virtual testing and evaluation with simware and the internet of simulations
TRANSCRIPT
Reference: Simware Technical Library
Date: July-2017
Version : 1
© SIMWARE SOLUTIONS S.L., 2017. All rights reserved.
Technical Resources [ Developing Military Test & Evaluation
Simulation Networks with Simware ]
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1. OBJECTIVE
This document describes how to leverage Simware platform and its associated
Layered Simulation Architecture to build any kind of Test & Evaluation
distributed simulation network.
2. INTRO TO MILITARY T&E
Net-Centric military operations are evolving to the use of “smart” weapons,
sensors and platforms that work “connected” in a Common battlefield. The
qualification process of the systems involved in Net-Centric warfare forms a
costly part of the development of new concepts and systems. Today, a
substantial portion of this process can be performed through virtual testing
(simulation), avoiding the need for multiple live tests of real hardware, that are
expensive, hazardous and can result in the partial or total loss of the tested
equipment (total in the case of munition).
Traditionally, the test & evaluation facilities and its associated systems are
created as “stovepipe” systems, built with different suites of proprietary sensors,
networks, hardware, and software.
This “stovepipe” and proprietary approach, even in the cases when it can be
applied, as in the case of T&E activities for a standalone system (not connected
to others in the network), implies an increase in the complexity and costs of the
project, because they use to be based on ad-hoc models, tools and
simulations, developed on a case-by-case basis to enable the test and
evaluation of the system.
But stovepipe and ad-hoc solutions are not valid for the case of “smart”
weapons that operate autonomously or semi-autonomously as part of a system
of systems, composed by multiple platforms, sensors and operators connected
by an integrated command and control network. In this case models,
simulation and tools to test, evaluate and qualify the systems must be able to
interoperate between them in a distributed virtual environment, in the same
way that the actual systems do.
Then, to support the war-fighting community, interoperability and reuse of
resources within the T&E communities are needed to validate weapon system
performance in a cost-effective manner. Cost-effective integration of
resources from T&E facilities is critical to test and determine the war worthiness
of today’s advanced weapon systems and concepts.
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3. REQUIREMENTS FOR A MODERN T&E NETWORK
To meet the requirements for cost-effectiveness, increased interoperability and
distributed simulation in T&E tasks, lead users as the US DoD has been already
working in the development of new capabilities supported by distributed
simulation architectures. The best-known example is TENA, acronym for Test
and training ENabling Architecture. TENA was developed as an alternative to
HLA to provide an enterprise wide architecture and a common software
infrastructure to reuse and interoperate test & training range assets. Other
example is the new Object Simulation framework (OSF), in development by the
US Missile Defense Agency since 2011 as the core test and simulation framework
for elements of the Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) to support full scale
simulations, ground tests and live fire events.
In both cases, main requirements are:
- Large scale simulations operating in a “plug & play” distributed
simulation environment.
- Capability to interoperate live, virtual and constructive assets without
limitations.
- Real time performance.
- An Open and modular Common architecture and tools
- Protect intellectual property rights of M&S providers.
- Enable the reusability of assets in different programmes and exercises.
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4. WHAT DO YOU NEED TO BUILD A MODERN T&E SOLUTION?
Virtual T&E is about to enable the seamless connectivity of digital models,
simulations, sensors, C4I systems and networks in an integrated synthetic
scenario. This is a typical Internet of Simulations scenario. The Internet of
Simulations or IoS is the generalization of the concept of LVC simulation or Live-
Virtual and Constructive Simulation, as distributed simulation is now known in
the military domain. IoS extends the Internet of Things to the M&S domain,
enabling the seamless interoperability of digital models and simulations with
people, processes and things.
Figure 1 Conceptual view of the Internet of Simulations or IoS
To implement an IoS solution you need a net-centric simulation platform, open
APIs to connect the simulations, people, processes and things together,
capability to use the models and simulations as services, workflow
management capabilities to manage the digital workflow and strict
adherence to standards to assure connectivity between heterogeneous assets
Figure 2 Main artefacts in an IoS solutions
To know further about the Internet of Simulations you can visit our dedicated
microsite in our web.
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Application of IoS to the specific case of Test & Evaluation ranges is very
straightforward. As in any other IoS application, we need to:
1. Implement a common net-centric simulation architecture, providing
common services and tools across the whole T&E domain.
2. Encapsulate the models and simulations as services, with standard
based interfaces.
3. Provide APIs and connectivity tools to integrate third-party assets, as:
simulations, operator interfaces, C4I applications or live systems and
sensors. In this case connectivity with common standards in the military
domain as HLA, DIS, DDS or MSDL/CBML is a requirement.
Figure 3 An IoS compliant T&E Simulation network
The best lever you can use to develop an IoS compliant solution as this T&E sim
network is Simware platform. Only Simware portfolio provides, just out of the
box, the foundation to build a fully open, modular and distributed simulation
solution that can be integrated with all kind of user interfaces, things and
processes.
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5. BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO SIMWARE PLATFORM
Simware is a platform to run large-scale simulated worlds in the network. A
simulated world can be any kind of virtual space, from a digital laboratory to
design new vehicles or a synthetic scenario to train collectively military forces,
to a virtual model of the human body or a full simulation of a smart city and all
its connected things.
Simware platform is based on a microservices architecture, named Layered
Simulation Architecture or LSA. LSA is a nominating standard at SISO. LSA is the
first microservices architecture for simulation, specifically designed to support
the development of real time and Net-Centric simulation products. As any
other microservices architecture, LSA allows to decompose the simulation
product into small and easily manageable components. Microservices are
called Entities in Simware and interoperate with other entities by exchanging
data through a distributed simulation runtime infrastructure, that is working as
the ESB (Enterprise Service Bus) of the simulation product.
Figure 4 Simware’s micro-services architecture for Net-Centric simulation
Simware platform provides a loosely coupled architecture, composed by
multiple layers that can work alone or in collaboration, depending on the
project’s requirements. Simware layers provided everything you need to
develop real time or event-driven simulations that can be connected with web
and legacy applications in any kind of simulation & training solution.
Simware entities manage persistent objects called Simulation Objects that
have a behaviour and a state that can change because of events in the
simulation. Events are modelled as Interactions in Simware architecture.
Simulation objects supports inheritance and are composed by attributes.
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Several instances of an object can exist at the same time in the simulated
world. Interactions normally provoke changes in the overall state of the
simulated world or of any instance of an object. Notifications of any change in
the attributes of an Sim object’s instance or of any interactions are made using
a publish-subscribe mechanism. Owners of the instance’s attributes of the
object or the interaction publish the data to a middleware that will transmit the
information to the subscribers connected to the middleware. Ownership at the
level of attribute in the simulation objects provides great flexibility to the
simulation, enabling sophisticated schemes of integration and interoperability.
For example, the position and velocity of a virtual tank can be simulated by an
entity but the position and orientation of the turret can be simulated by another
entity.
Let’s see the foundation of LSA and Simware with the example of a simple IoS
solution in which a virtual world is used to train the AI algorithms of the control
application that it is managing a flock of autonomous tractors to do remote
mowing. Next picture shows a basic simulation model for the virtual tractor,
composed by a FuelPump, a mowerdeck and an engine with a battery.
Figure 5 Example of a Simulation model in Simware
In this example, the simulation is de-composed in 3 entities or micro-services:
one managing the tractor platform and its mowerdeck, other simulating the
engine and a third one simulating the battery. Besides specific simulation
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events as overheating in the engine or change the oil, other interactions are
modelled in this case to command the creation of a new engine instance
when a new virtual tractor is created or to create a new battery instance that
will provide the electrical power to the engine instance. A live entity is added
to this scenario: the RemoteMowing. This is the real control application, not a
simulated entity, which is the controller of a group of autonomous tractors in
the field. This control application is driving remotely a flock of real tractors and
in this virtual world is doing the same function for the virtual tractors in the
scenario.
Figure 6 Deployment of the Simulation in Simware
The Entities or simulation micro-services in Simware can be deployed in any
machine in the network that has the middleware running in the machine or a
network interface to a remote middleware. In this example, the
EconSeriesTractor and TractorEngine entities are running in one machine and
the Battery entity in a second node. In this case, the Battery entity will create a
new instance of a Topterminal battery simulation object (Size75TopTerminal)
and will publish her attributes to the middleware. The TractorEngine simulation
will use the battery’s data and its own algorithms to simulate the behavior of
the instance of the engine. Attributes of the Engine will be used by the
EconSeriesTractor simulation to simulate the movement of the instance of the
Tractor simulation object. Control of the instance of the tractor will be made
from the RemoteMowing entity that is running in another node in the network.
In this case, the RemoteMowing entity is leveraging the features of inheritance
and ownership to attribute level in Simware to be able to control any simulation
object that it is a children of MseriesTractor. MseriesTractor has the control
attributes and RemoteMowing can then publish the control attributes of any
instance of its children objects.
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Middleware in Simware is in charge of creating the virtual messaging channels
between the publishers and subscribers, managing the flow of data between
them based on the QoS parameters established for each publisher and
subscriber.
A unique feature in Simware is that the entities in former example can be built
with different technologies and tools. In this way, co-simulation (cooperation of
heterogeneous simulations in the same application) can be done easily.
Following with the example, Entities EconSeriesTractor and TractorEngine are
built using the runtime infrastructure layer in Simware platform. This is another
layer in Simware, on top of the middleware that provides the common
simulation services requested to simulate physic-based simulations with real
time determinism. This layer provides the same basic artefacts you can find in
any simulation platform for real time simulators (as training devices or hardware
in the loop simulators) but integrated in a Net and Data-centric architecture as
is LSA. In the case of the Battery simulation, the partners in the supply chain that
provide the actual batteries are also responsible to provide the digital models
and simulations for the batteries, with a standard data-centric interface
compliant with the simulation model of the example. In our example, we have
two partners for the batteries, one has chosen to provide the Battery simulation
with an HLA interface and the other as a web service, with a REST based
interface. In both cases, they don’t need to use Simware software, only to
follow Simware’s meta data-models to interoperate with Simware based
simulations. The real control application, RemoteMowing, is a legacy
component that is connected to the virtual world leveraging its DDS interface.
Figure 7 Interoperability with Simware
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Simware provides extensions as Simware LVC and Simware Web to provide the
connectors to these external entities. All entities, regardless of how they are
done, can interoperate in the same virtual world because they share a
common simulation model. In all cases, intellectual property is protected,
because only the data interface is exposed and the software can be provided
as a service, running on a server in the facilities of each partner.
To know further about Simware platform and its architecture you can visit the
product page in our website or read the technical resources that you can
find here.
6. DESIGNING AN IOS COMPLIANT T&E NETWORK.
To get a better understanding of how to apply the Internet of Simulations
concept and the LSA architecture as the foundation to design a Test &
Evaluation simulation architecture we are going to use TENA requirements as
the reference. We use TENA as a reference because it is one of the best-known
architectures for T&E ranges because of its use by the US military forces and
some of their military partners, as UK, Australia, etc.
The 3 main technical requirements in TENA are: interoperability, reusability and
composability:
- In the case of interoperability, TENA goes beyond other simulation
standards as DIS or HLA, and push for semantic interoperability based on
common architecture, processes, language, exchange mechanisms
and data-models.
- To improve reusability, TENA demands, beside the compliance with a
common architecture, well-defined and well-documented interfaces
and the capability to talk a common language.
- TENA demands the ability to rapidly assemble, initialize, test, and execute
a system or system-of-systems from members of a pool of reusable,
interoperable software elements.
All former requirements can be achieved easily by designing a technical
solution compliant with IoS and the LSA architecture.
A data-centric architecture improves the interoperability between
heterogeneous assets. Simulation models in LSA based on simulation objects
and interactions provides a common language to all the assets, regardless of
the technology used in their implementation. Interoperability is also very much
improved with LSA because its support for multiple protocols and architectures
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in the same solution. Different layers can be added to the middleware to
provide connectors to assets using other protocols as simulations using HLA or
DIS, C4I systems using CBML or MSDL or real sensors using DDS.
Open interfaces improve reusability, because they provide a well-defined and
well documented interface based on a common language: the LSA simulation
model with its simulation objects and interactions. LSA simulation model is
based on HLA object model templates, assuring then a clear understanding of
the models by the main M&S communities.
Figure 8 IoS compliant T&E Simulation network
Composability is much improved with LSA, not only because of the capability
to connect interoperable software elements but also because it allows to de-
compose a complex simulation in small and independent entities or micro-
services. Only LSA adds to the middleware a run-time infrastructure simulation
layer that allow to de-compose a real-time simulation in a set of services, that
can be implemented by different partners. Common simulation services in the
runtime infrastructure assure the synchronized execution of the different
simulation entities with real time determinism, even when the services are
running in different machines. Other distributed simulation architectures as
TENA or HLA only provides a middleware to exchange information but they are
missing a standard real time infrastructure that can be used to manage real
time simulations in the network. Only LSA allows to compose a complex real
time simulation as the integration of several simulation micro-services running in
the network. This improved composability is the only way to avoid the ad-hoc
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and proprietary solutions that are now so common in the T&E products, as
already discussed in section 2.
A high-level design of a T&E virtual network based on LSA is shown in below
picture. Common data-models for the T&E network will be designed based on
the simulation objects and interactions as defined in the LSA simulation model.
Interoperability will be assured for all the entities that are connected to the
middleware and are using the T&E datamodel. Connectivity can be done with
a direct connection to the middleware using an API, through another layer as
the runtime infrastructure for the case of physic-based simulations or through a
connector, that is translating the specific protocol used by the legacy entity to
the common T&E datamodel.
Figure 9 LSA based Test & Evaluation virtual network
In any T&E network, besides the simulations and live systems and sensors,
analysis and replay applications are requested. To provide this capability, data
collectors can be plugged to the middleware, subscribed to the flows of data
in the middleware during the execution of the exercises. Data will be stored in
a data-base and analysis applications can use this data during or after the
exercise to do data analytics or replay the exercises.
To enable reusability, any T&E architecture must define a way to develop and
maintain repositories of assets, with open interfaces, that can be rapidly
assembled to perform experiments. In a rapid assembly, the common data-
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model would be developed using as a baseline the data interfaces for all the
reusable assets used in the experiment.
One important point to highlight here is that this design is fully uncoupled and
protect the intellectual property rights of all the participants. Publishers and
subscribers only know the connection with the middleware and its specific
interface with it. In fact, to increase the security, any entity needs to know only
the part of the datamodel that is related to its publishers and subscribers.
7. BUILDING A T&E NETWORK WITH SIMWARE
The design of the IoS compliant T&E network in Figure 9 is easily implemented
with Simware platform. Simware portfolio provides all the software, APIs and
tools needed to build this kind of distributed solution.
Figure 10 Simware Portfolio
Simware provides visual tools that allows to generate rapidly the structure of the
experiment directly from the simulation data-model. Visual Tools included in
Simware Core license allow to design the simulation data-model from scratch
or based on existing simulation data-models and design the publish-subscribe
interfaces for all the entities. Once the design is completed, the tools create
directly from the data-model, C++ and XML files describing the publish-
subscribe interface of all the Entities. Simware tools create also directly the
instantiation of the integration infrastructure based on the designed simulation
data-model, including the publish-subscribe interfaces to the middleware and
a control application (ACS) that allow to control the state machine of the
simulation and to manage the instances in the simulation exercise.
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Simware Web extension provides a Web server generator to create
automatically the web interface of the common datamodel. This web server
provides a translation to LTI1 messages of the data-models in Simware.
Simware Record&Play extension provides a generator for the Data Collectors
directly from the data-model. Data will be stored in a relational database using
a SQL interface.
XML interfaces created by the tools in Simware Core define in HLA format the
publish-subscribe interface of each subsystem/component. This XML file, or
Interface Definition File, IDF, in Simware terms, is used by SimDeveloper tool, an
extension to the Core in our portfolio, to do model-driven development of the
subsystems/components in the simulation. SimDeveloper is integrated into
Simulink, allowing to develop, integrate and test the simulations models using
Mathworks products: Simulink, Matlab and StateFlow. Automatic generation of
C++ code directly from the model is provided as a feature in Simdeveloper.
SimDeveloper is also the perfect choice to create and maintain repositories of
simulation assets.
Simware LVC extension provides PowerLink tool to generate automatically
gateways to DIS and HLA simulators and a Gateway SDK to speed up the
development of interfaces to any other standard or proprietary protocol, as
DDS, JAUS, CBML/MSDL, etc.
Integration of simulations compliant with HLA standard can be done using our
own implementation of a HLA middleware: Simware RTI Pro. This
implementation, fully compliant with IEEE 1516.2000, is designed to improve the
real time performance in a HLA network.
Next picture shows how Simware IDE enables the rapid assembly, initialization,
testing, and execution of a system or system-of-systems from members of a pool
of reusable, interoperable software elements as TENA requirements are
demanding. Indeed, Simware is the only simulation platform in the market that
embraces the best agile&lean software practices to do it2.
1 LTI or Learning Tool Interoperability is the standard used in Simware to connect with web and mobile applications. More details at
http://www.simware.es/open.html
2 Go to http://www.simware.es/agile-simware.html to learn more about how to adopt Agility with Simware platform
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Figure 11 Rapid development of T&E exercises with Simware IDE
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8. DEPLOYING THE SIMWARE BASED T&E NETWORK
In execution, Simware is deployed as any micro-services architecture, with a
simulation infrastructure deployed on top of the network3. Basic parameters of
the execution (distribution of the Simulation Entities, overall frequency of the
simulation, etc.) are defined in a XML configuration file that is part of the
runtime infrastructure layer. The middleware can be deployed on the network
using HLA or DDS protocols. Best performance is achieved with DDS and HLA as
the default exchange mechanism is only recommended for small scale
experiments, with many of the assets already compliant with this standard and
if you don’t need determinism.
Several sessions of the simulation can be running at the same time on the same
network. Simware supports the concept of Domains, that it is a logical scope
(or "address space") for the data-models definitions. In fact, when Simware tools
creates automatically the infrastructure (see details in former section), they are
creating an instance of the middleware for the specific simulation data-model.
Simulation domains are completely independent from each other. For two
Simware Entities to communicate with each other they must join the same
simulation Domain. This feature allows to run simultaneously several T&E
exercises in the same physical network.
Middleware will create messaging channels in each domain between the
publishers and subscribers of each type of data contained in the model.
Simware allows to optimize the performance of the publications and
subscriptions with specific service level agreements between the publishers &
subscribers and the middleware as defined in a QoS file. Simware provides a
default QoS file for all the publishers and subscribers but this XML file can be
modified by the user in any moment. This feature is very important for the case
of T&E exercises because it allows to change the network and connectivity
conditions between exercises without changing the entities.
3 A detailed description of the deployment architecture in Simware is included in the technical resource Understanding Simware
platform that can be found at www.simware.es/resources.html
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In execution, Simware supports periodic and aperiodic operations. Periodic
operations need to be synchronized and execute periodically and this is done
by specific services that are part of the runtime infrastructure layer in Simware:
the Scheduler and the simulation engines. Aperiodic operations will work
asynchronously and will be probably event-driven.
One Scheduler service will be running on one machine of the simulation
domain. Command of the simulation can be made through ACS console
provided with the software or by any application that is connected to the
control data model.
Periodic simulations will run under the control of a SimEngine. One SimEngine
service will be running in each machine that it is running periodic simulations,
as physic-based simulation models.
Event based Entities can be also running in the simulation infrastructure. This kind
of aperiodic applications can use the synchronization services provided by the
Scheduler Service (common state-machine, common wall-clock) or run
asynchronously only coordinated by specific interactions defined in the
simulation data-model. For example, an interaction can be a Request_LOS that
is processed by an aperiodic Terrain simulation service. Any Entity requesting a
Line of Sight service will publish the interaction and the simulation service will
publish the LOS for the provided location.
Other entities can be connected to the middleware to consume or publish
data. This Entities can be integrated in Simware infrastructure through the C++
and Web APIs or by using a gateway.
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9. EXAMPLE OF A VIRTUAL T&E NETWORK USING SIMWARE
Test and evaluation of system of systems demands the seamless connection of
heterogeneous assets, real and simulated. Real cases involve multiple
architectures and protocols.
One example is shown in next picture. This picture shows the high level
architecture of a real use case for Simware, the CITIUS Lab. This is an example
of a multi-architecture T&E solution that leverage the data-centric architecture
in Simware and its connectivity capabilities to integrate real and simulated
systems in a common virtual environment. In this case heterogeneous systems
are connected to a common simulation environment using different interfaces
as DDS, HLA, DIS, JAUS or MSDL/CBML.
In this solution, digital twins of the actual systems (unmanned platforms and its
main systems and equipment) allow to test the integration of the real control
stations of the unmanned systems with the naval combat system while is
operating a virtual version of the autonomous vehicle. Digital models of the
payload can be also connected to the actual autonomous vehicle.
Further details about this use case can be found at this page:
http://www.simware.es/use-case---citius.html
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10. SUMMARY
A modern T&E solution requests the
rapid assembly of live systems, C4I
applications, sensors and digital
models & simulations in a common
synthetic battlespace. The best way
to achieve it is by using the Internet
of Simulations concept, that is the
extension of IoT to the M&S domain.
IoS provides a seamless connection
between all kind of things, user interfaces, processes, models and simulations.
Only Simware platform and its LSA architecture are right now providing the
capability to build a military T&E simulation network in accordance with IoS,
with a fully open, uncoupled and scalable architecture.
11. ABOUT SIMWARE SOLUTIONS
Simware Solutions is leading the introduction of Open platforms into the
Simulation & Training markets. Our platform, Simware, leverages the new
Layered Simulation Architecture or LSA to fulfill the requirements of the lead
users of the industry, which are demanding open architectures, better
interoperability and increasing economical returns for their investments in
simulation and training solutions.
Our platform is the first commercial product in the market supporting the
Internet of Simulations concept. IoS is about to embrace technologies as
internet, distributed systems, open platforms, cloud computing and service
oriented architectures for the development and deployment of open, net-
centric and interoperable simulations.
Simware is the only simulation platform in the market supporting Net-Centric
simulation without restrictions, enabling new business models for simulation as
the use of simulation as a Service (MSaaS) or the use of simulation platforms as
a service (SPaaS).
Simware is the only simulation platform in the market that is useful in all the
phases of the simulation based system engineering of industrial and consumer
products.