ASC – SCOTLAND VOCABULARY

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A peak /piːk/ the top of a mountain Un pic, sommet

A mountain range a long row of mountains Une chaine de montagnes

A river flows /ˈrɪvə(r)/ Une rivière coule

Legendary /ˈledʒ(ə)nd(ə)ri/ mentioned or described in a legend Légendaire

A border the official line separating two countries or regions La frontière

To be inhabited by … An inhabitant

The islands are inhabited by 177,000 people. Être habité par Un habitant

Populated /ˈpɒpjʊˌleɪtɪd/ a populated area has people living there Peuplé, habité

To run away (from) To secretly leave a place where you should stay, because you are not happy there

S’enfuir

An estuary /ˈestjuəri/ the part of a large river where it becomes wide and flows into the sea

Un estuaire

To nickname He was nicknamed J.B. for John-Baptist. Surnommer

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A series of things /ˈsɪəriːz/ A set of things Une série de choses

Dynastic /dɪˈnæstik/ A dynasty is a family whose members rule a country or region for a long period of time

Dynastique

To retain /rɪˈteɪn/ To keep Conserver (tradition, statut)

Wide-ranging Diverse, considerable Étendu, varié

A wave /weɪv/ a large number of people moving or arriving somewhere at the same time

Un vague

A settler To settle

A colonist Un colon S’installer

An invader /ɪnˈveɪdə(r)/ Someone who uses force to enter another country Un envahisseur

A conqueror /ˈkɒŋkərə(r)/ someone who has taken control of land or people by force Un conquérant

Above /əˈbʌv/ Directly over Au-dessus de

A tribe /traɪb/ a large group of related families who live in the same area and share a common language, religion, and customs

Une tribu

Present-day existing now Actuel, d’aujourd’hui (adjectif)

Offshore in the sea, not on the land. En mer, au large

To comprise /kəmˈpraɪz/ To consists of two or more things Se composer de, comprendre

To be bordered by… To be next to another country, region Faire frontière commune avec, être limitrophe de

ASC – SCOTLAND VOCABULARY

Rugged /ˈrʌɡɪd/ Not smooth or flat Accident (géographie)

Roughly /ˈrʌfli/ More or less Grossièrement, à peu près

Nearby /ˌnɪə(r)ˈbaɪ/ A nearby place is not far away. Proche, avoisinant

To be located To be situated Être situé

Mountainous Montagneux

To be divided into /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/ To be separated into Être divisé en

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A trail /treɪl/ A path in the countryside Le sentier, la piste

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To be endowed with /ɪnˈdaʊd/ To say that sth has a particular quality Être doté de

According to legend Selon la légende

the width of sth /wɪdθ/ Noun derived from the adjective ‘wide’ La largeur

The depth of sth /depθ/ Noun derived from the adjective ‘deep’ La profondeur

A climate /ˈklaɪmət/ The climate of Le Valais is Mediterranean. Un climat

Vague /veɪɡ/ Not clearly explained Vague

To describe /dɪˈskraɪb/ The noun is ‘description’ Décrire

A mood He was in a bad mood all day. Une humeur

You are likely to see that You will probably see that Il est probable que vous voyiez cela

A glen A valley Une vallée (écossais)

A cloud /klaʊd/ Look at those black clouds in the sky! It is going to rain. Un nuage

Considering He does well considering how old he is. Étant donné que, au vu de

Relatively That was relatively easy. Relativement

Mild /maɪld/ mild weather is warm and pleasant, especially warmer than usual for the time of year

Doux (climat)

Even /ˈiːv(ə)n/ Even the dog refused to eat that. Même

It tends to be cold It is usually cold. Il tend à faire froid

An average temperature /ˈæv(ə)rɪdʒ/ La température moyenne

To drop below zero /bɪˈləʊ/ To fall under the temperature of zero Tomber sous zéro (température)

To rattle your teeth If the wind rattles your teeth, it makes your teeth move quickly and noisily.

Faire claque des dents

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A flag The Swiss flag is red with a white cross. Un drapeau

An apostle /əˈpɒs(ə)l/ One of the 12 disciples of Jesus Christ. Un apôtre

To petition To make a formal request to God or a king Déposer une requête

ASC – SCOTLAND VOCABULARY

To sentence sb to death They sentenced him to death for killing thousands of people. Condamner à mort

To crucify /ˈkruːsɪfaɪ/ to kill someone by fastening them to a cross with nails or rope

Crucifier

Christ /kraɪst/ Le Christ

To grant sth to fulfil, make come true His wish was granted. Exaucer, accorder

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Circa 832AD /ˈsɜː(r)kə/ Around Vers, aux alentours de

To defeat sb To win Vaincre qqun

An explanation Noun derived from the verb ‘explain’ Une explication

Regarding Concerning En ce qui concerne, à propos de

To resemble /rɪˈzemb(ə)l/ To be similar in appearance Ressembler

A sign /saɪn/ Patience is a sign of wisdom. Un signe

An omen /ˈəʊmən/ a sign that you believe shows whether good or bad things will happen in the future

Un présage, augure

Thus /ðʌs/ So, as a result Ainsi

A wild boar A wild pig Un cochon sauvage, sanglier

A task Sth you have to do, usually unpleasant or difficult Une tache

To martyr sb /ˈmɑː(r)tə(r)/ to kill someone or make them suffer because of their religious or political beliefs

Supplicier, livrer au martyre

A request /rɪˈkwest/ an act of asking for something in a polite or formal way Une requête, demande

Duly /ˈdjuːli/ In a suitable way Dûment, comme il se doit

Subsequently Next, then Subséquemment, par la suite

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A public holiday /ˈpʌblɪk/ A bank holiday Un jour férié

To be popular with /ˈpɒpjʊlə(r)/ If sth is popular, it is liked by a lot of people. Être populaire auprès de

A society /səˈsaɪəti/ Une société

A feast /fiːst/ a large meal for a lot of people, usually in order to celebrate something

Un festin

A custom A tradition Une coutume, tradition

A labourer /ˈleɪbərə(r)/ someone whose job involves hard physical work Un travailleur manuel, ouvrier

A hare /heə(r)/ A wild rabbit Un lièvre

A ceilidh /ˈkeɪli/ a social event at which people sing and dance to traditional Scottish or Irish music

Un bal traditionnel en Ecosse et Irlande

To pray /preɪ/ to speak to God or a saint, for example to give thanks or ask Prier

ASC – SCOTLAND VOCABULARY

for help

A toe /təʊ/ The fingers of your feet are called toes. Un orteil

An exit ≠ an entrance Une sortie

Within a year Before the end of a year Dans l’année, d’ici à la fin de l’année

To peel It is healthier to peel this fruit before eating it. Peler

A groom (bridegroom) a man who is getting married, or who has recently married. Le marié

A thistle /ˈθɪs(ə)l/ The thistle is the floral emblem of Scotland. Un chardon

Nowadays Currently, these days De nos jours, actuellement

To promote sth To encourage Promouvoir, encourager

A variety /vəˈraɪəti/ A collection of things… different from one another. Une variété

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Proud /praʊd/ feeling happy about your achievements, Fier

Humble Modest Humble

A weed a plant that grows easily and is usually found in places where you do not want it

Une mauvaise herbe

A warrior /ˈwɒriə(r)/ a soldier, especially in the past Un Guerrier

To be set upon by To be attacked by Être attaqué par

A Viking /ˈvaɪkɪŋ/ Un Viking

To tread on sth (trod, trodden) /tred/ To walk or step on sth Marcher sur qqch

Bare feet /bɛəʳ/ Naked, without shoes on Pieds nus

To raise the alarm /reɪz/ Sonner l’alarme, donner l’alerte

Evidence (U) facts or physical signs that help to prove something Une preuve

To back up a tale To prove that a story is true Corroborer un conte, une légende

Arms (a coat of arms) a special design that a family, organization, or place uses as its own sign and is usually found on a shield

Les armoiries

A bagpipes /ˈbæɡˌpaɪps/ Scotland’s traditional musical instrument Une cornemuse

The origin of it lies in Scotland. l‘origine de cela se trouve en Ecosse

Leather /ˈleðə(r)/ Strong material from the skin of an animal Le cuir

To inflate sth /ɪnˈfleɪt/ to fill something with air or gas Gonfler qqch

To squeeze To press firmly Presser, serrer

A tune /tjuːn/ In music, a melody Une mélodie, un air (music)

A target /ˈtɑːgɪt/ Something you shoot at Une cible

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A clan A large group of families or supporters of a family Un clan

ASC – SCOTLAND VOCABULARY

An ancestor someone who is related to you who lived a long time ago Un ancêtre

To (un)related to … /rɪˈleɪtɪd/ belonging to the same family (ne pas) avoir un lien de parenté avec…

A chief /tʃiːf/ The person in charge of a group Le chef (cuisine)

Blood /blʌd/ the red liquid that flows around inside your body Le sang

Warfare /ˈwɔː(r)feə(r)/ the activity of fighting a war La guerre, lute

A male /meɪl/ A masculine person Un garçon, homme, mâle

A tartan a pattern of colourful lines and squares on cloth that is typical of Scotland

Un tartan (tissue écossais)

A key-fob /kiː/ Key ring Un porte-clés

Beyond /bɪˈjɒnd/ outside an area Au-delà de

To consist of … Consister en

A garment /bɪˈjɒnd/ A piece of clothing Un vêtement

A plaid /plæd/ Checkered fabric Un tissue écossais

The waist /weɪst/ You wear a belt round your waist. La taille (tour de taille)

To give birth to Donner naissance à

A link A connection Un lien

To take pride in sth /praɪd/ a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get when you have achieved something special

Être fier de, s’enorgueillir de

Whereas While in contrast Tandis que

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A tip Advice Un conseil

On a special occasion Kilts are worn on special occasions mainly. En une occasion spéciale

A funeral /ˈfjuːn(ə)rəl/ a ceremony that takes place after someone dies Un enterrement

A belt Fasten your seat-belt during the flight! Une ceinture

A tie Narrow cloth worn round the neck. Une cravate

A bow tie /ˌbəʊ ˈtaɪ/ The cousin of a tie Un nœud papillon

A shirt Men wear shirts whereas women wear blouses. Une chemise (homme)

A jacket Put on a jacket before going out in the cold. Une veste

A pin Metal fastening Une épingle

It is worth £500 /w3ːθ/ It has a value of £500 Cela vaut 500 livres

Wool /wʊl/ A pullover made of wool. La laine

Velvet A sort of fabric Le velours

An accessory /əkˈsesəri/ A hat, a necklace or a tie are all accessories. Un accessoire

Sandals Summer shoes Des sandales

ASC – SCOTLAND VOCABULARY

Lace /leɪs/ a thick piece of string used for tying shoes or boots Un lacet

Socks You wear socks in your shoes. Des chaussettes

A buckle /ˈbʌk(ə)l/ The metal object that fastens a belt. Une boucle (métal)

Plain /pleɪn/ Simple in design, with no decoration Simple, non décoré

Silk La soie

A pouch /paʊtʃ/ A sort of bag Un sac, une pochette

Fur /f3ːʳ/ Animal hair La fourrure

The badge of a family A small object that represents the coat of arms of your family Les armoiries d’une famille

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A dagger A sort of knife Une dague, poignard

A brooch Accessory pinned to your clothes Une broche (accessoire)

a hose Socks, stockings Une chaussette

Ghillie brogues /brəʊɡz/ Strong leather shoes Chaussures basses écossaises

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A gathering a group of people meeting together Une réunion, un regroupement

A bard A poet Un barde, poète

A folk story A story read by the ordinary people of a region Une histoire populaire

Entertainment performances that people enjoy Le divertissement/spectacle

A village hall /hɔːl/ Ceilidhs are usually organised in village halls. La sale (maison) du village

To court sb /kɔː(r)t/ to try to impress or please someone Courtiser qqun

Leisure /ˈleʒə(r)/ activities that you do to relax or enjoy yourself Les loisirs

Elitist /ɪˈliːtɪst/ ≠ popular Élitiste

Urban /ˈɜː(r)bən/ Related to the city Urbain

Rural /ˈrʊərəl/ Related to the countryside Rural

Apart from Apart from John, I don’t know any other English man. À part

Shape-shifting That changes its outer form D’aspect changeant

To haunt /hɔːnt/ Ghosts have been haunting this castle for centuries. Hanter

Tame /teɪm/ Domesticated a tame animal Domestique (animal)

A stream A small narrow river Un ruisseau

To warn /wɔː(r)n/ To make sb conscious of a danger Mettre en garde

Forthcoming Coming soon Prochain, à venir

A storm an occasion when a lot of rain falls very quickly, often with very strong winds or thunder and lightning

Un orage

ASC – SCOTLAND VOCABULARY

To wail /weɪl/ to shout or cry with a long high sound to show that you are in pain or are very sad

Gémir

To howl /haʊl/ if a dog or similar animal howls, it makes a long loud sound Hurler, mugir

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Malevolent ≠benevolent Malveillant

A fairy an imaginary creature with magic powers that looks like a small person with wings

Une fée

Ruined /ˈruːɪnd/ a ruined building is old and has many parts that have been destroyed over time

En ruine

To murder To kill Tuer, assassiner

A boulder /ˈbəʊldəʳ/ Large, smooth rock Un bloc de roche

A stain /steɪn/ I have stained my shirt with ketchup. Une tache

For Because Parce que

In spite of Despite Malgré

Iron /ˈaɪən/ Sort of metal Le fer

A pike /paɪk/ A type of spear (weapon) Un pique (arme)

To outrun sb To run faster than sb Distancer, semer qqun

A bucktooth Front tooth that sticks out Une dent proéminente

A demon /ˈdiːmən/ An evil spirit Un démon

To quote a passage from a text Citer un passage d’un texte

A dwelling A house, a residence Une maison

A labour /ˈleɪbəʳ/ Work Un travail

Flat Plat

A nostril /ˈnɒstrɪl/ Breathing hole in the nose Une narine

To make up for sth To compensate for Compenser qqch

Disbelieving Sceptical Incrédule, sceptique

A glimpse A brief sight Un regard furtif, rapide

To prevent sb (from) doing sth /prɪˈvent/ To stop sb doing sth Empêcher qqun de faire qqch

countless Innumerable Incalculable, innombrable

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Accessible (to everyone) Accessible à tout le monde

A dialect /ˈdaɪəlekt/ The local variation of a language Un dialecte

An audience /ˈɔːdɪəns/ Spectators at a play, concert… Le publique (théâtre, musique…)

ASC – SCOTLAND VOCABULARY

To take place To happen Avoir lieu

Likely Probable Probable

To hold a party To organise a party Organiser une fête

Since then Between a past moment and now Depuis ce jour

Also /ˈɔːlsəʊ/ Too, likewise They also like dancing Aussi

stiff Rigid, not flexible Raide, crispé

Intimate /ˈɪntɪmɪt/ Personal, private Intime

A desire /dɪˈzaɪəʳ/ A want Un désir

To complement sth To counterbalance Compléter qqch, aller avec

Cracking Excellent, great Super, génial, top

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A pattern An arrangement Une organisation/un motif

A flourish /ˈflʌrɪʃ/ Theatrical gesture Un geste ample, théâtral

To recite a poem /rɪˈsaɪt/ Réciter un poème

Mashed potato La purée

turnip /ˈt3ːnɪp/ Sort of vegetable Un navet

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To be synonymous with have to do with, concern Être synonyme de

To last To continue for (duration) Durer

To cross the threshold of … The door sill Franchir le seuil de…

A gift A present Un cadeau

A fellow Scotsman A person of the same group Un écossais “ami”

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To rule over sth To govern Gouverner, régner sur

A slave /sleɪv/ A person who is owned by another and work very hard Un esclave

Tin Tape of metal L’étain, fer blanc

An empire /ˈempaɪəʳ/ Territory ruled by a sovereign Un empire

To retreat /rɪˈtriːt/ To give up a military position Battre en retraite

To erect a wall /ɪˈrekt/ To build a wall Construire, bâtir

A boundary /ˈbaʊndərɪ/ A limit, border Une limite

A Barbarian /bɑːˈbɛərɪən/ A savage Un barbare, sauvage

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ASC – SCOTLAND VOCABULARY

A freshwater lake Not saltwater Un lac d’eau douce

Above sea level Higher than sea level Au-dessus du niveau de la mer

A hump A camel has got a hump. Une bosse

To carry out an investigation Mener une enquête

To leave a question in mid-air to leave a question open, without finding an answer Laisser qqch en suspend

To dive A diver

/daɪv/ To plunge into water Plonger Un plongeur

The wreck of a sunken ship /rek/ The devastated carcass of a boat L’épave d’un bateau coulé

A tourist trap Un piège à touriste

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Bilingual /baɪˈlɪŋgwəl/ Fluent in two languages Bilingue

understanding Noun derived from ‘understand’ La compréhension

Harsh sounds Unpleasant sounds Des sons rudes, râpeux

guttural /ˈgʌtərəl/ Pronounced in the throat Guttural

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An aim /eɪm/ An objective Le but, l’objectif

To revive /rɪˈvaɪv/ To bring back to life Raviver, faire revivre

To share /ʃɛəʳ/ If you share an apple, you give part of it to sb. Partager

A remote village /rɪˈməʊt/ isolated Un village reculé

To attend a meeting To participate in a meeting Prendre part à un meeting

The dawn /dɔːn/ Early morning L’aube

A sporting event Un événement sportif

A meadow /ˈmedəʊ/ A field Une prairie

Swift Very fast Rapide

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To disobey /ˈdɪsəˈbeɪ/ Not to follow a rule Désobéir

An athlete /ˈæθliːt/ A sposts person Un athlète

For this purpose /ˈp3ːpəs/ For this reason Pour cette raison

An exhibition A show Une exposition

A hammer Tool used to drive nails into walls notably Un marteau

A fiddle

A violin Un violon

ASC – SCOTLAND VOCABULARY

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To overlook sth The castle overlooks the lake. Surplomber

Foggy Heavily misty Brumeux

It is acknowledged that … /əkˈnɒlɪdʒd/ It is commonly admitted Il est reconnu que …

To wander To walk aimlessly Errer

Black pudding Du boudin noir

Marmalade /ˈmɑːməleɪd/ Preserve made from citrus fruit De la marmelade

jam De la confiture

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A dish A food course Un plat

A leek The vegetable symbolic of Wales Le poireau

A recipe /ˈresɪpɪ/ Can you give me the recipe of your cake? La recette

Heart /hɑːt/ Organ that makes you live Le cœur

Liver /ˈlɪvəʳ/ Organ that is in your stomach Le foie

Lung /lʌŋ/ The organ used to breathe Le poumon

Oatmeal A cereal Du flocon/gruau d’avoine

Suet /ˈsuːɪt/ Animal fat used for cooking Du suif, de la graisse de bœuf

Spices /spaɪsiz/ Curry is a mix of spices. Les épices

Stock Meat of farm animals

To smuggle /ˈsmʌgl/ To import illegally Faire de la contrebande

To avoid doing sth /əˈvɔɪd/ I was tired and avoided making any effort. Éviter de faire qqch

Taxes What the state takes from your salary Les impôts

Barley A type of cereal L’orge

Yeast Fungus used to make beer notably La levure

Mature /məˈtjʊəʳ/ Wine gets mature. Mûr, mature

Surplus barley /ˈs3ːpləs/ Extra barley De l’orge en surplus

An alcoholic drink Une boisson alcoolisée

A label /ˈleɪbl/ A tag Une étiquette

An ice-cube Un glaçon

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A pebble A small stone Un caillou, un galet

A stick A piece of wood or metal that helps you keep your balance Un bâton

ASC – SCOTLAND VOCABULARY

Vital /ˈvaɪtl/ Essential to survive Vital

A hole On a golf course there are 18 holes. Un trou

A pursuit /pəˈsjuːt/ A search, a chase Une poursuite, quête

To neglect /nɪˈglekt/ To fail to do sth Négliger de faire qqch, omettre…

To ban (banned) To exclude Banner, exclure

To ignore /ɪgˈnɔːʳ/ To pay no attention, not to know Ignorer

To take up doing sth To start doing sth new. I took up skiing last winter. Commencer à faire qqch de nouveau

To spread (spread 2x) /spred/ To extend as far as S’étendre, se répandre

A scene /siːn/ The ambulance arrived on the scene of the accident. Le lieu, l’endroit

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a noble A person with a hereditary title Un noble

A thermos flask A bottle to keep liquid warm Une gourde thermique

A vacuum cleaner /ˈvækjʊm/ A hoover. Device used to clean carpets. Un aspirateur

A tyre /ˈtaɪəʳ/ The rubber round a wheel Un pneu

A mackintosh A plastic raincoat Un imperméable (manteaux plastique)

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Thrifty Frugal Économe

To originate from … /əˈrɪdʒɪneɪt/ To begin Trouver son origine dans

Despite /dɪsˈpaɪt/ We went bathing despite the bad weather. Malgré

To give money to charity Donner de l’argent à une œuvre de charité

To strip (stripped) To remove paint or wallpaper from sth Enlever (peinture, tapisserie)

The wallpaper Decorative paper for walls Le papier peint, tapisserie

Obviously Of course, evidently Évidemment, clairement

To move house To leave a house to go to live somewhere else Déménager

A coin In Switzerland the biggest coin is worth 5 francs La pièce (de monnaie)

A ditch A trench Un fossé

Competitive Adjective derived from the verb ‘compete’ Compétitif

A rival /ˈraɪvəl/ An opponent Un rival

Diverse /daɪˈv3ːs/ Various Divers

A stereotype /ˈsterɪətaɪp/ A caricature Un stéréotype

A prize /praɪz/ An award Un prix, récompense

ASC – SCOTLAND VOCABULARY

A field Cows like eating grass in fields. Un champ

A bid Auction: an offer to buy sth Une offre (enchère)

Unpredictable That can’t be predicted Imprévisible

A local /ˈləʊkəl/ Resident of an area Un local, autochtone

An entire week /ɪnˈtaɪəʳ/ A whole week Une semaine entière