vision: outline eye –color vision –receptive field –edge detection visual path –thalamus...
TRANSCRIPT
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Vision: Outline
• Eye – Color vision– Receptive Field – Edge Detection
• Visual Path– thalamus (LGN) – primary visual cortex
• Orientation sensitive; Spatial frequency
– Ventral Pathways • Area MT (motion), Object Recognition, Area V4 (color)
• synesthesia
– Dorsal Pathway • Spatial Attention
• Hemispatial Neglect
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Ventral
Dorsal
Visual Cortex
Dorsal
Dorsal Pathway
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Retina
LGN
V1
V4 ParietalCortex
InferotemporalCortex
(Relay Station)
(Detects Edges)
(Color,Form)
(Shape,Object Recognition)
(Location,How to reach oract upon)
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- Line-bisection task
- Extinction
hemispatial neglect syndrome
- Drawing
- Line cancellation
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time
Memory/Attention Task(fMRI / ERP)
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Regions of Interest
RightVisualField
LeftVisualField
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Stim 1 Stim 2
Single-Unit Recording
“spike” = single neuron’s action potential
(Macaque monkey)
SignalAnalysis
Receptive Field
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Attention Effects inSingle Neuron Responses
100 msec
Frequencyofspikes
Attended bar
Unattended bar
(Robert Desimone, NIH)
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• move your eyes (& your attention)• you ‘see’ the change -- you are
‘perceptually aware’-- at the attended location
• You are unaware at the unattended locations.
Try to find the difference between these two pictures
Attention contributes to object perceptual awareness
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‘look for blue horizontal line”
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• Inattentional blindness (here)
http://viscog.beckman.uiuc.edu/grafs/demos/15.html
Count how many passes the ‘white’ team makes
• Continuity errors (Terminator 2)
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Atypical Alzheimer’s Disease • Also known as Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA)• Similar pathology to AD, but:
– Localized in Parietal cortex
• Some clinical similarities to:– Right parietal stroke
(hemispatial neglect)– Bi-parietal stroke (Balint’s syndrome)
Hemispatial neglect
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Atypical AD Patient • 68 y-old male • Local bias
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• Impaired drawing
• bilateral posterior parieto-temporal atrophy, most pronounced in right hemisphere
• Left visual field extinction
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• ‘Perception’ Tasks: • Can the patient ‘discriminate’ two simultaneous shapes? (circle,
square)• Can the patient ‘see’ two simultaneous shapes?
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Buffer
Shape Discrimination Task: same / different
Display: Sequential
(duration tailored for each subject)
T 1
Ts 1 & 2
Mask
Interval
T 2
Simultaneous
Buffer
Mask
Buffer
Mask
88% correct 50% correct
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Count Task: one / two
Accuracy
R.D. (right TPJ) 50 % (400 ms)
Follow-up study - Single Figure
Accuracy 61% 46%
Conclusion:- R.D. cannot ‘see’ two objects
Control study: Single complex figure90% accuracy
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Interactions between Dorsal and Ventral Pathways
Objects exist in space