visual intelligence how we create what we see visual intelligence how we create what we see donald...
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Visual IntelligenceVisual IntelligenceHow We Create What We SeeHow We Create What We See
Donald D. Hoffman
Chapter 1
A Creative Genius for Vision
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Ben
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Sarah
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Muneeb
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We do not realize how We do not realize how we interpret the worldwe interpret the world
Creative genius
Visual virtuoso
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Without exception, Without exception, everything you see you everything you see you construct:construct:Color, shading, texture, motion, shape, visual objects, and entire visual scenes.For example...
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Magic Eye Books & StereovisionMagic Eye Books & Stereovision Normal ViewingNormal Viewing Focus on the thing you
want to see Vision comes to a
focused point at the object or image
Parallel-ViewingParallel-Viewing 3D illusions such as the
Magic Eye Looking through or past
the object (a window) Vision does not focus
directly at image
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Hint: ElephantHint: Elephant
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The RippleThe Ripple
2D surface Impossible to view as
flat Visual system not only
fabricates the ripple, it endows it with pats
Illusion works right side up or upside down
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The Magic SquareThe Magic Square
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The Impossible TriangleThe Impossible Triangle
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Wavy LinesWavy Lines
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Difficult to focus?Difficult to focus?
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Hexagon or a Cube?Hexagon or a Cube?
The Cube of Death
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Phenomenal vs. RelationalPhenomenal vs. Relational
Phenomenal SensePhenomenal Sense
The way things look to you.
Hallucinations of pink elephants
Relational SenseRelational Sense What you interact with
when you look A thing must exist to be
seen in the relational sense.
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Questions:Questions:Fight Club –Is Brad Pitt Relational or Phenomenal
Is it necessary to classify our vision into Relational and Phenomenal?
Is there truly a difference in what we think we see and what we interact with?
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The User-Friendly The User-Friendly Icon InterfaceIcon Interface
Our vision and the “icon metaphor”
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The Icon MetaphorThe Icon Metaphor
On the computer screen there are many icons representing many different things “in” the computer. These icons allow us to interact with the information.
Similarly, our visual experiences serve as our user-friendly icon interface with those things we relationally see.
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Is the Icon Metaphor True?Is the Icon Metaphor True? Is this disk in my hand really the disk I am interacting with?
OR is it merely an icon representation of something else that I am really interacting with?
Is this something that I am interacting with, even really in this place?
OR is this just an icon representation I am using to access something in a different location of space?
Just as the icon on this computer screen allows me to interact the information of a given file.
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Icon Metaphor Continuation:Icon Metaphor Continuation:
Is the disk really a disk when you are not perceiving it?
Is the disk that I perceive, numerically identical to the one you perceive?
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Semivision Semivision The vision of AnimalsThe vision of Animals Adrian Horridge
Gold fish have four color receptors
Honeybees see ultraviolet light
Flies use visual motion Day old chicks can
discriminate shapes Animals’ vision serve many
different purposes
Of all the species on earth and throughout time, how can we be sure our vision is the correct one?
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To To constructconstruct is the is the essence of visionessence of vision..
-Don Hoffman
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The fundamental The fundamental problem of vision:problem of vision:
The image at the eye has countless possible interpretations…
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How do all children learn to How do all children learn to see in the same way?see in the same way?
The Rules of Universal Vision and Visual Processing
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The Rule of Universal VisionThe Rule of Universal Vision Innate rules which grant visual mastery and lead to
consensus in the visual constructions despite ambiguity
Everyone constructs the same vision (with or without the same interpretation)
Part of the child’s biology, and allows the child to acquire, through visual experiences that might vary from one culture to another, the rules of visual processing
Similar to Noam Chomsky’s innate language principles
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The Rule of Visual ProcessingThe Rule of Visual Processing
Allows interpretation of what is constructed, based on prior experience
Allow the visually competent child or adult to construct specific visual scenes by looking
Similar to Noam Chomsky’s rules of universal grammar
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The rules are the key…The rules are the key…