecompartments of the enclosure, positioned on the metal mesh surface.

Following acclimation after cessation of exploratory behavior, the operatorplaces the touch-stimulator unit under the animal’s paw, using the adjustableangled-mirror to position the filament below the target area of the paw. ASTART key is provided at both sides of the handle of the touch-stimulatorvessel, to help both left- and right-handed operators, as well as the controller

Pressing START invokes the following automatic sequence:

a. An electro-dynamic actuator of proprietary design lifts astraight metal filament

b. The filament touches the plantar surface and begins to exertan upward force below the threshold of feeling

c. The force increases (at your preset rate of application), until astop signal is attained. The stop signal is either the animalremoving the paw or the point at which greatest preset force is met.

The actuator filament (0.5 mm diameter) produces force over the entirerange of all typical anesthesiometer test devices. Paw withdrawal reflex isautomatically recorded using two metrics: the latency until withdrawal, inseconds, and the force at which paw was withdrawn, in grams.

Data AcquisitionThe Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer features direct PC output. Internally-stored data can be routed to the PC serial port or USB. Data output isachieved through the dedicated acquisition package or the optional Win-DAS Software. This Windows® based Data Acquisition Software Packagestores the data into individual files which make the date easily exportable tomost statistical analysis packages available on the market.

Each Aesthsiometer is supplied complete with the following components:Electronic Unit, Touch Stimulator, complete with Filament Actuator andAdjustable Angled-Mirror, Platform with Supporting Columns, Framed MetalMesh Testing Surface, modular Animal Enclosure, Set of Two 0.5 mm DiameterStainless-Steel Filaments and Two Calibration Weights (5 & 50 g), Mains Cord,Set of 2 fuses for either 230V or 115V operation, and Instruction Manual.

Key Features� Models for mice or rats

� For the assessment of animal sensitivity to the light touchof the paw

� Computer compatibility, direct connection to a PC

� Graphic display

� Software included!

� Memory key for easy data acquisition

Components Included� Movable touch-stimulator unit

� Framed metal mesh and base with columns

� Modular animal enclosure, offering 3 to 12 spaces

� Microprocessor controlled electronic unit

SpecificationsStarting Via keys on the touch-stimulator vessel

Force Range 0 to 50.0 grams or 0-5 grams in 0.5 g steps

Force Increasing Rate Adjustable in the interval 1 to 20 seconds, in 1 s steps

Filament Travel 12 mm

Latency Time Read-out on the graphic display, in 0.1s steps

Connection to PC Through USB. See DATA ACQUISITION

Power Requirements 115 V/230 V, 50/60 Hz, 20 W maximum

Dimensions:

Electronic Unit 12 x 26 x 13 cm (4.73 x 10.2 x 5.1 in) (H x W x D)

Assembled Platform 40 x 50 x 32 cm (15.75 x 19.7 x 12.6 in)

Total Weight 10.20 kg (22.5 lb)

Shipping Weight 18.50 kg (40.8 lb), approximately

Order # Model ProductBH2 72-6704 37450 Dynamic Plantar Aesthesiometer

ACCESSORIES

BH2 72-6712 37400-321 Set of Two 0.5 mm Diameter Stainless-SteelFilaments and Two Calibration Weights (5 & 50 G)


47

Rat Paw Pressure for Evaluating Mechanical Pain

Rat Paw Pressure Analgesia MeterThe Randall & Selitto test is based on determination of the animalthreshold response to pain induced in the paw by the application of aincreasing pressure.

In the LE7306 paw-pressure, a stimulation unit allows the gradual increase(at selectable rates) of the pressure applied on the animal paw. Thepressure increase is achieved by a step-motor inducing the progressiveadvancement of a sliding support with a distal conic tip (1 mm diameter).

The conic point is mounted on an extensiometric load cell, makingpossible the visualization on the digital display of the current force appliedat each moment of the test (grams). The motor and tip units are mountedon a pivoting stand preventing any excess pressure on the animal paw.

The control unit makes possible the adjustment of the forcetransducer, balance and reset, as well as the selection of the step-motor current speed.

A remote foot-switch controls the motor turn on/off allowing rapidhands-free experiments. An automatic system is activated once thedistal extreme of the sliding support track is reached or when thepedal is released at the test ending point. Then, the motor reverse itsrotation at its higher speed, sliding up the conic tip again.

SeDacom software supplied with the unit can be used to automaticallyrecord the results on a PC through a RS-232 port.

Rat Paw Pressure Analgesia Meter

Key Features� Digital display

� Pressure increasing rate adjustment


� Footswitch control

Parameters Measured� Pressure applied on the paw until the withdrawal or animalvocalizes (rats)

� Pressure applied on the tail until withdrawn (mice)

� Pressure applied on the paw until a flexor response of the toes(mice)

Components Included� Control unit with RS-232 communication port to PC


� Pedal switch

� Flat and pointed tip points





� 2 year warranty


SpecificationsPower Supply 110 V/220 V, 50/60Hz

Stimuli Resolution 1 gram

Maximum Stimuli 999 gram

Material Composition Methacrylate

Computer Requirements PC (Windows® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP and Vista)

Maximum Numberof Stations

1 per computer(multiple set-ups also availableunder request)

Certifications CE Compliant

Control Unit Dimensions 350 (W) x 350 (D) x 130 (H) mm


150 (W) x 210 (D) x 166 (H) mm

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0234 LE7306 Rat Paw Pressure Analgesia-Meter Including

SeDaCom Software

OPTIONS


CitationsFernández-Dueñas V et al (2008) Adjuvant effect of caffeine on acetylsalicylic acid anti-nociception: Prostaglandin E2 synthesis determination in carrageenan-induced peripheralinflammation in rat Eur. J. Pain, 12(Issue 2):157-163 (Rat, Spain)Célérier E et al. (2006) Opioid-induced hyperalgesia in a murine model of postoperative pain: role ofnitric oxide generated from the inducible nitric oxide synthase. Anesthesiology 104(3): 546-555. (Paw-pressure, Mice, Spain)Romero A et al (2005) Anti-exudative effects of opioid receptor agonists in a rat model of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation of the paw. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 511(2-3):207-217. (Rat, Spain)Célérier E et al. (2004) Prevention of fentanyl-induced delayed pronociceptive effects in mice lackingthe protein kinase C-gamma gene. Neuropharmacol. 46:264-272. (Tail-pressure, Mouse, Spain)Al-Naggar TB et al. (2003) Neuropharmacological activity of Nigella sativa L. extracts. J.Ethnopharmacol. 88(1): 63-68. (Rat, Spain)Gutierrez M et al. (2003) Interactions of acute morphine with chronic imipramine and fluvoxaminetreatment on the antinociceptive effect in arthritic rats. 352(Issue 1): 37-40. (Rat, Spain)Martin M et al. (2003) Acute antinociceptive responses in single and combinatorial opioid receptorknockout mice: distinct mu, delta and kappa tones Eur. J. .Neurosci. 17(4):701 (Tail-pressure, Mouse, Spain)Martin M et al. (2003) Morphine withdrawal is modified in pituitary adenylate cyclase-activatingpolypeptide type I-receptor-deficient mice. Mol. Brain Res. 110(1):109-118. (Mouse, Spain)

Analgesia

48

AnalgesiaPlethysmometer for Evaluating Paw Volume

Digital Water PlethysmometerThe Digital Water Plethysmometer is designed to provide a highlyuseful tool in the measurement of small volume changes. This test istypically used to follow the evolution of the inflammatory responseexperimentally induced in rodents and to screen potential anti-inflammatory or anti-oedema properties of pharmacologicalsubstances.

The volume transducer is formed by two Perspex tubes interconnectedand filled with a conductive solution and a platinum electrode for eachchamber. All the system is supported by a stand (included) that can beplaced over the control unit.

The water displacement produced by the immersion of the animal pawin the measuring tube is reflected into the second tube, inducing achange in the conductance between the two platinum electrodes. ThePlethysmometer Control Unit detects the conductance changes andgenerates an output signal to the digital display indicating the volumedisplacement measured (0.01 ml resolution). The current value remainsin the digital display until a new trial starts. The Control Unit isautomatically zeroed between successive readings, thus makingintermediate adjustments unnecessary.

The system includes as standard a volume transducer with its relatedcalibrator and a 100 ml solution. A remote footswitch allows rapidhands-free experiments and can be used to set control the end point ofthe measurement. SeDaCom software supplied with the unit can beused to automatically record the results on a PC through a RS-232 port.

Digital WaterPlethysmometer

Key Features� Computer interface

� “Check solution” status button

� Conductive solution is easy to prepare or source


� Footswitch control

� Automatic zero adjustment

Parameters Measured� Paw volume (ml)

Components Included� Control Unit with RS-232 communication port to PC

� Pedal switch


� Conductive solution (100 ml bottle)

� 1ml, 3ml or 5ml cell with electrode

� 1ml or 3ml volume gauge






� 2 year warranty



49

Analgesia

SpecificationsControl Unit Dimensions 280 (W) x 280 (D) x 110 (H)


230 (W) x 220 (D) x 300 (H)


Starting By panel key or pedal switch

Resolution 3 digits, 0.01 steps

Computer Requirements PC (Windows® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP and Vista)

Material Composition Clear methacrylate (cell), stainless steel (stand),platinum (electrode)




Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0220 LE7500 Digital Water Plethysmometer Including

3 ml Cell and SeDaCom Software

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0221 LE7504 1 ml Cell with Electrode



BH2 76-0224 LE7506 Platinum Electrode

BH2 76-0225 LE75301 1 ml Calibrator for Plethysmometer

BH2 76-0226 LE75303 3 ml Calibrator for Plethysmometer


CitationsBignotto L et al. (2009) Anti-inflammatory effect of lycopene on carrageenan-induced paw oedema andhepatic ischaemia–reperfusion in the rat. British Journal of Nutrition 102:126-133 (rat, Brazil)Gupta et al. (2009) Anti-arthritic activity of various extracts of Sida rhombifolia aerial parts.Natural Product research: Formerly Natural Product Letters. 23(8):689-695. (rat, India)Jegede IA et al. (2009) Investigation of phytochemical, anti inflammatory and anti nociceptive propertiesof Ipomoea asarifolia leaves. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 3(3):160-165. (Rats, Nigeria)Sujatha K et al. (2009) Synthesis, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of bis(indolyl)methanes.Indian Journal of Chemistry. 48B(02):267-272. (Rats, India)Bhandari SV et al. (2008) Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, ulcerogenic and nitric oxide releasing of some novelnon-steroidal ibuprofen analogs in animal models. Pharmacologyonline 2: 572-587. (Mouse, India)

Plethysmometer for Evaluating Paw Volume (Continued)

NEW Dynamic Weight Bearing TestMeasuring the Postural Equilibrium on Freely Moving Rodents

Analysis and replay can be performed on-site or remotely. Replaying theexperiment with the recorded video file allows the operator to furthercomplement the posture and behavior of the animal, enhancing theinterest of the test. During this time, the user can check and secure eachlimb recognition. The weight distribution of the animal, per limb, is shownin the result window for each time period with the mean and variationcoefficient. All data is presented in the Excel file.

Dynamic Weight Bearing TestNewly developed, our Dynamic Weight Bearing Test, features a floorinstrumented cage. This allows independent measurement of the weightbore by each limb for the freely moving animal.

This system accuracy and resolution are ensured via a metrologicalcalibration performed prior to the data capture. During the data capture,the raw data for each paw are synchronized with the images from a videocamera and the averaged values are encrypted and recorded on a PCthrough a USB link along with the sampling rate of 10 Hz.

Dynamic WeightBearing Test

Key Features� Measure independently the weight bore by each limb of afreely moving animal

� Data capture allows for analysis and replay to be performedfor user validation of data

� Accuracy and resolution insured by an initial calibration

� High throughput possible in this minimal stress to the animalhardware

Parameters Measured� Weight bore on each limb, averaged and coefficient ofvariation

� Time period, mean and coefficient of variation

� Raw data is encrypted (GLP) and recorded with a samplingrate of 10 Hz including synchronized video recording

Components Included� Animal cage

� One sensor

� USB interface

� Webcam

� Software

SpecificationsOverall Dimensions (L x W x H cm):

Mouse 17 x 17 x 12 cm (6.7 x 6.7 x 4.7 in)

Rat 30 x 30 x 25 cm (11.8 x 11.8 x 9.8 in)

Overall Weight:

Mouse 1 kg (2.2 lbs)

Rat 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs)

Power Supply From PC USB port

Animal Cage Internal Dimensions:

Mouse 11.5 x 11.5 x 11.5 cm (4.5 x 4.5 x 4.5 in)

Rat 25 x 25 x 24 cm (9.8 x 9.8 x 9.5 in)

Sensor Accuracy:

Mouse 1 g

Rat 1 g

Sensor Resolution:

Mouse 0.2 g

Rat 0.2 g

Sensor Range:

Mouse 15 to 100 g

Rat 100 to 500 g

Cage Material:

Floor Gray PPC

Walls and top cover Transparent PPC

Computer Requirements Pentinum PC 2 Go Ram, Windows® XP/Vistawith 2 USB ports minimum

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0474 DWB-M Dynamic Weight Bearing Test, Mouse

BH2 76-0497 DWB-R Dynamic Weight Bearing Test, Rat


Analgesia


51

Incapacitance Meter

Key Features� Assess spontaneous pain in absence of the application anyexperimental noxious or non-noxious stimulus

� Specially designed animal holders (mouse and rat) to getrelevant results more rapidly

� Data given using user selected unit (grams, Newton, ounces,or pounds)

� Easy and precise instrument

Parameters Measured� Current value of the weight applied on each sensor

� Mean value calculated in an user-defined interval of time

Incapacitance MeterThe Incapacitance test represents an unsurpassed method forassessing spontaneous pain in laboratory animal model withinflammation or nerve injury in one hind paw (neuropathy, incision etc).Indeed, classic measurements of nociceptive thresholds as used inmost of the experimental studies allows assessment of only a painsensitivity level, not a spontaneous pain level, in the absence ofexperimental nociceptive stimuli.

In the incapacitance test, the animal is located in a holder speciallydesigned to maintain the animal comfortably positioned on twoseparated sensor plates. The Panlab/Harvard Apparatus Incapacitancetester enables then to quantify the spontaneous postural changesreflecting spontaneous pain by independently measuring the weightthat the animal applies each hind paw on two separate sensors. In theabsence of hind paw injury, rats applied equal weight on both hindpaws, indicating a postural equilibrium. After unilateral hind paw tissueinjury, a change in the weight distribution on the sensor can bedetected, with a lower weight applied by the injured paw.

The current value of the weight applied on each sensor cell is shownon the LCD display of the LE7950 control unit in a user-selected unit(grams, Newton or oz/lbs). A remote footswitch controls the teststart/stop allowing rapid hands-free experiments. The control unit alsoallows to compute and display statistics (mean, SD) for the groups ofanimals under test during the measurements. No PC is required forrunning the Incapacitance Test, although the possibility is given tosend collected data from the instrument to a PC through the integratedRS-232 interface SeDaCom.

Incapacitance Tester

SpecificationsResolution 0.05 gr

Average 1 to 300 seconds

Overpressure 2000 gr

Control Unit Dimensions 17 x 25 x 10 cm

Communications RS-232 (USB)

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0115 LE7900 Incapacitance Test Sensor

BH2 76-0116 LE7920 Incapacitance Test Holder, Mouse

BH2 76-0117 LE7930 Incapacitance Test Holder, Rat

BH2 76-0118 LE7950 Incapacitance Test Control Unit,Includes SeDaCom

CitationsLaboureyra E et al. (2009) Long-Term Pain Vulnerability After Surgery in Rats: Prevention byNefopam, an Analgesic with Antihyperalgesic Properties. Anesth. Analg. 109:623-631. (rat, France)Liu S et al. (2009) Combination of Microsurgery and Gene Therapy for Spinal Dorsal Root Injury Repair.Mol. Ther. 17(6):992-1002. (rat, France)Rivat C et al. (2008) Polyamine deficient diet to relieve pain hypersensitivity. Pain. 137(1):125-137 (Rat, France)Richebé P et al. (2009) Ketamine Improves the Management of Exaggerated Postoperative PainObserved in Perioperative Fentanyl-treated Rats. Anesthesiology. 102(2):421-428. (rat, France)

Analgesia

Pressure Application Measurement

Key Features� User controlled application of pressure directly to the joint

� Automatic recording of limb withdrawal

� Resolution of 0.1g (6% maximum gram force)

� Maximum gram force up to 1500 grams!

Parameters Measured� Gram force

Components Included� Electronic unit

� Joint Transducer, 5mm

� Joint Transducer, 8mm

� Software

� Foot pedal

CitationsBarton NJ (2007) Pressure application measurement (PAM): A novel behavioural technique formeasuring hypersensitivity in a rat model of joint pain. Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 163, 67-75

Pressure Application MeasurementThe new Pressure Application Measurement (PAM) device offered byHarvard Apparatus is a novel, easy to use tool for measuringmechanical pain threshold in experimental joint hypersensitivitymodels in rodents.

The PAM device has been designed and validated specifically for themechanical stimulation and assessment of joint pain, and therefore isespecially useful in studying arthritis. The PAM device applies aquantifiable force for direct stimulation of the joint and for automaticreadout of the response.

The operator simply wears a special force sensor on the thumb andmeasures the force which elicits the animal’s response, normally limbwithdrawal.

Each PAM device comes standard with two force sensors, which havebeen specially designed to apply force to rat and mouse joints. Thearea stimulated using the small sensor is 5mm diameter, useful formice. The large sensor has an 8mm diameter area of contact and isuseful in stimulating either mice or rat joints.

The electronic unit is compact and connects to the mains power orcan be battery-operated for maximum flexibility. The internal batteriesfor this device may be recharged by USB connection to a PC andrecharging occurs simultaneously with its operation. A foot pedalswitch is provided for manual score of the peak force applied.

The PAM device has an internal memory for data storage and alsoincludes dedicated software.

PressureApplicationMeasurement

Order # Model ProductBH2 72-6172 38500 PAM Pressure Application Device


Analgesia

Learning refers to the process by which relativelypermanent changes occur in behavioral potential as aresult of experience. Memory is the process by which thelearned information is encoded, stored, and later retrieved.During the two last centuries, the study of learning andmemory have been central to three disciplines: philosophy,psychology and biology. These in turn have contributed tohighlighting the complexity of these concepts.

The most common theoretical classification of memorydistinguishes its forms on the basis of information storageduration; short-term memory (properly defined as theability to store information temporarily, for seconds, beforeit is consolidated into long-term memory), long-termmemory (properly defined as the ability to learn newinformation and recall this information after some time haspassed) and working memory (used to refer to thetemporary maintenance of information that was justexperienced or just retrieved from long-term memory butno longer exists in the external environment).

Another manner to classify forms of memory is based on thenature of the information and how it is aquired. On the onehand, declarative memory involves explicit informationabout facts and associations with other events, and must berecalled to consciousness to be used. On the other hand,procedural memory is related to the knowledge of rules ofaction and procedures, which can become automatic andunconscious with repetition. Procedural memory itself isoften parceled as associative and non-associative learning.Non-associative learning classically refers to habituation(decreased response to a repetitive presentation of astimulus) and sensitization (enhanced response to manydifferent stimuli after experiencing an intense or noxiousone). In associative (or Pavlovian) learning, an animal learnsthat two stimuli are associated with each other (classicalconditioning) or that a response is associated with a givenevent/consequence (operant conditioning).

From a historical perspective, Ivan Pavlov was the firstexperimenter to research classical conditioning. Starting as asimple physiological experiment with canines, his studiesturned out to be the discovery of what is now known asconditioning, more specifically, classical conditioning.James Watson was the pioneer psychology theorist thattranslated the ideas of Pavlov’s classical conditioning tohumans. B.F. Skinner brought a new face into the world ofbehaviorism with his work on Operant Conditioning, which isvery similar to classical conditioning but includes reinforcers.After a response occurs, due to a certain stimulus, reinforcers(positive or negative) are inserted that will increase or diminishthe probability that the behavior may occur again.

Learning & MemoryGuide

Throughout evolution, mammals have developed such thattheir brains can acquire and store information about objectsand situations, for short and long periods of time, usingmultiple sensory modalities. As a consequence, behavioraltasks have been developed in laboratory animals,attempting to characterize a number of the different typesof information stored and the neuroanatomical structuresused to do so. It is necessary to remember that although anexperimenter may intend to evaluate a particular form ofmemory, other memories may interfere or enhance themeasures of memory taken. Moreover, learning andmemory are multifaceted. As a consequence, a completeunderstanding of the impact of a particular drug or geneticmanipulation cannot be achieved if only one type ofbehavior or memory system is investigated. The greater thenumber of behavioral domains tested, the better theunderstanding of the specific actions of drugs and genes.

Memory and learning deficits, which severely alter quality oflife, appear with normal aging and are associated withnumerous diseases, such as Alzheimer’s Disease, braindamage, Huntington’s Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson’sDisease and HIV among others. Studying learning andmemory neurobiological mechanisms is therefore essentialto find efficient therapeutic strategies. To do so, variousbehavioral tasks have been developed in laboratory rodentsand are largely validated. These are commonly used toassess many aspects of learning and memory abilities inresponse to drug administration and to study theirneurobiological mechanisms.

53

Learning & Memory Guide

54

Behavioral TestPassive Avoidance

Passive Avoidance paradigms require thesubjects to behave contrary to their innatetendencies for preference of dark areas andavoidance of bright ones. The apparatuschamber used in this test is composed of ablack and a white compartment. Typically,during the conditioning phase, an aversivestimulus, i.e. a mild footshock, is administeredwhen the subject enters into the darkcompartment (conditioning phase). Thus, theconditioned response is given by the avoidanceof this compartment while it is more attractivefor the subject, in the test phase and memoryperformance is positively correlated to thelatency to enter into the dark compartment.


� Quick procedure for studying short-and long-term memory

� Classical conditioning (stimulus response learning)� Hippocampal independent process� Involves animal inhibiting its behavior in order

to avoid shock (different from active avoidanceprocedures)

� Ideal test for first screening� Simple to setup and use� Does not require prior food deprivation� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Requires footshock administration which can bestressful to the subject


� Neurodegenerative Diseases related to Aging� Alzheimer’s Disease� Drug Screening� Phenotyping

Behavioral TestActive Avoidance

In the Active Avoidance paradigm, subjectslearn to avoid an aversive stimulus by initiatinga specific locomotor response. In this task,animals are placed in a two-compartmentshuttle box and have to learn the associationbetween a conditioned stimulus (CS, e.g. light)and an unconditioned stimulus (US, e.g.footshock). Subjects give a conditionedresponse when they avoid receiving the shock,by moving to the opposite compartment duringthe CS presentation (avoidance response). Ifanimals do not act, a foot shock is delivered,but can be avoided by moving to the oppositecompartment (escape response).

This test is also used for assessing depressive-like symptoms in animals involved in a “learnedhelplessness procedure”. In this context, the useof a previously inescapable shock session hasprofound and long-lasting disruptive effects onthe ability of the animals to learn to escapeshocks. This escape deficit can be prevented byadministering antidepressants.


� Associative learning (operant conditioning),short- and long-term memory

� Provides procedures for testing acquisition,consolidation and retention processes

� Gives index of learning progression (evolutioncurves of performance)

� Standard test for Phenotyping� Does not require prior food deprivation� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Requires foot shock administration which can bestressful for the animal

� Fear and anxiety influence avoidance� Change in pain sensitivity can interfere with foot

shock perception� Locomotor activity alterations can interfere with

avoidance/escape responses





55

Behavioral TestRadial Maze

The Radial Maze task utilizes the naturaltendency of food-deprived rodents to learn andremember different spatial locations for food inan eight-arm radial maze. The large choice ofprotocol configurations available in this taskhave been proven to be very useful inassessing neurobehavioral bases for learningand memory. In the procedure to assessreference memory, only some arms are baitedat the beginning of the session. First entry intoa non-baited arm constitutes a referencememory error and repeated entries to a baitedand non-baited arms are defined as a workingmemory error.


� Sensitive for both mice and rats� Spatial memory and non-spatial memory, working

and reference memory� Gives index of learning progression (evolution

curves of performances)� Robust performance, can be tested across a large

range of delays


� Requires food deprivation that may represent amajor drawback for its use in knock-out mice

� Locomotor activity alterations can interfere witharm exploration



Behavioral TestMorris Water Maze

The Morris Water Maze is the most commontest used to evaluate cognitive functions. It istypically used to identify drugs, geneticmanipulations, or other experimentalconditions that alter spatial memory in rodents.This task uses a circular pool of water in whicha small platform is submerged beneath thesurface and is based on the innate tendency ofrodents to escape from water. Followingseveral trials, when placed in the maze,subjects learn the platform location, usingexternal visual cues. Latency and distancetravelled to reach the platform are inverselycorrelated to memory performance, so areincreased in animals with spatial memoryimpairments. Different kinds of protocols canbe used for evaluation of non-spatial memoryprocesses (cued version).


� Spatial memory and non-spatial memory,working and reference memory

� Gives index of learning progression(evolution curves of performances)

� Standard test for Phenotyping� Extremely sensitive to hippocampal lesions

and aging� Does not require prior food deprivation� No odor guidance cues� More complex and realistic task compared to a

binary choice such as the T or Y maze� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Labor intensive experiment� Locomotor activity alterations can interfere with

swimming displacements





56

Behavioral TestSpontaneous Alternation

The Spontaneous Alternation Task is used toassess spatial working memory in rodents and isbased on the innate tendency of rodents toexplore a prior unexplored arm or a T- or Y-maze. Thus, a rodent typically rememberswhich arm it has just visited. Two types ofprocedures are classically described. In a firstprocedure, the subject is allowed to freelyexplore the maze. Alternation behavior, definedas consecutive entries into each of the threearms without repetition, is measured. In anotherprocedure, the subject is placed at the end of thestart arm of a T- or Y-maze and is allowed toexplore one of the two other arms. The subjectis then returned to the start arm and willtypically choose to explore the alternate arm,which corresponds to a correct choice.


� Spatial and non- spatial working memory� Standard test for phenotyping� Simple to setup and use� Quick procedure� Does not require prior food deprivation� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Locomotor activity alterations can interfere witharm exploration



Behavioral TestDelayed Alternation Task

The Delayed Alternation Task allows assessingspatial working memory in a T- or Y-maze. Inthe first trial of the test, the animal is placed atthe end of the start arm and has to choosebetween the two other arms that are baited.Once the choice is made, the subject is removedand after a variable delay, is returned to the startarm. In this second trial, the one baited arm isnow the opposite arm to which was chosenduring the first trial. The animal has to make adifferent choice than its first one (correct choice)to get the reward.


� Spatial working and reference memory� Simple task (binary choice)� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Requires food deprivation� May represent a laborious procedure

(difficult to automate)� Locomotor activity alterations can interfere with

arm exploration





57

Behavioral TestFear Potentiated Startle Reflex

The Fear Potentiated Startle Reflex test is aparadigm in which amplitude of a simple reflexis increased when presented with a cue thathas been previously paired with an aversivestimulus. In the training phase, subjects areexposed to several light footshock pairings in astartle box. Later, in the test phase, acousticstartling stimuli are presented consecutively tothe light cue. If the association between thelight cue and the foot shocks has been learnedcorrectly in the training phase, light cue priorexposure increases the startle response.Inversely, in subjects with alteration of learningand memory abilities, prior presentation of thelight cue does not change the startle response.


� Associative learning, short- and long-term memory� Non-operant procedure� Does not require prior food deprivation� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Requires footshock which can be stressful tothe animal

� Needs intact sensorimotor gating� Fear and anxiety influence the startle response� Change in pain sensitivity can interfere with foot

shock intensity perception


� Neurodegenerative Diseases related to Aging� Alzheimer’s Disease� Drug Screening

Behavioral TestFear Conditioning

Fear Conditioning is a form of Pavlovianlearning that involves making associationbetween stimuli and their aversiveconsequences. This task is based on theconditioning of a response to fear consisting ina complete lack of movements, i.e. the freezingbehavior. During a training phase, the animalis exposed to a conditioned stimulus (tone orlight), paired with a mild footshock(unconditioned stimulus). After a delay, thecontext-dependent fear is evaluated bymeasuring freezing behavior in subjectsreplaced in the same apparatus withouttone/light presentation.

Cued-dependent fear is reflected by measuringfreezing in response to tone/light presentationin a distinct chamber. These tasks challengedifferent areas of the brain.


� Associative learning (classical conditioning),short- and long-term memory

� Allows assessing memory dependent onhippocampus (contextual fear conditioning) or not(cue-dependent fear conditioning)

� Standard test for phenotyping� Conditioning task� Does not require prior food deprivation� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Requires footshock which can be stressful forthe animal

� Fear and anxiety influence the freezing response� Change in pain sensitivity can interfere with foot

shock intensity perception





58

Behavioral TestObject Recognition Test

The Object Recognition Test is based on thenatural tendency of rodents to investigate novelty.In the training phase of the task, subjects areallowed to freely explore objects in anexperimental arena. After a delay, two objects,including the known one and a novel, arepresented to the subject in the test phase. Thechoice to explore the novel object reflects the useof the recognition memory processes.


� Short- and long-term memory� Not dependent upon the hippocampus� Less influenced by non-specific locomotor effects� Standard test for phenotyping� Simple to setup and use� Does not require prior food deprivation� Sensitive for both mice and rats



Behavioral TestSocial Recognition Test

The Recognition Test is based on the naturaltendency of rodents to investigate a novelcongener instead of a familiar one. In this task,a first phase consists in presenting a congenerthe experimental subject. In a second phase,the experimental subject is exposed to twocongeners, including the known one and anovel one. Observations of social interactionsclassically show that the experimental subjectpreferentially investigate the unknowncongener. This innate tendency involves intactsocial interactions and memory processes.


� Allows studying both social and memory processes� Short- and long-term memory for social information

and cues that identify individual subjects� Requires amygdale dependent and

hippocampal-independent processes� Less influenced by non-specific locomotor effects� Standard test for phenotyping� Simple to setup and use� Does not require prior food deprivation� Sensitive for both mice and rats





59

Behavioral TestDMTP/DNMTP

The Delayed-Matching to Position/Not-to-Position Task measures the ability of subjectsto learn a rule in which they have to associatethe position of a stimulus previously presentedand an action for getting a reward. At the startof each trial, one of two retractable levers ispresented to the subject while in an operantchamber. The subject has to press the lever forindicating that the sample has been registered.After a delay (fixed or variable), both levers arepresented simultaneously. In the DMTP versionof the task, the subject has to press the samesample lever as the one presented before thedelay to receive the reward, whereas in theDNMTP version, the subject has to press theopposite lever. The number of correctresponses indicates the subject’s learning andmemory performance.


� Short- and long-term memory, procedural and spatialworking memory

� Operant conditioning� No olfactory or spatial uncontrollable cues� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Requires prior food deprivation� Influenced by non-specific effects on

attention processes


� Neurodegenerative Diseases related to Aging� Alzheimer’s Disease� Drug Screening

Behavioral Test5-Choice Serial ReactionTime Task

The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time (5CSRT) Taskis commonly used to evaluate attentionperformance using visual discrimination inlaboratory animals. It represents a conditioningparadigm, involving intact attention processes.In this test, the subject has to learn to respond toa brief illumination of one of the five openings,by poking its nose inside the correct hole inorder to obtain a food reward. More the rulesare learned by the subject, more the time spentto get the reward, as well as the number oferrors are decreased. These parameters giveinformation about the functional integrity ofattention and learning processes and are mostlyaltered in animal models of Schizophrenia andAlzheimer’s Disease.


� Allows studying both social and memory processes� Short- and long-term memory for social information

and cues that identify individual subjects� Requires amygdale dependent and

hippocampal-independent processes� Less influenced by non-specific locomotor effects� Standard test for phenotyping� Simple to setup and use� Does not require prior food deprivation� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Classically used in rats and more recentlyadapted for mice

� Long and laborious procedure� Requires prior food and drink deprivation� Changes in behavioral output can be brought by

many non-cognitive factors, such as alteration oflocomotor activity, vision, anxiety level


� Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)� Schizophrenia� Autism� Neurodegenerative Diseases related to Aging� Alzheimer’s Disease� Drug Screening



60

Behavioral TestSocial Interaction Test

The social interaction test by pairs provides apopular and standard paradigm to study generalsocial behavior. This test consists in allowingthe experimental subject freely exploring anunfamiliar congener in its home cage or in aneutral environment. Social exploration ismeasured by the time spent by the experimentalsubject around the congener as well as theamount and duration of behaviors that composesocial interaction (e.g. sniffing, following,grooming, biting, mounting, wrestling…). Socialavoidance behavior is used in a wide variety ofmodels, for instance, for assessing neophobiaanxiety and depression-like behavior.


� Classic social interaction test widely usedin literature

� Can be completed quickly� Simple to setup and use� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Difficult to automate


� Drug Screening� Phenotyping� Autism� Schizophrenia� Neophobia� Anxiety� Depression

Behavioral TestSocial Transmission of FoodPreference Test

Social transmission of food preference is a testthat is used in rodents to assess memoryprocesses as well as social interaction ability.This test is based on the fact that rodents areable to learn about potential food sources bysampling those sources on the breath of litermates. This task requires a demonstrator,previously exposed to a scented food, whichinteracts with an observer to transmit its foodexposure experience. If social transmission offood preference has occurred, the observer willpreferentially consume the same diet that wasfed to the demonstrator when confronted witha choice.


� Allows studying both social and memory processes� Evaluates ability to learn about the safety of food

from its fellow liter mates� Assessing long-term odor memory and

consolidation studies� Does not require exposure to aversive stimuli� Standard test for phenotyping� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Influenced by non-specific effects on olfaction


� Alzheimer’s Disease� Drug Screening� Phenotyping


AttentionGuide

Attention is fundamental to the processing of informationthat occurs during learning and memory. Attentionalprocesses enable subjects to efficiently perceive or focuson certain environmental stimuli and to ignore others.

Attention is not a unitary concept and consists of severaldistinct mechanisms:

• SUSTAINED ATTENTION (OR VIGILANCE):A continuous focus for the detection of rare events

• DIVIDED ATTENTION:Several stimuli are simultaneously monitored

• SELECTIVE (FOCUSED) ATTENTION:Focus on a restricted number of stimuli,while ignoring the rest

In practice, many situations require a mixture of thesedifferent processes. Impairments of attention processesresult in severe cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions andare found in various pathologies, In particular in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most commonlypsychiatric disorder of childhood. Moreover, deficits inattention are commonly associated with schizophrenia,autism and with age-related decline of memoryperformances. Whereas attention processes have largelybeen characterized in humans, experimental studies ofneurobiological mechanisms in humans are limited. In thisway, various behavioral tests used in humans have beendeveloped in animals, in particular in laboratory rodents,allowing advances in attention-relative knowledge andgrowth of efficient therapeutic strategies.

61

Attention Guide

Behavioral Test5/9 Holes Box

The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Times (5CSRT)task is commonly used to evaluate attentionperformance using visual discrimination inlaboratory animals. It represents a conditioningparadigm, involving intact attention processes.In this test, the subject has to learn to respondto a brief illumination of one of the fiveopenings, by poking its nose inside the correcthole in order to obtain a food reward. 5-ChoiceSerial Reaction Time Test: The more the subjectlearns the rules, the more time they spendobtaining the reward and also the number oferrors are decreased. These parameters giveinformation about the functional integrity ofattention and learning processes and are mostlyaltered in animal models of schizophrenia andAlzheimer’s disease.


� Widely used in literature to study visualdiscrimination and attention

� Involves associative learning, procedural memoryand operant conditioning

� Allows the exploration of a wide variety ofcognitive processes

� Robust performance and specific responses


� Classically used in rats and more recently adaptedfor mice

� Long and laborious procedures� Requires prior food and drink deprivation� Changes in behavioral output can be brought by

many non-cognitive factors, such as alteration oflocomotor activity, vision, and anxiety level


� Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)� Schizophrenia� Autism� Neurodegenerative diseases related to aging� Alzheimer’s� Drug Screening

Behavioral TestStartle Reflex

Prepulse Inhibition (PPI) paradigm is commonlyused to evaluate sensorimotor gating as well asattention processes involved in informationselection processing. The startle response is abrainstem reflex elicited by an unexpectedacoustic or tactile stimulus. In the prepulseinhibition test, sensorimotor gating is assessedby evaluating the characteristics of the innatereduction fo the startle reflex induced by aweak pre-stimulus. This test measures pre-attentive processes that operate outside ofconscious awareness and is widely used inanimal models of diseases marked by inabilityto inhibit or “gate” irrelevant information insensory, motor or cognitive domains.


� Resproduces the same paradigm used in humans todetect attention and sensorimotor gating disorders

� Objective measurement: automated detection fostartle reflex



� Restraint conditions (habituation phase needed)� Influenced by non-specific effects on

sensorimotor gating


� Drug Screening� Phenotyping� Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)� Schizophrenia� Autism� Obsessive compulsive disorder� Huntington’s Disease� Nocturnal enuresis� Tourette Syndrome

62Harvard Apparatus • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.comPanlab | Harvard Apparatus • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.com


63

Shuttle Box for Active and Passive Avoidance

Key Features� Highly sensitive weight transducer system for accurateanimal detection

� Easy to set up different wall shapes and colors

� Optional guillotine door for passive avoidance

� Compartments with independent grid floor

� Front and top doors for easy access inside the box

� Up to 8 active boxes can be controlled simultaneouslyfrom one PC

� Neither PC interface nor PC cards are required

� Safety system which guarantees that the shock intensityreceived by the animal is always the same valueindependently of the grid bars treaded

Parameters Measured� Latency to entrance into the black compartment(passive avoidance)

� Number and latency of conditioned responses(active avoidance)

� Number and latency of unconditioned responses(active avoidance)

� Number and latency of null responses (active avoidance)

� Number and latency of none responses (active avoidance)

� Number of compartment changes during the intertrialintervals (active avoidance)

� Latency mean and accumulated responses sorted byinterval of time

Shuttle BoxPanlab/Harvard Apparatus Shuttle Boxes LE916 (Rats) and LE918(Mice) provide the ideal environment to carry out conditioned reflexes(Active and Passive Avoidance) in learning and memory studies.

The Shuttle Box (LE916-918) consists of two equally sizedcompartments with two independent grid floors. A front door, inaddition to the top ones, allows an easy access inside the box. Thecage contains a general sound generator and a visual stimulus (light)for each compartment.

The animal is detected by two weight transducers located above thestatic grids, avoiding the problems inherent to photoelectrical or gridtilting systems (high speeds of displacements in mice, tail detectionin rats).

Our Shuttle Box is thought to be easily set up and dismantled. Therefore,reconverting it to traditional Passive Box is quite straightforward byadding a sliding door (LE916D for mice or LE918D for rats). It is alsopossible to set up different wall shapes or colors in order to furthercondition the subject of study either visually or spatially.

The Shuttle Boxes can be controlled by Programmer LE2708 or oursoftware, ShutAvoid. SeDaCom software is included for transferring datafrom the programmer to a PC through a RS-232 port. The connection isdirect between the programmer and PC. No PCI card is needed! The linkis carried out by one only cable from one box to the other. The first boxis connected to PC or laptop by the RS-232 port or USB.

The second option is suitable for controlling a number of boxessimultaneously.

Components Included� Active Box (Shuttle Box)

� Control Unit with RS-232 communication port




� 2 year warranty

Options� Motorized door to convert Active Box into Passive Box

� Sound Attenuating Box

� LE2708 avoidance programmer including shocker

� ShutAvoid software to control up to 8 active or passive boxes

� LE10026 shocker unit with scrambler (0-2mA output)

Learning, Memory & Attention

Shuttle Box for Active and Passive Avoidance (continued)

CitationsDagnino-Subiabre A et al. (2009) Chronic stress induces dendritic atrophy in the rat medial geniculatenucleus: Effects on auditory conditioning Behavioural Brain Research 203(1):88-96 (rat, Chile)Johannesson M et al. (2009) A resource for the simultaneous high-resolution mappingof multiple quantitative trait loci in rats: The NIH heterogeneous stock. Genome Res. 2009 19: 150-158. (Rat, Spain, Sweden, UK, USA)Lopez-Aumatell R et al. (2009) Unlearned anxiety predicts learned fear: A comparison amongheterogeneous rats and the Roman rat strains. Behav. Brain. Res. 202(1):92-101. (activeavoidance, rat, Spain)Mendez M et al. (2009) Associative learning deficit in two experimental models of hepaticencephalopathy. Behav. Brain Res. 198(2):346-351. (active and passive avoidance, rat, Spain)Valverde O et al. (2009) GPR3 receptor, a novel actor in the emotional-like responses. PLoS One.4(3):e4704. (mice, Spain, Belgium)Martin-Garcia et al (2008) Neonatal finasteride induces anxiogenic-like profile and deterioratespassive avoidance in adulthood after intrahippocampal neurosteroid administration. Neuroscience.154(4):1497-1505 (rat, Spain)Mendez et al. (2008) Associative learning deficit in two experimental models of hepaticencephalopathy. Behavioural Brain Research, Volume 198, Issue 2, 17 March 2009, Pages 346-351.(Rat, Spain)Rueda N et al. (2008) Effects of chronic administration of SGS-111 during adulthood and during thepre- and post-natal periods on the cognitive deficits of Ts65Dn mice, a model of Down syndrome.Behavioural Brain Research, Volume 188, Issue 2, 9 April 2008, Pages 355-367 (mice, Spain)Ruiz-Medina J et al (2008) Intracranial self-stimulation improves memory consolidation in rats withlittle training. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 89(4):574-581 (rat, Spain)Trigo JM et al (2008) MDMA modifies active avoidance learning and recall in mice. Psychopharmacol.197:391-400 (mouse, Spain)Andero R et al. (2007) Electrical stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in freelymoving awake rats: Time- and site-specific effects on two-way active avoidance conditioning.Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 87(4):510-521 (rat, Spain)Bura SA et al. (2007) Genetic and pharmacological approaches to evaluate the interaction betweenthe cannabinoid and cholinergic systems in cognitive processes. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 March; 150(6):758–765. (mice, Spain, Belgium)Quiroz-Padilla MF et al. (2007) Effects of parafascicular excitotoxic lesions on two-way activeavoidance and odor-discrimination. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. (rat, Spain)Lopez-Aumatell R et al. (2007) Fearfulness in a large N/Nih genetically heterogeneous rat stock:Differential profiles of timidity and defensive flight in males and females. Behav. Brain Res. 188(1):41-55 (rat, Spain)Millan M et al. (2007) A preferential dopamine D3 versus D2 receptor antagonist and potentialantipsychotic agent. III. Actions in models of therapeutic activity and induction of side-effects. J.Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (rat, France)Soriano-Mas C et al. (2007) Intracranial self-stimulation after memory reactivation: Immediate andlate effects. Brain Res. Bull. 74(1-3):51-57 (rat, Spain)Bura SA et al. (2007) Genetic and pharmacological approaches to evaluate the interaction betweenthe cannabinoid and cholinergic systems in cognitive processes. Br. J. Pharmacol. 150(6): 758-765.(active avoidance, mouse, Spain).

SpecificationsCage Dimensions:

LE916 Rat 510 (W) x 250 (D) x 240 (H) mm internal; 580 x 360 x305 mm external

LE918 Mouse 590 (W) x 190 (D) x 240 (H) mm internal; 580 x 360 x305 mm external

Minimum WeightDetected

10 grams (Mouse Box); 40 grams (Rat Box)

Material Composition Methacrylate, aluminum, stainless steel

Computer Requirements(withSeDaCom)

PC (Windows® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP and Vista)

Maximum Number ofStations (with ShutAvoid)

8 stations connected to a PC

Connection of SeveralUnits to PC

Neither PC interface nor PC card are required.One cable connects all units to the PC



Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0250 LE916 SHUTTLE BOX with Static Floor

(Needs Shocker) Rat

BH2 76-0251 LE918 SHUTTLE BOX with Static Floor(Needs Shocker) Mouse

BH2 76-0157 LE26 Sound Attenuating Box

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0252 LE916D Guillotine Door for Rat Shuttle Box LE916and Make it Capable to Run PassiveAvoidance Experiments

BH2 76-0253 LE918D Guillotine Door for Mouse Shuttle Box LE918and Make it Capable to Run PassiveAvoidance Experiments

BH2 76-0201 LE2708 AVOIDANCE PROGRAMMER with Shocker

BH2 76-0202 SHUTAVOID PC SOFTWARE to Control up to 8Active/Passive Boxes

BH2 76-0159 LE10026 Shock Generator with Scrambler,0-2 mA Output




65

ShutAvoid Software for Active & Passive Avoidance

SHUTAVOID SoftwareSHUTAVOID software is an implemented version of the Panlab/HarvardApparatus SHUTTLE-8 software offering a user-friendly interface to conductActive and Passive Avoidance procedures in an automated manner.

The Software SHUTAVOID controls up to 8 Shuttle Boxes or Passive Cagesindependently. The software detects how many cages are physically presentand activates the corresponding windows. The system includes a test modeto enables immediate and reliable checking of the box features to ensure allof the elements of the experimental chamber are functioning.

The program controls the presentation of visual and acoustic stimuliand shock duration, at the same time that it records the position of theexperimental animal in each compartment of the experimental cage,deciding about stimuli presentation accordingly.

Unlimited number of schedules can be defined and used either by common ordifferent experimental cages. The protocol editor allows the configuration ofall the basic parameters necessary to set an active and passive avoidanceexperiment: habituation period, duration of the inter-trial interval (fixed orrandomized), activation and duration of the conditioned stimulus (light,sound or both), activation, latency and duration of the unconditioned stimulus(electrical shock), latency for considering the response as “null”, door status(open/closed), number of trials, cut-off time for response etc…

The program runs automatically when the animal is detected in the cage(independently for each cage). During the acquisition of data, informationabout the protocol state, animal position and current data can be visualizedfor each cage on the corresponding control window.

Data related to each of the observed animal responses are stored into resultfiles that pick up the information acquired during the working session. The datafiles can be open and re-analyzed to generate ASCII-coded reports in which theinformation is summarized for each trial or groups of trials (user-defined).

Key Features� Good for both Active and Passive Avoidance

� Experimental chambers can be controlled independently

� Our unique test mode enables immediate and reliablebox checking

� The program runs automatically when the animal is detectedin the cage

� Animal position and current data can be visualized online

� Provides integrated data

� Analyze data in user-defined intervals of time

Parameters Measured� Number and latency of conditioned responses(Active Avoidance)

� Number and latency of unconditioned responses(Active Avoidance)

� Number and latency of null responses (Active Avoidance)

� Number and latency of responses during intertrial(Active Avoidance)

� Number of compartment crossing during the intertrial interval(Active Avoidance)

� Mean of the responses latencies (Active Avoidance)

� Latency to enter into the black compartment(Passive Avoidance)

Components Included� Software CD with USB protection key




software species is hardware specific

Related Hardware

� Shuttle Box, see pages 63 – 64

� Passive Avoidance Box, see pages 80 – 81


ShutAvoid Software for Active & Passive Avoidance (continued)

CitationsDagnino-Subiabre A et al. (2009) Chronic stress induces dendritic atrophy in the rat medial geniculatenucleus: Effects on auditory conditioning. 203(1):88-96. (fear conditioning, rat, Chile, USA)Johannesson M et al. (2009) A resource for the simultaneous high-resolution mapping of multiplequantitative trait loci in rats: The NIH heterogeneous stock. Genome Res. 19:150-158. (rat, Spain)Lopez-Aumatell R et al. (2009) Unlearned anxiety predicts learned fear: A comparison amongheterogeneous rats and the Roman rat strains. Behav. Brain. Res. 202(1):92-101. (active avoidance,rat, Spain)Mendez M et al. (2009) Associative learning deficit in two experimental models of hepaticencephalopathy. Behav. Brain Res. 198(2):346-351. (active and passive avoidance, rat, Spain)Martin-Garcia et al (2008) Neonatal finasteride induces anxiogenic-like profile and deterioratespassive avoidance in adulthood after intrahippocampal neurosteroid administration. Neuroscience.154(4):1497-1505 (rat, Spain)

SpecificationsComputer Requirements 2 GHz processor or higher (Celeron processor

not supported), 2 Gb of RAM, 1 free USB for theprotection key; 1 free RS-232 serial port for boxesconnection (a USB-Serial adapter included in thesoftware pack can be used when a RS-232 serialport is not available)




Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0202 ShutAvoid PC Software to Control up to 8 Shuttle Boxes

or Passive Avoidance Boxes




67

Circular Pool for Evaluating Learning and Memory

Key Features� Polyproylene pool

� Complete system, all in one station (water pump, thermostatand tubing all included)

� Control box controlling the water temperature (thermostatedbetween 22-32˚C depending of the environmental conditions)

� Easily adaptable platform size depending of the animal size

� Support with 4 wheels for better displacement

� Ideal environment to carry out the Morris and Aquatic RadialMaze studies

Components Included� Circular pool with support (with wheels for easier displacement)

� Water pump

� Heater, electro valve and level controller

� Set of 2 target islands

� Set of 2 spare fuses


� 2 year warranty

Circular PoolMorris Water Maze is for spatial working memory studies. The circularpool is manufactured in polypropylene and stands on a support withfour wheels for easier displacement.

Panlab/Harvard Apparatus proposes a complete solution for watermaze settings since the heater, the water circulation pump, the levelcontroller and the electro valve for pool filling are containing in aunique control box. The level controller acts directly on the electrovalve, turning it off when the liquid arrives to the corresponding height.The water temperature is thermostated between 22°C and 32°Cdepending on the environmental room temperature. Two easilyinterchangeable platforms are supplied (80 and 110 mm) that can belocated anywhere in the pool.

For Aquatic Radial Water Maze, a removable-floating eight radial-armmaze structure and associated platforms can be provided upon request.

Both Morris and Radial Water Mazes may be associated with our Video-Tracking Systems for detection and analysis of animal displacements andbehavior throughout the test. Please refer to chart below.

Circular Pool

Atlantis

Parameter Measured Video TrackingSystem Suggested

Latency Time to Raise the Target/Platform SMART & Smart JUNIOR

Permanence Time and Distance Travelledin Quadrants

SMART & Smart JUNIOR

Total Distance Travelled SMART & Smart JUNIOR

Latency Time to the First Entrance toTarget/Platform


Target/Platform Crossings SMART & Smart JUNIOR

Resting/Floating Time withUser-Defined Threshold


Stopping Time on Target/Platform SMART

Wishaw's Error SMART

Mean Directionality SMART

Average Distance to Target/Platform SMART

Chronological Sequence of the Visitsin the Zones

SMART

Permanence Time in Each Arm SMART

Number of Entries Into Each Arm SMART

Distance Travelled in Each Arm SMART

And Other Integrated Parameters Not DirectlyRelated to Water Maze Experiment

SMART


Circular Pool for Evaluating Learning and Memory (continued)

CitationsArqué G et al. (2008) Impaired Spatial Learning Strategies and Novel Object Recognition in MiceHaploinsufficient for the Dual Specificity Tyrosine-Regulated Kinase-1A (Dyrk1A). PLoS ONE 3(7):e2575. (water maze, mouse Spain)Ruiz-Medina J et al. (2008) Intracranial self-stimulation facilitates a spatial learning andmemory task in the Morris water maze. Neuroscience. 154(2): 424-430. (water maze, rat, Spain)Zhang T et al . (2007) Impairments in water maze learning of aged rats that received dextromethorphanrepeatedly during adolescent period. Psychopharmacol. 191(1):171-179 (rat, South Korea)Cho HJ et al. (2006) Repetitive dextromethorphan at adolescence affects water maze learning infemal rats. Int. J. Neurosci. 116(2): 91-101 (water maze, rat, Korea)Zhang TY et al. (2006) Impairments in water maze learning of aged rats that receiveddextromethorphan repeatedly during adolescent period. Psychopharmacol. 5 in process(water maze, rat, South Korea)Gimenez-Llort L et al. (2005) Mice lacking the adenosine A1 receptor have normal spatial learningand plasticity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, but they habituate more slowly. Synapse. 57(1):8-16. (mouse, Spain, USA, Sweden)Calza L et al. (2003) Neural stem cells and cholinergic neurons: regulation by immunolesion andtreatment with mitogens, retinoic acid, and nerve growth factor. PNAS 100(12): 7325-7330. (rat, Italy)Anisman H and McIntyre DC (2002) Conceptual, spacial, and cue learning in the morris water maze infast or slow kindling rats: attention deficit comorbidity. J. Neurosci. 22(17):7809-7817. (rat, Canada)Altafaj et al. (2001) Neurodevelopmental delay, motor abnormalities and cognitive deficits intransgenic mice overexpressing Dyrk1A (minibrain), a murine model of Down's syndrome. Human Mol.Genetics 10(18): 1915-1923. (Morris water maze, mouse, Spain)Wickman K et al. (2000) Brain localization and behavioral impact of the G-protein-gated K+ channelsubunit GIRK4. J. Neurosci. 20(15): 5608-5615. (mouse, USA)

Economy Circular PoolsHarvard Apparatus also offers an economy line of circular pools.These economy models feature:

• Pools nested in a custom swivel caster cart with wheel brakes

• Elevated to make the pool more accessible

• Side drains for quick emptying and clean up

• Island set included - 4" diameter x 12" height

SpecificationsHeater Intensity 3000 W

Heating Speed 3° celsius / hour (model LE820-200)

Temperature 22-32 degrees celsius (depending on environment)

Power Requirements 110/220 V / 50Hz


Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0020 LE820-90* Circular Pool; 90 cm (D) 50 cm (H)

BH2 76-0021 LE820-120* Circular Pool; 120 cm (D) 60 cm (H)




* Including Heater, water pump, level controller, electro valve and LE820-500 Island Se

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0025 LE820-500 Island Set (110 and 80 mm Diameter Platforms)

BH2 76-0026 LE820-300 Automatic Island 'Atlantis' (controlled bySmart Video Tracking Software)

BH2 76-0027 LE772 Aquatic Radial Maze

BH2 76-0028 SMART Advanced Video-Tracking Software*

BH2 76-0029 SMART JUNIOR Standard Video-Tracking Software

* Requires BH2 76-0501 Frame Grabber Board Order # Model ProductBH2 72-6055 60135 Economy Water Maze, Mouse

(4 ft diameter)

BH2 72-6056 60136 Economy Water Maze, Mouse/Rat(5 ft diameter)

BH2 72-6059 60235 Economy Water Maze, Rat(6 ft diameter)




69

Radial Maze for Evaluating Working and Reference Memory

Key Features� Allows automated standard experiments

� Different possibilities of control for opening and closing thedoors (manual or automated)

� Different possibilities for animal detection (photoelectriccells or video-tracking)

� Mounted on a tripod of adjustable height

Components Included� Radial Maze

� LE766/8 Control unit (except LE760 and LE762)

� PCI interface (only when LE766/8 in combination withMAZESOFT-8 or SMART)

� 8 food baskets (one at each arm's end)

� Tripod

� 2 year warranty

Radial MazeOur Eight Arms Radial Maze is extensively used in behaviorallaboratories for evaluating spatial memory but also non-spatial memoryassociated with motivational cues (classically food).

The Panlab/Harvard Apparatus Radial Maze consists in a central areawith eight sliding doors giving access to eight equally-sized arms. Themaze, made of black plexiglas, is mounted on a tripod with adjustableheight (1m max). Each arm has lateral walls with a height higher on theproximal side of the arm than on the distal side. On the distal extremeof each arm, a detachable recessed cup can be installed or replacedby cover (all included).

The sliding doors can be opened and closed manually or automatically,with two options in both cases.

• Manual doors operation can be made by the user in-site, bymeans of a mechanical thread system with pulley or off-site, byusing a control unit with eight switches, one for each sliding door.

• Automated doors operation can be controlled by the animalposition throughout the test using the MAZESOFT-8 softwareassociated with photoelectrical cell mounted on the RadialMaze and the corresponding control units, or using the SMARTVideo-Tracking System.

A water version of our Radial Maze is also available (see our circularpool product pages 67 and 68 - or contact us for more details).

Radial Maze

SpecificationsRadial Maze Dimensions:

Rat (W) x 1690 (D) x 1250/1450 (H) mm

Mouse (W) x 867 (D) x 1250/1450 (H) mm

Position DetectionTechnique

IR beams in the arms, weight cell in thecentral island or SMART Video Tracking

Sliding Doors Operation Manually or automated w/MAZESOFT-8 or SMART


Aquatic Radial MazeDimensions

138 (W) x on request (D) x 250 (H) mm

Power Requirement 110/220 V, 50/60 Hz


Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0227 LE760 Standard Radial Maze, Rat

BH2 76-0228 LE762 Standard Radial Maze, Mouse

BH2 76-0229 LE767* Automated Radial Maze, Rat with SMART

BH2 76-0230 LE769* Automated Radial Maze, Mouse with SMART

BH2 76-0231 LE766 Automated Radial Maze, Rat(requires MAZESOFT-8)

BH2 76-0232 LE768 Automated Radial Maze, Mouse(requires MAZESOFT-8)

BH2 76-0027 LE772 Aquatic Radial Maze (To Be Used Along withCircular Pool, Must be Ordered Separately)

* Includes PCI7200 when SMART is to control the sliding doors

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0028 SMART SMART Video-Tracking Software

BH2 76-0144 MAZESOFT-8 MAZESOFT-8 Software

Parameter Measured MonitoringSystem Suggested

Chronological sequence of animalpositioning in the radial maze

MazeSoft-8 and SMART

Time of entry in each zone MazeSoft-8 and SMART

Current position MazeSoft-8 and SMART

Total number of entries in each zone MazeSoft-8 and SMART

Total number of reference and working memory MazeSoft-8 and SMART

Other integrated parameters: number of visitsinto the arms, response latency, etc…

MazeSoft-8


Key Features� Complete and easy to-use for standard experiment

� Use of photoelectrical cell technology for animalposition detection

� Manual or automatic control of the doors

� Provides integrated parameters (number of errors, number ofdistinct arms visited, etc)

� Data reports can be reorganized according to factors entered inthe trial header (animal, groups, etc)

� Data exportation to Excel

Parameters Measured� Duration of the experiment

� Current position of the animal

� Number of working memory errors (repeated “visit” in thebaited arms)

� Number of reference memory (number of “visit” in theunbaited arms)

� Total number of visited arms

� Response latency (total duration of the experiment / totalnumber of visited arms)

� Number of different arms visited during the experiment(between 0 and 8)

� Number of arms visited until an 'error' (last arm visited included)

� List table showing the chronological order of the visited armsand entries into the arms

� List table showing the chronological order of the entries intothe different zones of the radial maze

Components Included� Software CD andUSB protection key

� PCI-7200



MAZESOFT-8MAZESOFT-8 SoftwareMAZESOFT-8 is complete and easy-to-use software for monitoringradial maze experiments. It has been specially designed to work with thePanlab/Harvard Apparatus Radial Maze and is equipped with rows ofinfrared photocells for the automated detection of animal position.

The software allows for the full control of the arm doors eithermanually (by means of a button panel in the computer screen) orautomatically, when a trained subject is being tested.

MAZESOFT-8 allows the user setting any of the standard protocols forthe study of working and reference memory in laboratory animals. Theprotocols are easy to configure, the user only has to enter someimportant parameters: designation of the baited arms, conditions tostop the experiments, time-interval between each trial, doorsmonitoring mode, criterion for considering the arm visited. Eachprotocol configuration can be saved and opened for use whennecessary. A “trial header” can be use for recording all the necessaryinformation associated with the current experiment (code of trial,experimenter, challenge, dose, subject identification, comments).

In MAZESOFT-8, the maze is virtually divided into 17 sections: 8 equallysized arms (each one divided into proximal and distal section) and acentral area. One experiment can be composed of several trials,depending on the number of experimental groups and animals pergroup used in the study. The system considers an arm being visitedwhen the subject has been detected in the distal part of the arm.During each trial, the elapsed time, permanence time in each area andcurrent position of the animal can be visualized in real-time. Real-timeinformation about the animal position and the number of visits made arealso graphically shown on the screen. A Runtime data panel shows thecumulated number of working and reference memory errors togetherwith other important data (response latency, number and list of visitsand entries into the arms etc.)

MAZESOFT-8 provides a summary data table containing the completeinformation about each session (subject name, group, date) togetherwith all the integrated data of interest. The tables of session can bereorganized before exportation according to parameters previouslyentered in the trial header (by subjects, by groups, by experimenter,etc). Data from the summary database as well as the detailedchronological listing of the animal positions for each session can beeasily exported to Excel.


MAZESOFT-8 Software for Learning and Memory

SpecificationsComputerRequirements

2 GHz processor or higher (Celeron processornot supported), 2 Gb of RAM with PCI 32-bit busmaster expansion slot available and 1 free USBfor the protection key.


256 colors palette graphics card for 1024x768pixels, 32-bit true colour RGB display.


Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0144 MAZESOFT-8 MAZESOFT-8 SoftwareRelated Hardware

� Radial Maze, see page 69



Panlab | Harvard Apparatus • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.comHarvard Apparatus • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax

71

Startle and Fear Combined System

Key Features� Combined system for startle/freezing

� Combined system for mice/rats

� Weight transducer sensitivity optimized

� Different spacial context configurations available for fearconditioning paradigms

� Accurate and traceable data

� No PCI cards required - has USB connection, one cable links all!

Parameters Measured� Time of experiment at which each inactivity event hasoccurred (FREEZING)

� Duration of each inactivity event (FREEZING)

� Summary table of the total amount of freezing in each state ofthe experiment (FREEZING)

� Number and duration of freezing episodes in each user-definedintervals of time (FREEZING)

� Maximum amplitude of startle response (STARTLE)

� Latency until the maximum amplitude of startle response(STARTLE)

� Duration of the startle response (STARTLE)

� Latency until the beginning of the startle response (STARTLE)

� Average of the startle response (STARTLE)

� Mean startle values for each trial type (STARTLE)

Components Included� Experimental Chamber

� Sound Proof Box

� Load cell amplifier

� Station interface


� 2 year warranty

Startle and Fear Combined System

Startle and Fear Combined SystemThe StartFear Combined system is a polyvalent system for conductingboth fear conditioning and startle reflex experiments in one enclosure,regardless of the species (from 15 g to 500 g).

The StartFear system allows recording and analysis of the signalgenerated by the animal movement through our unique high sensitivityweight transducer system.

The analog signal is transmitted to the FREEZING and STARTLEsoftware modules through the load cell unit for recording purposesand posterior analysis in terms of activity/immobility (FREEZING) orstartle response characterization (STARTLE).

An additional interface associated with corresponding hardwareallows controlling the stimuli (light, sounds, shock, air puff) from theSTARTLE and FREEZING software modules.

The StartFear cage is made with black methacrylate walls and atransparent front door. In fear conditioning experiment, the walls, coverand floor can be of different materials or colors. A transparent cylindercan be placed into the experimental chamber in order to modify thecontextual spatial perception of the subject during the test phase.

Options� Shock Generator

� Air Puff Unit

� STARTLE Software

� FREEZING Software


Startle and Fear Combined System (continued)

CitationsViosca J et al. (2009) Enhanced CREB-dependent gene expression increases the excitabilityof neurons in the basal amygdala and primes the consolidation of contextual and cued fear memory.Learn Mem. 16(3):198-209. (Fear conditioning, mice, Spain)Markram K et al. (2008) Abnormal fear conditioning and amygdala processing in an animal model ofautism. Neuropsychopharmacology. 33(4):90-112. (Rats, Switzerland)Cordero MI et al. (2007) Stress amplifies memory for social hierarchy. Front. Neurosci. 1(1): 175-184(rat, Switzerland)Lopez-Fernandez MA et al. (2007) Upregulation of Polysialylated Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule inthe Dorsal Hippocampus after Contextual Fear Conditioning Is Involved in Long-Term MemoryFormation. The Journal of Neuroscience. 27(17): 4552-4561. (Rats, France, Switzerland)Markram K et al. (2007) Amygdala upregulation of NCAM polysialylation induced by auditory fearconditioning is not required for memory formation, but plays a role in fear extinction.Neurobiology of learning and memory. 87(4): 573-582. (Rats, Switzerland)Poirier R et al. (2007) Paradoxical role of an Egr transcription factor family member, Egr2/Krox20, inlearning and memory Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 1(art 6): 1-12. (Mice, France)Toledo-Rodriguez M et al. (2007) Stress before puberty exerts a sex- and age-related impact onauditory and contextual fear conditioning in the rat. Neural Plast. In Press. (Rats, Switzerland)Markram K et al. (2006) Selective learning and memory impairments in mice deficient forpolysialylated NCAM in adulthood. Neuroscience. 144(3): 788-796. (Mice, Switzerland)

SpecificationsChamber Dimensions 250 (W) x 250 (D) x 250 (H) mm




Sounds Frequencyand Amplitude

PrePulse/pulse: adjustable from 200 to10000 Hz -max 120 dB; white noise: from 60 to 120 dB



Soundproof BoxDimensions

670 (W) x 530 (D) x 550 (H) mm

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0280 LE116 FREEZING AND STARTLE Threshold Sensor

including Sound Attenuating Box

BH2 76-0235 LE117M Mouse Holder for Startle Reflex(Animal Weight Required)

BH2 76-0236 LE117R Rat Holder for Startle Reflex(Animal Weight Required)

BH2 76-0281 LE111 Load Cell Amplifier (One for Each Chamber)

BH2 76-0282 LE118 Stimuli Interface Unit (1 Chamber)

BH2 76-0283 LE1188 Stimuli Interface Unit (up to 8 Chambers)

BH2 76-0284 STARTLE Software to Control up to 8 Stationsfor Startle Reflex Studies

BH2 76-0099 FREEZING Software to Control up to 8 Stationsfor Fear Conditioning Studies

BH2 76-0404 FREEZINGGLP Freezing SW-GLP

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0159 LE10026 Shock Generator with Scrambler,0-2 mA Output

BH2 76-0286 LE119 Air Puff Unit

BH2 76-0328 LE115 Contextual Kit for Fear Conditioning




73

STARTLE Software for Automated Startle Reflex Studies

Key Features� Optimized animal movement detection for small animals!

� Versatile software allowing the configuration of a widevariety of protocols

� Sound frequency and amplitude controlled by software

� Synchronized running

� Provides a subject database as an alternative to manuallymanaging subject information

� Provides traceable data for GPL compliance

� Records and stores the analog signals for further analysis

� No PCI cards required - has USB connection

Parameters Measured� Maximum amplitude of startle response

� Latency until the maximum amplitude of startle response

� Duration of startle response

� Latency until the beginning of startle response

� Average of the startle response

� Mean startle values for each trial type

Components Included� Software CD




Options� Tailor-made experimental configuration setups upon request

STARTLE softwareSTARTLE is powerful and user-friendly software featuring a protocoleditor. This allows the experimenter to build a wide variety of differentprotocols enabling the configuration of both standard (startle reflexhabituation, prepulse inhibition of startle reflex, fear-potentiated startlereflex) and unusual user-defined protocols.

The software can run up to 8 chambers simultaneously and in asynchronized manner. The software also provides standardized data(maximum amplitude and latency to maximum) in an automated manner.Two activity thresholds can also be set for an accurate user-controlledevaluation of additional such as duration, average or latency to theonset response.

The run window shows the signal chart and corresponding raw datatable online for every chamber. In each table, information about thestatus of the protocol is shown, together with the importantparameters of the execution. Both signal chart and raw data table canbe saved and reloaded for recalculating parameters using differentactivity thresholds.

As required in the Good Practices of Laboratory (GPL) directives andinstruction, STARTLE has been built in order to obtain traceable data: i.e.each session recorded can be linked to the corresponding experimentaldata (date, experimenter, animal data, protocol used, etc.).


CitationsViosca J et al. (2009) Germline expression of H-RasG12V causes neurological deficits associated toCostello syndrome. Genes, Brain and Behavior. 8(1):60-71. (Startle, mouse, Spain)Ortiz-Abalia J et al. (2008) Targeting Dyrk1A with AAVshRNA attenuates motor alterations in TgDyrk1A, amouse model of Down syndrome. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83(4):479-88. (Startle, mouse, Spain)

SpecificationsComputerRequirements

2 GHz processor or higher (Celeron processor notsupported), 2 Gb of RAM, 1 free USB for theprotection key; 1 free RS-232 serial port for boxesconnection (a USB-Serial adapter included in thesoftware pack can be used when a RS-232 serialport is not available)



System Requirements Windows® XP (SP2 or Higher), Vista 32 – PCintegrated standard sound card (DirectXcompatible, RMS at least 0.5 Volts)

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0284 STARTLE Software to Control up to 8 Stations

for Startle Reflex Studies

Related Hardware

� Combined Startle and Fear System, see pages 71 – 72


FREEZING Software for Automated Fear Conditioning

Key Features� Optimized animal movement detection for small animals

� Versatile software allowing the configuration of awide variety of protocols

� Sound frequency and amplitude controlled by software

� Synchronized running

� Provides a subject database as an alternative to manuallymanaging subject information

� Provides traceable data for GPL compliance

� Records and stores the analog signals for further analysis

� No PCI cards required - has USB connection

Parameters Measured� Onset time for each freezing event

� Duration of each freezing event

� Summary table for the total freezing in each stateof the experiment

� Number and duration of freezing episodes in eachuser-defined interval of time





Options� Tailor-made experimental configuration setups upon request

FREEZING SoftwareFREEZING is a powerful and user-friendly tool for conducting fearconditioning experiments in rodents.

The FREEZING protocol editor allows the experimenter to build a widevariety of protocols enabling the configuration of both standard(context-dependent fear conditioning, tone-dependent fearconditioning) and unusual user-defined protocols.

The software can run up to 8 chambers simultaneously and in asynchronized manner. Two thresholds can be set for the detection ofthe animal freezing behavior: activity (for differentiating immobility fromactivity) and time (for eliminating any non-specific freezing episodewhich duration is lower than an user-defined duration).

The run window shows the signal chart and corresponding raw data tableonline for every chamber. In each table, information about the status of theprotocol is shown, together with the important parameters of the execution.Both signal chart and raw data table can be saved and reloaded forrecalculating parameters using different activity and time thresholds.

As required in the Good Practices of Laboratory (GPL) directives andinstruction, FREEZING has been built in order to obtain traceable data:i.e. each session recorded can be linked to the correspondingexperimental data (date, experimenter, animal data, protocol used, etc.).

CitationsViosca J et al. (2009) Enhanced CREB-dependent gene expression increases the excitability ofneurons in the basal amygdala and primes the consolidation of contextual and cued fear memory.Learn Mem. 16(3):198-209. (Fear conditioning, mice, Spain)Markram K et al. (2008) Abnormal fear conditioning and amygdala processing in an animal model ofautism. Neuropsychopharmacology. 33(4):90-112. (Rats, Switzerland)Cordero MI et al. (2007) Stress amplifies memory for social hierarchy. Front. Neurosci. 1(1): 175-184(rat, Switzerland)Lopez-Fernandez MA et al. (2007) Upregulation of Polysialylated Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule inthe Dorsal Hippocampus after Contextual Fear Conditioning Is Involved in Long-Term MemoryFormation. The Journal of Neuroscience. 27(17): 4552-4561. (Rats, France, Switzerland)Markram K et al. (2007) Amygdala upregulation of NCAM polysialylation induced by auditory fearconditioning is not required for memory formation, but plays a role in fear extinction. Neurobiology oflearning and memory. 87(4): 573-582. (Rats, Switzerland)






System Requirements Windows® XP (SP2 or Higher), Vista 32 – PCintegrated standard sound card (DirectXcompatible, RMS at least 0.5 Volts)

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0099 FREEZING Software to Control up to 8 Stations for Fear

Conditioning Studies

Related Hardware

� Combined Startle and Freezing System, see pages 71 – 72




75

Modular Operant Box for Operant Conditioning

Key Features� Entirely modular system

� Easily transformed between rat and mouse chamber

� Reduced number of cables

� Possibility of customization

� Up to 8 stations can be connected at once to PC througha single cable

� No PCI cards required - has USB connection, one cable links all!

Parameters Measured� Number of responses (LE 85XCT)

� Number of reinforcements (LE 85XCT)

� Many user-defined parameters (PackWin software)

Components Included� Operant Chamber (mouse or rat)



� 2 year warranty

Options� Link Box (power connection box for up to 8 modules)

� Wide range of modules

� Sound Attenuating Box

� MPS push button

� Experiment programming unit (with ratio and intervalschedules and shocker)

� PackWin software

Modular Operant BoxOur Modular Operant Chamber is an entirely modular experimentalenclosure designed to conduct operant conditioning procedures (e.g.food reinforcement, DMTS, conflict tests, self-administration, etc).

The operant chamber is an entirely modular structure which allowscomplete disassembling or rearrangement to build a new space ofdifferent dimensions/components or to enable storage in the minimumspace. It can be easily transformed from rat chamber to chamber (orvice versa).

A front door offers total accessibility inside the chamber. The mousewalls and cover can be of different material or color, since they aretotally removable.

Each chamber is associated with a Link Box which provides power to upto 8 (expandable to 16) Operant Modules (levers, lights, sound,dispensers, electrical shock) conferring to the chambers a full autonomy.

Special accessories are provided for self-administration procedures.

Only one cable connects the Link Box to the LE85XCT Programmer orPC (PackWin Software), this last for advanced protocol configurationand running.

Modular Operant Behavior System


For set-ups greater than 8 stations, pleasecontact technical support for assistance.NOTE

Modular Operant Box for Operant Conditioning (continued)

CitationsHayat Harati M et al. (2009) Attention and memory in aged rats: impact of lifelongenvironmental enrichment. Neurobiology of aging. In Press. (5CSRT, rat, France)Hernandez-Rabaza V et al. (2009) Inhibition of adult hippocampal neurogenesis disrupts contextuallearning but spares spatial working memory, long-term conditional rule retention and spatial reversal.Neuroscience. 159(1):59-68. (NMTP procedures, rat, Spain)Augustin-Pavon C et al (2008) Sex versus sweet: Opposite effects of opioid drugs on the reward ofsucrose and sexual pheromones. Behav. Neurosci. 122(2): 416-425. (sucrose preference, mice, Spain)Hernández-Rabaza et al. (2008) The hippocampal dentate gyrus is essential for generating contextualmemories of fear and drug-induced reward. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 90(3):553-559.(Fear conditioning, rat, Spain)Pellon R et al. (2007) Pharmacological analysis of the effects of benzodiazepines on punishedschedule-induced polydipsia in rats. Behav. Pharmacol. 18(1): 81-87. (Punished schedule-induceddrinking, rats, Spain)Pérez-Padilla A, Pellón R (2006) Level of response supresión and amphetamine effects on negativelypunished adjunctive licking. Behav. Pharmacol. 17(1): 43-49. (Punished schedule-induced drinking,rats, Spain)Conejo NM et al. (2005) Brain metabolism after extended training in fear conditioning task.Psicothema. 17(4): 563-568 (disruption of lever pressing in fear conditioning task, Rat, Spain)Manrique T et al. (2005) Early learning failure impairs adult learning in rats. Dev. Pshychobiol. 46(4):340-349. (Rat, Spain).Toro JM et al. (2005) Backward Speech and Speaker Variability in Language Discrimination by Rats. J.Exp. Psychol. 31(1): 95–100. (rat, Spain)Lopez-Moreno JA et al. (2004) Long-lasting increase of alcohol relapse by the cannabinoid receptoragonist WIN 55,212-2 during alcohol deprivation. J. Neurosci. 24(38): 8245-8252. (ethanol self-administration, rat, spain)Pérez-Padilla A, Pellón R (2003) Amphetamine increases schedule-induced drinking reduced bynegative punishment procedures. Psychopharmacol. 167(2): 123-129. (Punished schedule-induceddrinking, rats, Spain)Burgal M et al. (1988) Asymmetric incorporation of [14C]cyanate and of fluorescein isothiocyanate inmamillary body of conditioned rats. Neurochem. Res. 13(5): 435-442. (learning, Rat)Cuomo V et al. (1983) Behavioral and biochemical effects in the adult rat after prolonged postnataladministration of haloperidol. Psychopharmacol. 81(3): 239-243. (Differential reinforcement of lowrate schedule, rat, Italy)Cuomo V et al. (1981) Enduring behavioral and biochemical effects in the adult rat after prolongedpostnatal administration of haloperidol. Psychopharmacol. 74(2): 166-169. (Differential reinforcementof low rate schedule, rat, Italy)

SpecificationsBase Dimensions 440 (W) x 360 (D) x 35 (H) mm

Working Area (Mouse) 200 (W) x 200 (D) x 250 (H) mm

Working Area (Rat) 250 (W) x 250 (D) x 250 (H) mm

Material Composition Stainless steel, aluminum and methacrylate


Maximum Numberof Stations(When Working with PC)



No need of PC interfaces! Direct connectionthrough one cable!


Order # Model Product

STANDARD, PRECONFIGURED OPTIONS

BH2 76-0146 LE1002CP Operant Chamber Setup for Mice IncludingPellets Dispenser, Lever, Light Stimuli, MiceShock Grid and LINK BOX 01

BH2 76-0148 LE1005CP Operant Chamber Setup for Rats IncludesPellets Dispenser, Lever, Light Stimuli, RatShock Grid and LINK BOX 01

BH2 76-0147 LE1002CL Operant Chamber Setup for Mice IncludesDrop Liquid Dispenser, Lever, Light Stimuli,Mice Shock Grid and LINK BOX 01

BH2 76-0149 LE1005CL Operant Chamber Setup for Rats IncludesDrop Liquid Dispenser, Lever, Light Stimuli,Rat Shock Grid and LINK BOX 01

Contact Technical Support for the Broad List of Additional Modulesfor our Modular Operant Chambers!To customize your own system, select options below:

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0151 LE1002 Modular Mice Operant Chamber

BH2 76-0152 LE1005 Modular Rats Operant Chamber

BH2 76-0153 LE100201 Mice Shockable Grid

BH2 76-0154 LE100501 Rats Shockable Grid

BH2 76-0155 LE1050 MPS Push Button for LE85XCT

BH2 76-0156 LINKBOX01 Link & Power for up to 8 Modules

BH2 76-0157 LE26 Sound Attenuating Box

BH2 76-0158 LE85XCT PROGRAMMER with Ratio & IntervalSchedules and Shocker

BH2 76-0159 LE10026 Shock Generator with Scrambler,0 - 2 mA Output

BH2 76-0002 PACKWIN PC software to Control up to8 Operant Chambers

BH2 76-0160 LE1010 Harness Set for Electrical Stimulation

BH2 76-0161 LE12605 Electrical Stimulator

BH2 70-2208 – Pump 11 Plus




77

PackWin Software

Parameters Measured� Number of response (nose-spoke, lever pressing etc.) for thewhole session or by user-defined interval of time

� Latency of response

� Number of reinforcement given (food, drug, drink, shock etc.)

� Number of trials made

� Total duration of the experiment

� Cumulated curve graphs

� Response pattern graphs

� Built-in 5/9 hole experiments report (number of correct,incorrect, premature, anticipated responses and omission,choice accuracy etc.)

Key Features� NEW simplified user-interface

� NEW time-saving batch analysis and built-in reports

� NEW Includes our unique new Virtual Box, a specific box test paneland simulator

� Combines sophistication with straightforwardness

� Maximal flexibility provided without requiring any specificknowledge in programming

� Cumulated and response pattern graphs

� Simplified communications to hardware

� Subject Data Base

� Result traceability

Components Included� Software installation CD




Options� Tailor-made Experimental Configuration Setups upon request

* Contact us for more information about set-ups larger than 8 stations.

Packwin System


PackWin SoftwarePackWin is a user-friendly and versatile software developed for theWindows platform. This software offers a powerful, yetstraightforward, tool for developing an unmatched range ofexperiments in different types of behavior chambers; typically those foroperant conditioning, self-administration and procedures using thenine-hole box.

The user-interface of PackWin has been recently re-designed,providing even greater flexibility and simplicity, turning the system intoan attractive tool for both experienced and for non experienced users.This software does not require previous knowledge in programming!

The different options of the PackWin protocol editor allow the user tobuild a wide variety of different protocols. It enables the configurationof basic programs for operant procedure (fixed and variable ratio, fixedor variable interval, fixed or variable DRL, positive and negativereinforcement, extinction, probability to obtain a reinforcement, etc.)with or without discriminative stimuli (light, sound) as well as morespecific and complex user-defined protocols (conflict, DMTS, 5 choiceserial reaction task etc.). New assistant panels are now available forthe configuration of 5-choice serial reaction task procedures!

The software can run up to 32 chambers depending on thecharacteristics of the associated chamber. In addition, each chambercan run independently from the rest of the selected chambers or in asynchronized manner. Desired protocols can be selected separatelyfor each chamber.

The registered sessions can be re-analyzed for generating all thereports and graphs typically needed when conducting operantbehavior studies (summary data report with 1 row by subject, responseby time report, historic events report, cumulated curve graph,response pattern plot). Individual and batch analyses are facilitated ina new advanced analysis panel in which the user can process theregistered sessions using different time settings (full session, user-defined start and stop time, session split in different interval time ofanalysis). Raw data tables can be stored in Excel format for furtheranalysis. All graphs are directly exportable to image format andassociated raw data to XLS format.

Unique to only our system! PackWin now provides the option ofrunning experiment with virtual boxes! This new enhancement allowsthe user to configure and verify the protocols created anywhere -without requiring direct connection with the real boxes. This newfeature is also perfect for teaching purposes!

As required in the Good Practices of Laboratory (GPL) directives andinstruction, PackWin has been built in order to obtain traceable data: i.e.each session recorded can be linked to the corresponding experimentaldata (date, experimenter, animal data, protocol used, etc.).


PackWin Software (continued)

CitationHayat Harati M et al. (2009) Attention and memory in aged rats: impact of lifelong environmentalenrichment. Neurobiology of aging. In Press. (5CSRT, rat, France)Hernandez-Rabaza V et al. (2009) Inhibition of adult hippocampal neurogenesis disrupts contextuallearning but spares spatial working memory, long-term conditional rule retention and spatial reversal.Neuroscience. 159(1):59-68. (NMTP procedures, rat, Spain)Augustin-Pavon C et al (2008) Sex versus sweet: Opposite effects of opioid drugs on the reward ofsucrose and sexual pheromones. Behav. Neurosci. 122(2): 416-425. (sucrose preference, mice, Spain)

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0002 PACKWIN PC Software to Control up to 8 Experimental

Chambers






Related Hardware

� Modular Operant Box, see pages 75 – 76

� Vogel Test, see page 93

� 5/9 Hole Box, see page 79

� Self Administration Box, see page 101




79

Learning, Memory & Attention5/9 Holes for Attention Performance

The nine-hole box is assembled with black aluminum walls and atransparent front door. The box is equipped with an arc of 9 contiguousapertures set into the rear wall, a house light, a food pellet dispenserand a ‘pusher’ to detect the nose-pokes into the food holder. The holesnot used in the experiment may be blocked up using a metal insert. Eachhole is equipped with photocell beams and internal LED providing visualcues specific to each hole. The intensity of the LED can be adjusted inLink Box using the digital selector. The box is placed on a stainless-steelplatform and the associated tray is easily removable to clean.

Panlab/Harvard Apparatus also offers an optimized nine-holes box forperforming test in mice. This new box is supplied with 9 pelletdispensers in order to give the reward directly into the right stimulushole when a correct response is fulfilled.

All Panlab/Harvard Apparatus nine-hole boxes are associated with thepotent and versatile PackWin software in order to control the experiment(protocol configuration, experiment running) and obtain relevant data suchas correct responses, incorrect responses, omissions,prematureresponses, perseverant responses, time out responses, totalreceptacle head entries, etc.

Different experimental paradigms for sustained attention, animalmodels of impulsive behavior and lateralized-discrimination task canbe conducted using the nine-hole box.

As an example, in the 5-choice serial reaction time task, short-lastingstimuli are given in pseudo-randomized order in one of the holes of thecage (commonly, hole 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9). If the animal nose-pokes into thecorrect hole, a reinforcement (pellet) is given. If the animal nose-pokesinto an incorrect hole, a time-out period (no light) is given and next trialbegins. The choice accuracy (% of correct responses) gives an idea ofthe functional integrity of the attention as well as learning processes.These parameters are mostly altered in animal models ofSchizophrenia and Alzheimer Diseases.

Key Features� Hole LEDs with adjustable intensity

� Associated with a very complete and flexible software - PackWin

� Up to 8 stations can be connected at once to PC througha single cable


Parameters Measured� Number of correct responses

� Number of incorrect responses

� Number of persevering actions

� Number of omissions

� Number of anticipatory responses

� Number of trials performed

� Responses latency

� Reinforcement (food, drink) intake latency

� Number of responses during the time-out

� And many user-defined parameters

Components Included� Nine holes box (with 9 stainless steel lids)

� Control unit with RS-232 communication port

� Pellets dispenser

� Feeder with light-beam detection technology

� Stimuli light




� 2 year warranty

Options� PackWin software to control up to 8 boxes simultaneously

5/9 Holes Box

SpecificationsCage Dimensions:

LE509 Rat Cage 252 (W) x 280 (D) x 240 (H) mm internal;440 x 360 x 315 mm external

LE507 Mouse Cage 190 (W) x 220 (D) x 240 (H) mm internal;440 x 360 x 315 mm external

Holes Dimensions:

Rat 23mm hole diameter; 14mm hole deep

Mouse 13mm hole diameter; 10mm hole deep

Material Composition Plexiglass, aluminum, stainless steel





Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0000 LE509 Rats 5/9 Holes Cage w/PC Interface

BH2 76-0001 LE507 Mice 5/9 Holes Cage w/PC Interface

BH2 76-0002 PACKWIN PC Software to Control up to 8 Cages

BH2 76-0367 LE512 Mice 9 Hole Box w/Pellet Dispenser

5/9 HolesThe nine-hole box is commonly used to evaluate attention performanceusing a visual discrimination task in laboratory animals.

The nine-hole box is composed of a test chamber, food or drinkdispenser, a Link Box to connect it to the PC and the PackWin software.


80

Learning, Memory & AttentionPassive Avoidance Box to Assess Working Memory

Passive Avoidance BoxPassive Avoidance is fear-motivated tests classically used to assessshort-term or long-term memory on small laboratory animals.

Passive Avoidance working protocols involve timing of transitions, i.e.time that the animal takes to move from the white compartment to the blackone after a conditioning session. During the conditioning session, entry intothe black compartment is punished with a mild inescapable electrical shock.

Our Passive Avoidance box (LE870/872) is defined by a large whiteilluminated compartment and a small black dark compartmentseparated by a guillotine gate. The animal’s position is detected byusing high sensitivity weight transducers providing greater accuracyand reliable detection (zones entries) systems utlizing on photocellbeams or on grid floor displacements.

Panlab/Harvard Apparatus Passive Avoidance boxes may be controlledeither through LE2708 Programmer or ShutAvoid software. The first optionis recommended for one single box set-ups, and may be combined withthe included SeDaCom software. SeDaCom enables data transfer fromthe programmer to a PC through a RS-232 port. The connection is directbetween programmer to a PC. No PCI card is needed! The link is carriedout by one only cable from one Box to the other. The first box isconnected to PC or Laptop by the RS-232 port or USB. The second optionis suitable for controlling a number of boxes simultaneously.

Passive Avoidance Box

Key Features� Weight transducer technology for accurate animal detection

� Very precise and stable intensity of shock delivered into theblack compartment


� Safety system which guarantees that the shock intensityreceived by the animal is always the same valueindependently of the grid bars treaded

Parameters Measured� Latency to enter into the black compartment

Components Included� Passive Avoidance Box

� Control unit with RS-232 communication port

� Motorized door (to be controlled either by LE2708 orShutAvoid software)




� 2 year warranty

Options� LE2708 Avoidance Programmer including shocker

� ShutAvoid software to control up to 8 Active or Passive boxes

� LE10026 Shocker unit with scrambler (0-2mA output)


81

Learning, Memory & AttentionPassive Avoidance Box to Assess Working Memory

CitationsCuhna C et al. (2009) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) overexpression in the forebrainresults in learning and memory impairments. Neurobiology Disease. 33(3):358-368. (mouse, Italy)Monleon S et al. (2009) Effects of oxotremorine and physostigmine on the inhibitory avoidance impairmentproduced by amitriptyline in male and female mice. Behav. Brain Res. (mouse, Spain) In press.Martín-García E et al. (2008) Neonatal finasteride induces anxiogenic-like profile and deterioratespassive avoidance in adulthood after intrahippocampal neurosteroid administration. Neurosci.154(4):1497-1505. (rat, Spain)Rueda N et al (2008) Effects of chronic administration of SGS-111 during adulthood and during the pre-and post-natal periods on the cognitive deficits of Ts65Dn mice, a model of Down síndrome. Behav.Brain Res. 188(2):355-367 (Mouse, Spain)Tramullas M et al (2008) Facilitation of avoidance behaviour in mice chronically treated with heroin ormethadone. Res. Rep. 189(2):332-340 (Mouse, Spain)Bouet V et al. (2007) Sensorimotor and cognitive deficits after transient middle cerebral arteryocclusion in the mouse. Exp. Neurol. 203(2):555-567 (Mouse, France)Haelewyn B et al. (2007) Long-term evaluation of sensorimotor and mnesic behaviour followingstriatal NMDA-induced unilateral excitotoxic lesion in the mouse. Behav. Brain Res. 178(2):245-243(Mouse, France)

SpecificationsMouse Box Dimensions 250 (W) x 250 (D) x 240 (H) mm white compartment;

195 x 108 x 120 mm black compartment

Rat Box Dimensions 310 (W) x 310 (D) x 240 (H) mm white compartment;195 x 108 x 120 mm black compartment

MinimumWeight Detected 10 grams (mouse box); 40 grams (rat box)


Computer Requirements PC (Windows® 95, 98, ME, NT, 2000 and Vista)(with SeDaCom)




Neither PC interface nor PC card are required.One cable connects all units to the PC



Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0199 LE870 Passive Avoidance Cage, Rats

BH2 76-0200 LE872 Passive Avoidance Cage, Mice

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0201 LE2708 Avoidance Programmer with Shocker Unit Included

BH2 76-0202 SHUTAVOID Software to Control up to 8 Active/Passive Boxes

BH2 76-0159 LE10026 Shock Generator with, Scrambler, 0-2 mA Output

AnxietyGuide

Anxiety is the most common and most studies psychiatricfield in humans. Anxiety is characteristic of situations thatpose either real or imaginary threats to the organism andthen includes changes in behavior. In theory, anxiety is anadaptive emotion that permits, by developing behavioraland physiological changes, to appropriately react to astressful situation in order to resolve it (by escaping,fighting…). However, pathological variants of anxiety canoccur and be deleterious for those affected. Anxietydisorders are reported as the most prevalent of thepsychiatric diseases.

Anxiety disorders were only recognized in 1980 by theAmerican Psychiatric Association. Before this recognition,people experiencing one of these disorders usuallyreceived a generic diagnosis of “stress” or “nerves”. Due tothe lack of understanding these disorders, very fewreceived the necessary treatment. Since 1980,international research has shown the severe disabilitiesassociated with these disorders. Most of these disabilitiescan be prevented with eary diagnosis and effectivetreatment. At the present time, benzodiazepines are themost common drug prescribed for relieving anxietysymptoms due to their action on the central nervoussystem via the modulation of the GABAA receptors. Thesesubstances were basically discovered by chance bySternbach, working for Hoffman La Roche in New Jersey in1957. The original compound was found to have hypnotic,anxiolytic and muscle relaxant effects and the firstbenzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide (Librium) was launchedin the UK in 1960, followed by diazepam (Valium) in 1963.By 1983, there were 17 benzodiazepines on the marketworth nearly $3 billion worldwide. There are now 29benzodiazepines available in the US and Europe for avariety of clinical uses.

However, as the use of benzodiazepines is thought toprovoke undesired effects such as physical dependence,research laboratory and pharmaceutical industry still focustheir effort in understanding better the genetic andneurobiological substrates of anxiety and in screening newchemicals for their putative therapeutic effects. In thiscontext, rodent behavioral models of anxiety have beendeveloped and constitute an excellent tool for thesepurposes. Anxiety in rodents is comparable and analogousto anxiety in humans in terms of behavioral and peripheralmanifestations an dhas been shown to share physiologicalmechanisms. The methods to assess anxiety-relatedbehaviors in laboratory rodents are commonly divided intwo categories: unconditioned (ethological) andconditioned (learned) tests. Unconditioned test are usuallybased on conflicts between exploratoryapproach/avoidance natural tendencies. Conditionedtests are based on the change of responses controlled byconditioning procedures.

82

Anxiety Guide

Behavioral TestElevated Plus Maze

The Elevated Plus Maze is a widely used animalmodel of anxiety that is based on twoconflicting innate tendencies: exploring a novelenvironment and avoiding elevated and openspaces constituting situations of predator risk.The apparatus consists of two open (stressful)and two enclosed (protecting) elevated armsthat form a “plus” or cross. Time spent inexploring enclosed versus open arms indicatesthat the anxiety level of the animal. Whenplaced into this apparatus, naïve mice and ratswill, by nature, tend to explore the open armsless due to their natural fear of heights andopen spaces. IN this context, anxiolyticsgenerally increase the time spent exploring theopen arms and anxiogenics have oppositeeffect, increasing the time spent into the closedarms.


� Exploration based conflict task∑ Based on innate behavioral tendencies (ethologicaltest)∑ Open elevated arm versus closed arm choice∑ Simple to setup and use∑ Short-lasting experimentReasons for Not Choosing This Test

� Repeated exposition induces habituation∑ Influenced by a host of variables∑ Needs intact locomotor performances


� Anxiety∑ Drug screening∑ Phenotyping

Behavioral TestOpen Field Test

The open field test is classically used to assessanxiety in rodents. This test is based onconflicting innate tendencies of avoidance ofbright light and open spaces (that ethologicallymimic a situation of predator risk) and ofexploring novel environment. When placedinto a brightly lit open field for the first time,rats and mice tend to remain in the peripheryof the apparatus or against the walls(thigmotaxis). It had been shown thatanxiolytics administration increases explorationtime in the center of the open field whilestressful stimuli decrease the number of centervisits. Open field activity, therefore, representsa valid measure of marked changes in “anxiety-like” behaviors in drug-treated and geneticallymanipulated animals. Open-field procedure


� Exploration based conflict task∑ Based on innate behavioral tendencies (ethologicaltest)∑ Central area versus periphery choice∑ Simple to setup and use∑ Short-lasting experiment∑ Standard test for anxiety widely referenced inbehavioral literature∑ Sensitive for both rats and mice


� Repeated exposition induces habituation∑ Influenced by a host of variables∑ Needs intact locomotor performances∑ Difficult to dissociate impaired locomotor activity fromanxiety induced suppression of exploration


� Anxiety∑ Drug screening∑ Phenotyping


Anxiety Guide

84

Behavioral TestAron Test

The Aron Test, also known as the Four PlateTest, allows a quick characterization of putativeanxiolytic compounds in naïve animals. Thetest consists basically of setting animals into asquare chamber, the floor of with wascomposed of four metal plates, and monitoringtheir locomotor behavior by counting thenumber of crossings from one plate to another.Exploration of the chamber was markedlysuppressed in response in subjects thatreceived electrical shock at each crossingcompared to control animals that are notshocked during their exploration.


� Punishment based conflict test� No need for food or drink deprivation� Short-lasting experiments� Sensitive for both rats and mice


� Involves aversive/stressful stimulus (foot shock)� Influenced by non-specific changes in cognition

and nociception


� Anxiety� Drug Screening� Phenotyping

Behavioral TestBlack and White Boxes

The Black and White test, also known as thelight-dark test, is based on the conflict ofnatural tendencies of rodents to avoid lightedand open areas and to explore novelenvironments. The apparatus contains a whiteopened compartment and a small enclosedblack compartment. Relative time spent inexploring each compartment indicates theanxiety level of the animal: avoidance to thebrightly lit area is considered reflecting“anxiety-like” behavior. When treated withanxiolytic drugs, rodents spend more time inthis area, an effect observed due to a decreasein anxiety.


� Exploration based conflict tasks� Based on innate behavioral tendencies

(ethological test)� Light versus dark compartment choice� Standard test for anxiety widely referenced in

behavioral literature� Simple to setup and use� Short-lasting experiments� Sensitive for both rats and mice


� Repeated exposition induces habituation� Influenced by a host of variables� Needs intact locomotor performances� Difficult to dissociate impaired locomotor activity

from anxiety-induced suppression of exploration


� Anxiety� Drug screening� Phenotyping


Anxiety Guide

85

Behavioral TestVogel Test

The Vogel Test paradigm is a popular conflictmodel in which water deprived rats and micefirst learn to lick from a water spount in anoperant chamber. Then, usually after a periodof unpublished licking, responses are punishedwith mild footshocks, including a significantreduction of drinking. In this context,administration of anxiolytics of shown to inhibitshock reduction of drinking. In this context,administration of anxiolytics is shown toinhibity shock-induced drinking suppression.


� Punishment based conflict test


� Classically used in rat, underemployed in mice� Needs food or drink deprivation� Involves aversive/stressful stimulus (footshock)� Influenced by non-specific changes in response rate,

cognition, basal water/food intake and nociception


� Anxiety� Drug screening


The term “depression” is commonly used to reflecta variety of experiences ranging from normal,transient unhappiness to pathological states ofhopelessness, as defined in the DSM-IV (fordiagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalDisorders, 4th Edition). Owing to its commonpsychological and social etiologies, depression ishard to model in non-human subjects, but fewexperimental tests have been developed to display“depressive-like” symptoms in rodents.

Depression, characterized by disturbances inmood, sleep, appetite, energy, motivation,hedonic capacity and thinking is among the mostprevalent forms of mental illness. The major theoryof depression, the monoamine hypothesis,proposes that decreasing the levels of one or morebrain monoamine neurotransmitters, such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (5-HT), noradrenalinor dopamine, can be responsible of depressivesymptoms, In this way, antidepressant drugsmainly act on serotoninergic and noradrenergicpathways in the brain.

Since research in humans is limited, animal modelsof depression have been developed, whereasmany symptoms of depression cannot be easilymeasured in laboratory rodents (e.g. depressedmood, feelings of worthlessness, suicide tendency).However, some behavioral tests have been shownto be very effective in evaluating depressivesymptoms and are classically used to predict theantidepressant effect of new medications. Theyalso provide potentially useful models in which tostudy neurobiological and genetic mechanismsunderlying depressive behavioral changes. Theseparadigms have strong predictive validity andbehavioral responses are reliable and robust withinand across laboratories.

The existence of numerous behavioral tests tomeasure depression in rodents reflects theheterogeneity of depressive-like symptoms. In thisway, forced swimming test and tail suspension testare classical paradigms used to evaluatebehavioral despair. Hopelessness, reported as acommon trait of depression in humans, ismimicked in rodents by the paradigm of learnedhelplessness. Finally, anhedonia is classicallyreflected by a decrease of sweet solutionconsumption by depressive rodents.

DepressionGuide

86

Depression Guide

Behavioral TestRota Rod Test

One relatively simplistic and widely used modelof depression is the forced-swimmingparadigm originally adopted by Porsolt et al(1978). Naïve rats and mice forced to swim inan aversive and confined environment innatelyfight to escape the apparatus. Following failedattempts to escape, they become immobile (i.e.float), a behavior generally considered asdespair, “depressive-like” behavior. Priortreatment with antidepressants decrease thetime spent immobile and increases the latencyto reach the first immobility episode.


� Despair model� High predictability for antidepressant effects

in humans� Based on innate behaviors� Sensitive for both mice and rats� Widely used in literature� Simple to setup and use� Short duration experiment� Can be automated (measurement subjectivity)


� Repeated exposure induces habituation� Influenced by non-specific changes in motor

performances


� Depression� Drug Screening� Phenotyping

Behavioral TestGrip Strength Test

The tail suspension test was developed as analternative to the Forced Swimming Test, yetthe concept remains the same. Rodents,suspended by their tail, innately attempt toescape from this aversive situation. However,following failed attempts to escape, theyexperience despair and become immobile. Themagnitude of immobility is considered to becorrelated with the depressive state of thesubjects and is significantly decreased byantidepressants.


� Despair model� High predictability for antidepressant effects

in humans� Based on innate behaviors� Widely used in literature� Simple to setup and use� Short duration experiment� Can be automated (measurement subjectivity)


� Repeated exposition induces habituation� Can only be assessed in mice� Difficult with some mice strains (C57BL/6)� Repeated exposure induces habituation� Influenced by non-specific changes in motor

performances


� Depression� Drug Screening� Basal Depressive-like state Phenotyping



88

Anxiety & DepressionElevated Plus Maze

CitationsLalonde and Strazielle (2008) Relations between open-field, elevated plus-maze, and emergence testsas displayed by C57/BL6J and BALB/c mice. J. Neurosci. Meth. 171(1):48-52 (mouse, Canada)Lalonde et al (2008) Effects of a B-vitamin-deficient diet on exploratory activity, motor coordination,and spatial learning in young adult Balb/c mice. Brain Res. 1188:1122-131 (mouse, Canada)Lalonde and Qian (2007) Exploratory activity, motor coordination, and spatial learning in Mchr1knockout mice. Behav. Brain Res. 178(2):293-304 (mouse, Canada)Balerio GN, Aso E, Maldonado R. (2005) Involvement of the opioid system in the effects induced bynicotine on anxiety-like behavior in mice. Psychopharmacol. (Berl) in press.Yau JLW et al. (2002) Chronic treatment with the antidepressant amitriptyline prevents impairmentsin water maze learning in aging rats. J. Neurosci. 22(4): 1435-1442. (standard maze, rat, UK)

Key Features� Modular structure which allows storage in minimum space

� Available in a number of colors

Parameters Measured� Animal position and number of entries into the differentsectors (see MAZESOFT-4)

� Animal position, speed, distance and more(see SMART or Smart JUNIOR video-tracking)

Components Included� Gray walls

� PlusMaze

� MAZESOFT-4 Software and LE3846 Interface for PC(only for LE846 and LE848)

� 2 year warranty

Options� SMART or Smart JUNIOR Video Tracking System(only for LE840 and LE842)

Elevated Plus MazeThe standard Elevated Plus Maze is commonly used to assess anxiety-like behavior in laboratory animals. The maze is usually a cross shapedmaze with two open arms and two closed arms, which is elevatedabove the floor.

This task exploits the conflict between the innate fear that rodentshave of open areas versus their desire to explore novel environments.Security is provided by the closed arms whereas the open arms offerexploratory value. When anxious, the natural tendency of rodents is toprefer enclosed dark spaces to opened brightly lit spaces. In thiscontext, anxiety-related behavior is measured by the degree to whichthe rodent avoids the unenclosed arms of the maze.

Elevated Plus Maze The Panlab/Harvard Apparatus elevated-plus-maze is currently built intwo different configurations (each one available for mice or rat):

• Basic maze which can be associated to our SMART orSmart JUNIOR Video-Tracking System

• Maze equipped with rows of infrared photocells connected to acomputer through the LE3846 control unit and the Panlab/HarvardApparatus MAZESOFT-4 software.

SpecificationsDimensions

LE840/846 Rats Maze 1000 (W) x 1000 (D) x 500 (H) mm grey color walls;arms: 100 (W) x 450 (D) mm black color arms.

LE842 Mice Maze 650 (W) x 650 (D) x 150 (H) mm grey color walls;arms: 60 (W) x 295 (D) mm black arms

LE848PhotoelectricalCells Mice Maze

640 (W) x 640 (D) x 550 (H) mm, arms: 60 (W) x 295(D) mm for normal mice; 370 (W) x 370 (D) x 550 (H)mm, Arms: 60 (W) x 160 (D) mm for very small mice(provided with 2 interchangeable arm dimensions)

Material Composition Methacrylate, aluminum

Transparent Walls Height 100 mm rats


IR beams with MAZESOFT-8or video-tracking system

Power Supply(When Applicable)

110 V/220 V, 50/60Hz


Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0074 LE840 Rats Elevated Plus Maze

BH2 76-0075 LE842 Mice Elevated Plus Maze

BH2 76-0076 LE846 Rats Elevated Plus Maze with Position Detectionand MAZESOFT-4 Software Include

BH2 76-0077 LE848 Mice Elevated Plus Maze with Position Detectionand MAZESOFT-4 Software Included

BH2 76-0078 LE843 T Maze Variant for Mice

BH2 76-0079 LE847 Y Maze Variant for Mice

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0028 SMART Advanced Video-Tracking Software for LE840/842Standard Maze

BH2 76-0029 SMARTJUNIOR

Standard Video-Tracking Software for LE840/LE842

BH2 76-0486 LE841 Transparent wall option for Ethological studies -only for LE840


89

Anxiety & DepressionMAZESOFT-4 Software for Automated Elevated-Plus Maze

MAZESOFT-4 SoftwareMAZESOFT-4 is an easy and complete software for monitoring Elevated-Plus Maze experiments. It has been specially designed to work with thePanlab/Harvard Apparatus Plus Maze equipped with rows of infraredphotocells for the automated detection of animal position.

MAZESOFT-4 is easy to configure as the user only has to enter the desiredduration of experiment. A “trial header” can be use for recording all thenecessary information associated with the current experiment (code oftrial, experimenter, challenge, dose, subject identification, comments).

The Plus Maze is divided into 9 sections: 4 identified arms (2 open and 2closed), each one divided into proximal and distal section and a centralarea. One experiment can be composed of several trials, depending on thenumber of experimental groups and animals per group used in the study.During each trial, the elapsed time, permanence time in each area andcurrent position of the animal can be visualized in real-time. Full informationabout the animal’s position is also shown graphically on the screen.

MAZESOFT-4 provides two types of result presentations: a raw data tableand integrated results. The raw data table initiates with the header of thetrial (name of the experimenter, code identifications, etc.) and continueswith the detailed chronological listing of the animal positions for each trial.Integrated results calculated from the raw data table are provided in anadditional summary table. For each arm, the information is separatelygiven for the proximal zone, for the distal zone and for both of the zones ofthe arm. Identical information is shown for the base zone in the middle ofthe maze and for the union for opposite arms (closed and open arms).

The tables of trials can be re-organized before exportation according toparameters previously entered in the trial header (by subjects, bygroups, by experimenter, etc.).

Data from the raw data base and from the table of result can be easilyexported in formats widely used to perform complementary analysis(Word, Text, HTML or Excel).

This MAZESOFT-4 Software in not available as a separate product. It isincluded with the following systems, BH2 76-0076 Rats Elevated PlusMaze with Position Detection and BH2 76-0077 Mice Elevated PlusMaze with Position Detection. see page 88 for complete descriptions.

Key Features� Complete and easy-to-use for standard experiments

� Use of photo cell technology for animal position detection

� Provides integrated parameters (ie: permanence time inarms, number of entries)

� Data reports can be re-organized according to factors entered inthe trial header (ie: animal, groups)

Parameters Measured� Number of visits into the zones (or association of zones)

� % of visits into the zones / total number of visits

� Total permanence time in each zone (or association of zones)

� % of permanence time in each zone / total duration of the trial

� Mean time of visit duration into each zone(or association of zones)

� % of the mean time of visit duration into each zone / totalduration of the trial

� Number of entries into each zones (or association of zones)

� % of the entries into each zone / total number of entries

� Chronological sequence of animal displacements

Components Included� Software and USB protection key

� PCI-7200




Related Hardware



not supported), 2 Gb of RAM with PCI 32-bit busmaster expansion slot available and 1 free USBfor the protection key





90

Anxiety & DepressionOpen Field Box

Open Field BoxesOpen Field experiments allow the evaluation of animal basal activity andits evolution, in response to novelty or anxiogenic environment,to pharmacological treatment, lesion or genetic modification.

Panlab/Harvard Apparatus proposes square openfields available for ratsand mice. The arena is made of durable material which has theadvantage to be non-odor absorbent and easy to clean. The arena issurrounded by high walls and is available in different non reflectivecolors for videotracking purposes. The system is entirely collapsable forenabling storage in the minimum space. The floor can be divided intoequal squares under request for the direct counting of animal activity.

Possibility of customization, contact Technical Support for more details!

Open-Field Boxes

Key Features� Optimized design for videotracking purpose

� Material non-odor absorbent

� Easy to clean

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0189 LE800S Square Open-Field Box for Rat:

900 (W) x 900 (D) x 400 (H)mm, Grey

BH2 76-0190 LE802S Square Open-Field Box for Mouse:450 (W) x 450 (D) x 400 (H) mm, Grey

BH2 76-0439 LE800SC Open Field Divider for 4 Rats -for use with LE800S

BH2 76-0401 LE802SC Open Field Divider for 4 Mice -for use with LE802S

Round Open-Field Boxes available by special order.Please contact our technical support staff for more information.

Parameter Measured Video TrackingSystem Suggested

Locomotor Activity SMART & Smart JUNIOR

Rearing SMART

Permanence Time and Entries Into the Center SMART & Smart JUNIOR

Permanence Time and Entries Close to the Walls SMART & Smart JUNIOR


91

Anxiety & DepressionAron Test for Screen Anxiolytic Substances

CitationsForeman MM et al. (2009) Anxiolytic effects of lamotrigine and JZP-4 in the elevated plus maze andin the four plate conflict test. Eur J Pharmacol. 602(2-3):316-20. (mouse, USA)Jacobsen JP et al. (2008) SK3 K+ channel-deficient mice have enhanced dopamine and serotoninrelease and altered emotional behaviors. Genes Brain Behav. 7(8):836-48.Masse F et al. (2008) Anxiolytic-like effects of DOI microinjections into the hippocampus (but not theamygdala nor the PAG) in the mice four plates test. Behav. Brain Res. 188(2):291-297 (mouse, France)Mirza NR et al (2008) NS11394 [3'-[5-(1-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethyl)-benzoimidazol-1-yl]-biphenyl-2-carbonitrile], a unique subtype-selective GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator: in vitroactions, pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo anxiolytic efficacy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 327(3):954-68. (mouse, Denmark)Masse F et al. (2007) Anxiolytic-like effect of 5-HT2 ligands and benzodiazepines co-administration:Comparison of two animal models of anxiety (the four-plate test and the elevated plus maze). Behav.Brain Res. 177(2):214-226 (mouse, France)Petit-Demouliere B and Bourin M (2007) Temporal parameters of one-trial tolerance tobenzodiazepines in four-plate test-retest. Behav. Brain Res. 183(2):222-225. (mouse, France)Petit-Demouliere B et al. (2007) Factors triggering abolishment of benzodiazepines effects in the four-plate test-retest in mouse. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. In press (mouse, France)Masse F et al. (2007) Effect of GABAergic ligands on the anxiolytic-like activity of DOI (a 5-HT(2A/2C)agonist) in the four-plate test in mouse. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol.;17(6-7):483-91 (mouse, France)

Key Features� An elegant and economical solution for screening anxiolyticdrugs in mice

� Punishment based conflict test

� Shock with adjustable intensity

Parameters Measured� Number of punished crossings

Components Included� Aron box

� Control unit footswitch




� 2 year warranty

Aron TestThe Aron Test, or Four Plates Test, is an animal model of anxiety inwhich the exploration of the novel surroundings is suppressed by thedelivery of a mild electric foot shock.

The apparatus consists of a cage floored by four identical rectangularmetal plates (8 x 11 cm) separated from one another by a gap of 4 mm.The plates are connected to a shocker unit that can generate electricfoot shocks.

Following habituation period, the animal is subjected to an electricshock when crossing (transition) from one plate to another, i.e. twolegs on one plate and two legs on another. Boissier et al. 1968 hasdescribed this test first. The number of punished crossings is generallycalculated for a period of 60 seconds. A substance with anxiolyticproperties induces an increase in the number of punished passages.

Aron Test Box SpecificationsCage Materials White, transparent plastic and stainless steel

Dimensions 18 x 25 x 16 cm

Shock 0-3 mA, timer 0-10 sec, square pulse

Shock Delivery Footswitch

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0006 LE830* Aron Test Box

* Shock generator (BH2 76-0159) must be ordered separately.


92

Anxiety & DepressionBlack and White Test

Key Features� Compartments with independent and highlycontrasted illumination

� Can be associated with weight transducer technology foroptimal animal detection

� Easy to clean between trials

� Easy connection to a PC through RS-232 port

Parameters Measured� Total time spent in each compartment latency to the firstchange of compartment (regardless to the animalinitial position)

� Number of changes between the black and whitecompartments

� Total duration of the experiment

Components Included� Experimental chamber




� 2 year warranty

Options� PPCWIN Software to control up to 8 automated boxessimultaneously

Black andWhite Box

CitationsLopez-Aumatell R et al (2007) Fearfulness in a large N/Nih genetically heterogeneous ratstock: Differential profiles of timidity and defensive flight in males and females. Behav. BrainRes. 188(1):41-55 (rat, Spain)Gimenez-llort L el al. (2002) Mace lacking the adenosine A1 receptor are anxious andaggressive, but are normal learners with reduced muscle strength and survival rate. Eur. J.Neurosci. 16(3): 547. (mice, Spain, Sweden)

Black and White TestThe Panlab/Harvard Apparatus Black and White Box allows easy andquick evaluation of an animal’s anxiety as reflected in their behavior.The test identifies behavioral modifications resulting frompharmacological agents. The Black and White Box assesses theanimal’s displacement in two compartments with different sizes, color,and illumination.

The Panlab/Harvard Apparatus experimental box, constructed ofperspex, is composed of a small black compartments and a largerwhite compartment separated by a connecting gate. Eachcompartment has its own removable perspex floor of the same color ofthe respective walls and 90 X 90 mm sectors delimited by lines. Thecompartments are independently illuminated: the white one with a 100W white bulb and the black one with a 40 W red bulb. Both bulbs are370 mm from the floor of the box.

The Panlab/Harvard Apparatus Black and White Box can be suppliedwith a weight transducer system for automated animal detection andphotocell beams for evaluation of general activity during the test. Theautomated experimental chambers (up to 8) are associated to the PC-based control software PPCWIN for data storage and analysis.

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0007 LE810 Experimental Chamber for Mouse

BH2 76-0008 LE816 Automated Experimental Chamber for Mouse:with Weight Transducer

BH2 76-0009 LE812 Experimental Chamber for Rat

BH2 76-0010 LE818 Automated Experimental Chamber for Rat:with Weight Transducer

BH2 76-0011 PPCWIN Software for Chamber Control and DataAnalysis (8 Units)


93

Anxiety & DepressionVogel Test

Key Features� Allows Vogel experiments directly into the animal's home cage

� Exclusive nipple system to exclude non-specific contacts

� Up to 32 cages can be associated with a computer

Parameters Measured� Total number of licks per trial

� Total number of shocks received per trial

Components Included� Cage with lick detector

� Bottle with special nipple



� 2 year warranty

Options� LinkBox01 interface for to 8 cages

� PackWin software to control up to 32 cages

� LE10025 Shocker unit with scrambler (0-2mA output)plus lick detector

Vogel TestThe Vogel test has become a standard for fast screening the potentialanxiolytic properties of drugs. In this procedure, the drinking behavioris punished by mild shocks leading to a significant reduction of waterconsumption in deprived animals. Drinking responses are thenreestablished using drugs with anxiolytic properties.

The Panlab/Harvard Apparatus Vogel test consists of a standard homecage associated with a grid floor. An electronic unit associated with aspecial nipple ensures the detection and counting of the licksreflecting the animal drinking behavior. Using an exclusive nippledesign, any casual and non-specific contacts of the animal with thenipple will not be considered as a drinking response.

A multi-cage configuration allows performing the Vogel test for up to32 cages. The cages are associated with a LinkBox (1 for each 8cages) ensuring the functional interaction between the lick sensorsystem, the LE10025 Shock generator (1 per cage) and the PackWinsoftware for advanced protocol configuration and data acquisition.

The interconnection among the cages and the computer is carry out bya RS-232 serial communication.

Vogel Test Set

Vogel Shocker

SpecificationsLE3208 Internal memory for up to 99 trials

LE10025 Shocker intensity: from 0.1 to 2 mA; duration:from 0.1 to 10 sec

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0316 LE862 Vogel Test Set (Excluding Control Unit)

BH2 76-0156 LINKBOX01 Link Box Interface for up to 8 Cages

BH2 76-0002 PACKWIN Software to Control up to 32 Cages

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0334 LE10025 Shock Generator with Scrambler (1 per Cage)Plus Lick Detector

BH2 76-0319 LE8624 Vogel Test Nipple Plus Bottle

BH2 76-0320 LE8626 Electric Contacts for Nozzle and Grid


94

Anxiety & DepressionTail Suspension Test

Key Features� Fast evaluation of antidepressive, psychotropic drugs basedon L. Steru and R.D. Porsolt based models

� Up to 6 mice monitored at the same time

� Automatic measurement of immobility

� Capable of automatic randomization

� Reanalysis enhanced, immobility threshold can be readjusted

� Direct exportation of the results into Excel

� Calculates energy and power in motion

Parameters Measured� Immobility time

� Power

Components Included� Transducers and electronic elements

� 1 set of 3 perpex compartments with adjustable floor height



� 1 year warranty

Tail Suspension TestThe automatic tail-suspension test allows a fast and reliable screeningof the psychotropic properties (anti-depressants, sedatives) of drugs.

The measuring principle is based on the energy expended by micetrying to escape from their suspension. During the test, the movementsare analyzed in terms of force, energy and power developed over time.

A complete system includes the suspension cages (3 mice or 6 mice ata time) and a USB based user-friendly software to run, record, analyzeand replay the experiments. The results are either printed or stored in.xls file formats.

CitationsPaïzanisa E et al. (2009) Behavioural and neuroplastic effects of the new-generation antidepressantagomelatine compared to fluoxetine in glucocorticoid receptor-impaired mice.Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 24:1-16.Dowiea MJ et al. (2009) Altered CB1 receptor and endocannabinoid levels precede motor symptomonset in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neuroscience. 29;163(1):456-65.Blondeau N et al. (2009) Subchronic Alpha-Linolenic Acid Treatment Enhances Brain Plasticity andExerts an Antidepressant Effect: A Versatile Potential Therapy for Stroke. Neuropsychopharmacol.(mouse, France) In Press.Pang TYC et al. (2009) Altered serotonin receptor expression is associated with depression-related behavior in the R6/1 transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Hum. Mol. Gen.18(4):753-766. (mouse, Australia)DiNunzio JC et al. (2008) CNS Disorders—Current Treatment Options and the Prospects for AdvancedTherapies. Drug. Dev Ind. Pharm. 13:1-27. (mouse, USA)Popa D et al. (2008) Lasting Syndrome of Depression Produced by Reduction in Serotonin Uptakeduring Postnatal Development: Evidence from Sleep, Stress, and Behavior. The Journal ofNeuroscience, 28(14):3546-3554. (muse, France)Renoir T et al. (2008) Differential long-term effects of MDMA on the serotoninergic system andhippocampal cell proliferation in 5-HTT knock-out vs. wild-type mice. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol.2008 Jul 9:1-14. (mouse, France)Castagné V et al. (2007) UNIT 5.8 Rodent Models of Depression: Forced Swim and Tail SuspensionBehavioral Despair Tests in Rats and Mice. Current Protocols in Pharmacology. 38:5.8.1-5.8.11. ©2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Crozatier C et al. (2007) Calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B) is involved in the mechanisms of actionof antidepressants. Neuroscience. 144(4):1470-1476. (Mouse, France)Vogt MA et al. (2007) Suitability of tamoxifen-induced mutagenesis for behavioral phenotyping.Experimental Neurology 211(1):25-33. (Mouse, Germany)Alexandre C et al. (2006) Early Life Blockade of 5-Hydroxytryptamine 1A Receptors Normalizes Sleepand Depression-Like Behavior in Adult Knock-Out Mice Lacking the Serotonin Transporter. J. Neurosci.26(20): 5554-5564. (mouse, France, Germany)Chourbaji S et al. (2006) IL-6 knockout mice exhibit resistance to stress-induced development ofdepression-like behaviors. Neurobiology of Disease 23(3):587-594. (Mouse, germany)Meziane H et al. (2006) Estrous cycle effects on behavior of C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ female mice:implications for phenotyping strategies. Genes, Brain and Behavior. 6(2):192-200. (mouse, France)Cryan JF et al. (2005) The tail suspension test as a model for assessing antidepressant activity:Review of pharmacological and genetic studies in mice. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 29(4-5):571-625 (mouse; Switzerland, USA)Mombereau C et al. (2004) Genetic and Pharmacological Evidence of a Role for GABAB Receptors inthe Modulation of Anxiety- and Antidepressant-Like Behavior. Neuropsychopharmacol. 29:1050-1062(mouse, Stwitzerland)Strekalova T et al. (2004) Stress-Induced Anhedonia in Mice is Associated with Deficits in ForcedSwimming and Exploration. Neuropsychopharmacol. 29:2007-2017 (mouse, Germany)

Tail Suspension Test SpecificationsMaterial Composition Black and white perspex, metal hook

Computer Requirements Windows® XP, one or two free USB 2.0 slots


6 per computer

Power Supply Standard 110 V/220 V, 50/60Hz, special plugs on request

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0490 BSTST2 Set of 3 Boxes, Including Transducers a

nd Electronic Elements

BH2 76-0492 BSTST2LOG Interface and Software for BSTST2CA

Reward & AddictionGuide

Addiction is a state in which an organism engagedin a compulsive behavior which is reinforced orrewarded, even when faced with negativeconsequences.

A distinction is generally made between “reward”and “addiction”. “Reward” is defined as abiological mechanism mediating behaviormotivated by events commonly associated withpleasure. Reward and motivation can beconsidered as natural components of normalbehavior. Indeed, reward pathways clearly serveto direct behavior towards goals that are beneficialto the organism or species survival, e.g. food andwater intake, reproductive activities and others.However, a pleasurable substance can lead to“addiction”, inducing a compulsive behavior orsubstance-seeking and intake, a loss of control oflimiting intake and the emergence of a negativeemotional state when access to the substance isprevented. A variety of substances are susceptibleto provoke addiction, such as alcohol, illicit drugs,nicotine, and others.

From a mechanistic point of view, drug addiction isa chronic, relapsing disease that is induced bydisturbances in the neurobiological mechanism ofbrain function. The use of substances forrecreational purposes is based on the fact thatthey cause rewarding effects through the pleasurecenter of the brain, mainly represented by themesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathways.

Chronic drug abuse, however, is associated with arange of adaptive changes in brain physiology.These alterations, which appear to be both intrinsicand extrinsic to the rewarding pathways, graduallylead to the addictive disorder.

Given that drug abuse is major health problemcalling new therapeutic (some animal models havebeen developed) in order to study behavioral andneurobiological basis of addiction. Actual rodentmodels have predictive validity and are reliable forthe study of the addictive potential of substances,the mechanism underlying the transition from druguse to addiction and the relapse or the individualvulnerability phenomenon.

95

Reward & Addiction Guide

Behavioral TestConditioned Place Preference

The purpose of the Conditioned PlacePreference test is to characterize the rewardingpotential of a drug or other experimentalcondition. The procedure involves operantconditioning of a preference for a particularenvironment that has been consistently pairedwith a subjective internal state induced by thetested substance or condition. If a drug hasmarked rewarding properties, the animal willspend more time in the compartment withwhich it was paired when subsequently testedwithout the drug. The Conditioned PlacePreference procedure is classically used for along duration to test the addictive liability of adrug for addictive properties for both researchand pharmaceutical studies. The proceduremay also be modified to determine whethergenetically modified animals are more or lesssensitive to the reinforcing effects of a drug.


� Detects putative reinforcing properties of drugs� Involves associative learning� Used for both mice and rats


� Positive results do not imply that the animal willdevelop a drug addiction (e.g. will displayself-administration behavior)

� The drug is given to the animal by the experimenter� Long and laborious procedure� Need highly controlled experimental conditions

(noise, light, odor, handling)� Changes in behavioral output can be brought by

many cognitive and non-cognitive factors, such asalteration of learning, locomotor activity, and vision


� Drug Screening� Compulsive Behaviors� Phenotyping� Drug Dependence

Behavioral TestLocomotor Response to Novelty

Locomotor responses to novelty has beenshown to represent a predictive factor for theaddictive properties of drugs or vulnerability toa drug treatment. Indeed, in an animal modelfor vulnerability to drug abuse, animals thatexhibit greater motor activity in a novelenvironment (high responders; HR) are foundmore sensitive to drugs of abuse and are morelikely to self-administer these drugs comparedto less reactive animals (low responders; LR). Inthe light of clinical evidence between drugabuse and mood disorders, this model iswidely used to investigate whether individualdifferences in locomotor reactivity to noveltyare related to anxiety and depression-likeresponsiveness in rodents.


� Explore novelty-seeking behavior� Free exploration paradigm� Test maximizing avoidance/anxiety-related behavior

respect to approach/exploratory behavior� Only one exposure (no habituation) and quickly

performed� Easy-to-do for inexperienced users� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Anxiogenic conditions (novel environment with nopossibility of escape)


� Drug Screening� Phenotyping� Addiction� Anxiety Disorders

96 Panlab | Harvard Apparatus • Spain +34934190709 • International +34834750697 • fax +34934750699 • www.panlab.comHarvard Apparatus • phone 508.893.8999 • toll free U.S. 800.272.2775 • fax 508.429.5732 • www.harvardapparatus.com

Reward & Addiction Guide

Behavioral TestSelf Administration

Self Administration is a classic model of humandrug taking behavior and consists ofestablishing an operant conditionng of aninstrumental response (nose-poke, leverpressure) to obtain a reward, according to afixed or progressive ratio. Self administrationis a standard paradigm for studying the acuterewarding properties of a drug, thedevelopment of habitual drug-seeking behavior,and ultimately, addiction. This method can beused to assess the abusive potential of a drug.


� Drug self-administered by the animal itself� Involves associative learning and operant

conditioning� Robust performance and specific responses� Used for both mice and rats


� Long and laborious procedure� Requires animal surgery� Changes in behavioral output can be brought by

many cognitive and non-cognitive factors, such asalteration of learning, locomotor activity and vision


� Drug Screening� Phenotyping� Drug Dependence� Alcohol Dependence

Behavioral TestFood-Motivated OperantConditioning

Progressive-ratio (PR) schedules permitstudying food-motivated behavior. Theseschedules require an increasing number ofoperant responses to obtain successiverewards within a session. For example, atypical PR 5 schedule requires five responses toproduce the first reinforcer and the responserequirement is incremented by five each time areinforcer is earned. The breaking point,defined as the highest ratio completed is aclassic measurement reflecting the efficacy ormotivational strength of food, and is increasedin response to food deprivation or a reward ofhigh palatability.


� Sensible to fine modifications in feeding behaviorthat can not always be assessed under free-accessconditions

� Sensitive for both mice and rats


� Requires food deprivation� Laborious procedure: may require many sessions

of learning� Influenced by any alteration in learning process


� Drug Screening� Phenotyping� Anhedonia



98

Reward & AddictionPlace Preference Box

Key Features� Allows a combination between the visual and tactilecues defining each compartment

� Weight transducer technology allows animal detectionoptimization in low-contrast conditions

� Software for automated storage and analysis of the data

� Up to 8 stations can be connected at once to PC through asingle cable

Parameters Measured� Total number of entries into the compartments

� % distribution of the entries into different compartments

� Permanence time in each compartment

� % permanence time in respect to the total duration


Components Included� Place preference box with removable floors

� PPCWIN software (for automated animal position detection)


� Opaque extractable wall covers

Options� SMART video-tracking system

Place Preference Box Place Preference BoxPanlab/Harvard Apparatus Place Preference Box is a standardexperimental chamber for automated assessment of conditioned placepreference and aversion in rodents, two tests widely used forscreening the reinforcing properties of drugs (or natural stimuli) aswell as for investigating the brain neurobiological systems implicatedin reward and addition.

The experimental box consists of two perspex compartments of thesame size interconnected by a central grey corridor. Thecompartments can be differentiated by both visual and tactile cues: thecolor of the walls in each compartment (white or black) and the textureof the floors (smooth or rough). The box is provided with transparentfront walls which may be covered with extractable opaque covers(included). Manually operated sliding doors are provided to managethe access to the two compartments from the corridor.

The experimental box can be supplied with or without automaticanimal position detection system. The automated animal positiondetection is carried out by a weight transducer system which isassociated to the PC-based control software PPCWin.

SpecificationsExperimental Box Dimensions:

RatCompartments

300 (W) x 300 (D) x 340 (H) mm; corridor: 80 (W) x100 (D) x 340 (H) mm; doors: 100 (W) x 140 (H)

MouseCompartments

100 (W) x 130 (D) x 130 (H) mm; corridor: 72 (W) x72 (D) x 130 (H) mm; doors: 60 (W) x 60 (H) mm


Weight transducers

Material Composition Perspex


Neither PC interface nor PC card are required.One cable connects all units to the PC.


Power Requirement 110/220 V, 50/60 Hz

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0216 LE890 Standard Place Preference System for Rats

BH2 76-0217 LE891 Standard Place Preference System for Mice

BH2 76-0218 LE892 Automated Place Preference Systemfor Rats Using Weight Transducers

BH2 76-0219 LE893 Automated Place Preference Systemfor Mice Using Weight Transducers

BH2 76-0011 PPCWIN Software Associated to Automated Boxes(up to 8 units)

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0028 SMART SMART Video-Tracking System(to be used with LE890 or LE891)


Smart JUNIOR Video-Tracking JUNIOR(Requires SJPP)

BH2 76-0415 SJPP Place Preference Module


99

Reward & AddictionSpatial Place Preference Box

Key Features� Allows combination between the visual, tactile and spatial cuesdefining each compartment

� Optimize the differentiation between compartments

� Minimize initial place preference during pre-test phase

� Transparent walls to minimize time in corridor

� Video-tracking system optimizes detection

Parameters Measured� Total number of entries into compartments

� % distribution of entries into different compartments


� % permanence time in respect to the total duration

� Chronological sequence of animal displacement

Components Included� Spatial Place Preference Box

� 2 reversible floors (one dark grey, one light grey)

� 4 parallel piped triangles (two colored in stripes, the othertwo in dots)

� 2 three sided pyramids (one colored in stripes, the otherin dots)

� 2 sliding doors (one with stripes, one with dots)

Options� SMART Video Tracking System

� Smart JUNIOR Video Tracking System

Spatial Place Preference BoxThe Panlab/Harvard Apparatus spatial place preference box is anexperimental chamber developed with the aim to optimize placepreference and aversion studies in small laboratory animals, especiallymice. The design of the box is based on a close collaboration withprominent Professors Dr. Rafael Maldonado and Dr. Olga Valverde fromthe Laboratory of Neuropharmacology in Barcelona, Spain.

The apparatus consists of a box with two equally sized compartmentsinterconnected by a rectangular corridor. The compartments aredifferentiated by the motifs painted on the walls (dots or stripes) andthe color (different shade of grey tones, light or dark) and texture(smooth or rough) of the floor. The innovation of our box is thepossibility to combine a new additional spatial dimension allowing theanimal to differentiate the different compartments in a morediscriminative manner. Transparent walls are also used to minimize thetime the animal spent in the corridor.

The introduction of these new discriminative elements allows:

• Optimizing the results obtained in the place preference andaversion paradigms (low variability in the response, reducednumber of animals per group)

• Organizing the discriminative elements in a wide variety ofconfigurations for studies evaluating spatial or contextual memory

• Using the elements as discriminative cues associated with drugexposure in diverse other experimental designs.

The Panlab/Harvard Apparatus spatial place preference box can beassociated with the SMART video-tracking system for detection andanalysis of animal position throughout the test or PPCWIN, see page 100.

SpecificationsReversible Floor Textures One side rough, one side smooth

Box Dimensions for Mice:

Total (ext.) 46 (w) x 27 (d) x 25 (h) cm

Compartments (int.) 20 (w) x 18 (d) x 25 (h) cm

Aisle (int.) 20 (w) x 7 (d) x 25 (h) cm

Box Dimensions for Rats:

Total (ext.) 88 (w) x 47 (d) x 45 (h) cm

Compartments (int.) 40 (w) x 34 (d) x 45 (h) cm

Aisle (int.) 25 (w) x 13 (d) x 45 (h) cm

Walls Width 6 mm

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0278 LE895 Spatial Conditioned Place Preference for Mice

BH2 76-0279 LE897 Spatial Conditioned Place Preference for Rats

BH2 76-0376 LE896 Spatial Place Preference Mice-PositionDetection Weight Cells

BH2 76-0441 LE898 Spatial Place Preference Rats-PositionDetection Weight Cells

BH2 76-0011 PPCWIN PPCWIN Software (to be used with LE896/LE898)

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0028 SMART SMART Video-Tracking System(to be used with LE895 or LE897)


Smart JUNIOR Video-Tracking JUNIOR(Requires SJPP)

BH2 76-0415 SJPP Place Preference Module


100

Reward & Addiction

Key Features� Easy-to-use software for standard conditioned placepreference experiments

� For both place preference and black and white experiments

� A test mode enables immediate checking of thecommunication between the software and theexperimental chambers

� Current animal position can be visualized in real-time duringthe acquisition of data

� Provides integrated results

� Tables of result easily exportable in Excel format forfurther analysis

� RS-232 or USB port direct connection

Parameters Measured� Total number of entries into the black, white andgrey compartments

� % distribution of entries into the different compartments


� % permanence time in respect to the totalexperimental duration


� Latency to the first transition regardless to the initial position

� Experiment duration




PPCWIN SoftwarePPCWIN is an easy-to-use software for monitoring Conditioned PlacePreference (or aversion) tests and Black and White experiments (foranxiety). It has been specially designed to work with thePanlab/Harvard Apparatus Automated Place Preference and Black andWhite boxes equipped with weight transducers for the automaticdetection of animal position.

PPCWIN controls independently up to 8 experimental chambers. Thesystem includes a test mode enabling immediate and reliable checking ofthe communication between the software and the experimental chambers.

The Place Preference and Black and White boxes are basically dividedin two different compartments connected by a grey corridor/door,respectively. One experiment can be composed of several sessions,depending on the number of experimental groups and animals per groupused in the study. PPCWIN is easy to configure as the user only needs toenter the desired duration of experiment and some specific informationabout the session (subject name, group, etc). During data acquisition,information about protocol state, animal position and current data can bevisualized for each cage on the corresponding control window.

PPCWIN provides a raw data table with all the standard parametersfor conditioned place preference and black and white experiments(permanence time in the compartments, number of entries, etc.) and adetailed chronological sequence of animal displacements for eachsession. A report table can be generated containing the results fromdifferent stored session. Data from the tables of result can be easilyexported in formats widely used to perform complementary analysis.

PPCWIN Software






System Requirements Windows® XP (SP2 or Higher), Vista 32 – PCintegrated standard sound card (DirectX compatible)

Related Hardware

� Place Preference Box, see page G60

� Spatial Place Preference Box, see page G61

� Black & White Box, see page G57

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0011 PPCWIN PPCWIN Software for up to 8 Boxes


101

Reward & AddictionSelf Administration Box

Key Features� Entirely modular box

� Easily removable waste tray

� Associated with PackWin software

� Reduced number of cables


Parameters Measured� Number of responses (lever pressing or nose-spoke)

� Response rate

� Number of reinforcement received

� Number of responses during drug injection & time-out

� User-defined parameters capabilities

� Cumulative curve graph

� Reponse pattern graph

Components Included� Experimental chamber



� 2 year warranty

Options� Linkbox (power connection box for up to 8 modules)

� Wide range of modules

� Sound attenuating box

� PackWin software

Self Administration BoxThe Panlab/Harvard Apparatus self-administration box is an entirelymodular experimental enclosure designed to conduct a wide variety ofdifferent schedules for studying reward and addiction in laboratoryanimals.

The chamber is assembled with black aluminum walls and atransparent front door. The chambers employ a stainless-steel gridfloor that allows waste to collect in a removable tray. All floorcomponents (including the grid) are removable for systematic cleaning.

Special modules are available for self-administration and self-stimulation procedures: lever or nose-spoke, food or drink dispensers,drug delivery system and stimuli (light, sound, shock, etc.). Eachchamber is associated with a LinkBox which provides power to up to 8(expandable to 16) self-administration modules conferring to thechambers a full autonomy. Only one cable connects the LinkBox to thePC, this last for advanced protocol configuration and running.

All Panlab/Harvard Apparatus self-administration boxes are associatedwith the potent and versatile Packwin software which allowsconfiguring any kind of user-defined schedules (training, priming,fixed-ratio, progressive ratio, extinction, relapse, etc.) and providingrelevant data in this context (number of pressing on active and inactivelevers, number of injection received, pattern response graph etc.)Packwin must be ordered separately.

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0151 LE1002 Modular Operant Chamber, Mice

BH2 76-0152 LE1005 Modular Operant Chamber, Rat

BH2 76-0153 LE100201 Mice Shockable Grid

BH2 76-0154 LE100501 Rats Shockable Grid

BH2 76-0156 LINKBOX01 Link & Power Supplyfor up to 8 Chamber Modules. RS-232 Output

BH2 76-0157 LE26 Sound-proof Box

BH2 76-0002 PACKWIN Multipurpose Behavior Softwarefor up to 8 LINKBOX 01

BH2 76-0342 LE100265 Lever for Mice

BH2 76-0360 LE100565 Lever for Rats

BH2 76-0341 LE100264 Retractable Lever for Mice

BH2 76-0359 LE100564 Retractable Lever for Rats

BH2 76-0343 LE100267 Light Stimuli for Mice

BH2 76-0361 LE100567 Light Stimuli for Rats

BH2 76-0331 LE100242 Adjustable Buzzer for Mice

BH2 76-0350 LE100542 Adjustable Buzzer for Rats

BH2 76-0347 LE100290 Acoustic Stimulus (Buzzer) for Mice

BH2 76-0365 LE100590 Acoustic Stimulus (Buzzer) for Rats

BH2 76-0335 LE100250 Pellets Dispenser w/Feeder for Mice

BH2 76-0353 LE100550 Pellets Dispenser w/Feeder for Rats

BH2 76-0336 LE100251 Photoelectric Detector of Access(Feeder & Drink & Nose Poke) for Mice

BH2 76-0354 LE100551 Photoelectric Detector of Access(Feeder & Drink & Nose Poke) for Rats

BH2 76-0159 LE10026 Shock Generator with Scrambler, 0-2 mA Output

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0162 LE1015 Harness Set for Drug Administration

BH2 76-0160 LE1010 Harness Set for Electrical Stimulation

BH2 76-0161 LE12605 Electrical Stimulator (Auto-Stimulation)

102

Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that occur inliving organisms in order to maintain life. Theseprocesses allow organisms to grow and reproduce,maintain their structures, and respond to theirenvironments. Body weight in adults is normally stableover the course of months to years. This stability in bodyweight occurs despite large fluctuations in caloric intake,thus demonstrating that energy intake and energyexpenditure are finely regulated. Indeed it has beenshown that changes in body weight result incompensatory modifications in energy expenditurewhich attempt to return body weight to the baselinevalue. In a similar way, the composition and volume ofbody fluids is submitted to a fine regulation in order tomaintain a water balance, which is essential for thesurvival and function of a living organism. However, thehuman body does not store water in the way that it storescalories (as glycogen or body fat), so a constant dailysupply is needed.

Metabolism is usually divided into two categories.Catabolism breaks down large molecules for example toharvest energy in cellular respiration. Anabolism, on theother hand, uses energy to construct components ofcells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Specificproteins (enzymes and hormones) in the body control thechemical reactions of metabolism, and each chemicalreaction is coordinated with other body functions. Infact, thousands of metabolic reactions happen at thesame time – all regulated by the body – to keep thecells healthy and working. After food is eaten, moleculesin the digestive system, called enzymes, break proteinsdown into amino acids, fats into fatty acids, andcarbohydrates into simple sugars (e.g. glucose). Inaddition to sugar, both amino acids and fatty acids canbe used as energy sources by the body when needed.These components are absorbed into the blood, whichtransports them to the cells. After they enter the cells,other enzymes act to speed up or regulate the chemicalreactions involved with “metabolizing” these compounds.During these processes, the energy from thesecompounds can be released for use by the body or

stored in body tissues, especially the liver, muscles, andbody fat. In this way, the process of metabolism is reallya balancing act involving two kinds of activities that goon simultaneously – the building up of body tissues andenergy stores and the breakdown of body tissues andenergy stores to generate more fuel for body functions.

This tight regulation of intake and expenditure ismediated by the central nervous system. This regulationneeds a constant monitoring of the balance (intake,expenditure, storage) integrated by the hypothalamusthat receives information through metabolic, neural andhormonal signals. Any dysfunctions in these systems maylead to important metabolism disorders such asdiabetes, anemia, hyper/hypo-thyroidism and eatingdisorders such as obesity and anorexia. These disordersare considered a serious and growing public healthproblem and research laboratories, pharmaceuticalcompanies as well as psychologists are seeking todevelop adequate therapeutic strategies for these andother conditions.

Food andDrink/MetabolismGuide

103103

Food and Drink/Metabolism Guide

Behavioral TestIndirect Calorimetry

Knowledge in the field of animal energyexpenditure is largely based upon indirectcalorimetry, which is estimation of metabolicheat production by the organism frommeasurements of indices such as oxygenconsumption or carbon dioxide production.

For the purpose of most energy-expenditurestudies, indirect calorimetry consists ofmeasuring the volume of expired air per unit oftime and determining the percentage of oxygenutilized. This data is then used for estimatingthe metabolic rate (energy expenditure) and therespiratory exchange ratio (relativemeasurement of fat, carbohydrate and proteinoxidation). Indirect calorimetry studies aregenerally accomplished by utilizingsophisticated systems whereby the amount ofoxygen consumed and carbon dioxide producedby an animal is precisely measured over aperiod of time. These systems consist of cage(chambers), air pumps, air flow controllers,valves, and a gas analyzer all controlled by apotent software for the acquisition, storage andanalysis of the data. Indirect calorimetry can beevaluated together with food and drink intakeand activity in metabolism studies.


� Studies energy intake and expenditure in smalllaboratory animals

� Non-invasive technique� Entirely automated procedure� Indirect evaluation


� Needs sophisticated equipment� Needs expertise for correct use� May be influenced by temperature, humidity, ambient

air changes (controlled environments arerecommended)


� Obesity� Bulimia� Anorexia� Diabetes� Drug Screening� Phenotyping

Behavioral TestFood and Drink Intake

Major health problems linked to food and drinkintake, such as alcoholism and obesity, thesearch to define the role of brain and molecularmechanisms in regulating food and drink intakehas taken on a new priority. Food intakeconsists of meal size multiplied by mealnumber which constitutes a feeding pattern.Specific analysis of these parameters is ofparticular interest since they are controlled bydistinct brain areas and neurochemicalmessengers and reflect different physiologicalsignificance (meal size relates to satiation,whereas meal number relates to satiety).Moreover, drinking has generally not beenconsidered in meal definition, a close temporalrelationship exists between eating anddrinking.In this way, a precise monitoring of food anddrink intake (amount and meal pattern analysis)along the circadian circle is necessary toevaluate fine alterations of these functions, inresponse to treatments, brain lesions or geneticmanipulations. Food and drink intake is aparameter that can be evaluated together withindirect calorimetry in metabolism studies.


� Allows studying intake amount and meal patternalong the day/night circle

� Intake measurements can be automated


� Laborious procedure if done manually� Not all the automated equipment commercially

available allow a precise evaluation of intake,specifically in mice


� Obesity� Bulimia� Anorexia� Diabetes� Drug Addiction� Alcohol Dependence� Drug Screening� Phenotyping


104

Food and Drink/Metabolism Guide

Behavioral TestFood-Motivated OperantConditioning

Progressive-ratio (PR) schedules permitstudying food-motivated behavior. Theseschedules require an increasing number ofoperant responses to obtain successiverewards within a session. For example, atypical PR 5 schedule requires five responses toproduce the first reinforcer and the responserequirement is incremented by five each time areinforcer is earned. The breaking point,defined as the highest ratio completed is aclassical measure reflecting the efficacy ormotivation strength of food and is increased inresponse to food-deprivation or reward highpalatability.


� Sensible to fine modifications in feeding behaviorthat can not always be assessed under free-accessconditions

� Sensitive enough for both mice and rats


� Requires food deprivation� Laborious procedure and requires many sessions to

train the subjects� Influenced by any alteration in learning process


� Drug Screening� Phenotyping� Anhedonia

Behavioral TestTreadmill Test

The treadmill test in rodents is a useful toolwith great value in the study of functionalcapacity and is a validated standard model forinvestigations in the field of humanmetabolism. A subject is forced to walk/run ona treadmill (adjustable speed and inclination)during specific periods of time. This test allowsthe study of various physiological andbehavioral functions such as long and short-term effort during exercise, locomotion,metabolic exchanges, cardiac function, motorcoordination and fatigue.



of exertion� Easy-to-do (for inexperienced users)� Applicable for mice and rats


� Needs repetitive daily exposures for training onthe apparatus

� Requires constant vigilance by the researcher toensure the animal runs for the experimental duration

� Use of aversive stimuli to encourage running


� Oxidative Stress� Diabetes� Parkinson’s Disease� Ischemia� Osteopenia/Osteoporosis


105

Food & Drink/MetabolismOxylet SystemModular System for Respiratory Metabolism, Food/Drink Intake and Activity in Rodents

Key Features� Extremely compact “built-in” system

� Same system for rats and mice

� Laser sensor greatly reduces the influence of air humidityand temperature on measurements

� Independent air flow control in each cage

� Highly accurate and stable monitoring of the food and drinkconsumption and activity due to the use of newly adaptedweight transducer technology

� Autoclavable experimental cages

� NEW! Option for respiratory metabolism measurementsin neonates!

Respiratory Metabolism MonitoringThe Oxylet is a modular system allowing the integration of respiratorymetabolism (O2 consumption and CO2 production), food and drinkintake, activity and rearing measurement in specifically adapted homecages in laboratory models.

Respiratory metabolism is evaluated by means of indirect calorimetryan optimized system for studies in laboratory rodents (mice and rats).The system uses standard Allentown Caging Equipment (ACE) homecages which are fully autoclavable for easy cleaning. Air tight lids, gridfloors, and food/drink dispensers are available as accessories to thesehome cages depending on the species to be used, mice or rats. Ourspecially designed lid easily converts the system for use with eitherrats or mice in the same home cage!

The Oxylet system also consists of the air flow control unit, whichallows a fine regulation of the air flow inside the chamber, is controlledindependently for each connected cage. A total flow of 20 L/min canbe obtained which will permit the user to conduct simultaneousexperiments with different animal species and sizes – making oursystem the most flexible available!

From the air flow control unit, cage samples are sent to the mostcrucial component of the system – the gas analyzer. The gas analyzer,which contains a laser sensor for O2 and an infrared spectroscopysensor for CO2, feature the highest level of quality with a 0.01% sensorresolution!

Special Oxylet configuration is now available for performingcalorimetry studies with rat neonates! Our optimized and validatedtechnology includes specially designed metabolic chambers whichaccount for smaller air volumes. Accurate sampling of this small flowis possible through fine adjustments of low air flow (0 – 2L/min) toobtain values for gases exchanged during the pup’s resting state.Specifically controlled air flow ensures sufficient time for the chambergas equilibrium and for small changes in gas concentration created bythe pup to be sampled.

The Oxylet system can also be adapted with our rodent treadmills forexercise studies! Simply combine our air flow controller and gasanalyzer with our single lane rat or mouse treadmills (see pages 27 to28) and select the air tight lane option.

Food and Drink Intake MonitoringFood and drink intake as well as activity are evaluated using theextensiometric weight transducer technology developed by Panlab/Harvard Apparatus. These transducers and their associated amplifiersare mounted in a specially designed platform beneath each adaptedhome cage. This technology allows the continuous assessment of theanimal food and drink consumption as well as spontaneous activity withthe highest accuracy and stability. Food intake is monitored with anaccuracy of 0.02g and drink with an accuracy of 0.01g fluid – the mostsensitive intake monitoring commercially available for individual rodents!

The base system home cages can be associated with 2 externaldispensers – both food, both drink, or one of each – depending onresearchers’ preference. Optional standard wire bar lids can be usedfor providing additional food and drink for non-monitored intake (forexample, useful in preference studies of different drinks).

BH2 76-0451Home Cage for Ratand Mouse

BH2 76-0451BH2 76-0452BH2 76-0455BH2 76-0459



106

Food & Drink/MetabolismOxylet System (continued)Modular System for Respiratory Metabolism, Food/Drink Intake and Activity in Rodents

Activity and Rearing MonitoringContinuous recording of spontaneous activity is easily monitored throughthe extensiometric weight transducers in the specially designed platformbeneath each adapted home cage. This transducer technology allowsdetection of the animal’s movement without displacement to a high levelof precision – even for the finest of mice movements!

Rearing assessment requires simply two additional InfraRed (IR)frames connected to the system.

Our optimized modular design provides easily expandability for any ofthe options of the system. The researcher can select only thosecomponents of initial interest but with the flexibility of adding any of theothers at a later date. Our highly integrated system minimizescomponents to save valuable laboratory space, contains fewer cablesbetween successive daisy-chained cages and is easier to clean andmaintain. The built-in display shows real-time data for total amount offood and drink consumed, total activity, and total number of rearings forquick monitoring of experimental progress from the front of the system.

Panlab/Harvard Apparatus is proud to announcethe newest addition to the Oxylet system –the Neonate Oxylet!Our system has been modified to accommodate neonatal rats as smallas 4 grams. A complete system would be the O2 and CO2 GasAnalyzer (LE405), Neonate air switching unit for 2 neonates(LE4002FLN), and either of the neonate chambers (NEO1 or NEO2). Toexpand the neonate system beyond 2 animals, you will also need theExtension Air Switching Unit (LE4004FLN) and the additional number ofneonate chambers (up to a maximum of 32 animals). Please contactour technical support department for additional details and literature.

BH2 76-0451BH2 76-0453BH2 76-0455BH2 76-0459

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0426 LE4002FLN Neonate Rat Air Switching

Unit/Sample Pump - 2 animals

BH2 76-0427 LE4004FLN Extension Neonate Rat Air SwitchingUnit/Sampling Pump – 4 animals

BH2 76-0428 NEO1 Neonate chamber, 215 ml

BH2 76-0429 NEO2 Neonate chamber, 550 ml

SpecificationsOxygen Sensor

Technology Laser Diode Absorption

Measurement Range 0-100%(only limited by the hogh calibration point used)

Resolution 0.01%

Linearity ±0.2%

Noise ±0.03% (20 ms average)

Accuracy ±0.2% (24 hours)

Carbon Dioxide Sensor

Technology InfraRed Spectroscopy

Measurement Range 0-10%

Resolution 0.01%

Accuracy < 10% of reading between 5% - 10% CO2;< 0.3% absolute of reading < 5% CO2

LE405 Dimensions 260 (W) x 330 (D) x 120 (H) mm

LE405 Digital Output RS-2332 Serial Port

LE405 Analog SignalOutputs

Connectors: Panel BNC female; Output O2:10 mV/% O2 Range; Range O2: 0-1V; Output CO2:100 mV+ (100 mV/%CO2); Range CO2; 0.1 – 1V

LE400FL Air Flow 0 to 20 l/min

LE400FLN Air Flow 0 to 2 l/min

LE400FL Switching Cycle 2 to 4 chambers in an intervalrunning from 1 to 999 seconds

Intake AmplifierResolution

20 mg (for food and drink)

Intake Amplifier Drift < 0.1 mg/day

Experimental Chamber Dimensions:

Rat/Mouse 259 (D) x 234 (W) x 209 (H) mm

Rat Pup 215 and 550 ml

IR Frame 16 IR beams spaced 15.6 mm


107

Food & Drink/MetabolismOxylet System (continued)Modular System for Respiratory Metabolism, Food/Drink Intake and Activity in Rodents

CitationsFranckhauser S et al. (2008) Overexpression of Il6 leads to hyperinsulinaemia, liver inflammation andreduced body weight in mice. Dialectologia. 51(7):1306-1316 (mouse, Spain)Knauf et al. (2008) Brain Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Signaling Controls the Onset of High-Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance and Reduces Energy Expenditure. Endocrinology. 49(10): 4768-4777(mouse, France)Bauche I et al. (2007) Overexpression of Adiponectin Targeted to Adipose Tissue in Mice: ImpairedAdipocyte Differentiation. Endocrinology 148(4): 1539-1549. (Energy expenditure, mice, France)Cariou B (2007) FXR-deficiency confers increased susceptibility to torpor FEBS Letters, 581(27):5191-5198. (Energy expenditure, mice, France, Netherlands)Clerc P et al. (2007) Involvement of Cholecystokinin 2 Receptor in Food Intake Regulation: Hyperphagiaand Increased Fat Deposition in Cholecystokinin 2 Receptor-Deficient Mice. Endocrinology 48(3): 1039-1049. (Energy expenditure, mice, France)Ikeuchi M et al. (2007) Effects of Astaxanthin in Obese Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Bioscience,Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 71(4): 893-899. (obesity, mice, Japan)Prieto-Lloret J et al. (2007) Hypoxia transduction by carotid body chemoreceptors in mice lackingdopamine D2 receptors. J. Appl. Physiol. 103: 1269-1275 (LE 400-4, mice, Spain)Tiraby C et al. (2007) Resistance to high-fat-diet-induced obesity and sexual dimorphism in themetabolic responses of transgenic mice with moderate uncoupling protein 3 overexpression inglycolytic skeletal muscles. Diabetologia. 50(10): 2190-2199. (Energy expenditure, mice, France)Valle A et al. (2007) Sex Differences in Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenic Features During CaloricRestriction. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 19:195-204. (Rat, Spain).Franckhauser S, Muñoz S, Elias I, Ferre T, Bosch F (2006) Adipose Overexpression ofPhosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Leads to High Susceptibility to Diet-Induced Insulin Resistanceand Obesity. Diabetes 55:273-280. (Energy expenditure, mice, Spain)Bienvenu G, Seurin D, Le Bouc Y, Even P, Babajko S, Magnan D (2005) Dysregulation of energyhomeostasis in mice overexpressing insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6 in the brain.Diabetologia. 48(6): 1189-1197. (O2 consumption, mice, France)Prieto-Lloret J et al. (2003) Ventilatory responses and carotid body function in adult rats perinatallyexposed to hyperoxia. J. Physiol. 154: 126-144 (LE 400-4, spirometry, rat, Spain)

Order # Model Product

BASE SYSTEM

BH2 76-0451 LE1301 Home Cage for Rat and Mouse(Requires accessories for species used)

BH2 76-0452 LE1302 Accessories for Rat(Air tight lid, grid floor, food and drink dispenser)

BH2 76-0453 LE1303 Cage Accessories for Mouse(Air tight lid, grid floor, food and drink dispenser)

BH2 76-0454 LE1304 Standard wire bar lid for standard pelletsand bottle accessories

BH2 76-0080 METABOLISM Metabolism Software Platform (up to 32enclosures) Requires MetabolismExperimental Modules for calorimetry, foodand drink intake, and/or associated activityand rearing

CALORIMETRY COMPONENTS

BH2 76-0195 LE405 O2/CO2 Analyzer

BH2 76-0193 LE4002FL Air Supply and Switching Unitfor up to 2 Experimental Cages

BH2 76-0194 LE4004FL Air Supply and Switching Unitfor up to 4 Experimental Cages

BH2 76-0145 METAOXY Metabolism Software Experimental Module –calorimetry

INTAKE COMPONENTS

BH2 76-0455 LE1305 Platform with sensors and amplifiersfor Food and Drink and Activity

BH2 76-0456 LE1306 Drinking bottle Rat/Mouse

BH2 76-0457 LE1307 Feeding Container Rat/Mouse

BH2 76-0081 METAINT Metabolism Software Experimental Module –Food and Drink Intake

ACTIVITY COMPONENTS

BH2 76-0455 LE1305 Platform with sensors and amplifiersfor Food and Drink and Activity

BH2 76-0459 LE1308 IR Frame for Rearing Detection

BH2 76-0087 METAACT Metabolism Software Experimental Module –Activity and Rearing Detection


108

Food & Drink/MetabolismMetabolism Software and Associated Modules

Metabolism SoftwareMETABOLISM software is the last element of the chain of componentsof the Panlab/Harvard Apparatus modular OXYLET system.METABOLISM allows the extraction of the data obtained from thesePanlab/Harvard Apparatus devices as well as the calculation ofimportant parameters for physiological studies. A combined evaluationof the respiration metabolism, food/drink intake, spontaneous activityand rearing is then rendered possible by the use of this very simple andeasy-to-use software.

METABOLISM consists in different modules, activated upon customerrequest:

• META-OXY -> for O2/CO2 metabolism studies(Including treadmill based studies).

• META-INT -> for Intake studies

• META-ACT -> for Activity studies (Including rearing)

The program gets data in digital form from the Panlab/HarvardApparatus devices. METABOLISM can also import and convert analogdata from the *.txt files generated by Data Acquisition Systems(PowerLab® recommended).

Analog output from each of the software modules is intergrated and agraphical representation of the time course for each parameter isavailable. Evaluation curves allow an easy correlation betweencalorimetry, intake and activity.

Gathered data can be processed and re-processed using different timeintervals of calculation. The program displays a data table which canbe saved in Excel format for further analysis.

Key Features� Converts and analyzes analog signals received from thedifferent modules of our Oxylet System

� Calculates data in user-defined intervals of time

� Allows correlation between food/drink consumption, O2/CO2metabolism and associated animal spontaneous activity

Parameters Measured� O2 consumption

� CO2 production

� Respiratory quotient (O2/CO2)

� Energy Expenditure (using Weir equation)

� Food consumption by user-defined interval of time

� Drink consumption by user-defined interval of time

� Mean activity by user-defined interval of time

� Number of rearing by user-defined interval of time

� Treadmill Data if applicable – speed, covered distance, numberof shocks received, total duration of shocks received





SpecificationsComputer Requirements 3 GHz processor or higher (CELERON excluded;

4GHz recommended), 256 MB of RAM(512 MB recommended)

System Requirements Windows® 98, 2000, XP or Vista compatibleoperating system (XP recommended)

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0080 METABOLISM Metabolism Studies Plarform

Needs Metabolism ExperimentalModules for Calorimetry, Food & Drink Intakeand/or Associated Activity and RearingRespectively

BH2 76-0145 META-OXY Metabolism Software Experimental Module -Calorimetry (Respiratory Metabolism)

BH2 76-0081 META-INT Metabolism Software Experimental Module -Food & Drink Intake Monitoring

BH2 76-0087 META-ACT Metabolism SoftwareExperimental Module -Activity and/or Rearing Recording


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Food & Drink/MetabolismPheCOMP System

Key Features� Cutting-edge system for studying compulsive food and drinkbehavior in rodents

� Unmatched sensitivity for mice (20 mg)

� Pioneers in the use of very high stability weight transducers

� Multiple combinations of dispensers

� Ensures complete retrieving of food and liquid wastage

� Uncompromised access to food

� Continuous recording

� External dispensers preserving animal living space

� Compact system with minimal maintenance

� Enables place preference studies

Parameters Measured� Food and drink intake amount (Compulse)

� Meal pattern analysis (Compulse)

� Global Activity (ActiTrack)

� Animal Tracking (ActiTrack)

Applications� Food and Drink Intake

� Compulsive behavior tests – food/liquid preference,food/drink adulteration, anticipatory place preference

� Global Activity

� Locomotor Activity

� Rearing

� Stereotypies

� Circadian Rhythms

Applications continued� Meal Pattern Analysis

� Addiction

� Reward

� Obesity

� Alcohol Dependence

� Anxiety

Components Included� Home cage

� Floor Grid

� Top lid with filter

� Platform including bridge amplifier, A/D converter,and data display

Options� IR Frames for Activity and Rearing recording

� Wire bar lid for MultiTake

� Two-compartment separator

PheCOMP SystemThe PheCOMP system is an innovative solution for measuringfood/liquid consumption and correlated motor activity as a means ofassessing compulsive behavior in rodents.

Developed as part of the EC-funded PHECOMP project(www.phecomp.com), this system allows for the behavioralcharacterization of several animal models of neuropsychiatricdisorders related to compulsive behavior in a home cage environment.

The Panlab/Harvard Apparatus PheCOMP system uses weighttransducer technology for measuring food and drink consumption, thusallowing a continuous signal and precise analysis of animal mealpattern with our associated powerful software package. The animalhome cage can be associated with up to four external units for food ordrink, all user-defined. The system registers absorbed food and itswastage by means of weight transducers of very high stability mountedinto the supporting platform under each cage. The volume of waterconsumed, along with any leakage, is also accounted for using thesame transducers.

Animal activity and rearing are recorded simultaneously using 2-dimensional infrared frames. The signals from each weight transducerunit and the IR frame are amplified, digitalized and sent to the PheCOMPsoftware for data acquisition and analysis. A track of the animal’s activityis recorded and can be analyzed using our ActiTrack software for furtheranalysis of the animal’s position throughout the experiment.

They system can be expanded easily with a single cable connecting theplatforms in series and the last platform is connected by RS-232/USB tothe PC.


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Food & Drink/MetabolismPheCOMP System (continued)

The modular design of the PheCOMP system allows a wide range ofexperimental procedures for characterizing the evolution of animalcompulsive behavior:

• General schedule for behavioral testing obese vs.non-obese animals

• Choice test

• Bitter test

• Starvation

• Screening of anti-obesity compounds

SpecificationsAccuracy < 0.03 mg for both food and drink

Home Cage Dimensions 189 x 297 x 128 mm

Platform Dimensions 410 x 320 x 75 mm

Activity IR Frame 400 x 290 x 13 mm, 16 x 16 beams (16mm spaced)

Rearing IR Frame 400 x 16 mm, 16 x 16 beams (16 mm spaced)

Computer Requirements Windows® 98, 2000, XP or Vista compatiblesystem, 3 GHz Hard disk, 512 MB or RAM (1GMrecommended), 256 color palette graphics cardfor 1024 x 768 pixels, 32 bit true color RGB display,one free RS-232 port or 1 free USB port

Order # Model ProductBH2 76-0203 MultiTake PheCOMP System Including Home Cage, Lid

with Filter, Grid Floor, Bridge Amplifies, A/DConverter, RS-232 (USB), Data Display. RequiresCombinations of LE1401 and LE1402

BH2 76-0204 Compulse PheCOMP System Software

OPTIONS

BH2 76-0209 LE1401 MultiTake Feeder for Mouse

BH2 76-0210 LE1402 MultiTake Drink Unit 150 ml for Mouse

BH2 76-0206 LE8827 MultiTake IR Frames for Activity/Rearing

BH2 76-0425 LE1403 MultiTake 2-Compartment Divider

BH2 76-0205 LE1404 MultiTake Home Cage Top Filter

BH2 76-0207 LE1405 MultiTake Grid Floor

BH2 76-0208 LE1406 MultiTake Wire Bar Lid

BH2 76-0003 ActiTrack ActiTrack Software for Activity/Rearing

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