vocabulary · query denotes a doubtful etymology or meaning. pull-faced . type in parentheses...

V O C A B U L A R Y

TO

C E S A R ’ S GALLIC WAR.

COVERING SEVEN BOOKS.

SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS. -.oc

8.. . . . . abs. . . . . - act. . . . . barr.. . . . cf. . . . . cog. . . . . comp. . . . comp., compar. concr. . . . conn. . . . decl. , . . , def. . . . . dep. . . . . dim., dimin. . distrib. . . . em h. . . . enct . . . . Eng.. . . . esp. . . . . F., fem.. . . fig. . . . . fr. . . . . freq.. . . . Gr. . . . . imp., impers. . imv.. . . . increased . . ind., indecl. . indef. . . . insep. , . . instr. . . . inter., interrog. intens. . . . irr. . . . . lit. . . . . loc. . . . .

. active. . absolu&e(Zy). . active. . borrowed. . compare. , cognate. . composition. . comparative. . concretely. . connection. . declined. . dey’inite, defective. . deponent. . diminutive. . distribulive. . emphatic. . ending. . English. . especiaZZy. . feminine. . figumtive(2y). . from. . frepentative. . Greek. , impersonal . imperntzve. , indicates theaddition

of a letter or letters. . indeclinable. . inde$nite. . inseparable, . instrumental. . interrogative. . intensive. . irregular. , literal(1y). . locative.

M., masc. . . . mrcsculine. neg. . . . . negatiw(2y). n. . . . . . neuter (intranritive) N., nent. , . . neuter. num. . . . . numeral. opp. . . . . opposed. orrg. . . . . originaliy. p. . . . . . present partici$le. pass. . . . . passive. perf. . . . . perfect. perh. . . . . perhaps. pl., plur. . . . plural. poss. . . . . possibly. p. p. . . . . perfect participle. prob. . . . . probably. pron. . . . . pronoun, pronominal. reduced . . . indicates the loss of a

syllable in derivation or composition.

reflex. . . . . refmive(ly). rel. . . . . . relative.

sing. . . . . singular. Sk. . . . . . Sanskrit. st. . , , , . stem. subjv. . . . . sub’~~nctive. subst. . . . . sudsantive(ly). sup., superl. , . superlative. term. . . . . ternzination. transf.. . . . transferred (i.e. f r . a

proper to a forced meaning).

unc. . . . . uncertain. v. . . . . . verb. wh. . . . . . which, whence. weakened . . indicates a change of

sc. . . . . . supply.

vowel.

Other common abbreviations will be readily understood. (-). A hyphen a t the end of a word means that the word is a stem; between two

words it means composition. (+). A plus sign indicates derivation by means of a derivative suffix following

the sign. A root is generally given in SMALL CAPITALS.

(t). A dagger denotes a word not actually found, but assumed as having once existed.

(?). A query denotes a doubtful etymology or meaning. Pull-faced type in parentheses denotes other spellings or forms. I, z ,3 , 4, refer to conjugations of verbs.

V O C A B U L A R Y .

A

A,, Aulus (wh. see). 1, see ab. ab (5, abs), [akin to Eng. of, o f ] ,

adv. (in comp.). - Prep. with abl., away from, from (cf. ex, out of). - Of place, with idea of motion, from : ab Arari iter convertere. - Of time, ab hora quarta. - Fig., front, with more or less feeling of motion : ab cohortatione profectus ; tempelare ab iniuxiis ; tutus ab ; ab ramis ( from tke 6ra?tches, as far as where they begin). - With expressions of measure, of, away, at a distance of: a milibus passuum duobus, two miZes fif. -With different notion in Eng.: ortum est ab, 6egan with; vacuum ab, destitute of; capit initium a, 6egin a t ; ab tanto spatio, so f a r of; ab oficio discedere (forsake, etc.) ; a quibus decedere (abandon, etc.) ; gratiam inire ab, secuia gratitude from, win favor with; postulare ab, ash of: - Esp. with passives and similar notions, 6y: accidere a Caesare (at the hands of, showing the origin of this meaning). -ESP. also (prob. as the place whence the impression comes), 0%

the side of; on, at, on the part o f : a fronte; a tergo; ab infimo; a dextro

cornu j a re frumentaria (in respect to) ; intritus ab labore (by). - In comp. of, away, apart; not, dis-, un-.

abditus, p. p. of abdo. abdii, -dere, -did& -ditus, [ab-do

(put )] , 3. v. a., pu t away, remove, hide. - With reflex., conceal one’s se& hide. - With in and acc., hide in, withdraw to (take refuge among), withdraw andhide away. -abditus, -a, -um, p, p., hidden, remote, re- moved: abditi in tabernaculis (secZud- ing themselves, etc.).

abdiicii, -dikere, -diixi, -ductus, [ab-duco], 3. v. a., Zeaa‘ away, draw away, take away, Zead 08 carry away (of persons or things which move of themselves).

abeii, -ire -ii, -itGrus, [ab-eo], irr. v. n., go away, go 08 retire, go (out of sight or away).

abiciii, -icere, Gci, -iectus, [ab-iacio], 3. v. a., throw away, thww down, throw (away from one’s self).

abiEs, -ietis, [?I, F., j r or spruce (tree or wood).

abiectus, p. p. of abicio. abiiinctus, p. p. of abiungo. abiungii, -iungere, -iiinxi, -iiinctus,

[ab-iungo], 3. v. a., diybin, detack: abiuncto Labieno.

abripii 2 acclivie

abripi5, -ripere, -ripui, -reptus, [ab-rapio, seize], 3. v. a., carry of (with violence), drag away.

abs, see ab. abscid6, -cidere, -cidi, -cisus, [abs-

caedo], 3. v. a., cut of, lop o& tear I& tear away.

abscisus, p. p. of abscido. absEns, -elitis, see absum. absimilis, -e, [ab-sixnilis, like],

adj., unlike. absistb, -sistere, -stiti, no p. p.,

[ab-sisto], 3. v. n., stand o& stand away, withdraw. - Fig., leave o& keep aloof:

abstineb, -tinare, -tinui, -tentus, [abs-teneo], 2. v. n., hold (one's self) o f i - Fig., refrain, spare: proelio (re- frainfrom giving); mulieribus (spare).

abstrlctus, p. p. of abstraho. abstrah6, -trahere, -trLxi, -trHctus,

[abs-traho], 3. v. a., drag of, drag nway.

absum, -esse, -fui (Lfui), -futiirus, [ab-sum], irr. v. n., de away, be a6- sent, be of (at a distance). - Fig., suspicio (6e wanting) ; nomen (be far from he(ping) ; ab eo quin (6e far f rom being) ; multum quin (lack much of, etc.) ; longius quin (6efar- ther of than that); a bello (keep aloof, take nopart in) ; ab hoc consilio (not be concerned in). - absens, p. as adj., absent, in one's absence.

abund6, -?ire, -Hvi, -Ltfirus, [tab- undli-, lost adj. st., abounding; cf. abunde, abundantb], I. v. n., over- flow. - Fig., abozcnd. - Transf. (of the place, etc., containing the thing), de stronf in, be rich in, abound in.

ac, see atque.

accBd6, -cGdere, -cess& -cessfirus, [ad-cedo, go or come], 3. v. n., move towards, draw near, approach, come up, come (to), advance to, advance. - Fig., come to : Remis studium (be in- spiredin, cf. discedo).-Esp., be added, where often an explanatory word is necessary in Eng. : huc accedere, be in addition to this; huc accedebat ut , thtre was also this (disadvantage) th&; so with quod, there was also the fact that, thew was also the reason that, or simply moreover, then again.

accelerb, -?ire, -%vi, -stus, [ad- celero, hasten; cf. celer, swift], I. v. a. and n., hasfen.

acceptus, p. p. of accipio. accessus, p. p. of accedo. accida, -cidere, -cidi, no p. p., [ad-

cado], 3. v. n.,fall to, fall z@on, f i l l . tela gravius (strike). - Fig., happen, 6efal2, OCCZIY, present itselfi turn out, arise. - Often euphemistically for death, defeat, etc. : si quid Romanis ; gravius a Caesare (be done, severe measures 6e fahen).

accid6, -cidere, -cidi, -cisus, [ad- caedo], 3. v. a., cut into, part2y rut.

accipib, -cipere, &pi, -ceptus, [ad- capio] 3. v. a,, take, receive: exerci- turn (take command of ). -Less exactly, volnus ; incommodum (sufer, meet with).- Fig., accejt, learn, hear, get, fake : excusationem ; usus (acquire) ; aliquid fama (hear of).- acceptus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., ac- ceptable.

acclivis, -e, [ad-clivus, slope (weakened)], adj., sloping towards, rising, sloping, ascending: collis ; aditus.

acclhitHs 3 ad

acclivitls, -tatis, [acclivl- + tas], F., sloje (upward), inclination, steep- ness

Accb, -6nis, [Celtic], M., one of the Senones, who stirred up his people against the Romans.

accommodltus, p. p. of accom- modo.

accommodb, (adc-) -tire, -tivi, -titus, [accommod6-fitting, or ad-comrnodo], I. v. a., j t on&: insignia ( p u t on, +st). - accommodltus, -a, -urn, p. p., fitted, adapted.

acciirltE, [old case-form of accura- tus, done with care], adv., with care, carefully.

accurrb, -currere, -curri (-cucurri), no p. p. [ad-curro], 3. v. n., run to, run up (on foot), rash u$ (on horseback), ride up.

acciisb, -Hre, -%vi, -titus, [ad- tcauso, assign as a reason or charpe], I . v. a., accuse, blame,find faul t with.

Hcer, -cris, -me, [AC, sharp (cf. acus, needle), -I- ris], adj., sharp.- Fig., keen, active, violent. See acriter.

acerb5 [acerbus], adv., bitterb. - Fig. (of the mind), feme inopiam (sufer srverely f%om, etc.).

acerbitls, -tiitis, [acerbi- f tas], F., bittsrness. - Concrete in plur., suferings (with a change of point of view in Eng.).

acerbus, -a, -um, [acer (treated as st.) + bus (cf. superbus)], adj., bitter (to the taste).- Fig. (to the mind), bitter, hard to bear, crue2.

PcerrimE, superl. of lcriter. acervus, -i, [acer (shortened as

st.) + vus], M., (pointed?), a heap, a pile.

acigs, -8, [AC (dzary) + ies (cf materies)], F., point, sharp edge. edge: oculorum (keen glance, glare). - Esp., Line, battle line, array, army (in battle array, cf. agmen), rank (of an army in several ranks) : acie instructa depugnare, &ht a pitched battle.

acquir6, see adquiro. Hcriter [acri- + ter], adv., sharply. - Fig., fiercely, vzolently, hotly (of fighting), with spirit: acriter pugnatum est, a jerce battle was fought, there was hotfighting.

lctulrius, -a, -urn, [actu-, movement (AG in ago) + arius], adj.,fast sailin: (provided with both sails and oars).

actus, p. p. of ago. acub, -uere, -ui, -Gtus, [acu-, sharp

(in acus, needle)], 3. v. a., sharpen. --aciitus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., sharpened, sharp.

aciitus, p. p. of acuo. ad [?I, adv. (in comp.).-Prep.

with acc. With idea of motion, to, towards, against. - Where the idea of motion is more or less obliterated, to, towards, for, at, on, agninst, in, near, in regard to. - Of time, till, at, on; ad diem, on the day.- With numerals, about. - Esp., defeme ad, lay bejovee; recepti ad se (among) ; ad fortunam Caesari defuit (Cmar lacked to complete, etc.) ; contendere ad occupandam (to, for) , and often with the gerund or ge. rundive expressing purpose ; ad certum pondus (up to, i.e. of ); ad modum (in) ; commeare ad, visit; ad impedimenta (by) ; ad auxilium

adHctue 4 adfIict6

(to give assistance) ; ad arbitrium (according to) ; proficisci ad (for) ; ad mum, to a wian ; ad celeritatem (for, in the way of) ; ad speciem,for show ; ad extremum, at last, )?zally. - In comp., to, towards, up to, up agaiirst, in, by, in addition, and the like.

a. d., see ante. adgctus, p. p. of adigo. adaequ6, -%e, 4 v i , -Htus, [adae-

quo-, make equal; cf. aequus], I . v. a., make equal to: moles moenibus (make as high as).-More commonly with the verb neuter and the acc. or dat. depending on the com- bined idea, h o m e equal to, equal: altitudinem muri (reach up to); cursum (keep tip with).

adam6, -%re, -%vi, &us, [ad- amo, love], I. v. a., take a fancy to, fal l in love with, covet, become attached to.

add6, -dere, -did& -ditus, [ad-do ( I and z ) ] , 3. v. a., give to.-Also, placeto, add (with acc. or absolutely).

addiic6, -dficere, -diixi, -ductus, [ad-duco], 3. v. a., lead to, draw to, bring in (of persons), bring, draw in (towards one), drive, force. - Fig., induce, drive.

adductus, p. p. of adduco. ademptus, p. p. of adimo. ade6, -ire, -ii (-ivi), -itus, [ad-ea],

irr. v. a. and n., g o to, visit, get at, come to, come u), go to (a place), get in (to a place), advance (somewhere), attack, approach (speak with), accost: with ad, come into the presence of;

ade6 [ad-e8 ( thi the~)] , adv., to that point. - Less exactly, to that degree,

so msch so: discesaisse adeo ut (su speedib that).- Still weaker, in jact, at all, exacth.

adeptus, p. p. of adipiscor. adequit6, -%re, -%vi, no p. p., [ad-

equito, ride, cf. eques], I . v. a. and n., ride ufl, ride against, skirmish with (of cavalry).

adfectus, p. p. of adficio. adfer6 (aff-), -ferre, -tuli, -I%tus,

[ad-fero], irr. v. a., bring to, bri9zg: litteras. - Fig., cause, brins forward, allege, reflort, announce : fortuna casus (britrg about, give).

adfici6 (aff-), &cere, -fCci, -fectus, [ad-facio], 3. v. a., do to, a f e d - With acc and abl., afect with, in- flict upoit, pvodrice in, cause to, visit with,jfll with. - In passive, sufer, receive, be in (a condition), be aflicted Jy, sufer f rom : beneficio adfectus, haviiig received favors ; magno dolore adfici, 6e.peatly distressed.

adfig6 (aff-), -figere, -fixi, -fixus, [ad-figo, j fx , fasteii], 3. v. a., fasten to (by insertion or the like).

adfingo (aff-), -tingere, -finxi, -fictus, [ad-fingo], 3. v. a., make up i7z

addition. - OE rumors, invent more, add.

adfinitas (aff-), -tHtis, [adfini- (close to, fr. finis, boundary) 4- tas], F., nearness.- Esp. of relation by marriage, relationshzj+ alliance, connection. - Concretely, a connection : adfinitatibus coniuncti (marriages).

adfirmati6 (aff-), -6nis, [adfirma- tio, cf. adfirmo, assert], F., assurance. - Concretely, an assertion.

adfixus (aff-), p. p. of adfigo. adGct6 (aff-), -%re, -%vi, -Itus, fad-

adflctae 5 adiGtus

flicto, cf. adfligo], I. v. a., dash against, dash upon, dash to the ground. Hence, werthrow, overwhelm, wreck.

adflictus (aff-), p. p. of adfligo. adfig6 (aff-), -fligere, -flixi, -flictus,

[ad-fligo], 3. v. a., dashupon. Hence, overthrow, wreck, overturn : navis (shatter, damage) j arbores (throw down).

adfore (aff-), see adsum. adgredior (agg-), -gredi, -gressus,

[ad-gradior, step, go], 3. v. dep., go towards, go to, march against, attack.

adgregb (agg-), -Ire, -%vi, -Itus, [ad-grego,jock, cf. grex,fEock], I. v. a., unite in ajock,gather: se (gather around, j o c k to) ; se ad amicitiam (attach one's setfto).

adhaere$ -haerEre, -haesi, -hae- sfirus, [ad-haereo], 2. v. n., stick (to), cling (to), get caught (in).

adhaergscij, -ere, [ad-haeresco], 3. v. n., same meaning as adhaereo.

adhibea, -Ere, -UT, -itus, [ad-habeo], 2. v. a., havc in. Hence, calZ in, admit, bring with (one). - Fig., employ, use.

adhibitus, p. p. of adhibeo. adhortor, -Zri, I t u s , [ad-hortor],

I. v. dep., encourage, address, urge, raZZy (soldiers).

adhiic [ad-huc, hither], adv., hth- erto (of place). - Of time, up to this time, tilZ now, to this day.

adiaceb, -iacEre, -iacui, no p. p., [ad-iaceo], 2. v. n., lie Bear, border on, be adjacertt.

Adiatunnus, 4, [Celtic], M., chief of the Sotiates.

adici6 (adiic-), -icere, %xi, -iectus,

[ad-iacio], 3. v. a., throw to, hurl, j i n g : telum adici (be thrown to, i.e. reach) ; aggerem (throw up).- Fig.,

join to, add: adiecta planities (with the addition of ). .

adigb, -igere, 4gi, -8ctus, [ad-ago], 3. v. a., drive to, drive up (of cattle, etc.). - Less exactly, drive in, drive home (o f piles), move up (of towers), shoot (of weapons). - Fig., force, bind (by oath.)

adimb, -imere, -Emi, -Zmptus, [ad- emo, take], 3. v. a., take away (the action being looked upon as done to somebody, usually in the dat.). - Fig., destroy, cut of, spem; pro- spectum (intercept, cut of).

adipiscor, -ipisci, -eptus, [ad-apiscor, lay hold of 1, 3. v. dep., obtain, secure: victoriam (win, gain).

aditus, -fis, [ad-itus, cf. adeo, go to], M., approach, arrival, coming, access: defugere (contact, intercourse).- Concretely, an avenue (of approach), acceJs (excuse for ap- proaching), admission, means of approach, means of access, way cy' approach, approach (in military sense) ; sermonis (occasion f o r inter- cmrse) ; ad uxorem (intercourse).

adiectus, p. p. of adicio. adiiidicltus, p. p. of adiudico. adiiidicb, -Zre, -Zvi, -Itus, [ad-

iudico, cf. iudex, judge], I. v. a., ad- judge, assign (by deliberation).

adiungb, -iungere, -ifinxi, -ifinctus, [ad-iungo], 3. v. a.,join to, unite to, attach, unite wifh.

adiiitor, -t6ris, [ad-tiutor, cf. adiuvo, he&], M., he&er, assistant, abettor,

adiiitus, p. p. of adiuvo.

adiuv6 6 adquIrd

adiuvi5, -iuvare, -itivi, -ifitus, [adiuvo, help], I. v. a., assist, he& he& on, be of advantage, be an assistance to ; ad spem (encourage).

adliitus (all-), p. p. of adfero. adlicib (all-), -licere, -lex& -lectus,

[ad-lacio], 3. v. a,, alhre to, invzte, tntice, attract.

admaturb, -ire, -%vi, -Ltus, [ad-ma- turo, fr. maturus, early], I. v. a., hasten : defectionem (bring to a head more guickly).

administer, -tri, [ad-minister, servant], M., servant, minister: ad sac- rificia (priest. ceLebrant).

administrb, -%re, -Pvi, -?itus, [ad- ministro, serve], I. v. a., carry into execution, peyform, execute, carry out, carry on (war), attend to (duties): imperia (give, carry out the duties of a commander).

admiriitus, p. p. of admiror. admiror, -%ri, -Htus, [ad-miror,

wonder], I. v. dep., be surprised, wonder at, admire. - admirandus, -a, -urn, as adj., suvprising. -admi- rxtus, -a, -um, p. p. in pres. sense, aeinz surprised, wondering.

admissus, p. p. of admitto. admittb, -mittere, -misi, -missus,

[ad-rnitto], 3. v. a., (fetgo to), Zetgo: admisso equo, at f z d Z sped. - Fig., allbw (cf. corn- and per-mitto) : inse facinus (commit a crime) ; dedecus

Also pass. without in se, be com- m itted.

admodum [ad-modum, measure, Zimit], adv., to a degree. Hence, very, very much, great&, exceeding&, EO (very) much.

(permit to be imrrrred, incnr). -

admone6, -Ere, -ui, -itus, [ad-moneo], 2. v. a., warn, urge.

adolSsc6, -olEscere, -oltvi, -ultus, [ad-olesco, g r m ] , 3. v. n., grow up (to maturity), mature. See also adulescens.

adorior, -oriri, -ortus, [ad-onor], 4. v. dep., (rise up against), attack, assail.

adortus, -a, -urn, p. p. of adorior. adparb (app-), -ire, -%vi, -itus,

[ad-paro, make ready, cf. pareo, be on hand], I . v. a. and n., prepare, get ready, make prefarations.

adpellb (app-), -pellere, -puli, -pulsus, [ad-pello, drive], 3. v. a. and n., land (ships), bring to land.

adpetb (app-), -petere, -petivi, -petitus, [ad-peto, aim at], 3. v. a. and n., seek to gain, desire, aim at. - Abs., approach.

adplicb (app-), -plic%re, -Hvi (-ni), -plicHtus (-plicitus), [ad-plico, f o ld] , I. v. a., (bend towards). With reflex., lean against.

adportli (app-), -?ire, -%vi, -itus, [ad-porto, carry], I. v. a,, bring in, bring (to some place).

adprobb (app-), -ire, -Zvi, -itus, [ad-probo, esteem good, cf. probus, good], I. v.a., approve of; agree with (an opinion or action).

adpropinqub (app-), -ire, -Pvi, no p. p., [ad-propinquo, cf. propinquus, near], I. v. n., approach, come nearer, come near.

adpulsus (app-), p. p. of adpello. adquirb (acq-), -quirere, -quisivi,

-quisitus, [ad-quaero, seek], 3. v. a. (get in add&n), acquire: aliquid (gain some advantage).

7- a

ampi8 7 advert6

adripi6 (am), -ripere, -ripui, - rep tus, [ad-rapio], 3. v. a., snatch u$, seize.

adroganter (arr-), [adrogant- (st. of p. of adrogo, assume) 4- ter], adv., with presumption, presumin&, with insolence.

adrogantia (arr-), -ae, [adrogant- (see preceding) f ia], F., insolence, insolent conduct, presumption.

adscend6, see ascendo. adsclnsus, see ascensus. adscisc6 (asc-), -sciscere, -scivi,

-scitus, [ad-scisco, approve, fr. scio], 3. v. a,, attach (by formal decree). -Less exactly, atfach to (one’s self), unite with (one’s self).

adsiduus (ass-), -a, -urn, [ad- tsiduus (SED in sedeo, sit) + uus], adj., (sitting by), constant, continued, incessant.

adsist6 (ass-), -&ere, -stiti, no p. p., [ad-sisto, pZace (one’s self)], 3. v. n., stand by, attend, assist: in conspectu patris (appear).

adspectus (asp-), -Gs, [ad-tspectus, cf. adspicio, Zoo& a t ] , M., a ZooRing at. - Transf., an appearance, aspect.

adsulfacia (ass-), -facere, -feci, factus, [tadeue- (cf. suesco, become

accustomed) -facio, make], 3. v. a,, accustom, train.- Pass., be accustomed.

adsulfactus (ass-), -a, -um, p. p. of adsuefacio.

adsueace (ass-), -sutscere, -suEvi, -suetus, [ad-suesco, become accw- tomed], 3. v. a. and n., accustom, become acczutomed, become wonted (of animals).

adsuetus (ass-), -a, -urn, p. p. of adsuesco.

adsum, -esse, -fui, -futfirus, [adsum], irr. v. n., be near, be by, be present, be at hand, be there, appear.

Aduatuca, -ae [Celtic, a fortress 11, F., a fortress of the Eburones (prob. Tongres), near the Meuse.

Aduatuci, &urn [Celtic], M., pl., a tribe of the Belga: (originally Ger. mans) living on the west bank of the Meuse (later, Tongri).

adul6scEns (adol-), -en& [p. of adolesco, grow up], adj., young. - As noun, a youth, yo2mg man.- With proper names, theyounger (Jr., to distinguish one from his father).

adullscentia (adol-), -ae, [adules- cent- + ia], F., youth.

adullscentulus (adol-), -i, [adulee cent- 4- ulus, dim. end.], M. (often as adj.), a mere b y , very yomg.

adventus, -Cis, [ad-tventus, cf. advenio, come to], M., a coming, arrival, approach.

adverslrius, -a, -urn, [adversi- (reduced) 4- arius], adj., (turned towards), opposed. - A s noun, oppe nent, adversary, foe, enemy.

adversus, p. p. of adverto, in various uses.

adversus, prep. with acc., see adverto.

advertij, -vertere, -verti, -versus, [ad-verto], 3. v. a., turn towards: animum (turn the attention, notice, see animadverto), turn against, turn (to anything). -adversus, -a, -um, p. p. as adj., in front, opposed, opposite, in opaposition. adverse, un-

advoc6 a aestivus

favorable, in the face of: proelium (unsuccessful) ; hostibus adversus oc- currebant (rigi‘lt against, in their front) ; in adversum os, r i ~ h t in the face; flumine (z@, cf. secunao) ; res adversae, adversity, want of success. - adversus [petrified as adv., cf. versus], prep. with acc., against.

advocij, -%re, -%vi, -%tus, [ad-voco], I. v. a., call (to one), summon.

adval6, -%re, 4 v i , -8tfirus, [ad- volo], I . v. n.,fl’y to, fl’y at. - Less exactly, of cavalry, rush at, $y at, chai-ge upon.

aedificium, -i, [taedific- (cf. aedi- fico) + ium], N., 6iiilding. - Esp. buildings standing singly, opposed to villages,farm houses.

aedificij, -%re, -%vi, -Stus, [faedific- (aedes, house, FAC in facio)], I . v. a., bziild (of houses). - Less exactly, of ships.

aeger, -gra, g u m , [?I, adj., sick, disabled.

aegerrims, superl. of aegre. aegre [old case-form of aeger],

adv.,/eebZy. Hence, with dificulty, kuru’@, scarce@, bare@.

Aemilius, 4, [?], M., (Lucius), a Gaul, a subaltern in Caesar’s Gallic cavalry. Probably named from some Roman Aemilius from whom he had received the citizenship.

aequiiliter [aequali- (fr. aequus, men) -k ter], adv., evert@, unifrmb.

aequinoctium, -i, [as if aequinoct-, indirectly fr. aequo-, equal, nox (nisht) + ium], N., the time of the equinox, the equinox.

aequitiis, -t;tis, [dequi$ (even,

eqz<al) -I- tas], P., evenness. Hence (cf. aequus),~zii-ness,izistice. - Esp., aequitas animi, evenness of mind, contentment, resignation.

aequ6, -are, -%vi, -atus, [aequ&, eyiial], I . v. a., mufie eqiial, equalize.

aequus, -a, -urn, [ ?, perh. akin to unus, formed with -cus instead of -nus], adj., even, level, equal. IIence,/air, jmt, eqziitu6Le. - Esp., aequus animus, eyuanimity, contentment, resignatron ; aequo animo aliquid facere (Be res&ned to, be satis$ed to, be content to) ; contentio ( m z equal terms) ; aequo Marte, on cqunl terms, wiih eqiial success.

aeririus, -a, -urn, [aer- (as st. of aes, copper) + arius], adj., (having t o do with c o f j e r ) . - Fem. as noun, a mine.

aereus, -a, -um, [aer- (as st. of aes, cojper) f eus], adj., ofcopper, copjer (as adj.).

aes, aeris, [?I, N., c#pper (as metal for ships, or as money). Hence, many.- Esp., alienum (debt, another man’s money).

aestiis, -t%tis, [st. akin to aedes (hearth) + tas], F., (heat), szirnvzcr (the season for military operations).

aestimiiti6, -6nis, [aeetima- (st. of aestimo, value) + tio], F., valua- tion, estimation, vuliie.

aestim6, -ire, -iivi, -%tus, [aesti- mii-, assayer], I . v. a., valtie, estimate.- Less exactly, regard: gravius (consider more serious, of calamities).

aestivus, -2, -urn, [taestu- (cf. aestus, heat) f ivus], adj., hot. Hence, simmer (as adj.) : tempus.

aestulrius 9 iiliirius

aestuarius, -a, -um, [aestu- (cf. agg- (except agger), see adg-. aestus, tide) + arius], adj., (relat- agita, -%re, -Hvi, -Stus, [agit& ing to the fide). - Only in neut., as (freq. of ago, put in motion)], I . v. noun, creek, estuary, marsh. '

aestus, -tfis, [AID (in aedes, hearth) 4- tus], M., heat (plur. in same sense). Hence, boiling, M e .

aetls, -tiitis, [for aevitas, fr. aevo- (st. of aevum, age) + tas], F., age (of old or young) : aetate confec- tus, oppressed with years.

a., drive, chase. Hence, vex, trouble. -Fig., turn mer (in mind),propose, discuss, purpose.

agmen, -minis, [AG (in ago, put in motion) + men], N., a moving, a march. - Concretely (of bodies in motion), a body in motion, a column, an army, a litze (of troops in march),

aeternus, -a, -urn, [aevo- (st. of a train, a Jeet. - Less exactly, an aevum, age) 4- ternus], adj., (relat- army (not in march). Phrases : ing to age), eternal, lasting. primum (the van) ; novissimum (the

rear) ; claudere (bring up the rear) ; conferto agmine, in close order; ag-

aff-, see adf-. Africus, -a, -urn, [Afro- (st. of Afer,

Ajrican) -I- cus], adj., of Ajrica. - Esp., sc. ventus, the S.W; wind (blowing from Africa to Italy).

Hfuisse, Hfutiirus, see absum. AgEdincum, -i, [Celtic], N., chief

town of the Senones, on the Yonne; now Sens.

ager, agri, [AG in ago (drive?)

mine, on the march; agmen legi- onum (the main column); extremo agmine, in the rear.

ag8, agere, Bgi, Hctus, [AG, put in motion], 3. v. a., drive (apparently from behind, cf. duco, lead) : sub- licas (drive down) ; vineas, tunes, etc. (set in motion, move on,

IUS, akin to Eng. acre], M., land advance) ; cuniculos (extend); ac portare (of live stock as booty, drive of). -Loosely, do (cf. " carry on "), act, treat, discuss, plead. - Phrases : conventurn (hold) ; gratias (render, give, express, cf. habere and referre) : quid agit, what is one about?; quid agitur, what is going on ?; de obses- sione agere (do anything about, engage in) .

(cultivated), jelds, country (opposed to city), territory (country), cultivated lands, je lds (as opposed to woods).

agger, -eris, [ad-ger (for GES in gero, as st.], M., (thatwhich iscarried to a place), earth (for a wall), earth o j a wall, a ntound of earfh, a wall, a rampart, a mole, a dike (either the regular earthwork of the Romans agricultiira, see cultura. for an entrenched camp or line of alacer, -cris, -cre, [ ? I , adj., active, circumvallation, or the dike of ap- eager, spirited. proach, a long sloping mound lead- alacritls, -tLtis, [alacri- (eager) 4- ing up to the height of the walls) : tas], F., eagerness, readiness, spirit, cotidianus (daily addition to the dike prom$tness. or walls). lllrius, -a, -urn, [alsri- (st. of

albus 10 aliue

ala, wing, + ris) + ius], adj. @e- longing to the wings). Hence, of the allies (who held the wings of the army). - M. plur. as noun, allzes, auxiliaries.

albus, -a, -um, [I, cf. Alpes], adj., white (pale, opp. to ater, cf. candi- dus, shining white, opp. to niger) : plumbum album, tin.

alces, -is, [Teutonic, cf. elk], F., the elk (a large beast of the deer kind, resembling the moose).

Alesia, -ae, [Gallic], F., a city of the Mandubii, west of Dijon ; now Alise Ste. h’eine.

alifis [unc. case-form of alius, but cf. foras], adv., elsewhere. - Of time,atanothertime : alias . . . alias, now . . . now (cf. alius . . . alius).

alienfitus, p. p. of alieno. alignti, -Ere, -Ivi, -Itus, [alien&,

another’s], I . v. a., make another’s. - Also, make strange, alienate, es- trange : alienata mente, in a frenzy.

alienus, -a, -urn, [unc. st. akin to alius, other, (prob. imitated from verb-stems of 2d conj.) + nus], adj., another’s, of others, otherpeo- ple’s: fines (others’) ; aes (debt). Hence, strange, foreign, uitfavorable (cf. suus), foreign to the purpose. - Superl., M. plur. as noun, perfect strangers.

alib [old case-form of alius], adv., elsewhither, elsewhere (of end of motion),

aliquamdiii [aliquarn-diu, cf. quam diu], adv., f o ~ some time, some time, a considerable time.

aliquandti [ali- (in alius, other) -quando, when], at some time. -

Emphatically, at Zast (at Jome time, though not before).

aliquantb, see aliquantus. aliquantus, -a, -urn, [ali- (in alius,

other) -quantus, hozu great (cf. aliquis)], adj., coas2derable.- Neut , as noun, a good deal, a conszdera(1e part.-aliquantti (as abl. of measure), by conszderable, conszdtrabb, n good deal.

aliquis (-qui), -qua, -quid (-quod), [ali- (in alius, other) -quis, any], in. def. prom (more forcible than quis ; not universal, like quisquam), some, any. - Emph., some (considerable), any (important). -As noun, some one, any one, something, anything.

aliquot [ali- (in alius, other) -quo& how many], indecl. adj., several, some (more than one, but not conceived as many).

aliter [ali- (in alius, other) + ter], adv., otherwise, dferently. - Often rendered by a noun or adjective implied in the context, aliter se habere ac, be diferent f rom what, etc. ; nec aliter sentire quin, have noothtr idea but that.

alius, -a, -ud, [unc. root (cf. else) + ius], adj. pron., another (any one, not all), other, different, else, another (of the second of three or more). - Repeated (either in separate clauses or in same), one . I . another, one another, one one (thing), another another: alius alia causa illata, a b Zep’ng d ferent reasons; alius ex alio ( f rom dferent , etc., one from one, another from another). - Esp. in a partitive use, ex aliis (with superl., most of all others, cf. u the

all- I 1 Ambivariti

fairest of her daughters, Eve"); alius atque (see atque).

all-, see adl-. Allobroges, -um, [Celtic], M. plur.,

a Celtic people (of Gaul), living between, the Rhone, the Isere, the Lake of Geneva, and the Alps (in Dauphiny and Savoy). They were conquered in B.c. 121 by Fabius Maximus.

a16, alere, alui,altus, [AL, nourish], 3. v. a., cause to grow, feed, nurse, support (supply with food), foster, raise, Keep (of animals) : staturam (increase). - Fig. foster,foment, feed.

AlpCs, -ium, [Celtic form, (cf. albus) + is], F. pl., the Al'ps, more or less loosely used of the whole mass of mountains between Italy (Cisalpine Gaul), Gaul, and Ger- many.

alter, e ra , -erum, [AL- (in alius, other) + ter (for -terus, compar. suffix)], adj. pro"., theother (of two). -In plur., the other p a r v . - Re- peated (cf. alius), one the other, one another (of two), one . . . the other. -In plur., oneparty . . . the other. -Also, the second (of more than two), another (the second of three) : dies (the second).- Also (esp. with negatives), another (beside one's self, where all are conceived as two parties, one's self and all the rest).

alternue, -a, -urn, [alter- (as st.) 4- nus], adj., alternate, rectjb-ocal, mutual, alternating.

altitiidb, -inis, [altli- ( h 2 h ) + tudo], F., height, depth (cf. altus), thickness (of a timber).

altus, -a, -um, [p. p. of alo (now-

ish), as adj.] (grown h&h ay now- idzing),hzgh.- From opposite point ' of view, deep.- Neut., as noun, the

sea, the deep : in alto, in deep water; ex alto,fYom the spa.

aliita, -ae, [? cf. alumen, alum], F., leather (of a fine sort, like mo- rocco I).

amb- [akin to ambo, both], prep. only in comp., about, Yound abob.

ambactus, -i, [prob. German], M., a retainer, a vassal.

Ambarri, -arum, [Celtic], plur. of adj., a tribe of Gaul, on the Sa6ne. They seem to have been clients of the Haedui, and are called Haedui Ambarri.

AmbiPni, -8rum, [Celtic], M. plur. of adj., a Belgian tribe, whose chief town, Samarobriva, is now called from their name, Amiens.

Ambibarii, -arum, [Celtic], M. plur. of adj , a n Aremorican tribeliv- ing in a part of Normandy.

Ambiliiiti, -arum, [Celtic], M. plur. of adj., a tribe on, the Somme (possibly part of the preceding).

Ambiorix, -igis, [Celtic], M., an able prince of the Eburones. He caused a revolt of his nation against Ccsar, which was partially successful, and came near being entirely so. H e caused Caesar uneasiness for several years, and eluded every effort to capture him.

Ambivareti (Ambila-), -arum, [Celtic], M. plur. of adj., a Gallic tribe, dependents of the Haedui.

Ambivariti, -arum, [Celtic], M. plur. of adj., a Belgic tribe on the wwt bank of the Meuse.

ambi3 I 2 BnfrHctus

ambB, -ae, -6 @rum), [akin to amb, roundabout], num. adj., both (together, cf. uterque, both sea- cornuum (spread).

amplitiid8, -inis, [amp% (Zwge) -b tudo], F., size, extent, greatness:

rate&). BmBns, -entis, [ab-mens], adj.

(havitzg the niiizd away), mad, crazy. Hmentia, -ae, [ament- (mad) +

ia], F., niadrress,Jrenzy, (mad) folly. Bmentum, 4, [? unc. root + men-

tum], N., a fhozg (attached to a javelin, and wound around it to give it a twisting motion in throwing, as with rifle balls).

amicitia, -ae, [ami& (fiiettdly) 4- tia], F., friendship, frieridly r e h - fions, alliance. - Opp. to hospitium, personal frie fzdship.

amicus, -a, -um, [unc. st. fr. AM (in amo, love) 4- cus], adj.,frzend&, well disposed: praesidium (devoted). -As noun, M., a f r i e d , aft a&.

Hmissus, p. p. of amitto. Hmittb, -mittere, -misi, -missus,

[ab-mitto], 3. v. a., letgo (away), let slz), let pass. Hence, lose (esp. of military losses).

amor, -6ris, [AM (in amo, love) 4- or (for OS)], M., love, oyection. ' amplc [old case-form of amplus], adv., widely, largely. - amplius, compar., farther, more, longer: amplius quingenti, j v e hu7idred ana' more; ne quis, . . . amplius (my more); amplius obsidum (see amplus) ; munera amplissime missa (gefzerous gzyts) .

amplificltus, p. p. of amplifico. amplific6, 4re, -%vi, -Htus, [am-

plific6-, (amp&) with FAC, make], I . v. a., increase, enlarge, extend, hezghten.

.~ amplus, -a, -um, [?, perh. amb-

(aboztt) + st. akin to plus, pleuus], adj. Of size and extent, l i t and fig., large, wide,great. - Esp.,promi- n e a t , o j comepence, splemfid, noble, distinguished: munera (lavish, valzr- able) ; dimissis amplioribus copiis (the greater part of). - amplius, neut. comp. as noun (cf. plus), more, a greater m m b e r : amplius obsidum.

an, [?I, conj. introducing the second member of a double question, OY, or rather.-Often with the first member only implied, o r : quid ve- nirent, an speculandi causa ((or) was

AnartEs, -inm, [?I, M. plur., a people in Dacia ( TransyCvanm), on the river Theiss, at the eastern end of the Hercynian forest.

Ancalites, -um, [Celtic], 'M. plur., a nation of Britain.

anceps, -cipitis, [amb-, about, caput, head], adj., (hav i t i~ a head on both sides), dozrble-headed. - Less exactly, twofold, doidle: proelium (on both fronts, of an army facing in two ways).

ancora, -ae, [Gr.], F., anchor: in ancoris, at airchor.

AndEs, -;urn, [Celtic], M. plur., a tribe of Gaul north of the Loire, i n modern Aizjozc.

Andi, -arum, the 'same as the Andes.

Andocombogius, -i, [Celticl, M., a chief man of the Remi.

Hnfrlctus (lmf-), -as, [am(b)-,

it).

angulus 13 annus

tfractus,fr. FRAG (in frango, break)], AN, blow) + mus], M., breath., life, M., a bending round. Hence, a soul (vital). -Usually (the above winding, a circuit, a deviation (from meanings being appropriated to a straight line). anima, wh. see), soul (as thinking,

angulus, -i, [prob. ancli- (st. of feeling), prrind, feelings, feefing, in- ancus, bent) + Ius], M., (a little telfect (but cf. mens), spirit: effemi- hook), a comer. , nare; levitas animi (disposifion,

angust6 [old case-form of angustus], adv., harrow&, in narrow quarters (closely). - Fig., sparinglj, (cf. ample), in small guantily.

angustiae, -Zrum, [angustb (nayrow) + ia], F. plur., narrowness (prop. concrete, narrows) ; itinerum (a narrow pass) ; propter angustias (narrmness of the passage). - Fig., straits (difficult position, etc.), hard stunits, dflculties: angnstiis premi, to be hardpushed.

angustus, -a, -um, [angor (sgueea- i.g) 4- tus], adj., narrow, con- fined: angustiora castra (less extensive) ; angustiore fastigio (nayrow- ing, sloping, drawing in). - Fig., in angusto res est, theposition is critical (cf. ‘ i n a tkhtplace’).

anima, -ae, [ani- (treated as root, fr. AN, blow) + ma (F. of mus), cf. animus], F., breath. Hence, soul. - Plur., the soul (of man, abstractly).

animadvert6, -vertere, -verti, -versus, (also animum adverto), [animum adverto], 3. v. a., turn the to, attend to: in aliquem (puni+, cf. the domestic “attend to ”).-Less exactly, observe, notice, learn.

animal, -Hlis, [anima- + lis, N. of adj.], N., (a creature endowedwith Zife), an animal (including man), a fiving creature (opp. to booty).

animus, -i, [ani- (st. as root, fr.

nature, or together, want o j constancy) ; animus relinquit aliquem, oneJiints, Zoses consciousness; animi mollitia, want of energy or endurance; animo paratus, resolute; animum advertere (see animadverto). - Esp. (in a good sense, often in plur.), spirit, constancy, courage, resolution : confirmare (encourage any one) ; re- languescere; promptus ; paratus ad aliquid. - Also (as opp. to mens, wh. see), the moral powers, will, desires, afj’ections, etc., the heart, the

f e e f i q s , the Hispositioon : bono animo esse, be well disposed, be o j good cheer; esse in animo alicui, to have in mind, as a purpose; offendere or avertere (feefings) ; magni animi, of great am bition. - Also, animus magnus, courage, magnanimity, Zofv spirit; animi magnitudo, lofly spirit; permulcere (angry spirit); mentes animosque perturbare (minds, as thinking, and hearts, as feeling, etc.) ; animi virtus, noblenessofsoul; animi causa, f o r pleasure, f o r amuse- ment, for fancy.

anniitinus, -a, -urn, [some form of ann& (year) -I- tinus (cf. diutinus)], adj., last year’s, old (of ships made the year before).

annus, -i, [?I, M., a year (as a point of time, as the course of the year, or as a period).

annuus 14 appellcS

annuus, -a, -um, [ann& (year) + us], adj., annual: magistratus crea- tur (annually).

Inser, -ens, [for haneer, akin to goose], M., a goose.

ante [old case-form], adv., hefore (of place and time), i n front: ante dictum (above, before, previous&) ; ante habuerat (former&, once) ; iam ante, already bejore, already ; paucis ante diebus, a few days before. - Prep. with acc., before (of place or time) : ante semittit (in advanceof ). -In dates, ante diem (a. d.) (on such a day before).-In comp., before (of place, time, and succession).

ante5 [ante e%, case-form of is], adv. (of time), before, previous&, once.

antecedb, -cEdere, -cessi, -cessus, [ante-cedo], 3. v. n. and a. (fr. force of prep.), g o forward, advance, surpass (in size, etc.), exceed, precede, go in advance of.

antecursor, -6ris, [ante-cursor, rnnner], M . (a forerunner). - Esp. of the army, a scout, pioneer.

antefer6, -ferre, -tuli, -Etus , [antefero], irr. v. a., place in advance, prefer.- Pass., be preferred, be the $rst, have the superiority.

antemna, -ae, [?I, F., a yard (for sails).

an tephb, -p6nere, -posui, -positus, [ante-pono], 3. v. a., (place in advance, cf. antefero), think of mort importance.

antevert6, -vertere, -verti, -versus, [ante-verto], 3. v. a., (turn in front, cf. antepono), prefer.

antiquitus [antiquli- 4- tus], adv.,

from ancient times, from ear& times. -Less exactly, long ago, in ear@ times, anciently.

antiquus, -a, -um, [anti- (cf. ante) + cus], adj., old(existing from early times,not so much in reference to present age as to former origin, cf. vetus), ancient.

Antistius, -i, [antisti- (antistea, overseer) 4- ins], M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Gaius Antistius Reginus, a legatus of Caesar.

Antonius, -i, [?I, M., a Roman family name. - Esp.: I . Marcus, Mark Antony, the famous triumvir, a legatus of Catsar in Gaul; also 2, his brother, Gaius, a legatus of Czsar.

Ap., for Appius. aperia, -perire, -perui, -pertus, [ab-

pario, get of, cf. operio, cover], 4. v. a., uncover, open. - apertus, -a, -um, p. p. as adj., open, exposed, uncovered, unobstructed, unprotected : latus (the rzght side, not covered by the shield) ; collis (without trees) ; loca (open country) ; impetus maris (un6roken).

aperte [old case-form of apertus], adv., openly.

Apoll6, -inis, [?I, M., the son of Jupiter and Latona and twin brother of Diana, god of the sun, of divination, of poetry and music, and presi- dent of the Muses. H e was also god of archery, of pestilence, and, on the other hand, of healing. He is identified by Caesar with some Celtic divinity.

appar6, see adparo. I . appell6, see adpello.

appelI6 I5 Aremorfcus

2. appell6 (adp-), -‘are, -Hvi, -%us, [tad-pellti-, cf. compello], I. v. a., ca22, name, address, caN upon, s9Ze (declare one something or address in a certain character).

app-, see adp-. Appius, -i, [F, a Sabine word?],

Apr., for Aprilis. Aprilis, -e, [prob. akin to aperio,

open], (the month which opens the ground), adj., of April.

aptus, -a, -um, [AP (in apiscor, lay hoZd 6) + tus], adj., (fittedto), suitr d, adapted, j t , apt.

apud [akin to ab], prep. with acc., at, among, with, before, on one’s part, ie relation to (a person); in one’s house (company, possession).

aqua, -ae, [?I, F., water, a water- course: aqua atque igni interdicere (a form of banishment among the Romans) ; mensurae ex aqua, by the water-clock (a contrivance like an hour-glass for telling time by the running of water).

aquiiti6, &is, [a@- (st. of aquor, fetch water) + tio], F., get- tikg water (cf. pabulatio).

aquila, -ae, [F. of aquilus, dark gray, perh. remotely akin to aqua], F., an eagle. - Esp., the staiidard of the Romans, consisting of an eagle on a staff.

AquilBia, -ae, [Aquila- -k eius], F., a city of Cisalpine Gaul (Venetia), founded by a Roman colony in B.c. 182 as an outpost on the northeast.

aquilifer, -eri, [aquila-fer (reduced fr. -ferus, FER (in fero, bear) + us)], M., a standard bearer (of the eagle).

M., a Roman prznomen.

Aquitinia, -ae, [F. of adj. devel- oped fr. Aquitanus], F., the part of Gaul between the Province, the Pyrenees, the Garonne, and the ocean (see I. I).

Aquitlnus, -a, -urn, [?I, adj., of Aguitania. - Plur., as noun, the people of Aguiiania.- Sing., a man of Aguitania, an Aguitanian.

Arar, -aris, [?I, M., the SaBne, a river of Gaul rising in the Vosges and flowing into the Rhone at Lyons.

arbiter, -tri, [ad-bit0 (go)+ trus, cf. -trum], hi., (a bystander), a wit- n e w - Less exactly, a referee, nn arbitrator.

arbitrium, 4, [arbitrb (umpire, judge) + ium (cf. iudicium)], N . , judgment, will, pZeasure (what one sees fit to do).

arbitror, -Hri, -atus, [arbitra-, umpire, judge], I. v. a. and n., think, suppose (judge).

arbor, -oris, [?I, F., a h-ee. arcess6, -sere, -sivi, -situs, [akin

to accedo, but the exact relation uncertain], 3. v. a., summon, ifzvite, sendfor (persons), ca22 in : aliquem mercede (caZl in to serve for pay) .

irde6, LrdEre, Brsi, Hrsus, [prob. arid&, dry], 2. v. n., be hot, beonjire - Fig., be excited, be in a blaxe, burn.

Arduenna, -ae, [?I, F., the Arden- nes (a very large forest region in northeastern Gaul).

arduus, -a, -um, [?I, adj., h&h, steep, dij7cult (of ascent).

Arecomici, -6rum, [ 1 3 , M. plur., a branch of the Volcae.

Aremoricus (Arm-), -a, -urn, [Celtic.are, near, and mor, the sea],

argentum 16 Bfx

adj., only F. plur., Aremorican (of the states of Gaul near the ocean in Normandy and Brittany).

argentum, -i, [akin to arguo, make bright], N., (the shifziug meLtd), silver. Also, of things made of the metal, silverware, silver.

argilla, -ae, [dim. akin to arguo, muke bright, F., (wkite clay)], clay : fusilis (some vitrifying earth, such as porcelain is made of).

Iridus, a-, -um, [tar& (wh. areo, be d9-y) f dus], adj., dry.-Neut. as noun, dry lund.

aries, -ietis, [?I, M., a ram. - Fig., a battering mni (a long timber armed at the end with metal for demolishing walls). - Less exactly, a buttyess (piles driven down in a stream to brace a bridge).

Ariovistus, -i, E?], M., a chief of the Germans, called in by the Gauls in their domestic quarrels, who conquered and ruled them until he was himself crushed by the Romans.

Aristius, 4, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Marcus, a tribune of the soldiers in Czsar’s army.

arma, -6rum, [AR, fit (cf. armus, tke shoulderjoint) + mus], N. plur., arms, equipment: armis ius exsequi (byforce ofarms) ; in armis esse, t o be under arms, to be rea&for service, to be i i z swvic6; parati in armis, armed f o y w a r ; ab armis discedere, to abandon hostilities; in armis, in battle ; armis congressi (in buttle), and the like.

armtimenta, -6rum, [arm& (st. of armo) 4- mentum], N. plur., imple- mtnfs. - Esp., rigging, tacklt.

armZtiira, -ae, [arm& (st. of armo) + tura], F., equijment: levis armaturae Numidae (&ht nmied, without the heavy defensive armor of the legionary).

armltus, -a, -um, p. p of armo. arm& &e, -%vi, -Htus, [arm& (st.

of arma)], I. v. a., equip, arm. - Pass., arm (one’s self). -armtitus, -a, -um, p. p. as adj., armed, itz arms, equipped.

ArpinEius, 4, [Arpin& (st. of Arpinum) + eius], M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Gaius, a Roman knight in Crcsar’s army, possibly of Gallic origin, of a family enfranchised by Marius, who came from Arpinum.

arr-, see adr-. ars, artis, [AR V;t) + tis (re-

duced)], F., (skill in jtting), skill, art. - t’lur., the ayts, tke usejul arts.

artE [old case-form of artus], adv., close&, tight@.

articulus, -i, [artu- (joint) + culus], M., a littlejoint.- Less exactly, a joiizt.

artacium, -i, [artific- (ari‘@~er) + ium], N., a skilful contrivttnce, an artijce, a trick. Also, a trade (opp. to ars, a h$er art).

artus, -a, -um, [p. p. of arceo (shut up)], as adj., tigktly bourrd, close: silva (thic4).

Amernus, -a, -urn, [Celtic], adj., of the Arverni (a powerful Gallic tribe west of the Cevennes in modern Auvergne). - M. plur., t//e Amerni.

arx, arcis, [ARC (in arceo, shut .p), + is (reduced)], F., a stronghold, a fortress, a citadrl.

ascend6 (ads-), -scendere, -scendi, -scEnsus, [ad-scando, climb], 3. v. a. and n., climb up, climb, ascend: vallum (mount, scale).

ascensus (ads-), -iis [ad-tscansus, cf. ascendo], M., a climbirtg up, aiz ascent, a goirzg up.-Concr., a way zip, a meaics of ascent: prohibere ascensu (from climbihg up).

asciscb, see adscisco. aspectus, see adspectus. asper, -era, -erum, [ ? I , adj., rough,

harsh. - Fig., fierce, violent. ass-, see ads-. at [prob. form of ad], conj., but,

butyet, at least. atque (ac), [ad-que], conj., and

(generally introducing some more important idea), and even, and especially. - Also, as, than : par atque, idem atque, the same as,; simul atque, as soon as; similis atque,just ZiRe; aliter ac, otherwise thaiz, d ferent from what, etc. ; aliud atque, d f e r - cnt frmn, etc.

Atrebls, -Htis, [Celtic], adj., Atre- batian, of the Atrebates (a people of Belgic Gaul), rarely sing. of one. - Plur., the Atrebates.

Atrius, -i, [at+ (st. of ater, bZack) + ius], M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Quintus, a soldier in Caesar’s army.

attexb (adt-), -texere, -texui, -textus, [ad-texo], 3. v. a., weave on, make on (by weaving).

attingb (adt-), -tingere, -tigi, 4%- tus, [ad-tango], 3. v. a., touch upon, touch, reach, join (of a nation’s boundaries).

attribu6 (adt-), -buere, -bui, -btitus,

[ad-tribuo], 3. v. a., dZot to, as- s@.

attuli, see adfero. auctor, -his, [AUG (in augeo, in-

crease) + tor], M., a voucher (for any act or statement), aa azhioriw, an adviser: defectionis (leader) ; auctor esse, approve, advise; eis auctoribus, with their a$prmal; auctore hoste, on the authority of the enemy.

aucttiritzs, -tatis, [auctor- (as if i-st.) + tas], F., inj’aence, prest$e, uarthority (not military or political, cf. imperium and potestas).

auctus, -a, -um, p. p. of augeo. audlcia, -ae, [audac- (bold) + ia],

F., daring, boldness, efroiztery. audlcter, [audac- (bold) + ter],

adv., with darirtg, boldly, fearlessly (but of an enemy): audacissime, with the greatest daring.

audlx, -%cis, [audz- (as if st. of audeo) + CUB (reduced) 1, adj., dur- inf, bold.-Seeaudacia and audacter.

audeb, audEre, ausus, [prob. avido-, eager], 2. v. a. and n., dare, venture, risk, dare to try (or do).- ausus, -a, -urn, p. p. in pres. sense, daring.

audib, -dire, -divi, -ditus, [prob. akin to auris, ear], 4. v. a., hear, hear of: - audiens, -entis, p. as adj., obedient (with dicto).

auditib, -6nis, [audi- (st. of audio) 4- tio], F., a hearirtg, hearsay, report.

auge6, augEre, auxi, auctus, [AUG (causative or fr. unc. noun- stem) ], 2. v. a., increase, magnvy, en- hance, add to (something). - Pass., increase.

Aulercus, -a, -um, [Celtic], adj.,

Aulus 18 Axona b

of the Aulerci (a widespread people of several tribes in the interior of Gaul). -Plur., the AuZerci.

Aulus, 4, [?I, M., a Roman prae- nomen.

auriga, -ae, [poss. akin to auris and ago, cf. aurea, headstall], c., a charioteer, a driver.

auris, -is, [akin to ear, st. tauri- (cf. audio) J, F., an ear.

Aurunculeius, 4, [ AurunculX- (dim. of Auruncus, name of an Italian tribe) 4- eius], M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Lucius Aurun- culeirrs Cotta, a legatus of Caesar.

Ausci, -Gum, [Celtic], M. plur. of adj , a tribe of Aquitania.

ausus, -a, -um, p. p. of audeo. au t [?, but cf. autem], conj., o r

(regularly exclusive, cf. vel).- Re- peated, eitker . . . or.

autem [?, akin to aut], conj., but (the weakest degree of opposition, cf. sed), on the other hand, then again, now (explanatory), whereas (in slight opposition to something preceding).

autumnus (auct-), -i, [for tauc- tominus, tauctli- (cf. augeo) + minus], M., autumn (the season of increase).

auxililris, -e, [auxili&, Ae(p (as if auxilii) + ris], adj., abxiliary. - Plur. as noun, aitxiliaries, auxiliary troops (not Roman legionaries).

auxilior, -iiri, -itus, [tauxili&, he&], I. v. dep., give assistance.

auxilium, -i, [tauxiti- (akin to augeo, increase) + ium], N., assistance, aid, remedy, relief: extremum (the last resource) ; ferre (to assist, to aid) ; auxilio (as a re& forcement) ; quos auxili causa habebat (as aatxili- aries, etc.). - Plur., auxilzaries (as opp. to the regular heavy-armed infantry) ; reZhjorceinents: auxilia tardare, hinder from rendering assistance.

AvaricEnsis, -e, [Avaricli- 4- ensis], adj,, of Avaricum. - Plur., the people o j Avaricum.

Avaricum, -i, [Celtic], N., a town of the Bituriges, now Bourges.

avgritia, -ae, [avarx- (greedy) + tia], F., covetousness, greed, avctrice.

Iveh6, -vehere, -vExi, -vectus, [ab- veho], 3. v. a., cwry of, carry away.

&versus, -a, -um, p. p. of averto. Ivert6, -vertere, -verti, -versus,

[ab-verto], 3. v. a., turn aside, turn of, push aside. - Fig., aZienate, es- trange.--versus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., turned awcty. Hence, flying, or, with a change of point of view in translation, in the reay (of that to which the word is applied) : ne aversi ab hoste circumvenirentur (by the enemy getting in their rear, etc.).

avis, -is, [unc. root +is], F., a bird. avus, -I, [?I, M., a grand'athr. Axona, -ae, [Celtic], F., a river of

Gaul (now Aisne), a tributary of the Isara (Oise).

19 B B c e n i s

B

BBcenis, -is, [Teutonic], F., with silva, a forest of Germany between the Cherusci and the Suevi.

Baculus, 4, [baculus =baculum, s t a f ] , M . , agnomen of Publius Sex- tius Baculus, a centurion in C a a r ’ s army.

BaleEris, -e, [?I, adj., BaZearic (belonging to the Baleares i n s u h in the Mediterranean, now Zviza, Ma- jowa, and Minorca, famous for their slingers).

balteus, -i, [?I, M . , a belt, a baldric (for the sword, passing over the shoulder, but sometimes also, a beZt encircling the waist).

Balventius, -i, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name, only wit$ Tztus, a centurion in Cresar’s army.

barbarus, -a, -um, [prob. fr. imi- tation of unintelligible speech, cf. balbus, stammering], adj., fore$n (not Greek or Latin), uncivilzzed, savagp, barbarian, of the barbarians. -Plur., the barbarians or savages (used of the Gauls).

Basilus, 4, [?I, M., agnomen of Lucius Mznucius BasiZus, an officer in Czesar’s army.

Batavi, -6rum, [Celtic], M. plur., the Batavi or Batavians, a nation occupying the region about the mouths of the Rhine.

Belgae, -Hrum, [?], M. phr. , the Be&@ or Belgians, a nation occupying the northern part of Gaul. - Perh. also a small tribe of that nation with this special name. *

Bibracte

Belgium. 4, [Belga- -k ium], N., the country of the Belga.

bellicosus, -a, -urn, [belli& (of war) -I- osus], adj., warlike.

bellicus, -a, -urn, [bell& (war) 4- cus], adj., ofwar , in war.

bell6, -ire, - i v i , -itus, [bell&, wur] , I . V. n., jght , make w a r : studium bellandi, a passion for war.

Bellovaci, -arum, [?I, M. plur., a Gallic tribe between the Seine, Somme, and Oise, about modern Beauvais.

bellum, -i, [old duellum, (fr. duo), a strzye between two], N., war, a war: bello persequi, etc. (in arms); bellum inferre, make war (offensive) ; bellum defendere, defend one’s self from war; parare bellum, make warlike prepa- rations.

bene [old case-form of bonus, good], adv., wef l : bene gerere negotium, be successfuZ i r z , etc.

beneficium, -I, [benefico- (reduced) (cf. bene, FAC in facio) + ium], N., well-doing, a service, a favor, often rendered by Eng. plur., services, favors shown, services rendered : sortium beneficio, thanks t o the l o t ; beneficio suo adductus, by gratitude for his favors.

benevolentia, -‘ae, [benevolent- (cf. bene, VOL in volo) + ia], F.,good- wiZZ, kindness.

Bibracte, -is, [Celtic], N., the chief town of the Hredui (Mont Beuvray) near Autun, which was founded later.

Bibrax 20 bnima

Bibrax, &is, [cf. last word], F., a town of the Remi.

Bibroci, -Grum, [Celtic], M. plur., a tribe of southeast Britain.

biauum, -i, [bi- (= dvi-, akin to duo, &urn (akin to dies)], N., two days' time, two days.

biennium, -i, [bienni- (bi, akin to duo, -ann&, year) + ium], N., two years' time, the space of two years, two years.

Bigerrihes, -um, [Celtic], M. plur., a tribe of the Pyrenees (cf. Bi- gorre).

bini, -ae, -a, [bi- (= tdvi, akin to duo) 4- nus], distrib. num. adj., plur., two eaclt, two sets OJ two (of things in pairs or sets).

bipartitb, [abl. of bipartitus, parted in two], adv., in two diui- sions : bipartito conlocatis insidiis (in two #aces).

bipedHlis, -e, [biped- (bi-ped-, in pes, foot) + alis], adj., of two f ee t (in measure), two pet (long, wide, etc.).

bis [for dvis, unc. case-form of duo], adv., twice.

Bituriges, -um, [Celtic], M. plur., a tribeof Celtic Gau1,in two branches, Vibisci (around Bordeaux) and Cubi (around Bourges).

BodubgnHtus, -i, [Celtic], M., a leader of the Nervii.

BBia, F. sing. of Biiii, Boia. Bbii, -6rum, [Celtic], M. plur., a

Celtic nation, of which a part occupied lands in Cisalpine Gaul, a part settled in Pannonia,andapar.t joined the Helvetii in their emigration.

boniGs, -=tis, [tbona- (good) +

tas], F., goodness : agrorum (&tiL 4).

bonus, -a, -um, [?I, adj., good: bono animo esse, io be well disposed; optimum est, if i s best; optimum iudicium facere, express so high an opinion.- Neut. as noun, good, advantage; plur., goods; property, estate.

bas, bovis, [akin to cow], c., a &uZZ, a cow, an ox. - Plur., cattle.

bracchium (brlch-), -i, [?I, N., an arm.

Brannovices, -um, [Celtic], M. plur., a division of the Aulerci living near the Hcdui.

Brannovii (Bl-),-Grum, [Cel t ic ] ,~ . plur., a Celtic tribe, dependents of the Haedui.

Bratuspantiurn, 4, [Celtic], N., a fortified town,of the Bellovaci, not certainly identified.

brevis, -e, [for bregus, (BRAGH, 6reak) + us], adj., short (of space or time) : brevi, in a short space.

brevitls, -tHtis, [brevi- (short) f tas], F., shortness, short stature: brevitas temporis, want of time.

breviter [tbrevi- (short) 4- ter], adv., briejy.

Britanni, -arum, [Celtic], M. plur., the Britons (including all the tribes of Britain).

Britannia, -Be, [tBritann& 4- ia (P. of ius)], F., Britain.

Britannicus, -a, -urn, [tBritann& + cus], adj., of Britain, Briton: bellum (with Brifain).

bfima, -ae, [tbrevi- (short) -I- ma (superl.), sc. dies], F., thd winter solstice,

Briitus 2 1 campester

Briitus, -i, [brutus, heavy], a in the civil war on the side of Caesar. family name at Rome. - ESP., Deci- But he joined the conspiracy against mus Junius B~zitus Albinus, a lega- Caesar with Marcus Brutus, and was tus of Caesar. He distinguished one of Caesar’s assassins. He was himself in command of Caesar’s fleet afterwards killed in Gaul by order off the coast of Gaul, and afterwards of Antony.

C

C, for centum, hundred. C., for Gaius. Cabillhum, 4, [Celtic], N., a

town of the Haedui on the Saone (Chalon-sur-Sabne).

Caburus, -i, [Celtic], M., the personal name of Gaius Vaierius Cabw Y M S , a Gaul, made a Roman citizen by C. Valerius Flaccus, and father of C. Valerius Procillus and C. Vale- rius Donnotaurus.

caciimen, -inis, [?I, N., the top (of trees, mountains, etc.).

cadiiver, -eris, [akin to cado,fall], N., a corpse, a body (dead).

cada, cadere, cecidi, czsiirus, [CAD, f a l l ] , 3. v. n., fal l , be KiZled.

Cadiircus, -a, -um, [Celtic], adj., of the Cizdurci (a tribe of Aquitania). - Plur., the Cadurci.

caedEs, -is, [tcaed (as if root of caedo, M I ) + is or es ] , F., a murder, massacre, slaughter, kiliiizg.

caeda, caedere, cecidi, caesus, [prob. causative of cado, cf. Jzil, f e lq ] , 3. v. a., strike, strike down, cut, fell, cut down, slay.

caelestis, -e, [tcaelit- (st. of cae- les, fr.caelum) 4- tis], adj., heavenly. - Plur., the gods.

caerimania, -ae, [?I, F., a rite, a ceremony.

CaerBsi, -6rum, [?I, M. plur., a tribe of Belgic Gaul.

caeruleus, -a, -um, [perh. akin to caesius, bluish], adj., dark blue.

Caesar, -ark, [?I, M., afamily name in the gens Xulia. - Esp.: I . C. Iulizis Caesar, the conqueror of Gaul and the author of the Commen- taries. - 2 . L. Iulius Caesar, a kinsman of the former, acting as his legatus in Gaul.

caespes, -itis, [ ? I , M., a sod (used in fortification).

caesus, -a, -um, p. p. of caedo. calamitiis, -tZtis, [?I, F., disaster

(orig. to crops?), deJeat, misfortune (also euphemistically for death): ejus (any accident to him).

Caletes, a m , [Celtic], M. plur., a tribe in Normandy, on the Seine.

Caleti, -6rum, same as the pie- ceding.

callidus, -a, -um, [tcalli- (cf. callum, thick d i n ) 4- dus], adj., (tough ?), shrewd, cunnikg, skil-

cii16, -tinis, [?I, M., a seruant (of a f u l .

soldier), a camp follower. caelum, -i, [?I, N., the sky, the heav- campester, -tris, -tre, [campi-

(plain) + ster, as if tcampet + tris ens, heaven. - See caelestis. .

campus 22 Cassi

(cf. equestris) 1, adj., of the pZain: loca (levelpzains).

campus, 4, [?I, M., a plain. Camulogenus, -i, [Celtic], M., a

chief of the Aulerci. Caninius, 4, [?I, M., a Roman

gentile name.- Esp., C. Caizinius Rebilus, a legatus of Caesar.

canci, canere, cecini, cantus, [CAN], 3. v. a. and n., sing, sowzd (with voice or instrument).

Cantaber, -bra, h u m , ECeltic], adj., of the Cantabri(awarlikepeop1e in the north of Spain, allied with the Gauls of Aquitania). - Plur., the Cantabri, the Cantabrians.

Cantium, -i, [Celtic], N., Kerrt (the southeast corner of Great Bri- tain).

caper, -pri, [?I, M., a goat, F., capra, -ae, a she-goat.

capillus, -i, [adj. form akin to caput, head], M., the hair (collectively).

cap& capere, cEpi, captus, [CAP], 3 v. a., take, capture, take possession of, get‘, acpire, seize : stipendium ; nomen; arma (take 1.p) ; mon- tem (occupy). - Less exactly, choose, select: locum. - So also (esp. of ships, etc.), reach : portus (arrive at, make). - Fig., take in (deceive), captivate, beguile, also experieizce : dolorem ; coniecturam (make); quie- tem (lake, enjqy); fugam (take to

caprea, -ae, [tcaprli- (reduced) (cf. caper, goat) + ea (F. of -eus) 3, F., a roe (a small animal of the deer kind). Another reading for capra in VI, 27.

captivus, -a, -um, [as if tcapti-

&ht).

(imaginary st. of capto, fr. capio) + VIIS], adj., captive.- Masc. as noun, a captive, a prisoner.

captus, -a, -um, p. p. of capio. captus, -tis, [CAP (in capio) +

tus], M., a seiziirg. Hence, what one cait grasp. - Fig., capacity, character, itature.

caput, -itis, [I, akin to head], N., the head: capite demisso; capite solo ex aqua exstare, have on& the head above water.-Less exactly,person (cf. ‘‘ head of cattle ” ) ; mouth (of a river). - Fig., bye: poenam capitis (of death) ; capitis periculo (of Itye).

careti, -Ere, -ui, -itfirus, [?I, 2. v. n., be without, g o without.

carina, -ae, [?I, F., keeZ, bottom (of a ship).

Carnutes, -urn, [Celtic], M. plur., a Gallic people between the Loire and the Seine, about OrlCans.

car6, carnis, [akin to crudus and raw], F., j esh , nreat.

carp6, -pere, -psi, @us, [akin to harvest], 3. v. a., pluck. - Fig . , jnd fault with (cf. “pick at ’ I ) .

carrum, -i, [Celtic], N., a cart (of the Gauls).

carrus, -i, M., another form for carrum.

cirus, -a, -urn, [?I, adj., dear, precious, valuable.

Carvilius, -i, [?], M., a Roman gentile name.- Also, a king of part of Kent.

casa, -ae, [?I, F., a cottage, a hut.

caseus, -i, [?I, M., cheese. Cassi, -6rum, [Celtic, cf. Velio-

Cassilnus 23 cautus

casses and Cassivellaunus], M. plur., a British tribe.

CassiPnus, -a, -urn, CtCassi6- (reduced) + linus], adj., of Cassius: bellum (the war in B.C. 107, in which L. Cassius Longinus was defeated by the Tigurini, near Lake Geneva, and killed).

cassis, -idis, [?I, F., a helmet (of metal, for horsemen, cf. galea).

Cassius, -i, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., L. Cassius Longinus, consul B.C. 107 (see Cas- sianus).

Cassivellaunus, -i, [Celtic], M., a British chief ruling north of the Thames, who took command of the general resistance of his countrymen to Casar, but was finally reduced to submission.

castellum, -i, [tcastr6- (fortress) + lum (N. of -111s) 1, N., a fortress, a fort, a n outwork, a redoubt.

Casticus, 4, [Celtic], M., a chief of the Sequani.

castrum, -i, [SKAD (cover) + trum], N., afortvess. - Plur., a camp (fortified, as was the manner of the Romans) : in castris, in camp, also in service; castra ponere, pitck t i

camp; castra movere, break camp, move; quintis castris, after &ne days' journey, as the Romans en- camped every night.

&us, -iis, [CAD (in cado, f a U ) + tus], M., (what bejalls), an accident, a chance (good or bad), a mischance : hoc ipso tempore e t casu (emergency); casu, by accident, by chance; casu devenit, chanced to, etc.; quarum rerum casus (the occurrence, the

happening, the jossibility ) ; eundem casum ferre (jute) ; belli casum sustinere (take the chances); in eiusmodi casu (a case) ; ad extremum casum, to the most critical position ; ad omnes casus, against alZac&erzts ; in eum casum deduci (that pass).

CatamantHloedSs, -is, [Celtic], M., a chief of the Sequani.

catena, -ae, [?I, F., a chain (for prisoners), a cable: in catenas con- iecit (ikto prison) ; in catenis tenere.

Caturiges, -urn, [Celtic], M. plur., a peoplein Roman Gaul (Provincia).

Catuvolcus, -i, [Celtic], M., a chief of the Eburones.

causa, -ae, [?I, F., a cause, a reason, an excuse, grounds, a m.&'ve (for an act), a r$ht' (to anything) : satis causae, mj7cient reason. A bl. after a gen., j o y the sake OL f o r the

purpose of; jar, on bekalf oy: liber- tatis causa; potentiae causa (bgain); praedandi causa (to, etc.); insidiarum causa, for an ambuscade; animi causa, j o r amurerizent, fou fatzcy. - Also, a cause (in law), a case : causa cognita, after trial; causa indicta (unheard) ; causam dicere, plead one's came, stand a triaZ, k tuied; causae dictio (a trial). IIence, also, a situation, a case: Germanorum unam esse causam (the case. . . the same); in eadem causa, in the same situation, also, on the same side.

cautg [old case-form of cautus], adv., with cazttion, cautious&.

cautgs, -is, [akin to cos, whet- stone], F., a rock (sharp or jagged), a reef:

cautus, p. p. of caveo.

Cavarillue

Cavarillus, -i, [Celtic], M., a prince of the Hxedui.

Cavarinus, -i, [Celtic], M., one of the Senones, made their king by Cresar.

cave6, cavere, ciivi, cautus, [perh. SKV, cover], 2. v. n. and a., be on one's gunrd, guard against (something), taake orgivesecurity.

cEd6, cEdere, cessi, cessiirus, [?I, 3. v. n., nzaake way (in any direction). - Esp., ,give way, retreat, retire: cedentes, the JRyifzg; cedere loco, abandon a position, a military term. -Fig., yield: fortunae.

celer, -ens, -ere, [CEI. (in cello, rush) -I- ris], adj., sru@, p i c k , speedy,j%st : motus (szidden).

celeritiis, &tis, [celeri- (in celer) f tas], P., swlj.t,zess, activity, speed, promptness: ad celeritatem onerandi, to secure p i c k Zoading; itineris ( p i c & marching).

celeriter [celeri- (in celer) + ter], adv., quick&, speediy, very soon,

CB16, -Lre, -8vi, -Ltns, [?, akin to clam, secretly, and caligo, mbt], I .

V. a., conceal, hide: arma. - Pass., pass ainaoticed.

Celtae, -%rum, [Celtic], M. plur., a great race in Gaul and Britain. - More particularly, the Celts (in a narrower sense, occupying the interior of Gaul).

Celtillus, -i, [Celtic], M., one of the Arverni, father of Vercingetorix.

CEnabBnsis, -e, [&nab& + ensis], adj., of Cenabirm, of the Ccnadenses, the people of Cenabum.

CInabum (Gen-), -i, [Celtic], N.,

soon.

24 certus

the chief city of the Carnutes, now OrlPaiis (from its later name, urbs Aurelianensis).

CBnimlgni, -arum, [Celtic], M. plur., a British tribe.

CBnomBni, -8rum, [Celtic], hi. plur., a division of the Aulerci.

cBnse6, censire, cinsui, cinsus, [?I, 2. v. a., (perh.@e), reckon, estimate. - Less exactly, give one's opin- zotz, advise, decree (of the Senate), dcterm ine.

cBnsus, Xis, [akin to censeo], M., a nunzbering, a count, a cetzsus.

centum (C), [akin to hund-red], indecl. num. adj., a huizdred.

centuri6, -anis, [tcenturia- (century) 4- 01, M., a centurion. A subaltern officer from the ranks, commanding a centziry, originally a hundred men.

cern6, cernere, crsvi, critus, (sifted), certus, (determined), [CER-, separate], 3. v. a., separate. Hence, distitg tush, see, behold, descry. - Also, determine.

certzmen, -inis, [tcertz- (in certo, fr. cerno) + men], N., a strirggk, a contest, rivalry.

certE [old case-form of certus], adv., certainly, surely, a t least (surely what is mentioned, if nothing more).

certus, -a, -urn, p. p. of cerno as adj., determined, j xed , certain (of the thing as well as the person), sure, esta6lished, regdar : certiorem facere, inform, order; certissimaeres, absol?iteQ certain facts; dies certa, an appointed day; certa subsidia (regular, as organized befoiehancl) ; cer- turn in locum (particular).

cervus 2 5 circumcidij

cervus, -i, [root of cornu (horn) 4- vus], M., a stag; plur., in military language, a structwe of forked stakes (like stags' horns), chevaux-defrzse.

(cEterus), -a, -urn, [CE (in ecce, dehoZa', hic, this) f terus (cf. alter)], adj., the rest @ (cf. alius, other, not including all). -Usually plur., the rest, the remaining, the others; fru- mento ceterisque rebus (everything &e necessary, where aliis would mean some other things).

Ceutrones (Cent-), -um, [Celtic], M. plur.: I . A tribe in the Graian Alps (in modern Savoy). - 2. A Belgic tribe.

Cevenna, -Be, [Celtic], F., the CPvennrs (a woody mountain region on the west side of the lower Rhone valley).

Cherusci, +rum, [?I, M. plur., a tribe of the Germans between the Weser and the Elbe.

ciblrius, -a, -urn, [cibli-,food (reduced) + arius], adj., pertaining to food. - Neut. plur. as noun, provisions : molita (ground corn).

cibus, -i, [?I, M., food. Cicer6, -8nis, [cicer (chickpea) + 0,

orig. a nickname, possibly from excrcscences on thenose], M., aname of a Roman family from Arpinum. - Esp. : I . Marcus TulZius, the great orator. - 2 . Quintus (TuZZius), his brother, in Czsar's service in Gaul as legatus.

Cimberius, -i, [akin to Cimbri], M., a prince of the Suevi.

Cimbri, -6rum, [?I, M. plur., a German tribe living in Jutland, who

overran Gaul and made a successful inroad into the Roman dominions in the second century B.C. They were conquered at Aquz Sextize and hrerce1lze by Marius and Catulus, B.c. IOZ and 101.

Cingetorix, -igis, [Celtic], M. : I . A leader of the Treveri, brother- in-law of his rival, Indutiomarus. - 2. A British prince in Kent.

cingii, cingere, cinxi, cinctus, [?I, 3. v. a,, surround, encircle: flumen oppidum (run around). -Less exactly, mait (occupy in a circuit, of walls).

cippus, 4, [?I, M., astake, apilar , a post. - Plur., apparently jocosely used of a peculiar form of palisades, doundary-posts (?), chevaux-defrzse.

circZi [case-form (instr. ?) of cir- cus (cf. circup)], adv. and prep. with acc., about, around. - See circiter.

circinus, -i, [circli- (cf. circum) 4- nus], M., apair of compasses, a compass.

circiter [circli- (around) + ter], adv. and prep. with acc., ab0u.t.- Fig. (of time, number, andquantity), about (in the neighborhood of), near, not f a r from.

circuitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of clr-

circuitus, -tiis, [circum-itus], M., a circuit (a going round), a czrcu- itous route, a circumference : in cir- cuitu, all around.

circum [acc. of circ6-, around (cf. curvus)], adv. and prep. with acc., about, around.

circumcid6, -cidere, -cidi, -cisus, [circurn-caedo], 3. v. a., c26t around,

cumeo.

circumclM6 26 circumveni6

cut (the idea of around being implied in the context). - circum- cisus, -a, -urn, p. p. -Fig., isolatect' : collis.

circumclBd6, dfidere, -cliisi, -cl& jus, [circum-claudo], 3. v. a., e m close ai~oz~rid, eicciide, place n batid a rourzd.

circumdatus, -a, -um, p. p. of circumdo.

circumd6, -dare, -dedi, -datns, [circum-do], I . v. a., @it arouid: murus circumdatus (encirc.hf, throww aroziitd). -By a confasio~~ of ideas, szwround, encircle : aciem rhedis.

circumdiic6, -dlicere, -cliixi, -ductus, [circum-duco], 3. v. a., Z e d arowd. - Less exactly, of a line, draw aroztnd.

circumductus, -a, -urn, p. p. of circumauco.

circu(m)eS, -ire, -ii, -itus, [circum- eo], irr. v. n., g o around. - Becom- ing active, visit, mahe a t o w of: hiberna.

circumfund6, -fundere, -fBcli, -fB- sus, [circum-fundo], 3. v. a., pour aroztnd. - Pass. (as reflexive), pour in, rust arotind, rush in on oll sides. -Also (cf. circumdo), surroztnd: rnultitudine praesidia (surround wilh a swarmins multit'tde).

circumici6, -icere, -iEci, -iectus, [circum-iacio], 3. v. a., throw around. -ESP. in a military sense, htrl around, tArow around: circumiecta multitudine (nssailinz oiz all sides).

circumiectus, -a, -urn, p. p. of circumicio.

circummitt6, -mittere, -misi, -mis-

sus, [circum-mitto], 3. v. a., send arozdnd.

circummani6, -ire, -hi, -itus, [circum-muaio], 4. v. a., fortgy around, throw fortLfcations uvoufzd, fortzyy, protect (by a fortification).

circummanitus, -a, -uin, p. 11. of circummunio.

circumplector, -pl-cti, -plexus, [circum-plecto, twine], 3. v. dep., embrace, sztrrattizd.

circumsist6, -sistere, -steti, no p. p., [circnm-sisto, place (one's s e v ) ] , 3. v. a., staiid around,jo~K arottnd, ral@ aroztnd, surmind, tm in, beset.

circumspici6, -spicere, -spexi, -spectus, [circum-specio], 3. v. a., look about for. - Fig., t h i d mer, consider, cast abazit for : animo con- silia (by way of investigating or divining).

circumstb, -stiire, -steti, no p. p., [circum-sto, stand], I . v. a., s w ' - roulzd.

circumvlllltus, -a, -um, p. p. of circumvallo.

circumvl116, -%re, -%vi, -%tus, [circum-vallo, ifrtreiich], I. v. a., surround witA wn211, blockade, invest.

circumvectus, p. p. of circum- veho.

circumveh6, -vehere, -vExi, -vectus, [circum-veho], 3. v. a., carry arozmd.-Esp. pass. as dep., ride arozmd, sail urozind.

circumvenia, -venire, -vSni, -ventus, [circum-venio, come], 4. v. a., sz~rroztnd. - Fig. (cf. ' get round I ) ,

impose upon, d e f y a d , betray, cir- czim vent.

circumventus 27 clauaiua

circumventus, -a, -um, p. p. of circumvenio.

cis [case-form of ce (cf. ec-ce, cetera)], adv. and prep. with acc., this side, this side of:

Cisalpinus, -a, -urn, [cis Alpes (as if cisalpi-) + nus], adj., beiizg this side Ithe A&$, Cisa&inc. Gallia (that part of Gaul on the Italian side of the Alps).

Cisrh6nSnus, -a, -urn, [cis Rhe- num (as i f cisrhenz-) + nus], adj., Jeing this side the Rhine, this side the Rhine (as adj. phrase). - Plur. as noun, the people this side the Zr‘hine (Le. towards Gaul).

Cita, -ae, [perh. CI (in cieo) + ta (cf. nauta)], M., a Roman family name. - Only, C. Fujus, a Roman knight doing business in Cenabum.

citBtus, -a, -urn, p. p. of cito. citer, -ra, -rum, [CE (cf. cis) +

terus (reduced, cf. alter)], adj., on this side (rare and antiquated). - Usually citerior (compar.), nearer, hither (as adj.) : provincia, Gallia (Gaul on the Italian side of the Alps as opp. to Farther Gaul, cf. Cisalpinus) ; Hispania (the eastern part of Spain).

citij, -Ere, -Hvi, Htus, [citi5- (fr. cieo,put in motion)], I . v. a., urge on, hurry. -citltus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., in haste: citatus fertur, runs very rapid+.

citij [ibl. of citus (fr. cieo, pu t in motion)], adv., pick& : citissime (very rapid&).

citrB [case-form F. of citer], adv. and prep. with acc., this side, within (as opp. to beyond).

citra [dat. of citer], adv., to this side: ultro citroque, back and forth, to andfro.

civis, -is, [CI (in quies, rest) + vis (weakening of -VIIS)], c., a citizen, a

fellowcitizen. civitSs, -tiitis, [civi- + tas], F., the

state of bein8 a citizen, citizenship. - Esp., Roman citizenship, the h’oman franchise. - Less exactly, a body o j fellow-citizens, the citizens (as a body), one’s fellow-citizens, a state (composed of citizens), a ci& (because the city was the state), a nation, a tribe (politically) : expellit ex civitate (from the country).

clam [case of st. akin to caligo, nzi~t, etc.], adv. and prep. with abl., secretl’y .

clBmit6, -Hre, -Hvi, -stus, [freq. of clamo], I . v. a., Keep crying out, vociferate, cry out.

cllmor, Gris, [clam (as if root of clamo) + or], M., a shouting, a shout, a cry, an outcry.

clandestinus, -a, -urn, [unc. st. (perh. manufactured from clam) + tinus], adj ., secret, clann’esfine.

clBrus, -a, -um, [CLA (in clamo, cry out) + IUS], adj., brkht, clear. - Fig.,fmous. -Also (of sound), h i d , distinct.

classis, -is, [CLA (in clamo, c v out) + tis], F., (a summoning).- Less exactly, tke army (called out). -ESP., an army (called out for duty at sea), a j e e t (the most common later meaning).

Claudius, -i, [Claud& (Zame) + ius], M., a Roman gentile name, probably borrowed from the Sabines. - Esp.,

Claud6 28 c6gitij

Appius Claudizrs, consul with L. Domitius in 11.c. 54.

claud6, claudere, clausi, clausus, [of unc. form., akin to clavis, hey], 3. v. a., close, shzrt, fasten. - Esp., claudere agmen, cZose the Zi7ie of mamh, briitg up the rear.

clausus, -a, -urnj p. p. of claudo. clavus, 4, [CLAW (cf. claudo) +

us], M., a nail, spike. clGmEns, -entis, [perh. CLA (in

clams, bright) + mens (cf. vehe- mens)], adj., (brzkht?), gentle (of weather). - Fig., genfle, kind, mer- cfuL - See clementia.

clEmentia, -ae, [clement- + ia], P., Kindness, gentletless, humanity, clemency.

cliens, -entis, [=cluens, p. of clueo, hew, obty], c., (a heareu), a dependant, a vassal, a rrtainer.

clientda, -ae, [client- + 6la (imi- tating suadela, etc.)], P., vassaZage (as condition of a cliens). Hence (viewed fr. the other side), protection. - Phrases : magnae clientelae, many vassals (extensive relations of “clientage j’) ; Remis in clientelam se dicaverunt (szwrendered them- seZves as vassah to, etc.).

clivus, -i, [CLI (lean) + vus], M., a slope, a declivity, an acclivity ; ad molliendum clivum, to make the ascent easier.

CIBdius, -i, [the popular form of Claudius], hi., a Roman gentile name, belonging to the plebeian branch of the gens Claudia. - ESP., 2’. Clodius, a most bitter enemy of Cicero. He was killed in a fray by T. Annius Milo, who was defended

.

by Cicero in a famous oration still extant. Cn., for Gnaeus. coacerv6, -%re, -Hvi, -Stus, [con-

acervo], I . v. a,, kea$ up, mass together, heap on top (of others).

colctus, -a, -um, p. p. of cogp. colctus, -t8s, [con-actus (cf. cogo,

force)], M., conzpz~~sioiz. coagmentij, -Zre, -?ivi, -Ztus, [coag-

ment6-,joint], I . v. a.,fasdeiz together. coartij (-arc-), -%re, 4 v i , -8tus,

[con-arto], I . v. a.,press together, colt- j z e .

Cocosltes, -nm, [Celtic], M. plur., a people of Aquitania.

coemij, -emere, +mi, -Emptus, [con-emo], 3. v. a., bzly up.

coe6, -ire, -ivi (-ii), nop. p., [con-eo], irr. v. u., c o ~ e together, uzite, meet.

coepi, -isse, coeptus, [con-tapi (perf. of tapo, cf. apiscor)], def. v. a., (have tankcti AoZd of 1, began, under- tooh, stal-ttd. - coeptus, -a, -um, p. 1’. used in same seuse as the active with pass. infinitives.

coeptus, -a, -um, p. p. of coepi. coerceij, -ercEre, -ercui, -ercitus,

[con-arceo], 2. v. a., conjne, Keep in check.

cijgitij, -%re, -8vi, -?itus, [con-agito (in sense of wzdve, dzscuss)], I . v. a., comidcr, thiak over. --Esp. (as to some plan of action), thirzk about, discuss (what to do), have an idea OJ intend, consider (thnt something may happen), expect (contemplate the possibility) : cogitare ne, see that not, think how ~rot,pZan toprevent; nihil cogitare de bello (have 720

thought 05 etc.).

cagnlti6 29 comitiam

c6gnZti6, -Gnis, [con-(g)natio, birth], F., connection by birth. - Con- cretely, a fami&, a cZan: magnae cognationis, having connections (by blood).

ctignitus, -a, -um, p. p. of cog- nosco.

cogntisc6, -gn&cere, -gn6vi, -gni- tus, Leon-(g)nosco, Ze-arn], 3. v. a., learn, j n d ont,jnd, become aware. - ESP., investigate, inpuire in to , Learn about, study. -In perf. tenses (cf. nosco), h o w , be aware; cognitum est de aliqua re (something was known) ; causa cognita, @on n filll investzga- tion, after trial; egregia virtute erant cogniti (had been foz~nd to be of, etc.) ; ad cognoscendum, f o r inquiry.

cbg6, c6gere, coEgi, cokctus, [con- ago], 3. v. a., bring together, coZZect, asJembZe, get together. Hence, force, compel, oblige : coactua, by com..ul- sion.

cohors, -hortis, [con-thortis (reduced), akin to hortus, garden] F., an enclosure. Hence, a body of troops, a cohort (the tenth part of a legion, corresponding as a unit of formation to the company of modern tactics, and containing from 300 to 600 men).

cohortlti6, -Gnis, [con-hortatio (cf. cohortor)], F., an encouragiizg, en- couragement. - Esp. (to soldiers), an address (almost invariably a pre- liminary to an engagement).

cohortor, Gri, -%us, [con-hortor], I . v. dep., encourage, ra&, address (esp. of a commander): cohortati inter se, encou~aging, grging one an- Ptlt$Y.

coll- (except collis), see conl-. collis, -is, [?I, M., a hill. ~016, colere, colui, cultus, [?I, 3.

v. a,, tilZ, cultivate. - Fig., atteteltd u.on, cowrt, cultivnte (as a friend), pay court to, worship (of divinities).

colonia, -ae, [colonti- (cf. colo) + ia], P., (state of a colonist). - Con- cretely, a colony (both of the estab- lishment and the persons sent). The Roman colonists were and continued to be Roman citizens, anti served as armed occupants of the soil where they were sent in the interests of the mother country.

color, -6ris, [prob. akin t6 clligo, as opp. to white], M., color.

com- (con-, CO-) [the same as cum], adv. in comp., with, together, up. Often intensifying the meaning without definite translation.

combiirb, -firere, -fissi, -iistus, [con-tburo (?), relation to uro very uncertain, cf. bustum,funeraZpyre], 3. v. a., burn up, consume.

comes, -itis, [con- tmitis (MA in meo, go) + tis], c., a companion (esp. an inferior as attendant or follower).

cbminus [formed by some false analogy from con manus], adv., hand to hand (cf. Eminus, at a distance), in close combat, atshort range.

comitltus, -a, -um, p. p. of comitor.

comitium, -i, [?, perh. comit- (see comes) + ium, the assemblage of followers (cf. servitium)], N., a part of the Forum at Rome. - Plur., an eZection (assembly of the people for voting).

comitor 30 commove6

comitor, -iri, -Itus, [comit-, companion], I. v. dep., acconipary. - comitltus, -a, -um, p. p. in pres. sense, acco?npanyinty.

commeitus, -tiis, [con-meatus, cf. commeo, go 50 and fro], M., a goiq- to and fro, an expedition (back and forth), a tr$. Hence, communica- tions (of an army). -So also, S Z L ~

plies (of an army), jyovisions. commemor6, -Ire, -iivi, -Itus, [con-

memoro, call t o mind], I . v. a., remind one oJ Hence, speak oJ: mention, state (in a narrative).

commendti, -%-e, -Hvi, -Itus, [con- mando, commit], I. v. a., intmst, commend, recomn~end, szrrrender.

comme6, &e, -Ivi , -Itfirus, [con- meo], I . v. n., go back andforth. - With ad, visit, m o r t to.

cornmilitti, -6nis, [con-milit- (JOG dier) + 01, M., jeZZowsoZdier, con&- 7ade.

comminus, see cominus. . commissiira, -ae, [con-tmissura

(cf. committo)], B., a joint, a seam. commissus, -a, -um, p. p. of com-

mitto. committti, -mittere, -misi, missus,

[con-mitto], 3. v. a., (Zet go (send) together or altogether). EIence,join, urtitc, attach : proelium (epzgage, begin the engagement). - Also, trzist : se barbaris committere (pat one's self in the hands oJ etc.) ; nihil his committere (place no con$dence in, etc.). -Also, admit, aZZm (to happen), commit (suffer.to be done, cf. admitto), perpetrate : neque commissum a se, nothing had bzen done by them ; committere ut posset, Zeuve it

possi6Ze; nihil committebant, did nothing.

Commius, -i, [Celtic], M., a leader of the Atrebates.

commodE [old case-form of commodus], adv., advantageously, conveniently, jit4, rmdzly, to advantage : satis commode, to muck advantuge; non satis commode, not very easdy.

commodum, see commodus. commodus, -a, -um, [con-modus,

measwe, adj., (having the same m ensure with), jttizg, sziita bZe, convenient, advantag~ozrs : commodissi- mum est, it is the best thing, ?nost ndvantapeous. - Neut. as noun, convenience, corn fort, advmztage, interest : commodo rei publicae, witkozrt preju- dice to the 9arbZic infcrests; omnibus in vita commodis, all the blessings of life; rei familiaris commodum, the interests of one's propcity ; quas sui quisque commodi fecerat cfm his own r onvenience).

commonefaci6, -facere, -feci, -factus, [unc. case-form (of st. akin to moneo, warn) -facio], 3. v. a., re- ? Z i d

commoriitus, -a, -um, p. p. of commoror.

commoror, -iiii, -Stus, [con-moror],

commtitus, -a, -um, p. p. of com-

commoveb, -movere, -m6vi, -m& tus, [con-moveo], 2. v. it., move, stir, agitate. -With reflex., or in pass., 6e moved, move (intrans.), stir. - Fig., disz'urb, azitafe, afect? alarm, influence (with idea of violent feel.

I . v. dep., delay, stay, Zingw.

moveo.

w.

commiinicHtue 31 comproba

commiinicltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of communico.

commtnicij, -Hre, -Zvi, -stus, [tcommunicb (st. of tcommunicus, communi- + CUB)], I. v. a., (make common), share, communicate, consult (with a person about a thing, and so make it common), add (a thing to another), p u t in along with (something else).

commiini6, -ire, -ivi, -itus [con- muuio], 4. v. a., strofigly fortvy, f o r t f y , intrench, build (make by fortification).

commiinis, -e, [con- f munis (cf. munia, duties)], adj ., (having shares together), common, general, in com- m o n : ex communi consensu, by general agreement; consilium (general plan, concerh’ action) j res (thecom- mon interest).

commiitltib, -6nis, [con-mutatio (cf. commuto)], F., change: aestus (turn).

commiitltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of commuto.

commiitij, &e, -Bvi, -Htus, [con- muto], I. v. a., change, exchange: studium belli agriculturii (exchange the pursuits of war f o r agriculture).

comparltus, -a, bum, p. p. of I

comparo. I. comparb, -%re, -%vi, -Ztus, [con-

parol, I . v. a., get ready, prepare, . procure, xizin, get together, prepare for (with a different view of the object in English): omnibus rebus comparatis, having made all arrange- ments.

2. comparij, &e, -%vi, -?itus, [con-

parol, I. v. a., (pair together), compare.

compellb, -pellere, -puli, -pulsus, [con-pello], 3. v. a., drive together (or altogether), drive in, force, drive.

compendium, -i, [com + pendium], N., (a weighing in, cf. expendo, we@h out), a saving, projt.

comperiij, -perire, -peri, -pertus, [con-pano], 4. v. a., (get together), find out (by inquiry), ascertain, discover. -cornpertus, -a, -um, p. p. as adj., certain (cf. exploratus).

compertus, -a, -um, p. p. of com- perio.

complector, -plecti, -plexus, [con- plecto, fold], 3. v. dep., embrace, include, enclose.

compleij, -plEre, -plEvi, -plEtus, [con-pleo], 2. v. a., jll @, jll . - With a different conception of the action from Eng., cover, man (of walls).

complexus, -a, -urn, p. p. of complector.

complfirGs, -pliira (-ia), [con-plus], adj. plur., very 7rdany, a great many, a great number of.

comportij, -Hre, -Hvi, -iitus, [con- porto], I. v. a., bring together, collect.

comprehendb, -hendere, -hendi, -hEnsus, [con-prehendo], 3. v. a., seize, ratch, arrest, capture, grasp (one by the hand or clothing).- Fig., take, catch (of fire).

comprehSnsus, -a, -urn, p. p. of comprehendo.

comprob6, -are, -%vi, -Stus, [con- probo], I. v. a., prove, approve: consilium fortuna (justqy).

compuleua 32 condicia

compulsus, -a, -urn, p. p. of compello.

cfinltum, -i, [N. p. p. of conor as pass.], N., an attempt, an zcnder- taLi?zg.

cijnltus, -tiis, [con&- (st. of conor) + tus], M., an attempt, a n efort. ctinltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of conor. concEdti, -cCdere, -cess& -cessus,

[con-cedo], 3. v. a. and a., (@e zip a thing to onc), allow, grant, assign (leave, where the rest is talcen away), permit, y idd the p d i z (to a superior), yield, make a concession.

concert6, -Sre, -%vi, -%tiirus, [con- certo], I . v. n., conzttnd

concessus, -SEIS, [con-tcessus (cf. concedo)], M., a concession, a permission.

concidti, -cidere, -cidi, no p. p. [con-cado], 3. v. n., J z l Z down, fa l l .

concid6, -cidere, -cidi, -cisus, [con-caedo], 3. v. a., cut to pieces, c u t down (Icill), cut zip (land by estuaiies).

concili6, &e, -%vi, -8tns, [concili&, assenabl'y], I. v. a., bring together. Hence, win mer, secnre (even by force), win, gain.

concilium, -i, [con-tcilium (CAI, (caZl) + ium, cf. Kalendae)], N., a meetirzp: -ESP., a n assembly (of war or state), a couizciZ, a c o n f e ~ - ence : per concilium, i7z cozmciZ.

concisus, -a, -urn, p. p. of concido. concitltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of con-

cito. concitti, -%re, -iivi, iitus, [con-cito,

freq. of cieo, stir], I. v. a., arouse, stir up, call out (and so set in motion).

concllmltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of conclamo.

concllm6, -h, -%vi, -Stus, [conclamo, cry out], I. v. n., cry om', shout : victoriam (cogn. acc.), shout victory.

'concliid6, dgdere, -clBsi, -clCms, [con-claudo], 3. v. a., shzct up, eiz- cZose : mare conclusum (enclosed, inland).

concliisus, -a, -urn, p. p. of con- cludo.

Conconnetodumnus, -i, [Celtic], hl. , a leader of the Carnutes.

concrepe, -crep8re, -crepui, -crepi- tiirus, [con-crepo], I. v. n., rattle, chzsh: armis (clash their art~ts, of soldiers).

concurr6, -currere, -curri (-ciicui ii),

cursus, [con-curro], 3. v. n., r z c n together, rush 7~$, rush i ~ z , rzcsh (advance), flock to, Atrsten iTz : con- cursurn est, tlzrre was a rush.

concurs6, -8re, -%vi, -%tarus, [con- curso, freq. of curro, run], I . v. n., rush t o and f ro : concursari iubet, orders a noise O J r~iiz~zing io and fro to be mode.

concursus, -a, -urn, p. p. of concurro.

concursus, -sfis, [con-cursus (cf . concurro)], hi. , n rtishiizg to andfro, a dashing together (collision). - Esp., a charge, onset, a crowd ruit- ning, a cro7ud.

condemnCitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of

condemn8, -%re, -Hvi, -Itus, [con- damno, condemn], I. v. a., condemn, findgiiil&.

condici6, -6nis, [con-mc, say (cf,

condemno.

cond6n6 33 cbfiteor

condico, agree)], F., terms, condition, terms of agreement, terms (of fighting), state (of slavery) : ad iniquam

up, dress (of skins). - Also (cf, Eng. “done up ”),finish up, exhaust, wear out .’ nondum confecta hieme,

condicionem pugnandi, to j g h t on unequal terms.

condijnij, -%re, -%vi, iitus, [con-dono], I . v. a., give up, pardon for the sake of:

Condriisi, -orurn, [Celtic], M. pl., a Belgic tribe on the Meuse, clients of the Treveri.

condiic6, -dficere, -dfixi, -ductus, [con-duco, lead], 3. v. a., bring together, bring up (soldiers), hire : manus conducta, a band of merce- naries.

when the winter was not yet spent, before the end of; etc.- See also confio.

cijnfidb, -fidere, &us sum, [con- fido, t m s t ] , 3. v. n., (trust fuILy), be conjdent, trust, trust to, have con- fidcnce in, rely on, feel assured. - cenfisus, -a, -urn, p. p. in act. sense, trusting in.

cijnfigij, -figere, -fixi, -fixus, [configo, f i x ] , 3. v. a., j h t e n together, fasten.

cijnfinis, -e, [con-finis], adj., hav- cijnfectus, -a, -urn, p. p. of conficio. ing boundnrics together, nQacent : cbnferciij, -fercire, -fersi, -fertus, confines Senonibus, neighbors of the

[con-farcio], 4. v. a., crowd together. Senones. -cijnfertus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., cijnfinium, -i, [confini- + ium], close, crowded, dense, closely crowded, N., ne&hborhood, conjnes, common in close order, in a solid body.

cijnferii, -ferre, -tuli, -1$tus, [confer~], irr. v. a., brinf together, get together, bring in, gather, collect. - With or without culpam, lay the blame on, charge. -With reflexive, betake one’s seG remove, take refuge. -So with other words, fortunas, (remove, transfer). - Also,postpone, delay.

cijnfertus, -a, -urn, p. p. of con- fercio.

ciinfestim [acc. of tcon-festis (cf. festino, hasten)], adv., i n haste,

boundaries. cijnfib, -fieri, -fectus, [con-So],

irr. v. n. (used rarely as pass. of conficio), be accomplished, etc. (see conficio).

cijnfirmiti6, -anis, [con-firmatio, cf. confirmo], F., (positive) assurance, conyfrmation.

c6nfirmitus, -a, -um, p. p. of

cijnfirmij, -Hre, -iivi, -iitus, [confirmo, makejr tn] , I. v. a., strengthen. --Fig., strengthen, establish (pacem), reassure, encourage, conjrm, assure

confirmo.

immediately, at once. (by oath) : se (resolve). Hence (of * c6nfici6, -ficere, -feci, -fectus, things and statements), confirm,

[con-facio], 3. v. a., (do up), ac- declare. complish, complete, finish up, carry cijnfisus, -a, -urn, p. p. of con- out, jinish, perform. - Also, make up, write up (of a document), work chfiteor, -fitEri, -fessus, [con-

fido.

c6nfixus 34 conlaud6

fateor, confess], 2. v. dep., confess, ncknowledge, admit.

canfixus, -a, -urn, p. p. of configo. cbnflagra, -%re, -%vi, -itus, [con-

flagro, blaze], I. v. n., be oit $re, burn.

cimflictiitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of

cGnflict6, -%re, -8vi, -Stus, [con- tflicto, cf. confligo], I. v. a., clash against (one thing against another), assail, harass.

cBnflig6, -Agere, -flixi, -flictus, [con-fligo, strike], 3. v. a. and n., aash against, conlend, jght .

c6nflu6ns, -entis, [pres. p. of confluo], M., a meeting of two rivers, conjuence.

cBnffu6, -ere, -fluxi, no p. p. [confluo], 3. v. n., $ow together. - Less exactly (of persons), jock together.

canfugio, -fugere, -ftigi, no p. p. [con-fugio], 3. v. n.,Jee, take refage.

canfund6, -fundele, -fcdi, -ftisus, [con-fundo], 3. v. a., pour togethcr. - Less exactly, mingZe, mix indis- criniinnkb, unite without distinc- tiotr, unite, combine.

congredior, -gredi, -gressus, [con- gradior, stej], 3. v. dep., come together. - I n peace, unite with. - Esp. in war, come in contact with, engage,$$.

congressus, -a, -urn, p. p. of congredior.

congressus, -sGs, [con-gressus, cf. congredior], M., an engagement, en- cotinter.

conicia (-iicio), -icere, -ieci, -iectus, [con-iaoio], 3. v. a., throw togethcr, hurl, cast, discharge : se conicere,

conflicto.

throw one's seK& rush. -Less exactly (esp. in a military sense), throw (into prison), put (to flight), place, station (cf. military throw troops into, etc.), force. - Fig., put together (of ideas).

coniectiira, -ae, [con-iactura, cf. conicio], P., a g7ms ( I ' putting two and two together "), a conjecture: coniecturam capere, form a con~ec- ture, in fer.

coniectus, -a, -urn, p. p. of conicio. coniiinctim [acc. of tconiunctis

(iung (as root) + tis, cf. coniungo)], adv., united&, in C 0 7 m l l O i 2 , nl- together.

coniiinctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of coniungo.

coniungo, -iungere, -ifinxi, -iiinctus, [con-iungo, join], 3. v. a., unite, connect, fasten togethcr. -In pass., or with reflexive, unite (neut.), connect one's selA join. - coniiinctus, -a, -um, p. p. as adj., united, close& connected.

conianx, -iugis, [con-tiux (TUG, yoke, as st., with intrusive n from iungo)], c., a sjozse. - Esp., I(., (1 wfe.

coniiiriiti6, -anis, [con-iuratio, cf. coniuro], F., conspimcy, a imt -

fea'eracy. coniiir6, &e, -ivi, -Itus, [con-

iuro], I . v. n., swem together, take an oath (together), swear mutual oaths. Hence, conspire, $lot.

conliitus (con-), -a, -urn, p. p. of confero.

conlaudltus (c011-), -a, -urn, p. p. of conlaudo.

conlaud6 (coll-), -%re, -%vi, -%tus,

conlgctus 35 c6nsenti6

[con-laudo], I . v. a., praise (in set terms).

conlgctus (coll-), -a, -urn, p. p. of conligo.

conligb (COIL), -ligere, -le@, -l&ctus, [con-lego], 3. v. a., gather together, gather, collect, acquire (by accumulation). - With reflexive, col- led one’s se& recover.

conligb (coll-), +e, -Zvi, -%us, [con-ligo], I . v. a., bind together, fasten together: scuta (lock to- p-ether) .

conloc5tus (coll-), -a, -urn, p. p. of conloco.

conlocb, -?ire, -Zvi, -stus, [conloco, place], I . v. a., place, set, station (of troops, etc.) : angustius milites (stow, in a vessel). - Esp. (with or without nuptum), give in marriuge, marry (of a father or guardian). - Fig., settle : rebus conlocandis, making dispositions.

conloquium (coll-), -i, [con- tloquium, cf. conloquor], N., a conference, an interview, a parZey.

conloquor (coll-), -loqui, -lociitus, [con-loquor], 3. v. dep., (talk together), cofafer, hold an interview (or parley), parlty, convwse.

canor, -%ri, -?itus, [ ? con-, st. akin to onus, burden], I . v. dep., attempt, try, endeavor : idem conari, make the same attempt.

conquigscb, -quisscere, -quicvi, -quiEtiirus, [con-quiesco, rest], 3. v. n., rest, repose.

conquir6, -quirere, -quisivi, .quisitus, [con-quaero, seek], 3. v. a., search for, seek for , hunt up.

conquisitus, p. p. of conquiro.

cimsanguineus, -a, -urn, [con-san- guin- (blood) + eus], adj., akin (by blood). -As noun, a kinsntaa.

cbnscendb, -scendere, -scendi, -scEnsus, [con-scando, climb], 3. v. a., climb, climb upon: navis (in navis) (go on board) ; valIum (man, wount).

cijnscientia, -ae, [con-scientia, cf. conscius], F., consciousness, privi9, conscience, kttowledge.

cijnscisc6, -sciscere, -scivi, -scitus, [con-scisco, decree], 3. v. a., resolve. Less exactly, with dat. of reflex., take t o oae’s sev: mortem (commit suicide).

cijnscius, -a, -um, [con-tscius, SCI

(in scio, know) + us], adj., knowing (with one’s self or another), con- scious, aware of.

chscribti, -scribere, -scripsi, -scriptus, [con-scribo], 3. v. a., write down. - Esp., enrol, conscribe, levy, enlist.

conscriptus, -a, -urn, p. p. of conscribo.

cbnsecriltue, -a, -urn, p. p. of consecro.

c6nsecr6, -Hre, -?ivi, -?itus, [con- sacro, make sacred], I . v. a., hallow, consecmte. - cOnsecrStus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., consecrated, sacred.

cbnsector, -%ri, -?itus, [con-sector, freq. of consequor], I . v. dep., ovci. take, follow up.

cGnsecntus, -a, -urn, p. p. of consequor.

tijnsgnsib, -anis, [con-tsensio, cf. consentio], F., agreement, unanimiw.

c6ns8nsus, -scs, [con-sensus, cf. consentio], M., agreement, consent, harmoizious (or concerted) action.

cbnsentib, -sentire, -sensi, -sen

cansequor 36 cBnstantia

siirus, [con-sentio, feel], 4. v. n., agree, conspire, make common cause, a d with (some one).

ctinsequor, -sequi, -seciitus, [consequor], 3. v. dep., follow (and stay with), overtake. Hence, obtaiiz, secure, attoin, succeed in (some purpose). - Also, follow close upon, succeed, ensue.

ctinservfi, -Ire, -Ivi, Itus, [con- servo, save], I . v. a., save, preserve, spare. - Also, observe (law, right), regard.

Cfinsidius, -i, [con-tsidius (akin to sedeo, sit)], a Roman name.- ESP., Pz~blius, a Roman soldier.

cijnsidij, -sidere, -sEdi, -sessiirus, [con-sido], 3. v. n., sit dowz (in a place). - Less exactly, take a position, halt, encamp, scttle.

cansilium, -i, [con-tsilium (cf. consul, akin to salio, in some earlier unc. meaning)], N., deliberation, a cozinci2 (of war, more commonly concilium). - Esp., wise counsel, prudence, discretion. Hence, a plann, counsel, desifn, pzirposc. -And so (design carried out), coursc, meas- w e , condz~ct. - Phrases : ipsorum esse consilium (a matter fur them t o decide); quasi consili sit res, as ;f it wcre a matter for consultation ; commune consilium, cun- certed action ; publicum consilium, action of the state, oficiid action; barbaris consilium non defuit (an iutellzgent plan of action).

cijnsimilis, -e, [con-similis], adj., very like, just like.

cfinsist6, -sistere, -stili, no p. p., [con-sisto, piace (om’s s e ~ ) ] , 3. v.

n., take a stand, take a position, stand, keep one’s position, form (of troops). - I n perf. tenses, have II

position, starzd Hence, stop, halt, make a stand, hold one’s ground, run aground (of ships), remaiz, stay. - With in, occu$y, rest on. -Fig., depend on, rest OR.

cfinsobrinus, -i, [con-sobrinus, cf. soror, sister], M., j m t cousin (on the mother’s side). - Less exactly, (any) cousin german.

cfinsfilltus, -a, -um, p. p. of con-

cfinsijlor, 4ri, iitus, [con-solor, conzfol?], I . v. dep., console, cheer. - ctinsijlltus, -a, -urn, p. p. as pres., consoling-.

ctinspectus, -a, -urn, p. p. of conspicio.

cfinspectus, -tiis, [con-spectus, cf. conspicio], M., s@t. -in conspectu, in one’s presence; in con- spectum proferre (display).

cijnspicgtus, -a, -urn, p. p. of conspicor.

cijnspiciij, -spicere, -spexi, -spectus, [con-specio, Look a t ] , 3. v. a., catch sifht of; espy, see.

cfinspicor, -%ri, I tus , [tconspic-, cf. SPEC, sec], I . v. dep., catch s@hC of; es jy , see.

c@spirb, -%re, -8vi, -Itus, [con- spiro, breathe], I . v. n., sound together.- Fig., harmonize, agree. - Also, cons$ire, leagzie together.

cfinstanter, [constant- (standing $rm) + ter], adv., consistent&, uni- form&,, steadiCy, with constancy,

solor,

jr?n 4. cijnstantia, -ae, [constant- (stand.

cijnsternltus 37 clnsultum

i n g f r n i ) + ia], F., jrmness, constancy, undaunted couroge.

ciinsternltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of consterno.

cOnstern6, -%re, -iivi, -Stus, [con- istern6 (cf. sternax, prostrating)], I . v. a., overwhelm.- Fig., dismay, alarm.- cansterniitus, -a, -um, p. p., stricken with fear.

chsternii, -sternere, -strLvi, str5- tus, [con-sterno], 3. v. a., strew over (both of the thing thrown and that over which) : navis constrata (decked, fuU decked, as opposed to ships only covered at the ends).

c6nstip5, &e, -%vi, -Htus, [con- stipo, press], I . v. a., crowd, cram. - In pass. or with reflexive, crowd together.

ciinstitub, -stituere, -stitui, -stitii- tus, [con-statuo], 3. v. a. and n., set up, raise, put together, make up. Hence, estabzish, station, arrange, draw up (aciem). -Fig., determine, appoint, agree upon, determine upon, $x, decide upon: praemia (ofer).

constii, -&%re, -stiti, -stHtiiros, [con-sto], I . v. n., stand together.- Fig., agree (esp. of accounts) : numerus (be complete). Hence, be estabzished, appear, be agreed upon, be evident. (Esp. constat, it appears, etc.) - Also (from accounts), cost. - Also (with in), depend u)on.

constratus, -a, -um, p. p. of consterno.

ciinsuEsc6, -suEscere, -suEvi, -SUB- tus, [con-suesco], 3. v. n., become accustomed. -In perf. tenses, be accns- tomed, be wont. - cGnsuEtus, -a, -urn, p. p., nccustomed, wont, used.

ciinsuEtiid6, -inis, [con-tsuetudo (prob. tsuetu- + do ), cf. consuesco], F., habzt,custom, habits (collective~y), manners, customs, practice: victus (custoonzary mode of living); itineris (usual manner of marching).

ciinsuEtus, -a, -urn, p. p. of consuesco.

consul, -ulis, [con-sul (cf. prae- SUI, exsul), root of salio in some earlier unc. meaning], M., a conszd (the title of the chief magistrate of Rome, cf. consilium).- With proper names in abl., the usual way of indicating dates: M. Messala et M. Pisone consulibus, in the consuZ- ship of, etc.; se consule, in hiscon- sulship, as a date or occasion.

ciinsulltus, -tGs, [?consul%- (cf. consul) + tus], M., consulship.

cansulij, -sulere, -sului, -sultus, [prob. consul, though poss. a kindred or independent verb], 3. v. a. and n., deliberate, conszdt, take counsel, decide.- With acc., consult, take the advice of: - With dat., take counsel for , consult the inkrests of; con- si& for the weyare of; look out for, do a sevvice to: vitae (spare).- Phrase : sortibus consultum (est), lots were drown to decide.

cansult6, -iire, -%vi, -iitus, [consult&, decision], I . v. n., consult: de bello (tahe meosuyes for).

ciinsultti, [prob. like abl. abs. used impersonally], adv., w W deliberation, purpose&, des@ned(y.

consulturn, -i, [N. p. p. of consul~] , N., a decision, a n order, a decree. - Esp., senatus consultum, an order of the senate.

cansiimii 38 contine6

c6nsiim6, &mere, -siimpsi, -sGmp- tus, [con-sumo], 3. v. a., (take out of the general store). Hence, waste, consume, destroy, spend, exhaust.

csnsiimptus, -a, -um, p. p. of consumo.

cGnsurg6, -surgere, surr&xi, -sur- rectus, [con-surgo, rise]. 3. v. n., rise, rise up. - Esp. of a session, break up.

contabul6, -%re, -Zvi, -Stus, [con- tabula, cf. tabula, board], I . v. a,, build up (with floors in stories),floor with jlanks.- Also, build up (generally, as of a wall with towers).

contlgi6, -6nis, [con-ttagio, fr. TAG in tango, touch, cf. contingo], F., contact. - Esp. with something noxious, implying contagion.

contlminltus, -a, -um, p. p. of contamino.

contlmins, -&-e, -Hvi, -Ltus, [con- tamin- (st. of con-timen, Le. TAG (touch) + men)], I . v. a., bring into contact, unite. - Esp. with notion of contagion (cf. contagio), contami- nate: facinore contaminatus (ihpli- rated i vz ) .

conteg6, -tegere, -tiixi, -tEctus, [con-tegol, 3. v. a., CWCY up, covey.

contemns, -temnere, -temps& -temptus, [con-temno, s&ht], 3. v. a., despise, disreg-ad, hoZd in contempt.

contemptis, -h i s , [con-t temptio, cf. contemno], F., contempt, scorn: in contemptionem venire, incur the contempt, et c.

contemptus, -tiis, [con-ltemptus, cf. contemno], M., contempt, scorn : contemptui est, is a matter of ridicule.

contend6, -tendere, -tendi, -tentus, [con-tendo, stretch], 3. v. n., strain, struggZe, strive, try, endeavor, exert one's seZJ attempt, be zeaZous: id contendere et laborare, strive and exert one's seZf for, etc. - Esp. with verbs of motion, press on, hasten. - Also, jg-ht, contend, wage war. - With ad and in like constructions, hasten, march, start to go (in haste): vi contendere] to force a passage; petere contendit, seek earnest@.

contentis, -6nis, [con-ttentio, cf. contendo], F., struggle, eforts.-Esp., contest, j g h ting, dispute.

contentus, -a, -urn, p. p. of contendo and contineo.

contexti, -texere, -texui, -textus, [con-texo], 3. v. a,, ifherweave, weave together. - Also, weave (make by weaving).

contextus, -a, am, p. p. of con- texo.

contingns, -entis, pres. p. of contineo, wh. see.

continenter [continent- (holding together) -I- ter], adv., coxtinually, without stopping, colztinuously, iizces- sadly.

continentia, -ae, [continent- (hoZd- ing togeUer) + ia], F., se(f-restraint, moderation.

contine6, -tinEre, -tinui, -tentus, [con-teneo], 2. v. a,, hold together, hoZd in. Hence, in many fig. meanings, restrain, hold in check, keep (within bounds), hem in, retain (in something). - Pass. or with reflex., keep within, remain, he included in, be hounded, consist in (be contained in). -Also, RoZd on to, )in. - con-

continga 39 convert6

tingns, -en& pres. p. as adj., (holding together), continual, cont&uous, continuous. -Also, restraining one's se& continent. - As noun, the cowtin- zious land, the contiiteiat.-contentus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., satisjed, content.

conting6, -tingere, -tigi, -tHctus, [con-tango, touch], 3. v. a. and n., touch, rerzch, join. - With dat., happen.

continuiti6, -anis, [continua- (cf. continu6) + tio], F., continuation : continuatio imbrium, incessant rains.

continua [abl. of continuus], adv., immediately, straip.htway, forthwith.

continuus, -a, -urn, [con-ttenuus (TEN in teneo (LoZd) + uus)], adj., continuous, successive: dies (successive).

conti6, -6nis, [prob. for conven- tio], F., an assemb&. - Less exactly, an address, a harangue (to an assembly or to soldiers).

contianltus, -a, -um, p. p. of con- tionor.

conti6nor, 4ri, iitus, [contion-, address], 1. v. dep., harangue, address (an assembly or an army).

contrH [ u x . case-form (instr. ?) of tconterus (con- -I- terus, comp. ending)], adv. and prep. with acc., ojposite, contrary to, against, in ojjosi- tion, on the other hand: contra atque, contrary t o what, etc.

contrahb, -traherc, -trHxi, -trIctus, [con-traho], 3. v. a., draw fogefher, draw in, briqg together, gather together, contract, narrow, malze smaZZer, b i n s into smaZZer compass.

contrzrius, -a, -um, Ltconterti- (see contra) -I- arius], adj., ojposite (lit.

and fig.), contrary: ex contrario, on the contrary ; in contrariam partem, in the opposite direction.

contraversia, -ae, [controvers& (opposite) + ia], F., a dispute, a puar- ?el. - Plur., grounds of puarrel.

contumllia, -ae, [unc. form., akin to contumax and tumeo, sweN], F., (swelh'ng pride ?), an outrage, an insult, an afront. - Fig., violence (of waves), befefing.

convalEsc6, -valEscere, -valui, no p .p , [con-tvalesco, cf.valeo, be wdl] , 3. v. n., recover, get well.

convallis, -is, [con-vallis], P., a valley (enclosed on all sides). - Less exactly, a dejle, a valley (of any kind).

convgctus, -a, -urn, p.p. of con- veho.

convehb, -vehere, vsxi, vectus, [con-veho], 3. v. a,, bring together, bring in, collect.

conveni6, -venire, -vEni, -ventus, [con-venio], 4. v. a. and n., come to#Cether, meet, assemble, come in, ar; rive, agree aipon, agree. - With acc., meet, come to. -Also, of things, be agveed upon, be jtting, be neressai y (in a loose sense in Eng.).

conventus, -tfis, [con-tventus (cf. convenio and adventus)], M., an assembr'y, a meeting. - Esp., an assize, court (the regular assembly of Roman citizens in a provincial town on stated occasions, at which justice was dispensed).

conversus, -a, -um, p. p. of con- verto.

convertb, -vertere, -verti, -versus, [con-verto], 3. v. a., turn about, turiz

Convictolitavis 40 cotidi6

- Fig., change: signa (change front, wheel) ; conversa signa bipartito intulerunt, wheeled and chargcd the enemy in two directioirs : conversa signa in hostes inferre, face ndout nzd charge, etc. ; in fugam conversa, put t o pzght; conversam [materiam] ad hostem collocabat, phced [fnZZen trees] with their tops towmds the enemy ; contra vim fluminis, ngnimt the cuweiz t ; itinere converso, alter- i7Zg his cowse ; mentes conversae sunt, their state of mind wns cknqed.

Convictolitavis, -is, [Celtic], hi., a young Hleduan nobleman.

convictus, -a, -um, p. p. of con- vinco.

convincij, -vincere, -vici, -victus, [con-vinco, coitp/ier], 3. v. a., pro?^, ilrnkegoort (a charge, etc.): avaritia convicta, foziizd 'yuiZv of nvnrice (changing the point of view for the Eng. idiom).

convoc6, -iire, -%vi, -Htus, [con- VOCO], I . v. a., rnlltogether, S Z I ~ I H I Z O ~ Z ,

6a.U (a council). coorior, -oriri? -ortiis, [con-orior,

r i s ~ ] , 3. (and 4.) v. tlep., ai-ise, .$~',itrg 7tp, hi-enk o id (of a war).

coortus, -a, -um, 1). p. of coorior. c6pia, -ae, [tctipi- (con-ops, n i 2 )

4- ia, cf. inopia, inops], F., nbux- dam?, pZedy, szq!pZy (both great and small), pnt t t i t y , nui&~. - Esp., Zz~xury (abundance of everything). - Plur. (esp. of forces), forces, resources, szippZies. - Phrases ; copiam facere, n z u i d n s@plry, jrive an op&~rtz&~ ; magna copia locorum (choice) ; copia atque usus, itecessrzry sujplies.

cijpiijsus, -a, -urn, [copia (re. duced) + osus], adj., (ndozrizdiizg in wenZth), welZ s@pCied, wenlthy.

c6pula, -ae, [con-tapula (from AP, 2.y hold of )], F., (holdiiz3 togefhey), a g~nppZiq~-hooB.

cor, cordis, [root as st. (akin to Eng. heart)], N., the henrt.- Phrase : cordi esse, be den?:

c6ram [~inc. case, formed from con and OS, &e], adv. and prep. with ab]., face t o &e, present, i i z pe?'son.

Coriosolites, -turn, [Celtic], nf. plur., a people of Areinoric Gaul.

corium, -i, [I], N., n hide, n skiw. cornii, -CIS, [?I, N., n hor~z. - Fig.,

a wing (of an army). cortins, -ne, [?I, P., n gizrZnmi. -.

Il'ig., n circZe (Zim, of soldiers). -. Phrase : sub corona, at nuctioiz (the garland being the symbol of a. captive for sale a t auction).

corpus, -oris, [unc. root + us], N., thc body, the pcrso~z. - Also, ii

bo& (dead). - I.ess exxtly, extent (of a camp). - Phrase : magnitudo corporis, size, stnttwe.

corrumpij, -rumpere, Mpi, -ruptus, [con-rumpo, b i m k ] , 3. v. a,, spoil, ?%if/.

cortex, -icis, [?I, hi. (also v.), bwk. C6rus (Caurus), -i, [?I, hi., the

7zfl,-thzocst Wi/Zd. c6t&, -is, (caw) [akin to cos,

whtstorre], P., a rock (sharp or jagged), n Tee$

cotidi~nus (quo-), -a, -um, [cotidie- + anus], adj., &+.- cotidiano labore.

cotidil (quo-), [quot (how mntiy)

cotta 41 cultfira

-die, loc. of dies], adv., dai(y, every dev.

Cotta, -ae, [ I ] , M., a Roman family name. - Esp., Lucius Aziruncu- leius Cotta, a legatus of Cesar.

Cotugtus, -5, [?I, M., a chief of the

crem6, -Bre, -:vi, -itus, [?I, I . v. a,, durn, consume: igni cremari, de burned alive, be burned t o death.

creij, -ire, -%vi, -Htus, [unc. form., akin to cresco], I . v. a., (cause to grow), create. - Esp., elect, choose,

Carnutes. Cotus, -i, [Celtic], M., a young

Hsduan nobleman. crassitadii, -inis, [crass& + tudo

(as if crassitu- -I- do)], P., thichnesl. Crassus, -i, [crassus, f a t ] , M., a

Roman family name.- Esp.: I . Mar- cus (Liciuizrs) Crassus, consul with Pompey, B.C. 5 5 ; one (with Cresar and Pompey) of the combination called the First Triumvirate. - 2. pubfim Crassus (called Adulescens, the Younpr, only as distinguished from hi5 father), son of the Triumvir, serving with Cosar in Gaul as commander of cavalry. - 3. .Marcus Crassus, anotherson of the Triumvir,

ajjoint. Cr&, CrEtis, [Cr.], M., a Cretan.

-As adj., Cretan. cresc6, crEscere, crEvi, crEtus, [st.

cr8- (also in creo, bring forth) with -sco], 3. v. n., grow, increase, swell (of a river), de swelfea', increase 27C

influence (of a man), grow greot, grow powerful.

Critiigniitus, -i, [Celtic], M., a chief of the Arverni.

cruciiitus, -tfis, [crucia- (st. of crucio, torture) + tus], M., crucifr- ing. Hence, torture. - With a change of relation, sufeerinf (of the person tortured).

criidelis, -e, [?crud& (in cru- quzstor, B.C. 54, in Cresar's army.

fascine (a hurdle used to hold up earthworks in fortification). -Also,

desco, akin to crudus, bloody) -k lis, &it&, -is, [?I, P., a hurdfe, a cf.Aprilis,animllis], adj., (bloody?),

cruel. - See the following. crEdQitgs, -tHtis, [crudeli- + tas],

wicker (for hurdles). creltus, -a, -um, p. p. of creo. crEber, -bra, -brum, [ere- (in creo,

bring forth) 4- ber], adj., thich, close, molterous, frepeent : arbores (thick@ growing); praesidia (contiuuous, not f a r apart, at short intervals).

crGbr6, [prob. abl. of creber], adv., frequentCy, constantly, in rapid succession, at short intt.rvals.

cr6d6, credere, crEdidi, crEditus, [tcred-, faith (of unc. formation) -k do, place], 3, v. a. and n., trust, cn- trust, believe, su$$ose.

F., cruelty.

cruel&, with crue2ty- crEdCliter [crudeli- + ter], adv.,

criis, crtiris, [?I, N., the leg. cubile, -is, [tcubi- (st. akin to

cumbo) + lis (cf. crudelis), N. of adj.], N., a couch, a resting$lace, a ded, a lair.

culmen, -inis, [unc. rqot (in cello?, ri le) + men], N., a hezght, a top, a summit, a roof:

culpa, -ae, [?I, F., a fault, dlame,

cultiira, -ae, [cultu- (cf. colo, till) guizt.

cultus 42 cnst6dia

+ ra (F., of rus)], u., culfivafion, cui- ture : agri cultura, or agricultura, the cziltiziatioit of the soil, agriculture.

cultus, -tBs, [COL (in colo, fill) + tus], hi., crcZfivalion. - Esp. of one's self, care. IIence, civzlzzol'ion, manner oJ life, stafe of civilization.

cum [ ? I , prep. with abl., with. cum (quom), [case-form of qui],

conj., when, while, whenever. - Often rendered by a different con- struction in Eng. : cum non possent, not being able; cum prohibent, while defendizg. - Of logical relations (usually with subjv.), when, while, since, inasmach as, though, althoqyh : cum . . . tum, whiZe .. .so aZso; cum . . . tum maxime, not on$ . . . but especial&; cum primurn, as sooiz as.

cumulus, -i, [tcumFj + Ius], hi., a nzuss, n heap, a pile.

cunctlti6, -6nis, [cunctg- (st. of cunctor) + tio], F., hesitation, re- luctance, indisposition tojgh f.

cunctor, -Lri, -I tus, [?I, I . v. dep., hesitate, hang 6ac4 6e relzicfunf : non quin (Lave no hesifation in, etc.).

ciinctus, -a, -urn, [for coniiinctus ?], adj., all, all together.

cunegtim [cune6-, wedFe (reduced) + atim, as if acc. of tcuneatis], adv., in fhe shape of a wedre. - Esp. of soldiers, i 7 z (apecaliar wedge-shaped) column of attuck.

cuneus, -i, [akin to conus, coize], M., a wedgt.

cuniculus, -i, [Cr.], M., (u cony)..- Transf., n 6urrom. Hence, a mine (esp. in a military sense).

cupidT [old case-form of cupidus], adv., eagerly, zeulous&, earnest&.

cupiditls, -t$itis, [cupidb f tas], IC., desire, eageniess, rreed: cupidi- tate adductus, throzgh over zeal.

cupidus, -a, -um, [noun st. akin to cupio 4- dus], ad]., eager, desirous, loiging (for), fond oJ ambitious (for), with a passion (for).

cupi6, -pere, -pivi, -pitus, [partly root verb, partly from tcupi- (cf. cupidus)], 3. (and 4.) v. a. and n., be eager (for), de anxious, desire, (stronger than volo). With dat., wish well to, Be zealousfor. --- Phrase ; cupientibus signum dat, gives the s&- nul lo his impntieient soldiers.

ciir (qu6r), [perh. for qua re], adv., why (rel. and interr.).

cfira, -ae, [akin to caveo, beware], ~r., cure, anxzely, attention : curae alicui esse, 6e one's care, o&ect o j one's aftentioz.

ciir6,,-Lre, -%vi, -Ltus, [cur?], I . v. a. and n., taL7e care, providefor.- With gerundive, cause (to be clone), hove (done).

currus, -tis, [CUR (?)+ us, cf. curro, Y Z ~ R ] , M., a chariot (= essedum).

cursus, -siis, [CUR (?) + tus, cf. curro, run], M., a ~ z i m i n g rzinning, speed, a r u ~ (in concrete sense), u cozirse (space or direction run) : cursum adaequare (keep t@ with) ; cursu incitato or magno, at fzdl s@d; eodem cursu, with the same ii/zpetus, 7~1~th@?ctsfo~~i71'~r ; in hoc medio cursu, mid70ay of fhisjassnge, from Britain to Ireland.

cust6dia, -ae, [custod ( , p a r d ) + ia], F., custody, p a r d (state of be. ing guarded). - I'lur. (conci-ctely), gtlayds, keeper.r.

custcidici 43 Decetia

cust8di6, -ire, -ivi, -itus, [custod-, guard, as if custodi-1, 4. v. a., keep under guard, guard.

cust6s, -tBdis, [unc. st. -I- dis (cf, merces, -8dis, palus, -Gdis)], c., a guard, a watckman, a keeper, a spy.

D

D, [half of C I 3 = MI, 500. D., for Decimus. DHCUS, -a, -um, [?I, adj., Dacian

(of the Dacians, apeopleof Thrace, north of the Carpathiau Moun- tains, occupying parts of Hungary, Gallicia, Wallachia, etc.). - I'lur., the Daciam.

damnHtus, -a, -um, p. p. of damno. damn8, -Ire, -Hvi, -Itus, [damn&,

loss], I . v. a., (fine),findguilty, condemn.

damnum, -i, [?, D A (give) + menus (cf. alumnus)], N,, ( f ixe ) , loss.

DHnuvius (-bius), -i, [?I, M., lhe Llam.de, the great river flowing from the mountains of Germany eastward to the Black Sea.

.

datus, -a, -um, p. p. of do. dG [unc. case-form of pron. st. DA

(in idem, dum)], adv. (only in comp.) and prep. with abl., dowiz from, of from, from, away from. Hence, qua de causa, f o r which rea- sora ; de populo mereor (deserve weLl or 2 2 of, properly win f r o m ) ; de consilio (by, cf. ex). - Esp. in pnrti- tive sense, out of; of: pauci de nos-

(about), in regard to, conceriting, for: de regno desperare; nihil de bello timere, have no fear of war; de potentatu contendere ; de iniuriis satisfacere. -In expressionsof time, just after, about: de tertia vigilia. -

tris. -Also (cf. E I I ~ . of), nbozit, (f

Often with verbs of sense which may take acc. : sentio de, Learn, discover. - Phrases : de improviso, ofn sttddeiz, unexpected&. -In comp., down, of, away, througk (cf. debeo,

dEbe6, -bere, -bui, -bitus, [de-habeo], 2. v. a., (hnve of of one'spos- sessions), owe, be bound, ought, must, canizot he@ : iudicari debere (mzght welZ be, etc.). -Pass., be due, be

di5ci5d5, -cedere, -cessi, -cessfirus, [de-cedo], 3. v. n., (make way o f i cf. cedo), retire, withdraw, withdraw from, shuw. - Esp. (from life), dre.

decem, [?I, indecl. num. adj., tee. deceptus, -a, -um, p. p. of decipio. dGcern6, -cernere, -crEvi, -crCtus,

[de-cerno], 3. v. a. and n., (decide OA so as to clear away), decide, determine, decree, order (as a result of determination).

dGcert6, -Lre, -Hvi, -%tiis, [de-certo, fight], I . v. a. and n., contend (so as to close the contest, cf. L'jght it out"), decide the issue, try the issue (of war), carry on war,fght (a general engagement): rid a demive battle (with or without pugna).

dzcessus, -sits, [de-tcessus, cf. decedo and incessus], M., with. drawal, departure: aestus (ebb, fail).

Decetia, -ae, [Celtic], F., a city of the Hedui, on the Loire, Decist.

decerto).

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http://Llam.de

dEcid5, -cidere, -cidi, no p. p., [de- cado], 3. v. n , falZ OJ (or dowu), f a l l (from one’s horse).

decimus, -a, -urn, [tdeci- (as st. of decem) -I- musj, adj., tenth. - Masc. as noun, a Romaii prznomen (see Brutus).

dCcipi6, -cipere, -ci+i, -ceptus, [de-capio], 3. v. a., (take U I , catch), begde , deceive.

decliirii, Zre, -%vi, -Ltus, [de-claro], I. v. a., (clear of), ma& plain, declare (decide and state).

dEclivis, -e, [de-clivis (or clivus, slope)], adj., sZoping down, i?zclivzed. - Plur. as noun, sZopes.

dgclivitls, -&tis, [declivi- -k tas], V., slope: ad declivitatem, downward.

decretum, -5, [prop. N. of decretus], N., a decrce, a decision.

dEcrEtus, -a, -urn, p. p. of decerno. decumiinus, -a, -urn, [decum&

(reduced) f anus], adj., beZoiying to the tenth : porta (the reargate, of a camp, where the tenth cohort was posted).

decuri6, -6nis, [decuria- (reduced) + 03, M., a commander (of a decuria of cavalry, a small squadron).

dEcurr5, -currere, -curri (cucurri), -cursiirus, [de-curro], 3. v. n., run down, run away, Wurry of.

decus, -oris, [unc. root (cf. decet, itdecoazes) + us], N., honor, glory.

dedecus, -oris, [de-decus], N., disgrace, dishonor.

dEditicius, -a, -um, [dedit& (reduced) + cius], adj., szirrendered. - Plur. as noun, prisoners (taken by surrender), subjects, persons sur- rendered.

dEditi6, -6nis, [dedatio, cf. aedo], v., surrender : in deditionem accipere, receive oize’s surrendw ; in deditionem venire, t o sun-ender.

dzditus, -a, -urn, p. p. of dedo. d6d6, &re, -didi, -(litus, [de-do],

3. v. a., sive over, sz i~~ender , give z@, devote. -- In pass. or with reflex., szrrrcndcr 071C’S S C ~ , SZf67tl it.

dGdiic6, -dBcere, -dtxi, -ductus, [de-duco], 3. v. a., Zead daw% or of, lead away, withdrizw, draw O J (praesidia), take away (of men), h i 7 g

azway, lead (from one place to another), bring (into a situation).- Fig., indvce, bri~g, lead. - Esp. of ships, Zazinch (draw down); of women, marry (used of the man, cf. nubo) ; of things, hirig, draw, durn. So, raise (a mail to foi tune). - Also, rem in periculum (cuzise a perilous situation) ; re in controversiam, de- ducts (rovzhzg to, ctc.) ; deduci milites (march out, led by their commander).

deductus, -a, -urn, p. p. of deauco. dEfatigHti6 (-fet-), -Onis, [de-fati-

gatio], I?., exhaustioit. dgfatigltus (-fet-), -a, -urn, p. p.

of defatigo. Gfatigii (-fet-), -.%e, -%vi, -Htus,

[de-fatigo], I. v. a., ?weal- oat, cxltaust, worry, tire ont.

dEfecti6, -Onis, [de-factio, cf. de- ficio, fail], ~.,JulZing o& de/ection, fallinLy away, reuoZt.

dgfendii, -fendere, -fendi, -fEnsus, [de-fendo, strzke], 3. v. a., ward o f i defend one’s seZJ against. - Also, with changed relation, defknd, protect.

di5f6nneiii 45 Olioturn

dEfEnsi6, -iinis, [de-tfensio, cf. aefendo], F., a defence.

dEflnsor, &is, [de-tfensor, cf. defendo], M., a defender.-Also, a means of defence, a defence, a bufer. - Phrase : speciem defensorum, a show of defence.

dlferij, -ferre, -tuli, -1Ztus, [de- fer~], irr. v. a., carry down, carry away, bring, land (of ships). - Pass., be borne down or OH, drift (of ships), turn aside: delati in scrobee (faZl- zng). - Fig., confer upon,pzd in. one's hiina's, hand ovey, report, Zay before.

dlfessus, -a, -urn, p. p. of defe- tiscor.

dlfetiscor, -fetisci, -fessus, [de- fatiscor, gape], 3. v. dep., crack opts. - Fig., become exhausted. - defessus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj ., exhausted: defessus, I I ~ r.xhuit.i/ed u ~ a n .

didh.56, -ficere, -fEci, -fectus, [de- facio, nzake], 3. v. a. and n., fail,j%ll away, revolt, faZl 03 abandon (with ab) : animo (des,zjond).

dEfigb, -figere, -fixi, -fixus, [defigo, fasten], 3. v. a.,/Tx (in ar down), plant, set, fasten, drive down.

dEfini6, -ire, -ivi, -itus, [de-finio, end] , 4. v. a., set limits to,$x, appoint.

dlfixus, -a, -urn, p. p. of defigo. dlfluii, -fluere, -Rfixi, -fluxfirus,

[de-fluo], 3. v. n., fIow down, $ow apart, diviCe (of a river).

dgfore, see desum. dgformis, -e, [de-forma (shape),

weakened and decl. as adj.], adj., uncomely, unshapely, ugly, kd-look- ing.

d6fugi6,- -fugere, -fiigi, no p. p.,

3

[de-fugio], 3. v. a. and n.,JPyfrom, avoid,Jy, JRee.

dliciii (dliic-), -icere, -iEci, -iectus, [de-iacio], 3. v. a., cast down, throw down, drive of, drive out, dislodge, kill (pass., fa l l ) , overthrow, throw on shore (of ships), deprive, reduce : ea spe deiecti, disappointed in this hope.

dliectus, -a, -urn, p. p. of deicio. dEiectus, -tiis, [de-iactus, cf. iacio,

throw], M., a declivity, a slope. deinceps, [dein- (cf. deinde) i

ceps, cf. CAP in capio], adv., in SZIC

cession. deindc (dein) [de-inde, thence],

adv., then, next. dElZtus, -a, -urn, p. p. of defero. dllect6, -%re, -%vi, -Stus, [de-

tlecto, cf. delicio], r . v; a., dehght. - Pass., take delzght, delight.

dll6ctus (ai-), -t%, [de-lectus, cf. deligo, select], M., a levy, a conscrjp- tion.

dllgctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of deligo. dEle6, -Ere, -1Evi, -1Etus, [de-tleo

(akin to lino)], 2. v. a., (smear out), blot out, wipe out (of a disgrace). - Fig., annihizate, destroy.

dGlltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of deleo. dEliber6, -8re, -%vi, -Stus, [de-

tlibero, perh. akin to libra, balance], I. v. a. and n., discziss, conszdt, deliberate : re deliberata, after discz6ss- ing the matter.

delibrii, -%re, -%vi, -Stus, [tde-librl-, bark (adj. de-liber)], I. v. a., peel, strip (of bark).

dglictum, -i, [N. p. p. of delin- quo], N., Lhing left undone, faiZure, ofence.

d8ligFitue 46 depereo

dzligiitus, -a, -um, p. p. of deligo (-2re).

delig6, Jigere, -lEgi, -]&us, [de- lego], 3. v. a., choose out, select.- dElEctus, -a, -um, p. p. as adj., chosen, picked.

dElig6, &e, -%vi, -Stus, [de-ligo, biizd], I . v. a., tie down, moor, t ie.

dElitEsc6, -litEscere, -litui, no p. p., [de-latesco, cf. lateo, h&], 3. 8. n., hide away, hide, skulh, lurk.

dgmentia, -ae, [dement- + ia], F., madftess, follyc

demessus, -aJ -urn, 1’. p. of de-

dEmet6, -metere, -messui, -messus, [de-meto, ~elrp], 3. v. a., rea?, ciit dow7z.

dEmigr6, -ire, -%vi, -atfirus, [de-migro, dtjari], I . 17. xi., move mory (change residence), ~itove one’s efects, emigrate.

dEminu6, -uere, -ui, -iitus, [de- minuo, cf. minus], 3. v. a. and n., diminish, cz i r td , Iessen, detract: de voluptate quicquam (ntaie any dimi- n t ~ t i o n of) : quid de legibus (disi-e- gnrd i i z any manner) ; de sua benevolentia (Zesscn his pod-will).

dcminatus, -a, -urn, p. p. of de- minuo.

dEmitt6, -mittere, -misi, -missus, (de-mitto], 3. v. a., Zetgo dozufz (cf. mitto), l e t duwn, stick dozan (at the bottom of a ditch). -In pass. or with reflex., let one’s seelf down, descend, set OIIB’S self down. - Fig., des$ond (se animo), be discozimpd, -dEmissus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adi., Zow-han‘yiiz~, dowed (of the head).

dEm6, dcmere, clernpsi, dernptus,

meto.

[de-emo, take], 3. v. a,, take dozun, take oJ, yemove, take away.

dGmGnstrltus, -a, -um, p. p. of demonstro.

dEm6nstr6, -Bre, -%vi, -Ltus, [demonstro, sho7u], I . v. a,, point out, show, represent, mention, state, speak of; make known.

dEmoror, &i, &us, [de-moror], I . v. dep., deelny, retard.

dEmptus, -a, -uni, p. p. of demo. G m u m [acc. of tdEmus (super].

of de), nethermost, Zast], adv., at last, at Zength (not before).

dEneg6, 4re , -Hvi, -Stus, [de- nego], r . v. a. aud n., denyJ refme, say ,tot.

dEni, -ae, -a, [for decni, decem reduced -t nus], distrib. num. adj. plur., t e n each, ten (on each side), tela (in sets of ten).

dEnique [tden6- (de 4- nus, cf. demum) que], aclv., at last: multo denique die, not tiU Cute, etc.- Of urtlcr,/Zizol(y, in a word, in short. - C)f preference, at any rate (if no better, ctc.).

dEnsus, -a, -urn, [?I, aclj., thick, crowded, a’ense.

dEniinti6, -ire, -%vi, -itus, [de- nuntio], I . v. a., unizozcme (with no tion of threat), threaten, declare, ZuaY11, 01-llkY.

dEpell6, pellere, -puli, -pulsus, [de-pello], 3. v. a., drive drive (away), diselodzc, avert.

dEperd6, &re, -didi, -ditus, [de- perdo], 3. v. a., Zosc, de deprived @: tantum opinionis (foifeit).

dEpere6, -perire, p r i i , -peritfirus, [de-pereo]. irr. v. n., he last.

d€p6nB 47 dEsiderij

dlp6n6, -p6nere, -pow?, -positus, [de-pono], 3. v. a., lay down, lay aside, deposit. - Fig., lose, abandon (hope), blot out (memory), resign.

dgpopulitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of

dgpopulor, -iiri, -%us, [de-populor], I. v. dep., ravage, lay waste; p, p., pass., b i d waste.

dSport6, -Ere, -iivi, -iitus, [de- port~], I. V. a., carry of, carry aw~y, remove.

dgposcij, -poscere, -poposci, no pep., [de-posco], 3. v. a., demalzd earnest+, demand, caZZ for, cZaim.

dgpositus, -a, -um, p. p. of de- pono.

dEprecltor, &is, [de-precator, cf. deprecor], M., a mediator (to beg off something for somebody) : eo deprecatore, by his mediation.

dgprecor, -iiri, -iitus, [de-precor], I. v. dep., pray to avert something, pray (with accessory notion of relief), beg, beg o$; pray for pardoit, pray to be spared, resort to prayers, ask for guarter, beseech.

dgprehend6, -hendere, -hendi, hensus, [de-prehendo, grasp], 3. v. a,, captu~e, catch, seize, take possession of: -As in Eng., catch (come upon), surprise.

dgprehhus , -a, -urn, p.p. of deprehendo.

dBpiign6, &e, -gvi, -Etus, [de- pugno], j g h t decisive+, j g h t it out.

dgpulsus, -a, -urn, p.p. of d e pello.

d8rgctG (ai-) [old case-form of derectus], adv., straight : ad perpendiculum (per$endicularly).

depopulor.

derBctus (di-), -a, -urn, p.p. of derigo.

dErig6 (ai-); -rigere, -rExi, -rectus, [de-rego], 3. v. a., straighten out, direct: aciem ( jorm) ; opera (set in order, arraizge). - dWctus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., strakht, straight u$ and down, perpendiczdar.

dgrivitus, -a, -urn, pep. of de- rivo.

dBriv6, -%re, -%vi, -%tu , [perh. immediately fr. de-rivus (brook), prob. through adj. st.], I. v. a., draw oJ (water), divert.

dErog6, -%re, -Hvi, -2tus, [de-rogo, in its political sense], I . v. a,, take away, withdraw.

dEscend6, -scendere, -scencli, -sc& siirus, [de-scando], 3. v. n., climb down, descend. - Fig., resort to, have recourse to, adopt (with ad).

dEsec6, -sec%re, -semi, -sectus, [de-seco], I . v. a., cut off.

dEser6, -serere, -serui, -sertus, [de-sero, join], 3. v. a., disunite.- Esp., adandon, forsake,give up, Zeave in the lurcA.-dEsertus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., desezted, soZitary.

dgsertor, -Gris, [de-tsertor, cf. desero], M., a deserter.

assertus, -a, -urn, pap . of desero.

dgsiderltus, -a, -urn, p.p. of de- sidero.

dgsiderij, -?ire, -Lvi, -Etus, [?, cf. considero], I. v. a., feel the want OL desire, miss, need, desire (want to see), Zose (of soldiers). - Pass., he missing (Zost) : perpauci desiderati quin cuncti, etc. (aU with very f ew excqtions) .

dlsidia 48 datinea

dlsidia, -ae, [desid- (st. of deses, de- SED as st.)], P., ideness, sloth.

dEsignZtus, -a, -um, p.p. of de- signo.

dtisignij, -%re, -%vi, -atus, [de-signo], I . v. a., mark ant, iitdicate, m c i ~ t t .

dEsili6, -silire, -silui, -sultus, [de- salio], 4. v. n., leap down, leu$ (down),jwtp ovcr6oa~d, dismowzt.

d6sist6, -sistere, -stiti, -stitfirus, [de-sisto], 3. v. n., s ta id of, cease, stop, desist from, abatidon : fuga (cerise Jzying) .

dlspectus, -a, -urn, p.p. of despicio.

dtispectus, -t%, [de-tspectus, cf. despicio], M., a view dozwn, view (from a height) : oppidum haberet despectas (sheer precipices).

dtispCrlti6, -6nis, [de-tsperatio, cf. despero], F., des$aiY, des$ef*ation.

dlspErltus, -a, -um, p. p. of despero.

dGsplr6, -%re, -%vi, -stus, [despero, cf. spes, hopc], I . v. n. (but see below), ceizse to hope, &$air. - dEspEriitus, -a, -urn, as pass., d ~ s - paired of: - Also a s adj., (hopeless ?, perh. orig. despaired of ), hence desperate.

dtispiciij, -spicere, -spexi, -spectus, [de-specio], 3. v. a. and n., Zook dowiz, look dowiz [email protected]. (cf. Eng. equivalent), Zoo& down @on, despise.

dCspoli6, -%re, -%vi, -Itus, [despolio], r . v. a., strip 08 - With change of relation, strip (also fig., as in Eug.).

dtistiniitus, -a, -urn, pep. of de- stipo.

dlstin6, -Hre, -%vi,, -%tu, [perh. dEstinX-, a prop (fr. de-srn-nus)], I . v. a., fask i t , n i a k e j k t , n t a k e j i ~ n t , get fas t LoldoJ; cntchJrm@. Hence, fig., J x upoti, appoiiit, choose, d2s- tine.

dCstitu6, -tnere, -hi, -tiitus, [de- stltuo], 3. v. a., set apurt (from one's self), n6aadon, dese9.t.

dtistitiitus, -a, -urn, p . 1 ~ of de- stituo.

dlstrictus, -a, -urn, p.p. of de- stringo.

dgstringij, -stringere, -strillxi, -strictus, [de-stringo], 3. v. a., sty$ 0 7 - Also (cf. despolio), szr$, drnw (of swords, stripping them of their scabbards).

dcsurn, -esse, -fui, -futfirus, [desum], irr. v. n., (6e /may), be zunm'- ing, de lackifiz, fa i l . - ICsp., fizil to do oiie's dz@~ 6y, etc. - Often, lack (changing relatioil of sulij. and following dat.), be without, not hnve.

dssuper [de super], adv., f i i l J J C

above. dgterior, -ius, [compar. of tdeter

(de + terus, cf. interior)], adj., (farther down), iifcrior, worse : deteriora vectigalia facere (~'nl.pai~).

dEterre6, -terrEre, -terrui, - tu - ritus, [de-terreo], 2. v. a., frzghteen o& d e t e ~ , p e v e n t (csp by threats, but also generally).

dtitestltus, -a, -urn, 11.1). of de- testor.

dgtestor, -$ri, -atus, [de-testor], I . v. a,, ((a21 the ,pds to witims to prevent somethitig), entreat (from a thing). - Also, cuyse.

dStine6, -tinEre, -tinui, -tentus,

dStricta 49 dicb

[de-teneo], 2. v. a., hold o$; detain, delay, stop.

detract6 (-trecto), 4re, - iv i , -itus, [de-tracto], I . v. a., (hold of f i o m one’s self), avoid, shuvt.

dctrlctus, -a, -urn, p.p. of de- traho.

dEtrah6, -trahere, -trSxi, -tr%ctus, [de-traho], 3. v. a., draf o x smztch (away). - With less violence, take away, take 03, withdraw (with no violence at all).

detrectii, see detracto. dEtrimentGsus, -a, -urn, [detri-

ment& (reduced) -I- osus], adj., det- riwiental, hurtf2il.

detrimenturn, -i, [de-ttrimentum (triin tero, Yub, 4- mentum), cf. detero], N., (a rzi66ing of), loss, injury. - Esp., dcfeat, disaster.

dcturbltus, -a, -om, p. p. of de-

dlturb6, -%re, -%vi, -itus, [de- turbo, disturb], I. v. a., drive of (in confusion).

deiirii, -firere, -%si, -fistus, [deuro], 3. v. a., durn O J durn up.

deus, -i, [akin to divus, Iovis, dies], M., a god.

deiistus, -a, -urn, p. p. of deuro. dEveh6, -.rehere, -vExi, -vectus,

[de-veho], 3. v. a., carry away, britig (to a place), bring along.

dEveni6, -venire, -vEni, -ventfirus, [de-venio], 4. v. n., come away, land (come down from the sea), come (from one place to another).

dEvexus, -a, -urn, [prop. a p. p. of deveho], adj., sloping. - Neut. plur. as noun, slopes, hillsides.

dGvictus, -a, -urn, p. p. of devinco.

turbo.

dEvinc6, -vincere, -vici, -victus, [de-vinco], 3. v. a,, congzieu (so as to prostrate), subdue (entirely).

dEvoc6, -%re, -%vi, -Stus, [de- VOCO], I . v. a., call down (or aw(zy). - Esp., fig., invite, 6ring: fortunas in dubium (risk).

dEvMus, -a, -urn, p. p. of de- voveo.

dEvove6, -vovEre, -v6viJ -v6tus, [de-voveo], 2. v. a., vow (away). -- Less exactly, devote. -dZv6tusJ -a, -urn, p.p. as noun, a devoted follower (sworn to die with his companion).

dexter, -era, -erum, (-tra, -trum), [unc. st. (perh. akin to digitus?) 4- terus], adj., ~zght (in the right hand). - dextra, F., (sc. manus), the ri@t hand (esp. used as a pledge of faith, as with us).

Diablintes (-tres), -urn, [Celtic], M. plur., a Gallic tribe, a branch of the Aulerci. -

diciii (less correctly dit-), -6nis, [st. akin to dico + 0, cf. legio], F., (command, cf. Eng. ‘,say”), do- minzon, sway.

dic6, -ire, -pvi, -itus, [tdicti- (cf. causi-dicus)], I . v. a., a&idge, assign (in some legal manner). - Less exactly (esp. with reflex.), asst&, nznRe over: se in clientelam ( b i d one’s sev, attach one’s s e v ) ; se in servitutem (surrender).

dic6, dicere, clixi, dictus, [DIC,

in dIco and dicus], 3. v. a. and n., (pointout?), say,sprak, name.-Esp., with authority, name, appoifzt, j x : ius (administer, cf. dico) ; sententiam (give). - Special uses : dicunt, Uey

dictit 50 dimidius

say : causam dicere, plead one’s cnnlue, hence be tried, be brourht to triab. - See also dictum.

dictib, -Bnis, [die (as root of dico) + tio], F., a sjeaking, a pleading (cf. dico) : causae (pleadizg one’s canse, trial).

dictum, -i, [N. p. p. of dico], N., n thing said, a sfntement, n rcmark, a command: dicto audiens esse alicui (be obedient, obey).

didiic5, -dtcere, -dUxi, -ductus, [dis-duco], 3. v. a., di.nze, @art, lend @art, sepnrnte, divide.

digs, -ei, [prob. for dives, DVU fns] , M. (rarely F. in some uses), a &zy (in all Eng. senses).-Also, time: in dies,from day to day, with idea of increase or diminution: diem ex die ducere, put o#n thing day after day ; ad diem, on the day ; dies longior, a lnfer tivie.

differb, differre, distuli, diliitus, [dis-fero], irr. v. ‘a. and n., bear a jnr t , spread. -Also, postpone, de- fer, d&rr.

difficilis, -e, [dis-facilis, easy], adj., not cosy, d i c u l t : iter (hard to pass over).).

difficultss, -tiitis, [difficili- (weakened) + tgs], F., dij’iczdty: magna difficultate adficiebatur, was much troubZed; rei frumentariae (dzflczilv of supp&iq gmin) .

difficulter [difficili- (weakened) 4- ter], adv., with di@cztb&; compar., with greater diflcdIy.

diffidij, -fidere, -fisus sum, [dis- fido], 3. v. n., distrust, not have confidpnce.

diffisus, -a, -urn, p. p. of diffido.

diffundij, -fundere, -fCdi, -fiisus, [dis-fundo], 3. v. a., spread ozit.

digitus, 4, [?I, M., a filnlger: pollex (the thumb). -As in Eng., a jn&s breadtk, a filiger (as a measure).

dignitls, -tiitis, [dign6- + tas], E., worthiness, worth, dzkniw, krzs- t&, position (superior) ; tribuere (have respectfor).

dignus, -a, -um, [?, perh. root of dico + nus], adj., worthy.

diiiidicb, -%re, -Ivi, -Itus, [dis- iudico, jzidge], I. v. a. and n., decide (between two).

dilEctus, -a, -nm, p. p. of diligo. diligenter [diligent- + ter], adv.,

careful&, with care, wifh exacfness, excicf&, with pains : conservavit (tookpnins to save) ; parum diligenter, too carelessly.

ailigentia, -ae, [diligent- f ia], E., care, pnins, pninstakiii~y, dili- ge-ence : remittere (cease t o takepains, take less care).

diligb, Jigere, -Exi, -16ctus, [dis- lego], 3. v. a., (choose out), Zove, 6t. fond of. -See also diligens.

dimEnsus, -a, -mi, p. p. of dimetior.

dimetior, -m&tiri, -mEnsus, [dis- metior], 4. v. dep., measure (in parts), measzire oztt (esp. of camp). - dimEnsus, -a, -nm, measured.

dimicltiij, -his, [dimico], F., &ht, contest.

dimicb, -Ire, Gvi, -HtCrus, [dis- mico], I . v. n., (brnndiJh swords to decide a contest ?), fisrrt (a decisive battle), risk nit engagement.

dimidius, -a, -um, [dis-medius],

dimitta 5 1 &spar6

adj., (divided in the middle), h a g - Neut. as noun, fhe hag.

dimittb, -mittere, -mi$ -missus, [dis-mitto], 3. v. a., let go. away, let s&, l e t pass, Let go, give up, re- linquish, ahandon : oppugnationem (raise) ; victoriam (let go, on purpose). - Also, send in dzferent directions, send about, desjatch, detail, disband, dismiss.

dirzctus, -a, -urn, see derectus. direptus, -a, -um, p. p. of diripio. dirigb, see derigo. dirimb, -emere, -Em& -Emptus,

[dis-emo, take], 3. v. a., take a?art, heaK up (a conference).

diripib, -ripere, -ripui, -reptus, [dis-rapio], 3. v. a., seize (in dif- f eren t directions) , plunder, pillage, 9-avage.

dis-, di- (dir-dif-), [akin to duo?], insep. prep. (adv.), in comp., apart, asunder, in dferent directions, not , an-. - Cf. discedo, discerno, dirimo, diffundo.

Dis, Ditis, [akin to dives, rich, as the earth is the source of riches], M., Pluto (the god of the under morld, and so of death).

discEd8, -cEdere, -cessi, -cessiirus, [dis-cedo, go], 3. v. n., whkz'raw, depart, retiye, leave (with ab), go away .- locus unde discesserant, the place which they had left; ab officio ( fa i l in one's duty) ; spes hostibus (forsake, fa i l ) ; ab signis (leave the ranks); ab armis (lay down one's arms).

disceptitor, -t8ris, [disceptg- (st. of discepto, decide) +tor], M., a jiidce, an arbittr, umpire.

discern6, -cernere, -&vi, crEtus, [dis-cerno, separate], 3. v. a,, sepa- rafe, distinguish.

discessus, -si%, [ais-tcessus, cf. discedo], M., a departure, a with- drawal.

disciplina, -ae, Cdiscipul6- (reduced) + ina, cf. rapina], F., (pu - pillage a), discipline, insfruction, a system (of doctrine, etc.), a.cour,re of instruction.

discliidb, -cliidere, -clcsi, -cliisus, [dis-claudo], 3. v. a., shut aparf, Keep apart, separa fe, divide.

discs, discere, didici, discitiirus, [for tdicsco (DIC 4- sco)], 3. v. a. and n., Learn : discendi causa, for instruction.

discrimen, -inis, [dis-crimen, cf. discerno], N., a separation, a decision. Hence, a moment of decision, a crisis, critical condition, danger.

discussus, -a, -urn, p. p. of dis- cutio.

discuti6, -cutere, -cussi, -cussus, [dis-quatio, shake], 3. v. a., strike (or slrake) orpart, beat away. drive away, cleai- away, dislodge, shatter.

disicib, -icere, -i&ci, -iectus, [dis- iacio], 3. v. a., hur1 apart, break up (a phalanx), disperst, tear fij (yards). -ddisiectus, -a, -um, p. p. as adj., scattered, broken, an dzs- order : pabulatio (in widely scattered places).

disiectus, -a, -urn, p. p. of disicio. dispzr, -paris, [dis-par], adj.,

unequal, iilferior, ill-matched, dzferent.

dispar6, -Ire, -Ivi, -zitus, [dis-

disperg6 5 2 divert6

parol, I . v. a., scatter, sepamte, (cf. disiungo).

dispergij, qergerc , -spersi, +per- sus, [dis-spargo, scatter], 3. v. a., scat&, disjerse.

dispersus, -a, -um, 11.1). of dis- pergo.

dispanb, pOuere, -posui, positus, [dis-pono], 3. v. a., place adoztt (in various places), skition (variously), array (at several posts).

dispositus, -a, -urn, p. 11. of dis- pono.

disputltiij, -Onis, [dis-putatio, cf. disputo], F ~ , t l ismssion, disp'z&.

disput6, -?re, -%vi, -%tiis, [dis-, puto, reckoiz], I, v. 11. and a., rlisrztss, i9cvestz:yate.

disshsiij, -&lis, [dis-tsensio (cf. dissentio)], I;., dt f i~re izc~ ' os o$iniuiz, disa~yreement, disseiisioit .

dissenti6, -sentire, -sL'nsi, -sSii- stirus, [dis-sentio, fcel], 4. v. n., .'if/'.r i 7 z oyiizion (cf. sentio), de r r t

varinitrc, disqrce (ab, with) . disserij, -ere, [dis-sero], 3. v. a.,

l)luit here aird therc, place ad inter- 7 N l S .

dissimulij, -%re, -Hvi, -Stus, [dis- simulo, mnhe liht], I. v. a. and n., ($rcfe?id sumethizg is x o t ) , coitccal (what is), dissemdk.

dissipiitus, -a, -um, 1'. 1). of dis- sipo.

dissip6, -are, Zvi, -%tiis, [dis- Isupo, thmw], I . v. a., scattt.r, dis-

perse : dissipati, st~rz&ihg ti-uups. dissuzdeij, -sGdL're, - s u S , -suB

sus, [dis-suadeo], 2. v. a., nri'visc t o the contrnr~~, o$l)ose (in argument), dissuude.

distine6, -tin&!, -tiiiui, ,tentus, [dis-teneo], 2. v. a,, h e $ apart, Auld aszmci'er, he@ from mcz'ti?ig-, cztt oJ (in military sense), isolate.

distti, -stHrc, [dis-sto], I. v. n., st(77zd apart, be distant: quantum iunctura distabat (mjw as the (lis- t ame bttzaeea, etc.) ; quantum summa labra distabant (tht width [oJ the ditch] nt the to$).

distrahb, -tralicre, -triixi, -trictus, [dis-traho], 3. v. a., d r q osunder, se jnmte . Hence, clistrnct.

distribuB, - h e r e , -liui, -butus, [dis-tribuo, nss$n]: 3 . v. a,, ass i~ i z (to several), distridzttt, cliizide.

ditissimus, -a, -urn, superl. of dives.

diE [1)ro11. acc. of st. akin to dies], aclv., J"r n time, n Zoizg time, foi so?ize t h e , i'oiig: tam diu, so Zozg; quam diu, ho7u h i f , os lun& as long as ; diutius, mcy l'uicgc~; diutissime, f o ~ thr Zoii,pst iimc, i u n p ~ t .

diurnus, -a, - m i , [tdius, akin to diu a i d dies, +nus] , aclj., uf the rhy, ciai@ (as opposed to nightly) : iiocturnis diurnisque itineribus (ly

diiitinus, -a, -urn, [diu + tinus], adj., (hg i 7 ~ t ime) , L o q coizti~c~~cd.

diuturnitiis, -tiitis, [diuturno- f tas], F., higth of time, luolzg- cam'iiczi- aitce, Zen,yth (in time).

diiiturnus, -a, bum, [diu f turnus, cf. hesternus], aclj ., loup. co~7timmz', Zoolzg (in time).

myht mrd day).

diversus, p. p. of diverto. divertij, -vertere, -vcrti, -versus,

Cdis-verto], 3. v. a. and 11.) t z ~ r ~ z aside (or a j a r t ) , sejarcrte. --diver-

&ea 53 domua

sus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., separate, distant, diverse, dz fferent.

dives, -itis, [?I, adj., rich. Diviciicus, -i, [Celtic], M.: I. A

leader of the Hzedui, brother of Dumnorix.-z. A leader of the Suessiones.

Divic6, -h i s , [Celtic], M., aleader of the I-Ielvetii.

dividb, -videie, -visi, -visus, [dis- tvido, VIDH (?), cf. vidua, widow], 3. v. a,, divide, separate. - divisus, -a, -um, p.p. as adj., divided: Gallia divisa est. - Also, spread out.

divinus, -a, -um, [div& (as if divi) 4- nus], adj., of the gods, divine: res divinae, matters of ye&- gion, rezigion.

I . db, dare, dedi, datus, [DA,

g-ive, cf. 2. do], I . v. a., giue, afford, offer, aZZow, concede, assign, grant : responsum (answer, rep&) ; sibi minus dubitationis dari, that he had Cess hesitation; filiam in matrimonium (marry); se vento (run before the w i n d ) ; manus (submit, yield, from holding out the hands to be bound); hostes in fugam (put t o jight) ; operam (take pains, exert one’s seZJ see io it that, etc.) ; negotium uti (em$Zoy one to, etc., engage one to, etc.) ; suspicionem (afloud, makea show,but also have an appearance) ; arbitros (assign referees, a judicial function).

o. do [DHA, pZace], confounded with I. do, but appearing in comp., $ace, put, as abdb, condb.

doceb, docEre, docui, doctus, [unc. formation akin to dico and disco], 2. v. a., teach, show, itform, rcprc-

sent, stute (in the course of the narrative).

documentum, -i, [docu-(?) (as st. of doceo) + mentum], N., a means of teaching, a proof, a warnins, a n example.

doleb, dolgre, dolui, dolitfirus, [perh. dol& (st. of dolus, craft)], 2. v. n., feeZpaiit, sufer. - Esp. men- tally, be pained, grieve.

dolor, &is, [dol- (as root of doleo) + or], M., pain (physical or mental), distress, indignation, cha- grin, vexation : magno dolore ferre, be very indignaizt, fee2 much cha- grin; magno esse dolori, to be a great annoyance or sorrow; almost concrete, a pievance.

dolus, -i, [perh. akin to doleo, originally stroke ?I, M., a n aytz@ce, deceit, trichs, a stratagem.

domesticus, -a, -um, [dom& (as if domes-, cf. modestus) f ticus], adj., (of the house), of one’s home, one’s own, at home: bellum (domestic, internaZ, intestine).

domicilium, -i, [perh. dom& + icilium (fr. root of colo)], N., aa abode, a house, a dweling$lace, a house (as a permanent home).

dominor, -%ri, -atus, [dominli-1, I . v. del)., rzde, be master.

dominus, -i, [tdom6- (riding) + nus], M., a master, an 07uiier. Domitius, -i, [dotnit& (reduced) + ius], M., a Roman gentile name.

- Esp., Lucius Dontitius Ahenobar- bns, consul in B.C. 54.

domus, -i (-iis), [DOM (BuiZd?) + us (-os and -us)], P., a home, n home: domi, at home; domum, home,

d6nHtus 54 duplex

to ofze’s home; domo, from home; domo exire, go away, emzkrate.

dijnltus, -a, -um, p. p. of dono. Donnotaurus, -i, [Celtic], hi., a

Gallic name. - Esp., Gaitis Valerizis Doat2otazwus, a chief of the Helvetii, son of C. Valerius Caburus, and brother of C. Valerius Procillus. The first two names of these persons are Roman, taken from the name of their patron.

dijna, -Hre, -Hvi, -Zitus, [dona-],

dubius, -a, -um, [duo 4- bius, cf. superbus and dubito], adj., doubt- f u l : est dubium, there is doubt, it is dozibtfztl.

ducenti, -ae, -a, [du&centi (plur. of centum)], adj., two hzim’red.

diicij, dficere, dfixi, ductus, [DUC (in dux)], 3. v. a., lead, draw, bring (of living tliings) : primum pilum (be j l - s t centurion). - Esp. of a general, lead, march. - With or without in matrimonium, marry

I . v. a.,present, give (as a gift).- Also, honor with a ggt, present (one with a thing) ; civitata aliquemdonare, giue one the rights of citizenshi$.

(of the man).-Less exactly, run (a line, a ditch), draw, make. - Fig., $ro/ong, drag out. -As mercantile word, and so fig., reckon, consider.

dijnum, -i, [DA (give) + nus$ N., a 9ift.

dorsum (-us), -i, [?I, N. (and M.), the back.-Less exactly, a summit (of a long ridge).

dijs, dotis, [DA (give) -I- t is (reduced)], F., (a g@). - Esp., a inarriage &it, a dowry, a portion (given at marriage).

druides, -urn, [Celtic], nr., the Druids, the priests of the Gallic religion.

Dubis, -is, [Celtic], ni., the Doz~ds, a river of Gaul, flowing from the Jura into the Saane.

dubitiitia, -6nis, [dubitH- (st. of dubito) + tio], P., doudl, hesitation : alicui minus dubitationis dari, to feel less doubt or hesitation.

dubitij, -Zire, -%vi, -Ltirus, [tdu- bit& (partic. of lost verb dubo ?, cf. dubius)], I. v. n., doudt, have doubt,

ductus, -tfiS, [DUC f tUS], M., lead, commaad.

dum [pron. DA, prob. acc., cf. tum], conj., a t that time. - Also, while, so loizg as. Hence, till, u d Z .

Dumnorix, -igis, [Celtic], M., a leader of the Hredui, brother of Iliviciacus.

duo, -ae, -0, [dual, of st. tdv6-, cf. bis], num. adj., two.

duodecim [duo-decem], indecl. num. adj., twelve.

duodecimus, -a, -um, [duo-decimus], nutn. adj., twewh.

duodEni, -ae, -a, [duo deni], num. adj., helve (in a set).

duodEviginti [duo de viginti, tweizp], indecl. num. adj., eighteen.

duplex, -plicis, [duo-tplex, cf. plico, fold], adj., twofold, doidle : acies ( i i z t w o divisions, arranged for

feel doubtful. - Also (absolutely, or with iuf., rarely with quin), hesitate, feel hesitatim, vaciZlate. pose).

successive attacks in the same direction, or for the same tactical pur-

duplicc 5 5 effodi5

duplic6, -%re, -%vi, -Ltus, [duplic-1, I. v. a., double, increase two-jiold.

diiritia, -ae, [dura-$ tia], P., hardness, hardship.

durij, -?ire, -Hvi, -%us, [dura-], I . v. a,, harden, toughen, make hardy.

Diirocortorum, 4, [Celtic], N., the chief city of the Remi, now Rheims.

8, shortened form of ex (esp. in composition), which see.

eii [instr. or abl. of is], adv., this way, that way, thus, in that direction, in that quarter.

Eburijnes, -urn, [Celtic], M. plur., a Belgian tribe, dependents of the Treveri, living no-rth of these between the Meuse and the Rhine.

Eburovices, -um, [Celtic], M. plur., a Gallic tribe, a branch of the Aulerci living in the region of modern Perche.

Bdiscij, -discere, -didici, no p. p., [ex-disco], 3. v. a., learn o f i leaearn by heart, commit to memovy.

Bditus, -a, -urn, p. p. of edo. 6d6, -dere, -didi, -ditus, [ex-do],

3. v. a., pu t forth, give forth : exempla cruciatusque (make an e.e ample by ivjictiug severe torture). - Bditus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., elevated, raised, high.

BdoceB, -docGre, -docui, -doctus, [ex-doceo, teach], 2. v. a., show forth, explain, inform, tell , instruct.

Bdiicij, diicere, -clfixi, -ductus, [ex-duco]. 3. v, a., lead out, lead

diirus, -a, -um, [?I, adj., hard.- Fig., hard, severe, dz@cult: si quid erat durius (any severe contest) : si nil esset durius, if no accident happened.

Diirus, -i, [durus], M., a Roman family name. - Esp., Quintus La- berius Durus, a military tribune in Cesar’s army, killed in Britain.

dux, ducis, [DUC (lead) as st.], c., a leader, a guide, a commander.

E

forth, draw (a sword), bring out (baggage-train).

Bductus, -a, -um, p. p. of educo. .effarci6 (-ferc-), -farcire, -farsi,

-fertus, [ex-farcio], 4. v. a., s t u j out, j l l in (solid).

effEmin6, -?ire, -%vi, -iitus, [ex- tfemino, or perh. teffemina- (or -i), in either case from femina], I . v. a., make into a woman. - Less exactly, (make like a woman), enervate, weaken : animos (enfeebZe, debauch).

effer6, efferre, extuli, ElZtus, [ex- fero], irr. v. a., carry out, bring out, carry away. - Less exactly and fig., spread abroad, make known, pzcblish abroad, pii fup, eZate (cf. Eng. ‘‘ carried away ”). - Also (cf. edo), raise U P .

efficiij, -ficere, -fGci, -fectus, [ex- facio], 3. v. a., make out, make, en- able, accomplish, cause, produce, cause to be, make into, make out (furnish) : ut praeberent (ntafie them aford) ; u t sint laboris (nrab ctrpa- ble of) ; u t posset (make possible) ; classem (get together, cons t~uct ) .

effodib, -fodere, - f X , -fossus,

effossua em8

[ex-fodio], 3. v. a,, dtg out, gougc O U t .

effossus, -a, -urn, p. p. of effodio. effugib, -fugere, -fCgi, -fugitirus,

[ex-fugio], 3. v. a., escape, Jee (absolutely),$yfrom.

egBns, pres. p. of egeo. egeb, egEre, egui, no p .p , [tegti-

(cf. indigus, itr wafzt)], 2. v. n., wmt, need, be b waizt. -egEns, -elitis, pres. p. as adj., needy, destitute.

egest%, -tiitis, [uuc. st. (perh. egent-) + tas], IC., poverty, desti- tutioir .

ego, mei, [cf. Eng. I ] , pron., I (me, etc.). - Plur., nbs, we, u s , etc.

egomet, nbsmet, etc., pron. emph., with encl. -met, I, we.

Bgredior, -gredi, -gressus, [ex- gradior, step], 3. v. dep., mzrch out, go ou t , move beyond: finis (pass be- yoizd) ; navi ( l a i d , disembark) ; unde erant egressi, the place they hud lejit; ex oppido (evacuate).

Bgregi6 [old case-form of egre- gius], adv., rmarhab(y, $m&, mtrtwze(y well.

Ggregius, -a, -urn, [e grege (out 4 the herd) f ius], adj., o u t of the com~izotz, reainrkable, szijeriw, E X -

cellent, unco~n?m.w, sjecial. Egressus, -a, -urn, p. p. of egre-

dior. Egressus, -si%, [e-gressus, cf.

ingressus and egredior], &I., n h?2di?ZL{~.

Sic%, -icere, -iEci, -iectns, [ex- iacio], 3. v. a., cast out, drive out, cost up (cf. edo). - With reflex., YZdSh out, rush

Gectus, -a, -urn, p. p. of eicio. Biusmodi [eius modi], as adj.

phrase, of this kind, of such a k i d , such, of such a Tiatwe, of this zatwe.

BlHbor, -1Hbi, -lHpsus, [ex-labor] , 3. v. dep., slip out, escape.

BlHpsus, -a, -urn, p. p. of elabor. Elltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of effero. Elaver, -veris, [Celtic], N., a

tributary of the Loire, now Alfier. BlEctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of eligo. elephantus, -i, [Gr. acc. ZAP-

$av.ra, declined], M., an elephant. Eleuteti, -6rum, [Celtic], M.

plur., a people dependent on the Arverni.

Elicib, -licere, -licui, -licitus, [ex- lacio], 3. v. a., entice out, draw out.

Eligb, -1igere) -legi, -1?ctus, [ex- lego], 3. v. a,, pick out, select. - ElEctus, -a, -urn, p. p. as aclj., Picked (troops).

ElusHtBs, -ium, [Iberian], M. plur., a people of Aquitania.

Bmigrb, -%-e, -8vi, -Htlirus, [ex- migro], I . v. n., remove (pernia- nently), emigmte. - With domo (in same sense).

Bmineii, -nEre, -mi, no p. p., [ex- tmineo, prqkct], 2. v. n., stand oi l / ,

project. Eminus [ex manu, hizmz', cf. comi-

nus], adv.,ata distaizce,atlongraizge. Emitt6, -mittere, misi, -missus,

[ex-mitto], 3. v. a., letgo, drop, send out, throw, hurl, discharge. - Pass., or with reflex., rush owt.

emb, emere, EmT, ernplus, [EM?, orig. taIRe], 3. v. a., (take, only in compounds). - Esp., buy (cf. Eng. sell, orig. givz) , purchase.

Bnascor 57 ergl

BnIscor, mnzsci, -niitds, [ex-nascor],

enstus,' -a, -um, p. p. of enascor. enim [prob. e (in en, ecce) +

nam], (always postpositive) conj,, really. - Esp. as explanatory, for, But, nozu, foi- in fact: neque enim, &w of cozme . . . not, f o r you see . . . not.

Eniintiltus, -a, -um, p. p. of enuntio.

6nClnti6, -Lre, -%vi, -Stus, [ex- nuntio, aiziiozince], I . v. a., make Known, 7-eport, disclose, Yeveal: hostibus enuntiari; (that) the encnzy wcre irifornied of;

e6, ire, i v i (ii), itnrus, [root I], irr. v. n., go, pass, miwch, advance, proceed. - Pass. inf. iri used with verbs to form the fut. pass. inf.

e6 [old dat. of is], aclv., thither, there (in sense of thither). - Often translated by more def. expressions in Eng., to theplace (where, etc.), on them (it, him, etc.) : usque eo ut, to that degree that, so f a r that.

e6, abl. neut. used as the abl. of degree of difference ; see is.

e6dem [old dat. of idem, cf. eo, thither], adv., to the sanie place, iiz the same $face (cf. eo), there also: eodem conduxit (tu the same @ace [as himself]) ; eodem pertinere, looh in the same dirccl io~z, tend lhe same woy; esdem ill0 pertinere . . . ut, faaored the same idea . . . that, belorzfed t o the same desfkn . . that.

ephippiltus, -a, -um, [ephippia- (as if st. of verb, cf. auratus) + tus, see ephippium], adj., saddled, capar-

3. v. dep., spring out, g ~ o w out. isonrd: equites (riding on saddles, as a less manly form of horseman. ship).

ephippium, -i, [Gr. .!@,lnntov ( B d , upon; i'mrq~, a horse)], N., a horse- cfoth, caparison, housing.

epistula (epistola), -ae, [Gr.], F., a fetter, a note, a message (in writing), a despatch.

Eporidorix, -igis, [Celtic], M . : I . A nobleman of the H d u i . - 2.

Another, VII, 67. epulum, -i, plur., -ae, -Hrum, [ ? I , N.

(sing.), F. (plur.), a feast, a banquet. eques, -itis, [equti- + tis (re.

duced)], M., a hursemaiz, a yider.- Plur., cavalry.-Esp. (as orig. serving on horseback), a Knight (one of the moneyed class at Rome, next in rank to the senate).-So also, a kn(rht (of Gaul, of a corresponding class).

equester, &is, -tre, [equit- f tris], adj., of Knkhts, uf cavalry.

equitltus, -tis, [equitii- (as st. of equito, ride) + tus], M., cavalry, horse (troops serving on horseback).

equus, -i, [AK (swift) + vus], M., a horse.

EratosthenEs, -is, [Gr.], M., a Greek philosopher and mathema- tician of Alexandria, born at Cyrene B.C. 276. He mas famous for his investigations in geography and as. tronomy.

BrEctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of erigo, ereptus, -a, -urn, p. p. of eripio. erg5 [prob. instr. of same st. as

ergo], prep. with acc., towards (of feeling and conduct) : fides erga aliquem.

erg6 58 ex

erg6 (-6 rarely) [unc. form, perh. dat., cf. erga], adv., therefore, then.

erig6, -rigere, -rexi, -rectus, [ex- rego, mafie straight], 3. v. a,, set up strazght, raise up. - With reflex., $et u$.-ErEctus, -a, -um, p p . as adj., hkh , h&h aitdsti-ai’ht.

Eripi6, -ripere, -ripui, -rcptus, [ex-rapio], 3. v. a., sizatch away, wrest (a thing from), deprivd (one of a thing, changiug the relatiou ill Eng.), take from, rescue: se eripere ne, save one’s se/f ji.om doing a thing.

err6, -Hre, -zvi, -fitiirus, [?I, I . v. n., wairder, g o asti’ay, err, de mistaken.

Brump6, -rumpere, -riipi, -ruptus, [ex-rumpo], 3. v. a. and ii., 6urst out, s a l 4 out, mafie a sal&.

Erupti6, -6nis, [ex-ruptio, cf. erumpo], F., a 6reaking out, a sal&, a sortie.

esseda, -ac (-urn, -i), [Celtic], F. (and N.) , a .war chariot (of the Gauls).

essedIrius, -i, [essedb (-a) (reduced) f arius], M., a charioteer (a warrior fighting from an essedum).

Esuvii, -orurn, [Celtic], hz. plur., a Gallic tribe in the region of Nor- mandy.

et, conj., and: et . . . et, loth . . . a d .

etiam [et iam], conj., also, even, even now, ye t : qoiu etiam, nay

etsi [et si], conj., eveit i f;aWoiqh,

EvHd6, -vHdere, -vzsi, -viisCrus,

Bvell6, -velitire, -velli (-vulsi),

more.

thoztgh.

[ex-vado, g o ] . 3. v. n., escape.

-vulsus, [ex-vello], 3. v. a., pull out, jZZLC.4 out.

6venii5, -veniie, -v&ni, -ventGius, [ex-venio], 4. v. n., come out, tw i t out, hnppeiz.

gventus, - t k , [ex-tventus, cf. conventus and evenio], hz., res&’,

BvocStus, -a, -um, p. p. of evoco. G V O C ~ , -%re, -Zvi, -8tus, [ex-voco],

I . v. a., call out, call forth, suiitn~oii, challe?elc<ge (ad pugnam), carry awn31 (cupiditas longius), ifmite (omnes ad se spe praedae). - EvocHtus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj. and noun, vct- eratz (of soldiers who have served their time and are only called out in emergencies), veteraus (almost equal

6~016, -%re, -iivi, -%tiins, [ex- volo], I . v. n. , jy out, rush out. ex (E) [?I, adv. (in comp.) and

prep. with abl., out of (cf. ab, away f r o m ) , out. - Less exactly,frum (lit. and fig.), of (made of) : facilia ex difficillimis redegerat, had made easy imtead of mos t dzficult, as they were. Hence, after. - Also, on accozid of, iiz accordance with, 6y means of: - - Also, adove (raised from). -Also (cf. ab), in, o n : una ex parte, on one side; ex itinere, on the mzi-ch, staiting from i t ; ex vinculis, tn chains, doing something from them ; so, ex equis, oiz horseback; ex eorum corporibus ; ex ea civitate, from that nation, belonging there ; ex fuga, i i z their Jzght.-Other phrases : ex commutatione dolere, sufei . from the change; diem ex die, day after day; magna ex parte,

assup, f izte, succcss.

volzLntccrs).

exactus 59 excrucia

in a great degree, for the most pavt; quaerere ex, ask OL ask, cf. ab ; ex eo plus doloris capere (on this account, etc.); ex cratibus (of; made o f ) ; unus e filiis (one oJ; etc.); ex communi consensu, by commott consent; ex percontatione, by i7zzyuiry, from one which was macle ; ex Hispania (a man from); ex eo die quintus (from, after); ex usu, for the advantage, cf. " of use " ; ex plauitie editus (above, raised out of) ; e regione, opposite; ex litteris (in accordaizce with, from facts stated in, etc.) ; ex tertia parte aesti- mare (as a third, cf. heres ex asse), ex contrario, 072 the coiztmry. - In comp., out, complete& (cf. '' out a i d out "), 08 up, ajkr , from, zm-.

exlctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of exigo. exagitb, -%re, -%vi, -Htus, [ex-

agito, freq. of ago, drive], I. v. a,, pursue, drive, harass, persecute.

exlminltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of ex- amino.

exiiminij, I r e , -Hvi, -?itus, [ex- amin- (st. of examen, tongue of the bazance)], I. v. a., we{&.

exanimltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of ex- animo.

exanimb, -%re, -%vi, -Stus, [ex- animii-], I. v. a., deprive of breath ( Z i f . ) , kiZZ. - exanimltus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., out of breath, exhausted.

exlrdEscb, -%rdGscere, -iirsi, no p. p., [ex-ardesco, cf. ardeo, burn], 3. v. n., Maze up.-Fig., become enrqed, become excited.

exaudiij, -ire, -ivi, -itus, [ex- audio], 4. v. a., hear (from a distance), hear distinct&.

excgdb, -cEdere, -cess& -cess%us, [ex-cedo], 3. v. n., go out, leave (with ahl.), withdraw, retire. - Ab- solutely, Zeave the&ht.

excello, -ere, 4, -sus, [ex-tcello], 3. v. a. and n., raise, rise, surpass, exceZ.-excelsus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., high, ekvated.

excelsus, -a, -urn, p.p. of excello. exceptij, -Ere, -%\ii, -Htus, [ex-

capto, cf. excipio], I. v. a., catch up, take holdof:

exceptus, -a, -urn, p.p. of excipio.

excidij, -cidere, -cidi, -cisus, [ex- caedo], 3, v. a., cut out, cut 0 7

break d o w ~ (gates). excipiij, -cipere, -cEpi, -ceptus,

[ex-capio], 3. v. a,, take 0 7 take up, pick zip, receive, catch (of animals). Hence, f o l b w , come after, come izext: vada (stand, of vessels) j vim fluminis (6re.h) ; alios alii (succeed) ; hunc alii (follow, take up the cry in shouting).

excitltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of excito. excitb, -iire, -%vi, -Stus, [ex-cito, cf.

excieo, caN up], I . v. a., caZ2 0 2 4

rouse, stimziZate (ifzduce).- Also, yaise (towers), kindle (fire).

exclfidb, -clfidere, -cliisi, -clGsus, [ex-claudo], 3. v. a., shut out, cut o f l (from doing a thing), prevent.

excIiisus, -a, -um, p. p. of excludo. excbgitb, -Ere, -%vi, -Itus, [ex-

cogito], I. v. a., think out, devise. excrucStus, -a, -urn, p.p. of

excrucio. excrucib, -%re, -Hvi, -?itus, [ex-

crucio, cf. crux, cross], I. v. a., torture, torment.

excubitor 60 exitus

excubitor, -t6ris, [as if ex-tcu- bitor, cf. excubo], M., a sentinel (as lying out of the camp or tent).

excubb, -cubire, -cubui, -cubitfirus, [ex-cubo], I . v. II., lie ozitsia'e. - ISsp. of camp, stand guard, keep a ?izght-watch, watch.

exculcb, -%re, -%vi, -%tus, [excalco], I . v. a,, tread dozvn, tram.Ze down.

excurrb, -currere, a i r r i , (xu- cuiri), -cursfirus, [ex-curro], 3. v. n., izin out, nznke a sal&.- Seeexcursio.

excursib, -tinis, [ex-tcursio, cf. ex- curro], I?., a sal&, a sortie.

exciisitib, -6nis, [ex-tcausatio, cf. BXCUSO], F., a n excuse, an apolofy.

exciisb, -Bre, -Bvi, -2tus, [ex- tcauso, cf. causa, reason], I . v. a,, give as an excnsc.-Also (with change of relation), c r c z ~ s ~ , ex- cu@ate.

exemplum, -i, [ex-ternplum, EM (in emo, take) + Ius with parasitic p], N., (so?nething tahen out), a sam- ple, a copy, a precedent, a n exavipZe.

exeb, -ire, -ivi (-ii), -itus, [ex-eo], irr. v. n., go forth, go ofit, emigrate, Illarch out, YemO24?.

exeiceb, -ercSre, -ercui, -ercitus, [ex-arceo, d ~ i v e of], 2. v. a,, train, pmctise, exercise.

exercitiitib, -Snis, [exercitl- (st. of exercito) + tio], B., practice, exercise.

exercitltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of ex- arcito.

exercit6, -%e, -8vi, -%us, [exer- cit6-, cf. exerceo], I . v. a., train, pmctise. - exercititus, -a, -um, p. p. as adj., irained. - Superl., veiy well trained.

exercitus, -ths, [as if ex-arcitus, cf. exerceo], hi., (a traztmg). - Concretely, (a dody tmined or in training), an aymy (large or small, acting independently), a force.

exhaurib, -hawire, -hausi, -haus- tus, [ex-haurio], 4. v. a., drain 08 - Less exactly, carry of (earth).

exigb, -igere, -e@, -actus, [ex-ago], 3. v. a., (lead out), pass, sjend,/SnisA, comnplete: exacta hiems, the end of winter; aestas exacta erat (WRS

exigug [old case-form of exiguus], adv., scantiZy, meagJ*e& : exigue habere frumentum (have a scatity st@$& oJ: etc.).

exiguitk, -titis, [exigui- + tas], F., scantiness, nieagreness : temporis (short time, want of time) ; pellium (s7mdZ size) ; castrorum (narrowness, s ~ z ~ i l l size).

exiguus, -a, -mi, [ex-taguus (AG 4- uus), cf. exigo], adj., (exact?), narrow, scaa&, s?nall, tiielrgre.

eximius, -a, -urn, [ex-temius, EM + ius, cf. eximo, take out], adj., (taken out) , exceptional, remarhable, very AigA (opinio).

existimltib, -Snis, [ex-aestimatio, cf. existimo], F., estimate, opinion.

existimb, -%re, -Bvi, -Htus, [ex- aestimo, reckon], I . v. a. and n., estimate, believe, think, szi$$ose, hi -

agine. exitus, -tCs, [ex-itus, cf. exeo],

M., (a going out), a p a s s a p (out, concretely). Hence, an end, the lastpart: quem habere exitum (what is the 7-esztlt oJ: etc.). - Fig., a re- sad.!, a turn (of fortune), an issue.

evzded) .

expediti 61 exquir3

expediii, -ire, -ivi, -itus, [prob. texpedi- (st. of adj. ex-pes, foot- free)], 4. v. a. and n., disentan.p!e, disencumber, set free (cf. impedio). -Less exactly and fig., setin order, getready, arrange, station (of troops). -expeditus, -a, -um, p. p. as adj., unincumbered, easy (iter), not dz&- cult, p i c k , active, light-armed (of troops), in light marching order (of troops without baggage), mobile (of troops), ready.

expediti6, -6nis, [as if ex-tpedi- 4- tio, cf. expedio], F., (light-armed service ?), a gettingready, a despatch- ing. Hence, an expedition: misit in expeditionem (detached).

" expellb, peliere, -puli, -pulsus, [ex-pello], 3. v. a,, drive out.- Fig., dispel.

experior, -periri, -pertus, [ex- tperior, pass. of pario, get], 4. v. dep., (get for one's self?), experience, try: fortunam (risk, try, bear, endure).

expertus, -a, -um, p. p. of experior.

expiitus, -a, -um, p. p. of expio. expiii, -iire, -Ivi, -titus, [ex-pio],

I . v. a., ( p u ~ i f ) , expiate. -Trans- ferred to the signs of divine wrath, expiate : incommodum (wipe out, i e. make good, retrieve).

expleii, -plEre, -plEvi, -plEtus, [ex- pleo], 2. v. a.,$lZ out, j l l r@, make up (filling the required measure).

explbritor, -t6ris, [as if ex-tplo- rator, cf. exploro], M., a scout, a 9ioneer (as a means of reconnoitring, cf. speculator, a spy).

expeditus, p. p. of expedio.

expltiritus, -a, -urn, p. p. of ex-

explijrb, -iire, -Hvi, -$tus, [ex-ploro, prob. search by calling or crying], I. v. a., investignte, explore, search, examine, reconnoitre. - expltirltus, -a, -um, p. p., assured, certain: explorata victoria, being assured of victory : habere omnia explorata, Know certain&.

expbn6, -p6nere, -posui, -positus, [ex-pono], 3. v. a., place out, set out: exercitum (disembark, also draw up, array). -Fig., set forth (in speech), sfate.

export0, -%re, -Pvi, -iitus, [export~], I . v. a., carry out, carry away, export.

exposcii, -poscere, -poposci, no p. p., [ex-posco], 3. v. a., demand (with eagerness).

exprimii, -primere, -pressi, -pressus, [ex-premo], 3. v. a., press out, force out: vocem (elicit, get out of one, extort). -Also (cf. edo), raise up: tums agger (as the mound of circumvallation rose with the towers on it as it approached the city).

expiigngtiii, -6nis, [ex-pugngtio, cf. expugno], F., a storming (of a city), inking (of a city by storm).

expiignitus, -a, -um, p. p. of expugno.

expiignb, -%e, -Hvi, -%us, [expugno, jght] , I. v. a., take (by storm), capture (by storming a city or boarding a ship) : stipendiariis expugnatis, the cities of their tridu- taries sacRed.

expulsus, -a, -urn, p. p. of expello. exquirb, -quirere, -quisivi, -quisi-

ploro.

exquisitus 62 exu6

tus, [ex-quaero, see.&], 3. v. a., search out, itzgzrire, ash for.

exquisitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of ex- quiro.

exsequor, -sequi, -seciitus, [exsequor], 3. v. dep., follow out, follow 19: ius (enforce).

exser6, -serere, -serui, -sertus, [exsero], 3. v. a., (disentangle), thrzrst out, uncover.

exsertus, -a, a n , p. p. of exsero. exsist6, -sistere, -stiti, -stitfirus(?),

[ex-sisto], 3. v. n., standout, rise@, come ont : malacia (cmzu,) ; motus (break out) ; cornu (,yroze! oz~t,pro)ct).

exspectb, -ire, -$vi, -atus, [exspecto], I . v. a. and n., look oritfor, wait for , wait, wait t o see (si, whether, etc.), cx$ect, anlici@te.

exspoli6, -are, -%vi, -Htus, [ex- spolio], I . v. a., strip of.- Also, strip of (cf. despolio). - Fig., deprive, rob (oA abl.).

exstinctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of ex- stinguo.

exstingus, -stinguere, -stinxi, -stiuctus, [ex-stinguo], 3. v. a., (punch ozit, as a fire in the woods ?), extinguish (lit. and fig.), destroy, put a n end to.

exst6, -stHre, .stiti, -stZtiirus(?), [ex-sto], I. v. n., stand ou t : ex aqua (be above).

exstrictus, -a, -um, p. p. of ex- struo.

exstru6, -struere, -striixi, -striictus, [ex-struo], 3. v. a,, heap up, bzdd zip, pile up.

I exsul, -ulis, [ex- SAL (of salio), as st., with some lost connection of meaning, cf. consul], c., an exile.

exter, -tera, -terum, [ex + terus (reduced)], adj., outer, outside. - extrzmus, -a, -urn, superl.,fn&est, extreme, Zast: extremi, as noun, the rear; in extremis lingulis (at the extremity of; etc., and often in this sense) ; ad extremum, till the last, nt lost; ad extremum producta casum (to the last extremity): ab extrema parte, at the very end; in extrema spe, almost in dcsjair; in extremis suis rebus, in the last extremity; extrema fames, the last extremity of hzLlip,r.

exterre6, -terrErc, -terrui, -territus, [ex-terreo], 2 . v. a., f i - i~rh tm nzucry,

fr&htm greatly, terrify. exterritus, -a, -um, p. p. of ex-

terreo. extimEsc6, -tiinEscere, -timui, no

p. p., [ex-timesco], 3. v. a. and n., f e a r firently,fear (mxch), dread.

extorque6, -torquere, -torsi, -tor- tus, [ex-torqueo, twist], 2. v. a., wrench from, wrest from, fo l ze f Y O 1 R .

extortus, -a, -um, 13. p. of extor- queo.

ex t r l [abl. or instr. (?) of exter, cf. supra], adv. and prep. with acc., outside, ozit of.

extrlctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of ex- traho.

extraha, -trahere, -tr%xi, -tractus, [ex-traho], 3. v. a., d r a ~ out: mul- turn aestatis ( d r q out, waste).

extriid6, -triidere, -trfisi, -trfisus, [ex-trudo], 3. v. a., thrzist ozit, pzish out, sh i t out (by diltes).

ex@, -uere, -ui, -iitus, [ex- uric.

verb, cf. induo], 3. v. a., strip of: Crmis exutis, deprived of arms. --

extir6 63 facti6

Also (cf. despolio), sty+, deprive, despoil : Romanos impedimentis.

exiir6, -firere, -ussi, -fistus, [ex-

exiitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of exuo. uro], 3. v. a., burn up.

F

faber, -bri, [FA (in facio) + ber (for brus)], (M. of faber, sfidfzd), ( I

mechanzc, an e@neer (in an army). Fabius, -i, [? faba- (bean) 4- ius,

cf. Cicero], M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp. : I . Qzrintus Fabius Maximus (Allobrogicus), who conquered the Arveriii in B.C. IZI on the Khone.- 2. Gaius Fabazis, a legatus of Casar in Gaul. - 3. Lu- czus Fabius, a centurion.

facilis, -e, [ tfacb (cf. beneficus) -I- lis], adj., easy (to do, cf. habilis), convenient, withozit dajiczily, easy (generally). - facile, N. as adv., easily, conveniently, withozttdiflcziZ&.

facinus, -oris, [tfacin- (as if root of tfacino, longer form of facio) + us], N., a deed (of any kind). - Esp. (as in English), n deed (of crime), a misdeed, a crime, guilt (referring to some particular act), criininnl conduct. See admitto.

facio, facere, f k i . factus, [FAC + io], 3. v. a. and n., mafie, do, act.- Used in a great variety of senses as in Eng. : coniurationem ( fo rm) ; se- mentes (do pZanting) ; iter (march, travel, proceed) ; vim (use viozence, firce a passage, ofer resistance) ; ra- tes (buiZd) ; testudinem ( form) ; ea (perform) ; pacem (as in Eng.) ; finem orandi (pu t an end to, stop, etc., cease, etc.) ; phalangem ( form) ; fidem (give assurance, also gain be-

lie5 gain credence); gratum (do o favor) ; senatus consulturn (make, pass) ; verba (speak, act as spokes- man) ; potestatem (give an oppor- a‘nnity, permit, allow) ; satisfacere (do enough, satisfy). - Esp. with clause of result, cause (to), do (omitting in Eng. the connective that, and expressing the thing done in the in- dicative). - So in pass., be done, be caused, happen, restilt, ensue, occur, turn out, be: non sine causa fit, z t is not without reason; fit ut, the yesult is that; fieri posse, bepossible ; quid fit, what is going o n ; fit gratulatio, one is CongratuZated. - Often with two accs. (or with adj. corresponding to second acc.), make, render : vectigalia deteriora (make less, diminish). - Esp. : certiorem facere, inform. -So with pred. gen. : nihil reliqui, leave nothing undone, Zeave no $&her possibiliv ; sui commodi naves (make for his convenience). -factum, -i, N . of p. p., half noun and half participle, and to be translated by either, act, thin< done, etc. : id factum graviter tulit, took this action muck to heart ; recte factum, good conduct, (but no. tice the adverb) ; si quid opus facto, if anyt4inS was necessary to be done. -fiii, fieri, as pass. in all senses.

factiii, -6nis, [prob. tfacti + 0,

but treated as FAC + tio, cf. CQ-

factum (34 ferax

hortatio], F., a business, an employ srent.- Also, aparty, a faction.

factum, 4, see facio. factus, -a, -urn, p. p. of facio. facultis, -tiitis, [facul (for facili

cf. simul) + tas], F., ease, facility. - So, chance, powei; o$$ortztnity. quantum facultatis dari potuit, so f a r as op$ortunity was ofeyed; sui conligendi (chance to, etc.). Hence, concretely, means, Y ~ S O U ~ C ~ S , supply : navium ; facultates ad largiendum.

flgus, -i, [prob. BHAG, eat, + AS (-us), from the fruit], F., a beech, beech (of the timber).

fa116, fallere, fefelli, falsus, [? SPAAL, trz) up], 3. v. a. and n., deceive : spes aliquem (a'isa$pint) ; fallendo, by deceit. - falsus, -a, -urn, p. p., deceived. -Also (trausferred to things), false, uiz founded.

falsus, -a, -urn, p. p. of fallo. falx, falcis, [?I, F., a sickle, a

prunin&m??. - Also, a hook (of similar form for demolishing walls).

fama, -ae, [FA (in for, syeuk) + MA], I?., speech, coliiltton talk, Yep- utation. - Concretely, a YUUZOY, a story.

famEs, -is, [?I, I?., hunger, stay- vation: famem tolerare, keep from starvifw, apjease hutpfr.

familia, -ae, [famub, sei*vant (reduced), + ia], F., n collection of at- tendants, a hoztsehold. - Applied to Gaul, a rZnn, retainers.

familiiris, -e, [prob. familis- -I- ris, but treated as famili- + aris (cf. animalis)], adj., o j the household: res (estate, property). - Esp. as noun, a friend.

familiiiritls, +itis, [familiari- -I- tas], F., intimacy (with, genitive).

f i s [FA (in for, $peak) + as], indecl. N., right (in conscience, or by divine law) : non est fas (per- mitted, alzoozered ).

fastigit6 [old case-form of fasti- gatus], adv., shjiizg.

fastigltus, -a, -urn, p.p. of fastigo.

fastigium, -i, [tfastig& (unc. form akin to fastus, scoyn, cf. castigo) + ium, cf. fastigo], N., eZeua- tioiz, slo$e, descent (of a slope).

fastig6, -%re, -?ivi, -iitus, [tfastig& (cf. fastigium)], I . I-. a., h, i f?Lr to ,I

pint. -- Xsp. fastigitus, -a, -11111,

p.p. as adj., iircZincd, s/qhing: leniter (with a n eusy s lop ) .

fl tum, -i, [N. of fatus, 11.1). of for], N., (what is spoken, cf. fas), fate, lot, destiny.

fave6, favere, fzvi, fautiirus, [?I, 2. v. n. , fuvo~, fiejirvorable to.

fax, facis, [?I, F., n toorch, a j r e - brand,&e (lighted missiles).

fElicitis, -tiitis, [felic- (as if felici-) + tas], F., good fortune, good Iztch, lucky star : summa (perfect success).

fgliciter [felic- (as if felici-) + tor], adv., haj$i+, foytzmntely, hick-

fEmina, -ae, [FE, mwsc, + mina, cf. alumna], F., a woiiian, afeinale.

femur, -oris (h i s ) , [?I, N., tht thigh.

fera, see ferus. ferlx, -iicis, [reduced noun-st.

(akin to fero) + ax, as if tfers + cis (reduced)], adj .,fertile.

ily, slLcccs.fnzzy.

fer: 65 filia

fer8 [I, old case-form of st. tferci- (akin to fero)], adv., almost, about. -Also, almost always, general&, uszcal&,for the nwstpart. - With negatives, hardly.

ferij, ferre, tuli, latus (for tliitus), [DIIAR, bear, and TOL (TLA) in tollo], irr. a. aud n., bear, cnrry, endure, toleratr, stand, withstand, carry of, win.-Often in a loose sense, translated by various special words in Eng., conzmit, ofer, etc. - With reflex. or in pass., rzcsh,pass, proceed, roll (of a rivei).- With advs. indicating manner of receiv- ing anything, sufer, bear, take it, feel: acerbius ferre inopiam (snfer severe9 f rom) ; magno cum dolore ferre, be much pained or ind@nant at; moleste (graviter) ferre, be annoyed at, take hard, be ikdz@zaizt at. - Special uses : responsa (carry ciway, receive) ; auxilium (carry aid, assist); arma (bear a r i n ~ , j g h t ) ; condicionem (propose) ; signa (bear on the standards, nzarch) ; ventus ferebat (carried the ships, Uew) ; consuetudo fert (is) ; opinio fert (goes) ; ut natura moutis ferebat, according to the outline of the mozmtain.

ferrlmentum, -i, [as if fer& (st. of verb from ferrum) + mentum], N., a tool (of iron).

ferrzria, -ae, [P. of ferrarius, cf. fenum], F., an iroiz mivze.

ferreus, -a, -um, [ f ed - + eus], adj., of irun, imn (made of iron).

ferrum, -i, [?I, N., iron, sterl, sword. fertilis, -e, [tferti- + lis, (as if

FER 4- tilis)], adj.,fertjZe,fruitful.

fertilitls, -tiitis, [fertili- + tas], I?,, fertility, prodnctiveness.

ferus, -a, -urn, [FER (rzcsh) + us, cf. deer], adj., wild, fet.ociozis. - Fem. as noun, wild beast, game.

fervefaciij, -faceie, -feci, -factus, [tferve- (case-form akin to ferveo) i- facio], 3. v. a., heat, heat redhot (iacula).

fervefactus, -a, -urn, p. 11. of f ervef acio.

ferveij, fervzre, ferbui (fervi), no p. p., [noun-st. akin to febris], 2. v. II., Be hot, Be red-hot.

fibula, -ae, [PIG (iu figo, fasten) -k bula], F., a clasp, a bzcckle.

fictus, -a, -um, p. 1). of fingo. fidglis, -e, [fid& (st. of fides) +

lis], adj ., faath ful. fidss, -ei, [FID (bind) t es], F.,

a promise, a pledge: laedere (break fiizth) ; fidem facere, give asszwance ; fidem praestare, keep faith, p e y f r m one’s duty. -Also, good fazth,$del- t t y . - Transferred, conjdence, faith (in) ; fidem facere, gain credence. - ESP. of promised protection, pro- tectzon, depeizdence, alliance : ~ U O -

rum in fide erat civitas ( to whom . . . was su~ec t , under whose protection); Caesaris fidem sequi (come under, su~render one’s self io) ; in fidem se permittere (venire), place themselves zinder protection of, etc.

fidlicia, -ae, [tfidnc- (tfidu-, fazthfzd, + cus, reduced) + ia], F.,

conjdence, reliance. figiira, -ae, [tfigu- (FIG, in fingo, + us) + ra, F. of IUS], F., shape, form. filia, -ae, [F. of filius], F., a

daughter.

filius 66 for6

filius, -i, [?I, hi. , a son. iingii, fingere, finxi, fictus, [FIG,

cf. figural. 3. v. a., mould; voltum (compose). - Fig., invent, contrive. .- fictus, -a, -mi, p. p. as aclj. and noun, N. pl.,$ctions : ficta respond- eant, make up answers; sibi (con- jure up).

fini6, -ire, -ivi, (-ii), -itus, [fini-1, 4. v. a., set bounds to, limit, bound, measzrre (ending a division).

finis, -is, [?I, M., a limit, an end: finem facere, put a n end to, cease; quem ad finem, asf i zr as.-Plur., boundaries, limits, territories, country.

finitimus, -a, -urn, [fini- + timus], adj., on the borders, neighboring, ad- jacent, nezkhbors (of). - Plur. as noun, nezkhbors. -Also, finitumus.

fi6 [FU in fui], as pass. of facio, which see.

firmiter [firmb + ter], adv.,

firmitiid6, -inis, [firmb + tudo], F., soZidi&, strength (of resistance).

firmii, -zre, -zvi, -atus, [firma-], I. v. a., m a h strong, sh.en@hen, fortqy.

firmus, -a, -urn, [DIIAR, hold, + mus], adj,, stronz (for resistance), Prm, steady : minime firma, weakest.

fistaca, -ae, [?I, F., a pile-driver. Flaccus , see Valerius. flHgit6, -are, -%vi, -Btus, [as if

tflagitii-, p.p. of tflago, akin to flagro, blaze], I. v. a., ash (in heat ?), demand ewnestL) : Haeduos frumentum, grain o j the Hmdunns.

flamma, -ae, [FLAG (6~uz.e) + ma], F., jams,/ire.

f iWJl&, S t ~ 7 2 d L ) ~ ShadiL).

flectii, flectere, flexi, flexus, [?I, fle6, flere, flGvi, flctus, [?I, 2 . v. a.

and n., weep : flentes, in tears. fletus, -tiis, [fle- (st . of fleo as

root) + tus], M., wteping, lnmen- tation: magno fletu, with malty tears.

fl6, flzre, fliivi, flitus, [?I, I . v. n. and a., blow.

fl6rEns, -eatis, [pres. p. of floreo, bloom], as adj., blooming. - Fig., flourishing, prospcmus, influential (iuvenis) : florentissimis rebus, in most prosperous circztnistances.

flijs, flcris, [?I, M., a Jozuer.- Fig., theflower (of troops).

fluctus, -ti&, [FLU (G) (in fluo, cf. fluxi) + t u s ] , M., a wave.

fltmen, -inis, ,[FLU (in fluo) + men], N., a river.

fluii, fluere, flfixi, fluxus, (fluxartis, fluctcrus, fluitcrus), [FLU], 3. v. n.,

fodi6, fodere, fcdi, fossus, [?Iv 3 . v. a., dig.

foedus, a i s , [FID (in fides, cf. fidus) + us], N., a trea&, a leagwe, n compnct.

fore, for futurum esse; see sum. forem, for essem; see sum. foris [abl. plur. of ?fora], as adv.,

out of doors. -Less exactly, outsin't (of anything, as beyond the siege lines).

forma, -ae, [DHAR (in firmus) + ma], F., shape, form.

fors, fortis, [FER (in fero) + tis (reduced)], F., chance. -forte, abl. as atlv., by chance, perchance, ncci- dentully, as it happened.

3. v. a., bend, tzrt'lt.

$ow.

forte 67 €mor

forte, see fors. fortis, -e, [akin to firmus], adj.,

strong, brave, courageous : vir fortis, a man of courage.

fortiter [forti- + ter], adv., brave. ly, stoutly, undiuntedl’y : fortius factum, any deed of prowess.

fortitiidti, -inis, [forti- + tudo], F., bravery, prowess.

fortuit6 [abl. of tfortuitus, p. p. of verb in -uo, cf. fortuna], adv., by chance, accidentally, fortziztousl‘y.

fortima, -ae, [tfortu- (FER + tus, cf. fortuito) + na, F. of -nus], F.,

fremo, roar) + tus], M., a murmur, a confused noise, a roar.

f requbs , -entis, [orig. pres. p. akin to farcio, stzij’”], ad]., Lrowdcd, nziwzerozis, in great nzit~cbers.

fretus, -a, -urn, [root akin t i firmus + tus], adj., relyrngon, C O P -

j&nt in (on account of). frigidus, -a, -urn, [ ifrig& (whence

frigeo, be cold) + dus], adj., coZd. frigus, -oris, [PRIG (in frigeo,

etc.) + us], N., cold. - Plur., coM (cold ‘‘ snaps,” frosts).

fibs, frontis, [?, akin to brow], fortune, chance, fatc, Zot (one’s for- F., brow, face : a media fronte, from tune), chances (belli), success (good the middle oftheforehead. - Less ex- or bad). - Plur.,fortzines, resources, actly, front, h o w : a fronte, in front. chames (means) of success. - Esp., frGctu6sus, -a, -urn, [fructu- 4- podfortuue, success : fortunam temp- osus], adj ., fruztf2il. tare, try one’s chances. fractus, -tis, [FRU(G) + tus], M.,

fortiiniitus, -a, -urn, [p. p. of for- enjoyment. Hence, (what one en- tuno], as adj., fortunate, prosperous.

forum, -i, [akin to ffora], N., (an afen pZace), a market-place.

fossa, -ae, [P. of fossus, p. p. of fodio, dz2], F., a ditch, a trench.

fovea, -ae, [?, perh. akin to foveo, as a pit for storage], F., apitfaZL.

frlctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of frango. frang6, frangere, frEgi, frgctus,

[FRAG], 3. v. a., break (as a solid body). - Esp. of ships, wrech. - Fig., break down, crush.

frlter, -tris, [prob. FER + ter, cf,

joys), fruit, crops, income, profit, interest (from money) : victoriae (ad- vantages of victory).

friimentiirius, -a, -um, [frumentti- (reduced) f arius], adj., of grailt : loca (frzii&? i f z grain) ; res (grain supply, provisions) ; inopia (scarci@

friimentiiti6, -&lis, [frumenti- (st. of frumentor) f- tio], P., foraging, gatherihg grain, harvesting,foragi~l~~ expedition.

frtimentor, -tHri, -t%tns, [fru-

Ofg7Zi72).

pater], M., a brother. frlternus, -a, -urn, [frater + nus],

adj., of a brother, fraternad: nomen (the name of brothers).

fraus, fraudis, [?,akin to frustra], F., h s . Hence, treachery, deceit.

fremitus, -tiis, Ifremi- (st. of tus], 3. v. dep., enjoy.

ment6-1, I. v. dep., forage, gather grain, get supplies.

friimentum, -i, [ F R U (in fruor) -k mentum], N., grain (cf. fructus). - Plur., standinspain, crops.

fruor, frui, frfictus, LFRU, cf. fmr+

friistrg [abl. or instr. of st. akin to fraus, loss], adv., t o m p z ~ r ~ o s e , without <fed.

[friix], frfigis, [FRU(G) in fruor as st.], i~.,fruit. - Plur., crojs.

Fiifius (+ius), -i, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. See Cita.

fuga, -ae, [FUG + a], F., &ht: fit fuga, a rout eizszies; fugae man- dare se, tube tojight; in fugam dare, pt*t to Jzghd; fugam petere, seek safe9 by jfight, escaje; ex fuga evaserat, had escaped front. the I&- i?Zp. C V J Z W d .

fugHtus, -a, -urn, p. p. of fugo. fugi6, fugere, fiigi, fugitiirus, [FUG

(in fuga)], 3. v. a. and n., fly, Jy from, rzifz away. - Fig,, shzm, avoid.

fugitivus, -a, -um, [fugi- (st. of fugio?) + tivus], adj., rziftaway. - Pluv. as noun, runaway shves.

fugS, -%re, -8vi, -%tus, [fuga-], I . v. a., put toptkht, ?-out.

fiim6, -are, 4vi, -8tus, [fuma-1,

fiimiis, -i, [FU (DIIU) + mus, akin 1. V. Il . , SVZObe.

to dzist], M., smoRe. - Plur., snrobe (in several columns).

funda, -ae, [akin to fundo], I?., a sliizg.

funditor, -taris, [funda (as if verb- st.) + tor], &I., a sli7~~yer.

fundo, fundere, fiidi, fiisus, [FUD], 3. v. a.,pour. -Less exactly, scatter. - Esp. of battle, put to rout, rozit.

fiinebris, -e, [cf. funus], adj., o j a fzciie?*al. - N. plur. as noun, fuaeral rites.

fungor, fungi, fiinctus, [?I, 3. v. dep., perform, dischqye (alil.).

fiinis, -is, [?I, M., a rope. fiinus, -eris, [unc. root + us), N.,

(mcrder ?), death, a fzmerd. furor, -oris, [IWR (cf. furo, mge) + or], M., ~lrndmm, freazy,fury. fiirtum, -i, [N. p. p. of lost verb

akin to fur, thief], N., theft, n thcft. fiisilis, -e, [fuso- (p. 1). of fundo) + lis, cf. flexilis], adj., (capadZe of

beiizg pozrred), ntolte?z (of metals), vitr$ed, red-hot.

futiirus, see sum.

fr6strfi 68 Gallia

G Gabali, -6rum, [Celtic], M. plur.,

a Gallic peoplc, dependants of the Arverni.

Gabinius, -i, [Gabinll- (cf. Gabii) 4- ius], M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., AuLm GaBifzizis, consul with Lucius Piso in B.C. 58.

gaesum, -i, [Celtic], N., a jave- lie.

GHius (CBius, C.), -i, [?], hi. , a Roman prsznomeu.

Galba, -ae, [Celtic, meaningfat], M., a Gallic and Roinaufamlyname.

-- Esp. : I. Seruizis Siil'picizis Galba, a legatus of Cesar. - 2. A king of the Snessiones.

galea, -ae, [?, akin to galerus, leather cap], F., a helmet (of leather, worn by cavalry).

Gallia, -ae, [F. of adj. in -ius, Galla- f ius], I?., Gaul, including all the country bounded by the Po, thc Alps, the Rliine, the ocean, the Pyrenees, and the Meditcrraneau, thus occupyiug all northern Italy, France, and Belgium.

Galficus 69 Gobannitia

Gallicus, -a, -urn, [Gall& + cus], adj., of the Gauls, Gallic.

gallina, -ae, [gallo- (cock) + ina], F., a hen.

Gallus, -a, -urn, [Celtic], adj., of Gad, Gallic. - As noun, a Gaul, the Gauls.-Also, as a Roman family name. See Trebius.

Garumna, -ae, [Celtic], c., a river of S. W. Gaul, now the Garonne.

Garumni, &urn, [Celtic], M. pl., a Gallic tribe in the Pyrenees, on the head waters of the Garonne.

Gat&, -iurn, [Celtic], M. pl., a Gallic people of Aquitania.

gaudeb, gaudEre, giivisus, [tga- via&, cf. avidus], 2. v. n., be delighted, +ice.

gzvisus, -a, -urn, p. p. (neut. pass.) of gaudeo.

Geidumni, +rum, [Celtic], M. pl., a Belgian tribe, dependants of the Nervii.

Genlva, -ae, [Celtic], F., a city of the Allobroges, at the outlet of Lake Leman, now Geneva.

gener, -eri, [?I, M., a son-in-law, generltim [as if acc. of tgeae-

ratis (gene&+ tis)], adv., by trzbes. gEns, gentis, [GBN, beget, + tis (re-

duced)], F., a family, a tribe, a clan, a people.

genus, -eris, [GEN, beret, + us], N., a generation, a race, a fami@ (stoch), a nation, a tribe. - Less exactly, a R i d , a sort, a class.-Also, abstractly, Aind, character, nature, method (pugnae) : genus hominum, the Jaracier of the inhabitants.

Gergovia, -ae, [Celtic], F., a city in the lands of the Arverni.

Germlnia, -ae, [F. of adj. in -iua, cf. Gallia], F., Germany, the whole country between the Rhine, the Danube, the Vistula, and the sea.

Germlnicus, -a, -urn, [German& 4- cus], adj., OJ the Germans, German, Germanic.

Germlnus, -a, -urn, [?I, adj., Ger- man (of the country of Germany or its people. The name of thepeople is the original, but as usual is an adj.).- Plur. as noun, the Germans.

ger6, gerere, gessi, gestus, [GES, of nnc. kin], 3. v. a., carry (indicating a more lively action than fero), carry on, manage, wage (war), hold (a magictracy), do (my business). - Pass., be dovze, go 012 (of operations) : rem bene (male) (operate sztccessfzd@ or otherwise, carry on operations, succeed well or ill); negoti bene gerendi, of sztccessfkl action ; his rebus gestis, after these operations ; res gestae, exploits, operations, a campaign.

gestus, -a, -urn, p. p of gero. gladius, -i, [?I, M., a sword. gllns, glandis, [?I, F., ti nzit, aiz

acorn. -Also, a ball (for shooting). gEba (glae-), -ae, [?I, F., a clod (of

earth), a lum$. gl6ria, -ae,, [akin to inclutus,

renow?ied], F., f a m e , g l o ~ y . glbrior, -iiri, -Htus, [gloriii-1, I . v.

dep., glory in, boast of (abl.). Gnaeus (CnEius, Cn.), -i, [akin to

gnavus, active], M., a Roman prre- nomen.

Gobanniti6,4nk, [Celtic], M., one of the Arverni, uncle of Vercin- getorix.

Gorgobina 70 habeb

Gorgobida, -ae, [Celtic], F., a city in the tcrritory of the Hsdui , founded by the Boii emigrating froin Cisalpine Gaul.

Graecus, -a, -um, [Gr.], adj., of the Greeks, Greek. - A s noun, a Greek, the Greeks. Cf. Germanus for relation of noun and adj.

Grlioceli, -6rum, [I)], M. plur., a people of the Alps, near hlt. Cenis.

grandis, -e, [?I, adj., large, (?f Ereat size.

grlt ia, -ae, [gratli- (reduced) -I- ia], F., ‘( gratefulness ” (in both Eng. senses of gratejul), gratitude (that one has from others or towards others), good-wilZ, favor. -Hence, injuence, fyiendship, source of injZu- ence, ground of friendship.- Esp. : gratias agere, expyess gratitz~de, render thanks, thank ; gratias habere, fee2 gratitude, be grateful ; gratias [gratiam] referre, make a grateju2 return, pay of a n obligation, requite ; gratiam inire, secure tke gratitude of aiiy one, comiliate. - With gen., j o r the sake of, on account oJfor, t o (for the purpose of) : sui purgandi gratia, to excuse one’s selj.

grZtullti8, - h i s , [gratuls- 4 tio, cf. frumentatio], F., a congratulation (of others or one’s self), rejoicing: fit gratulatio, there is great rejoicing.

gdtulor, -5ri, -Stus, [tgratnlli-

(grati, + Ius)], I . v. dep., congratu- bte.

griitus, -a, -um, [p. p. of lost verb], adj., pleasin$, gratejd: gratum facere, do apivol:

gravis, -e, [for tgarvis, tgarus], adj., heavy. - Fig , serious, severe, hard: gravioris aetatis, of more advanced yeam; si gravius quid acciderit, if anything serious shouZd occur ; caerimonia (solemu, binding) ; ne quid gravius statueret, that he would not pass any very severe judgment.

gravitzs, -tatis, [gravi- + tas], P., wezght. - Fig., i ~ p o r t ~ r m e , power.

graviter [gravi- + ter], adv., heavily, with grcat weight, with force. - Fig., severe@, seriously : graviter ferre, take to heart, sufer f r o m ; premere (press h a d ) ; multc, gravius exarsit (more violent&).

grav6, -are, -%vi, -Itus, [gravi- (as if gravl-)], I . v. a., mahe heavy (cf. levo). - Pass. as dep., (mnRe heavy for one’s sevf), be reluctant, be utiwiZ2- ing, object.

Grudii, -6runi, [Celtic], M. phr., a Belgian people, dependants of the Nervii.

gubernltor, -t6ris, [guberni-, stter, + tor], M., apilot, a helmsman. gustii, -8re, -%vi, -%tiis, [?gust&

(st. akin to gustus, Eng. choose)], I . v. a., fusie, eat.

H

habeij, habEre, habni, habitus, circum s e ; aditum (ha71e z h itself, and so o fer ) ; castra (occzipy) ; so habere, he ; quantum in se habet (us

[I)], 2. v. a. and n., have, hold, keep, occupy, possess : sedes ; equitatum

Haeduas 71 hic

i&ere i s in, etc.) ; secum habere or apud se, have with htm, also detain; censum and the like (hold, conduct) ; contentiones (carry on) ; orationem (deliver). - Esp. with p. p. as a sort of continued perfect (whence the perf. of modern languages), have, hold, Keep : redempta habere, buy up and hold; civitates obstrictas (keep under obligation); equitatum coactum @et and keep).-Also, treat: pro amico. Hence, consider (cf. hold) : pro explorato (conszder certain). - Esp. : rationem habere, Reep an account, taab an accoiint oft have regard f o ~ , consider, regard, act in view of: satis habere, be satisfed, be content ; habere quemadmodum oppida defenderent (have any means of, etc.).

Haeduus (Aea-), -a, -um, [Celtic], adj., of #he Hadui, a powerful Gallic tribe between the Loire and the Sa6ne.-As noun, a Heduan, the Hedui.

haesitij, -.?ire, %vi, -.?itfirus, [freq. of haereo, stick, cf. dictito], I . v. n., get cagght, stich, struggle (caught in a marsh).

htimus, 4, [?I, M., a hook. harpagij, -finis, [Gr. dprdyq (Lat-

inized) + 01, M., a hook (esp. for walls, like a fire-hook), a grap$ling- iron.

Hariides,-urn, [Teutonic], M. plur., a German tribe originally from Jut- land, remaining from the great expedition of the Cimbri.

I haud [?I, adv., not (negativing single words), not at all.

Helvlticus, -a, a m , [Helvetib

(reduced) + cus], adj., Helvetian (see Helvetius).

Helvstius, -a, -um, [Celtic], adj., ofthe Nelvetii (a tribe between Lake Geneva, the Rhone, and the Rhine). Cf. Germanus for the form. - Plur. as noun, the Helvetii.

Helvii, -firurn, [Celtic], M. plur., a Gallic tribe in the Roman province.

Hercynius (Orcyn-), -a, -um, [Teu- tonic], adj. (only with silva), Her- cynian (the great forest embracing all the mountain country of Ger- many).

herEdit%, -t?itis, [hered-, heir (as if heredi-), + tas], F., ~nheritunce, an inheritance.

Hibernia, -ae, [?I, F., Ireland. hibernus, -a, -urn, [hiem- 3- emus,

cf. nocturnus], adj., of winter, winter (as adj.). - Neut. pl. (sc. castra), winter quarters, a wanter encamp- ment.

' hic [thi- (loc. of hi-c) ce], adv., here in this pZace, there (of a place just mentioned).

hic, haec, hfic, hzius, [hi- (pron. st.) 3- ce, cf. ecce, cetera], dem. pron., (pointing to something near the speaker in pZace, tzme, or interest), this, these, he, they, this man (wontan or thing). 2 Referring to things before mentioned (but with more emphasis than is) : hic pagus unus, this one canton; ex his qui arma ferre possent (of these [before enumerated], those who, etc.). - Less commonly, of what follows : his mandatis (the foll'owing, as fol. lows, these). - Esp. : haec memoria, the present generation : tempus (the

hiemi 72 hoetie

present) ; his paucis diebus, sozthiiz a f ew days. - hoc, neut. abl., used adverbially, i n this respect, on this account, by so much. - Often where a more definite word is used in Eng. : his ita respondit (to this embassy).-Often hic . . . ille, the one . . . the other, this (near by) . . . the other (farther off), this last (nearer on the page) . . . the other, the latter . . I the former.

hiema, -%re, -%vi, -Ltiirus, [hiem- (as if hiema-)], I . v. n., winter,pass the winter.

hiems (-mps), -emis, [?I, F,, winter. hinc [thim (loc. of thi) f ce],

adv., from here, hence. Hisplnia, -ae, [Hispanti- -I- ia (F.

of -ius)], F. (of adj., cf. Gallia), Spain.

Hisplnus, -a, -um, [?I, adj., Spanish.

homo, -inis, [prob. hum& (the earth) + 03, c., a hunzan being (cf. vir, a mm, as a male), a mniz (including women).

honestus, -a, -um, [honos- (orig. st. of honor) + tus], adj., esteemed, respected, worthy, honorable.

honor (-6s),-6ris, [unc. root + or], M., houor, respect: honoris causii, out of respect. - Also, hoizorable position.

honbrificus, -a, -urn, [honor (as if honori) -tficus (cf. beneficus)], adj., hlrorabZe, (giving honor).

hbra, -ae, [Gr.], F., an hour (of the day). - The Romans divided their day into twelve hours from sunrise to sunset, which were not of equal length at all times of the

year, but were always so many twelfths of the solar day.

horre6, horrere, horrui, no p. p., [HORR, (orig. HORS, bristle) + us, prob. used orig. of the sensation called ‘‘ goose pimples,” where the hair seems to stand on end], 2. v. n. and a,, Gristle (see above). Hence, shudder at, dread.

horribilis, -e, [honi- (as if st. of horreo) -t bilis], adj., t o be shud- dered at, frigrlt@, dreadfuul.

horridus, -a, -um, [thonti- (cf. horreo) f dus], adj., bristl‘ilzg, horrz- bZe, dye~dfid, jrighgtil.

hortltus, -a, -um, p. p. of hortor. hortor, -tiiri, -tiitus, [for horitor,

freq. of old thorior, urge], I . v. dep., encournge, urge oiz, urge, address. - Less exactly, of things, zrrge, move, prompt.

orig. host (Zordofeatiirg)], M., nhost. -Also, n guest, a styanger. Hence, a guest-frieiid (in the peculiar relation of hospitium, which was a kind of hereditary friendship between persons of different countries, not personal, but of a family or state), a friend (of the ltiiid above mentioned) : familiaris e t hospes, n persoml and family friend.

hospitium, -i, [hospit- f ium], N., the rel~ztiolt of host (or p e s t ) . Hence (cf. hospes), frieizdthz$ : hospitium atque amicitia, allimzce and fr iedship, family avid persoizaz frie?tdsRip ; hospitio Ariovisti utebatur, was ivfrieiid(y relations with Ariovistus.

hostis, -is, [GHAS (cf. hospes) +

hospes, -itis, [prob. GHAS-PATIS,

hoc 73 idheus

tis], c., (orig. guest), a stranger, an enemy (of the state), the enemy (collectively, either sing. or plur.).

hiic [ho- (dat. of hi-, see hTc) 4- ce], adv., hither, here (in sense of hither), to this (place, etc., cf. eo): huc accedebant, to these [ships before mentioned], were added (see accedo); accedebat huc, to this was added the fact that, etc.

hiiiusmodi, see hic and modus. hiimiinitiis, %tis, [human& 4-

tas], F., humanity (as opp. to bru-

I., for unus, etc., one. iace6, &re, -cui, -citirus, [?, cf.

iaculum], 2. v. n., Zie, Zie dead: iacentes, the slain.

iaci6, iacere, ieci, iactus, [?, cf. iaceo], 3. v. a., throw, hurl, cast: aggerem (throw up); ancoras (cast,

iact8, -%re, -Hvi, -Htus, [iacta-1, I. v. a., (freq. of iacio), toss, toss about, bandy about (of talk), discuss.

iactara, -ae, [iactu- 4- ra (P. of rus)], F., a throwing away, a Zoss, n sacrzyce (of men in war), an ofleer (of reward).

drop) .

iactus, -a, -urn, p. p. of iacio. iaculum, -i, [tiac6- (akin to iacio,

throw)], N., a javel'in. iam [acc. of pron. st.], adv., now

(of progressive time, cf. nunc, emphatic and instantaneous), by this time, at Znst, already, at length ; iam non, no Zonger ; iam ante, some time before, even before ; iam utebatur, was getting to use ; iam reverti (was

tishness), civilization, cultivation, re- jnement, courtesy.

hiimiinus, -a, -um, [st. akin to homo, man, + nus], adj., civilized, cultivated, rejned.

humilis, -e, [humti- (ground) + lis], adj., low, shallow (cf. altus, deep). - Fig., Zow, humble, poor : Ubios humiliores redegerunt (hum- bled, rendered Zess important).

humilitiis, -tiitis, [humili- 4- tas], F., lowness, shallowness. - Fig., humble position, insig.nificance.

I

at Zast, etc. ; was beginnirtg to, etc.) ; nihil iam, no longer; also with no idea of time, even, in fact.

ibi [old case-form of is (cf. tibi)], adv., there (in a place before mentioned).

Iccius, -i, [?I, M., a nobleman of the Remi.

ictus, -tis, [IC (in ico, strike)'+ tus], M., a stroke: ictus scorpionis (a shot of; etc.). -

Id., for Idus. idcircl, [id (N. ace. of is) -circo

(case-form of same st. as circa, circum)], adv., for that reason, f o r this reason, therefore.

idem, eadem, idem, [is dem, cf. dum], dem. adj. pron., the same. -Often as noun, the same thin2 (thzngs), the same : eadem quaerit, makes the same inquiries; idem castellum, this very fort.

identidem [cf. idem and tandem], adv., repeatedly, again and again.

idaneus, -a, a m , [?, akin to

xaiis 74 immGnie

idem ?], adj., $t, suitable, adapted: homo (capable) : tempestas (favorable) .

Idiis, -uum, [?, perh. alciii to aestus], F. plur., the /des (a day of the lunar month falling a t the full moon, conventionally on the I 5th of March, May, July, October, and the 13th of the other months, aiid used by the Romans to reckon dates).

ignis, -is, [?, same word as Sk. agnis, the god of j r e ] , M., $re: igni necari, t o be burned to death, - Plur., campjres.

igntibilis, -e, [in- (g) nobilis], adj., not famous, obsciire.

ignijminia, -ae, [tignomin- (in- (g)nomen, name) + ial, F., want of fame, disgrace. -Almost concretely, disyacefid dgeat.

igntir6, -%e, -%vi, -iitus, [ignarc-, ignorant], I. v. a., $zil to notice, not know, be i@iora?ztoJ - Pass., be unobserved: non ignorans, not unaware 03

ign6sc6, -n8scere, -nCvi, -n8tus, [in- (unc. which meaning) (g)nosco, know], 3. v. 11. and a., overhook, pardon.

ign6tus, -a, -urn, [in- (g)notus], adj ., unknown, stranse.

ille, -a, -ud, [old ollus, fr. pron. root + lus (?)I, dem. pron., that (of something remote, cf. hic). - Often as noun (opposed to some other emphatic word), he, she, it, t h y : hic , . . ille, this . . . that, the other, the latter . . . theformer.

illic [loc. of ille + ce, cf. hic], adv., there (more remote, opposed to hic, near by), in ihdpluce (na-

-

tioion, cottnt?ly, etc.) : illic , . . quo, in the place to which, (but with more emphasis than ibi . . . quo).

ill6 [dat. of ille, cf. eo], adv., thither, there (in sense of thither), that way.

iillyricum, -i, [?, N. of adj.], N., Zl&rirc (the country east of Venetia aiid the Adriatic, and west of Macedonia and Thiace. I t be- longed to Caesar’s province along with the two Gauls).

imbEcillitls, -tiitis, [imbecill6- (weak), 4- tas], F., wcnkitrss, fee6le- ness: animi (fccblezess of pirr.I)ose, pzt sillnnzm ity).

imber, imbris, [?I, br., a rain- s t o ~ m , a rain.

imitor, -t2ri, -tHtus, [ timiti+, p. p. of t imo (cf. imago)], I . v. dep., ivi itat!, copy.

immlnis, -e, [in-tmanus, good ?], adj., uncanny ” ?), monstroits, huges enoriiioits.

immineb, -minere, no perf., no p. p., [in-mineo], 2. v. n., overhang, project. - Fig., threaten.

immissus, p. p. of immitto. immitt6, -mittere, -misi, missus,

[in-mitto], 3. v. a., let in, let down (into), insert, throw (upon), send n~yainst.

immol6, -Hre, -Hvi, -iitus, [tim- mola- (in-mola, meal)], I . v. a., (sprinkle with the sacred meril ), sacrifice.

immortllis, -e, [in-mortalis], adj., immortaal.

immiinis, -e, [in-tmunis, cf. communis and munia], adj., free f rom tribute,

immlinitls 75 impetus

immiinitls, -t%tis, [immuni- + tas], F., freedom from public burdens.

imparltus, -a, -urn, [in-paratus], adj., unprepared, not ready.

impedimentum, -i, [impedi- + mentum], N., a hiizdrance: esse impedimento, to hinder. - Esp. in plur., baggage, a bafgafe train (including the beasts of burden), pack- horses.

impedi6, -ire, -ivi, -itus, [timped- (in-pes, foot, as if impedi-)], 4. v. a., entangle, hamper, interfere with. - Fig., hiizder, embarrass, impede : in iure (hinder in exercise of).- impeditus, -a, -urn, p. p., hampered, entanszed, occupied, d@cult (navi- gatio), impassable (loca) : esse victoribus nihil impeditum (there is no obstacle in the way oJ etc.) ; prospectus (interrupted).

impeditus, p. p. of impedio. impeP16, -pellere, -puli, -pulsus,

[in-pello], 3. v. a., drive on. - Fig., instigate, incite, impel.

impende6, -Ere, [in-pendeo, hang], 2. v. n., overhang.

impEnsus, -a, -urn, [p. p. of im- pendo, expend], adj., expensive, very h 2 h (of price).

imperiitor, -t6ris, [impera- f tor], M., cominander (in chief), general.

imperltum, -i, [N. p. p. of impero], N., an order, a commaizd: ad imperatum, at one’s command.

imperltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of impero. imperfectus, -a, -urn, [in-per-

fectus], adj., unfinished: re imper- fecta, without accomplishing one’s purpose, unsuccessful.

imperitus, -a, -urn, [in-peritus, skiZled], adj., unquainted with, ignorant, unversed in.

imperium, -i, [timperb (whence impero, cf. pario, get) + ium], N., command, supreme authoriv, control, supremacy, supreme power, power (military), ruZe, sway (both sing. and plur ). -Concrete, an order, a cotnnaand. - Esp. : novis imperiis studere (new forms of gmertzment) ; nullo certo imperio (command of aizyparticarZarperso12) ; imperi aut potestatis, miZitary or civil authority.

impera, -%re, -Kvi, %us, [tim- per& (in-tparus, cf. pario, get)], I. v. a. and n., demand (niake rep i - sition for, prob. orig. meaning), require (in same sense). Hence, order (in military sense), rule, conwnand, give orders: ill0 imperante, under Lis command.

impetr6, -iire, -Lvi, -iitus, [in- patro, bring to pass], I . v. a., accom- pZish (anything by a request), succeed in (obtaining), obtain (a request) : impetro a, prevail upon, persuade; ab iis impetrari ut, they be persuaded t o ; ea re impetrata, this being-grwzted; si non impetraret, if his request was not complied with ; impetro ut, etc., obtairt a request to, be aZlowed to, etc., succeed in having; impetrari posse, could be panted.

impetus, -t8s, [in-tpetus (cf. peto, aim at) ] , M., a rush, an attach, an onset, a charge, a n assault, violence,

f u r y : facere (inroad, charge, invasion) ; is impetus, such fztry, etc. ; impetus gladiorum exceperunt, re-

impius 76 itl

ceived the charge of the enemy wiiR drawn S W O Y ~ S .

impius, -a, -urn, [in-pius], adj., i?~~pious (offeuding divine law).

implidtus, -a, -um, p. p. of implico .

implico, -%re, -Hvi (-ui), -%tus (-itus), [in-plico, fold], I. v. a., entangle, interweave, eutwize.

implijr6, -%re, -%vi, -Stus, [in- ploro, cry out], I . v. a,, implore, leseech.

impiinii, -pGnere, -posui, -positus, [in-pono], 3. v. a., place zlporz, nrozmt (men on horses), place, impose (fig.).

importiitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of importo.

importij, -zre, -tivi, -iitus, [in- porto, carry], I. v. a,, import.

impositus, -a, -urn, p. p. of im. pono. -

imprimis [in primis], aclv., among tl,c j r s f , especial&, prirticzrlarly (more than mything else).

improbus, -a, -urn, [in-probus, good], adj., lad, wicked, wzprin- czjYed.

impriivisus, -a, -urn, [in-pro- visns], adj., ~~n~%reseetc : improviso (de irnproviso), on a szidu'en, ufz- ex$ectedZy, unawares.

impriidhs, -entis, [in-prudens, foreseeiq], adj., not expecting, itz- cautious, zrnsuspecti~zg, of one's gziard, u l ~ g t l ~ d e d , not beinz aware. '

impriidentia, -ae, [imprudent- + ia], .F., ig.aorance, want of colt- siderath, want 0 f forethoufh t.

impiibgs, -eris (-is), [in-pubes], adj., beadess, immature. Hence, chaste, unnrarried.

impiignij, -Hre, 4v iJ -iitus, [in- pugno, j g h t ] , I. v. a. and n., attach, invnde, charge, JgAt (in an offensive warfare).

impulsus, -a, -urn, p. p. of impello.

impulsus, -siis, [in-pulsus, cf. impello, drive on], hi. , impulse. - Fig. , inst&ation.

impiine [N. of impunis (in- poena, punishmeizt, weakened and decl. as adj.)], adv., wzth imp~nity .

impiinitls, -tHtis, [impuni- + tas], F., freedom from pznishiient, im- punity.

imus, -a, a m , superl. of inferus. I . in- [cf. Eng. zin-1, neg. particle,

only in composition. 2. in [?, cf. Eng. o n ; cf. also

inde], prep. a. With acc., of motion, having its terminus within or on (cf. ad, with terminus at or near), b t o , zipon, within, to, agaimt, amoig: in volgus elatum est (sp?*ead ahroad among). -Of time, for, to, till. - Fig., without actual motion, but only direction, towards, ag&st, @on: in eos exempla edere (visit z@on); in 8e voluntas (goodwiil towards). -Often where Eng. has a different conception, in, o n : abdere in silvas, Aide in the zuoods : in civitatis conlocasse (had married in, etc.) ; in utram partem fluat (in which direction, etc.) : in conspec- tum venire (in s&ht).- In adverbial expressions where no motion appears, in, according to, with, to : mirum in modum (cf. quem ad modum) ; in eam sententiam, t o this purjort; in speciem, with the appcaranse; in

inanis 77 incommodus

altitudinem, in he&& d. to the hezght of. - Esp. : in Caesarem in- cidit, happened to meet Cmar; in perpetuum, for ever; in Morinos (into the courctyy of; etc.) ; in catenas conicere, t h r m into prison; in fugam conicere, put to$?@.

6 . With abl., of rest (lit. andhg.), in, on, among, within : in tanta pro- pinquitate (under ci~cuinstawces oJ inn case o f ) : in tanto imperio P. R., when the R.jeople had such domin- ion.- Often, in the case of, in respect to : in eo, in his case, in regard to him.-Esp.: in Meldis (in the country of); in ancoris, at anchor; in eo manere, abide by, etc. ; in praesentia, f o r thepresent; in potestate, under the power; in opere esse, to be engaged in the work; in illoves- tigio temporis positum (depending on, etc.) ; in eo constare (depend z@on, etc.). --In cornp. as adv., in, zlpon, towards, and the like.

inlnis, -e, [?I, adj., enipw. - Fig., empty, vain, idle, mere, bare.

incaute [old case-form of incautus], adv., incautiously, carelessly.

incautus, -a, -urn, [in-cautus, p. p. of caveo], adj., incautious, of one’s gzmi-a!

incendium, -i, [in-tcandium, cf. incendo], N., a durning, a fire: in- cendia aedificiorum, the bzdming of buildings, each one being conceived as a separate burning, as is usual in Latin.

incend6, -cendere, -cendi, -cEnsus, [in-tcando, cf. canileo,gZow], 3. v. a., set fire to, bur+ - F i g , rouse, excite, fire,

incgnsus, -a, -um, p. p. of incendo, inceptus, -a, -urn, p. p. of incipio. incertus, -a, -urn, [in-certus], adj.,

uncertain, dubious, untrautworthy, (rumores) : itinera (obscwe, blind) ; ordinibus (in disorder).

incid6, -cidere, -cidi, -cLsiirus, [in- cado], 3. v. n., f a l l upon. -Less exactly and fig., faU in with, meet, occur, happen.

imido, -cidere, -cidi, -cisus, [in- caedo], 3. v. a., cut iitto, h a v cut down (trees).

incipi6, -cipere, -cepi, -ceptus, [in-capio, take], 3. v. a. and n., begin, undertake.

incisus, -a, -um, p. p. of incido. incitltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of incito. incit6, -Hre, -iivi, -Htus, [in-cito], I.

v. a., set in motiort (in some particular direction) (lit. and fig.), urge on, drive, impel, excite, rouse. - inc i tg tus, -a, -um, p. p., excited to anger, angered, spurred o n : incitato equo, at f u l l gallop ; incitato cursu, atful l speed. - Esp. : se aestus incitare

inctignitus, -a, -urn, [in-cognitus], adj., unknma.

incola, -colere, -colui, no p. p., [in-colo], 3. v. a. and n., inhabit, live, dwell: incolendi causa, for a permanent abode.

incolumis, -e, [?I, adj., zinharmed, unhurt, presewed, safe, safe ana‘ sound, uninjured.

incommode [old case-form of incommodus), adv., inconveniently, unfortunately, badly, ill.

incommodus, -a, -urn, [in-commo- dusJ, adj., inconvenient, unjovtunate.

(YUSh in).

- Esp., incommodum, N. as noun, disadvantage, in is fortune, . eu phe- mism for defeat, Zoss, disaster, harm.

incrEdibilis, -e, [in-credibilis], adj., incredi&Ze, marveZZms, extra- ordinary.

increpit6, -Hre, -Lvi, -iitus, [in- crepit6- (cf. increpo)], I. v. a., 19- braid, taunt, reviZe.

incumb6, -cumbere, -cubui, -cubitfirus, [in-cumbo], 3. v. n., Zie zipon. - Esp., fig., bend to, exe,i one’s sev: animo et opibus in (bcnd one’s m i r d and energies to).

incursi6, -6nis, [in-tcursio, cf. incurro, rush upon], P., an inroad, an attach, a n inva>iotz, a raid.

incwsus, -sfis, [in-cursus, cf. incurro, rzish upon], ?&, aft inroad, a n attack.

inciisij, -%e, -zvi, -%us, [in-tcauso, cf. causa, cause], I. v. a., acpbraid, rebuke, chide.

inde [tim (loc. of is, cf. interim, hinc) -de (form akin to -dem, dum, cf. indu, old form of in)], adv., froin there, thence, from the pZace (which, etc.), offer th t , then.

indicium, -i, [indic- + ium], N., information: per indicium, through aiz informer.

indic6, -dicere, -dixi, -dictus, [indica, say], 3. v. a., order, procZainz, appoint.

I. indictus, -a, -urn, p. p. of in-

2. iadictus, -a, -um, [I. in-dictus], adj., zmpZeaa’ed (causa, cf. dico), untried, unheard.

indignz [old case-form of indignus], adv., unworthily, shameful@

*

‘ dico.

(unworthily of one’s self or of the circumstances).

indignitss, -tiitis, [indigno- -I- tas], F., unworthzness, disgrace (cf. in- digne), outrage, an indignnily.

indignor, -5, -Btus, [indignz-1, I. v. clep., 6e ind&ncz;zi (deem unworthy of one’s self).

indignus, -a, -um, [in-dignus], ad j . , unworthy.

indiligens, -entis, [in-diligens], adj., neglzicnt, careZess, heedZess.

indiligenter [in-diligenter, cf. indiligens], adv., cnrezessly, negZzgcnt4.

indiligentia, -ae, [indiligent- f ia], I?., careZessiress, wnnt of care, want of energy (application).

indiicd, -dficere, &xi, ductus, [in-duco], 3. v. a., draw on. Hence, cover: scuta pellibus. -Also, Zead on. Hence, induce, instzgak, im$d.

inductus, -a, -urn, p. p. of induco. indulgentia, -ae, [indulgent- (pres.

p. of indulgeo) + ia], F., indulgence, favor, cZememy.

indulge6, -dulgEre, -dulsi, -dultus, [?, peih. st. compounded of in-dul- cis, pleasant towmds], 2. v. II., favor, &eat with indu&nce.

indud, -duere, -dui, -diitus, [?, cf. exuo], 3. v. a., put on. Hence, fig. with reflex., pierce, inzpaZe (one’s self) : so vallis; se stimulis (be pierced by).

industrii: [old case-form of in- dustrius, nctive], adv., active&, pronip+, 70ith energy.

indtitiae (indac-), -Hrum, [?I, F. plur., a t rue , an armistice.

IndiitiomLrus, -i, [Celtic], M.: a, chief of the Treveri,

inei 79 ingens

ine6, -ire, -ivi (-ii), -itus, [in-eo], irr. v. a., enter upon, go into. - Fig., adopt, make, begin, gain, secure. - Esp. : inita aestate, at the beginning of summer; inire rationem, take an

collis, the foot of the hill, ad infi- mum, at the bottom. - Neut. as noun, the bottom.

iuf&tus, -a, -urn, [in-feetus, fr. fenao, strike], adj., hostice, in hostile

account; inire consilium, f o rm a plan ; inire numerum, enumerate.

inermis, -e (-us, etc.), [in-arma], adj ., unarmed, defenceless.

iners, -ertis, [in-ars, skill], adj., shz@tless, coward@, sZagg-ish, un- man&.

infiimia, -ae, [infami- (disrepu- tabZe) ia], F., dishonor, disgrace: latrocinia nullam habent infamiam (briitg no dishonor, are not held dishonorable) ; infamia et indignitas, sha9n.e and disgrace.

infiins, -antis, [in-fans, pres. p. of for, speak], c., a child, an infant, an infant chiZd.

infectus, -a, -urn, [I. in-factus], adj., not done.-Esp.: re infecta, without success, cf. imperfectus ; re infecta discedere (without accomplishing one’s purpose).

infer6, -ferre, -tuli, -I?itus, [in-fero], irr. v. a., bring in, import,put upon : in equum (mount one on hokehack) ; bellum (make, of offensive war) ; signa (make a charge, advance); vulnera ( inj ic t ) , - Fig., cause, in- Yict, commit : periculum (create, cause) ; spem (inspire) ; causam (ad- duce, assign, aZlege).

inferus, -a, -urn, [unc. st. + rus (cf. superus)], adj., lm : inferior pars, the lower end; ab inferiore parte, down below, of a river. - Superl., infimus (imus), Zowest, the Pottom of, at the pottom: infunus

array : infestis signis, arrayed for Jght, in n charge, in order of attack.

infici6, -ficere, -fEci, -fectus, [?, in- facio], 3. v. a., (work into?), dye, stain.

infidglis, -e, [in-fidelis], adj., an- faithfuZ, wavering in faith.

infigb, -figere, -fix?, -fixus, [z. in- Ago], 3. v. a., fasten in,jx in,Jx on.

infimus, see inferus. infinitus, -a, -urn, [in-6nitus],

adj., unbounded, countless, endless, nunzberless, injniie.

infirmitiis, -t?itis, [infirm& + tas], F., feebleness, unsteadiness, incon- stancy, jc’ckleness.

infirmus, -a, -urn, [in-firmus, strong], adj., weak, feeble: animus (JeebZe courage, want of courage) ; arbores (unsound, weakened) ; in- Annior, Zess powerful; naves (unsea-

infixus, -a, -urn, p. p. of infigo. inflectb, -flectere, -flExi, -flexus,

[in-flecto], 3. v. a., bend down.- Pass., or with reflex., become bent.

innexus, -a, -urn, p. p. of inflecto. influb, -fluere, -flCixi, -fluxErus,

[in-fluo], 3. v. n., j o w into, empy into.

infodib, -fodere, - f d i , -fossus, [in-fodio], 3. v. a., dig in, bary.

infrii [instr. (?) of inferus], adv. and prep. with acc., below, farther down, less than.

inggns, entis, [in-gens, not be-

worthy).

ingrHtus 80 inopiniina

longing to i%e Kind (?)I, adj., hzge, eno~~nous, very Zarge

ingriitus, -a, -um, [in-gratus], adj ., zinpZeusity.

ingredior, -gredi, -gressus, [in- gradior, step], 3. v. dep., march i ~ f o , cnfer, ~ J W Y C ~ i f z .

inici8, -icere, - iki , -iectus, [in- i a c ~ ~ ] , 3. v. a., throw into, throw zipon. - Less exactly, $ace iit, Piit

on, embark. - Fig., insjire. iniectus, -a, -urn, p. p. of inicio.

* inimicitia, -ae, [inimicij- t: tia], F., emiity, hostilzty.

inimicus, -a, -urn, [in-amicus], adj., zdnf? zeicd@, hostiZe. - As noun, an enemy (personal, or not in war, cf. hostis, an eizetny of the state, or an efzeniy at war), a rivaZ, aiz opponent.

iniquitls, -tztis, [iniqub 4- tas], F., iiiepuality, irregzdarity, ~inevett- ness. - Fig., utzfairness, unepa l nature, ~i~tjzvora6leness.

iniquus, -a, -um, [in-aequus], adj., zi~zevcn. - Big., zrizjzlst (of persons and things), u~favorable, m- fair, disadvantageous. - Compar., iniquior locus, Zessl;r~~orabZe~osit~otz.

initium, -i, [in-titium (ita- 4- ium), cf. ineo], N., a beginning, the Prst of: initium capere, facere, begin, start ; transeundi (the initiative, the $rst steps, the first attempt to, etc.) ; initium fit ab, the start is 3rd made at (also lit.) ; fugae factum ( t h j r s t tem'ency toJy was showti) ; retinendi (the f i r s t a'etentioii) ; silvarum (the edge); Remorum (607indaiy) ; artifi- ciorum initia (tlrc,fi7,sf phci;nles, the first knowledge 06 etc.).

iniungti, -iungere, -ifinxi, -iiinctns, [in-iungo], 3. v. a., attach to. - Fig., ivzpose z$on (his . . . servitutem).

iniiiria, -ae, [in-ius (rght) t ia, cf. iniurius], F., iiljzlstzce, outrage, wrong, violence (as opposed to right), abuse.

iniiissii [in-iussu, abl. of iuseus], adv., without orders.

inl5tus (ill-), -a, -urn, p. p. of infero.

inligltus (ill-), -a, -urn, p. p. of inligti (ill-), -%-e, -%vi, -Ltus, [in- ligo, Bind], I. v. n., bird on, attach, fasten to.

inlustris (ill-), -e, [in-lustr& (or kindred st.), cf. lustro, Zight], adj.. distitzgiiished, renowned, reniarkahle, fainotcs : inlustriore loco natus, of any protninence.

innlscor, -nHsci, -nZtus, [innascor], 3. v. dep., grow ill, sprif7g zip in. - Fig., be inspired, be excited. - innltus, p. p. as adj., naturaZ, inrzafe.

innltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of innascor. innitor, -nit& -nisus (-nixus), [in-

nitor], 3. v. dep., Zean ztpon, sti$jort one's s e u on. - innixus, p. p. in present sense, Zeaning on.

innixus, -a, -urn, p. p. of innitor. innocgns, -entis, [in-nocens, p.

of noceo, i y k r e ] , aclj., harmless, guiltless, imocent.

innocentia, -ae, [innocent- + ia], F., BZa~antelessness, in fegrity.

inopia, -ae, [inop- (needy) + ia], P., scarcity, dearth, destitution, want, privation, want of siipplies.

inopinlns, -antis, [in-opinansd, adj., uasu.@ectkg, not susjecting.

inquam 81 institGtum

inquam, [?I, def. v. n., say. inridee (irr-), -rid&re, -risi, -risum,

[in-rideo, laugh], 2. v. n., ridicule, laugh at.

inridicule (irr-), [old case-form of inridiculus], adv., without hzinzoi,.

inrumpii (irr-), -rumpere, -rtipi, -ruptus, [in-rumpo], 3. v. n. and a., break in, break into, storm.

i m p t i 6 (irr-), -6nis, [in- truptio, cf. eruptio and inrumpo], F., a breaking in, an attack (on a fortified place), mid, incursion.

inscigns, -entis, [in-sciens], adj., not Knowing, unaware: insciente Caesare, without C.'s knowledge.

inscientia, -ae, [in-scient- + ia], F., ignorance, lack of acquaintance with.

inscius, -a, -uin, [in- tscius, cf. conscius and scio], adj., not knowing, unaware, ignorant.

inseciitus, -a, -um, p p. of insequor.

insequor, -sequi, -seciitus, [insequor], 3. v. dep., folZow up, pur- rue.

insera, -serere, -serui, -sertus, [in- sero, join], 3. v. a., insert, stick in.

insidiae, -Hrum, [tinsid- (cf. in- sideo, sit in ) + ial, F. plur., a n am- bush, a stratagem, a trick, a plot, a trap, treachery : per insidias, with deception, treacherous&

insidior, -Hri, -Ptus, [insidii-1, I. v. dep., lie in wait, make tremh- erous athicks.

insignis, -e, [in-sign&, mark, decl. as adj.], adj., marked, m~morable, signaZ. - insigne, N. as noun, sig- sal, s&n, decoration (of soldiers).

inaili8, &lire, -silui, -sultus, [in- salio], 4. v. a., leap upon.

insimuliitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of insimulo.

insimul6, -%re, -Pvi, -%us, [insimulo, make like], I. v. a,, charce, accuse.

insinuij, -%re, -Hvi, -Stus, [insinuo], I . v. a. and n., wind in. -With reflex., work one's way into, slip in.

insistii, -sistere, +titi, no p. p., [in-sisto], 3. v. a. and n., stand upon, set foot upon, stand, keep one's footing. - Fig., adopt (rationem pugnae), devote one's s ev (in bellum).

insolenter [insolent- (cf. 90180, be wont) + ter], adv., (in an unusual manner), insultingly, insolent@.

inspect6, &e, -2vi, -%tus, [in- specto], I. Y. a. and n., Zook upon, look on : inspectantibus nobis, before our eyes.

instiibilis, -e, [in-stabilis, cf. sto], adj., zlnstea+. - Fig., changeable, uncertaiiz.

instar [insti t ris (?, reducedy], N. indecl., (an image), in the liKeness of (with gen.), like, i n themanner of.

instigii, &e, -2vi, -Htus, [tin-stig6- (sm (foad) t us)], I. v. a., goad, stimzrlute, drive on, urge on.

instituii, -here, -tu& -tiitus, [iu- atatuo], 3. v. a., set up, set in order, array: opus (finish). - Also, provide, procure, get ready. - Also, set about, undertake, begin to practice, adopt (a plan, etc.), begin, set on foot. - So, teach, train, habituate.

institiitum, -i, [N. p. p. of insti- tuo], N., a habit, a practice, an in- stitution, a custom.

inst5 82 interdiii

instij, -st?ire, -stiti, -st?itZrus, [in- sto, stand], I . v. n., be at hand, press on. - Fig., threaten, impend, menace : tempus instantis belli, time of active, immediate war.

instriictus, -a, -urn, p. p. of instruo.

instriimentnm, -i, [instru- (cf. instruo) -k mentum], N., furniture, equipment, tools and stores (of soldiers).

instruij, -struere, -strBxi, -strib tus, [in-struo, build], 3. v. a., build, j t up , j t out, array, draw up (of troops).

insuEfactus, -a, -um, [p. p. of tin- suefacio], p. p., traijzed.

insugtus, -a, -um, [in-suetus], adj., unaccustomed, unused.

insula, -ae, [akin to in-salio ? ] , F., ( ‘tussocks ’ in a swamp) an islam’.

insuper [in-super, above], adv., on the top, above, at the top.

integer, -gra, g u m , [in-tteger (rAG, in tango, touch, + rus)], adj., untozlched, unimpaired, uiiwearied, fresh; as noun, fresh troops. - Esp., mt entered upon (of business); re integra, before anything was done, before being committed to any course of action.

integij, -tegere, -tExi, -tZctus, [in- tego], 3. v. a., cover over, face (turns coriis).

intelleg6, -legere, -Exi, -l&ctus, [inter-lego], 3. v. a,, (pick out [distinguish] between), learn, know,jnd out, discover, seeplain&, be aware.

intend6, -tendere, -tendi, -tentus. [in-tendo], 3. v. a., stretck, strain. - Esp. of the mind or eyes, 6e ident,

de absorbed: oculis intentis, witi eyes iizteat; animis intentis in ea re, with their minds absorbed in this.

intentus, -a, -urn, p. p. of intendo. inter [in + ter, cf. alter], adv.

(in comp.) and prep. with acc., between, among: arbitros inter civitatis dat (to decide between) ; inter aciem, in the &e. - Of time, within,for, -Often in a reciprocal sense: inter se, with, to, from, etc., each other, one another; cohortati inter se, encouraging each other, one another; obsides inter eos dandos curavit, caused t k n t to exchange hostages.

intercgdb, -cedere, -cess& -cessii- IUS, [inter-cedo], 3. v. II., come between, go between, Z i t Betweert, intervene, exist between, occur between, be, pass (of time) : ipsis cum Haeduis intercedere, exist between them and the €Ted&.

interceptus, -a, -urn, p. p. of in- tercipio.

intercipi6, -cipere, -cEpi, -ceptus, [inter-capio, take], 3. v. a., intercept,

interclfidij, -cliidere, -cliisi, -cliisus, [inter-claudo, shut], 3. v. a., cut 08 shut O J block (roads) : fugam (stop, cut of).

interdic6, -dicere, -dixi, -dictus, [inter-dico], 3. v. a., (intervene by an order), forbid, prohibit: Gallia Ro- manis interdici (exclude the Romam, etc., by order) ; aqua atque igni (ex- pel, by forbidding fire and water, the regular form of exile) ; interdicere ne, forbid to, order not to.

interdia [inter-diu (acc. or abl. ?

cut 0s

interdum 83 interpretor

akin to dies)], adv., in the daytime, by day.

interdurn [inter dum (orig. acc.)], adv., for a time, sometzmes.

intereii [inter ea (prob. abl.)], adv., meanwhile, in the meantime.

intereij, -ire, -ivi (a), -itfirus, [intereo e o into pieces?, cf. interficio)], irr. v. n., perish, die, be Killed.

interfectus, -a, -um, p. p. of interficio.

interficiij, -ficere, -fEci, -fectus, [inter-facio], 3. v. a., (cu t to pieces, cf. intereo), kill, put to death.

interici6, -icere, -iEci, -iectus, [iu- ter-iacio], 3. v. a., throw in (between). - Pass., lie between, intervene : spatio interiecto, interveniiz,r, i.e. Zeaving a short interval ; portubus interiectis (lying at intervaZs) ; sagittariis (thrown in a t in&-rva,n~.

interiectus, -a, -um, p. p. @,in- tericio.

interim [loc. of tinterus, cf. inter, interior], adv., meanwhile.

interior, -us, [comp. of tinterus (in-terus, cf. alter)], adj., inner, intepior. - Masc. as noun : interi- ores, men in the im’erior, meiz in the town.

interitus, -ttis, [inter-itus, cf. intereo], destruction, death.

intermissus, see iutermitto. intermitto, -mittere, -misi, -mis-

sus, [inter-mitto], 3. v. a. and n., (letgo between), leave of, discontinue, stop, interrupt, cease : neque diem neque noctem (not cease dny or nzght) ; spatiis intermissis, Zeaving intel-JnZs; brevi tempore intermisso, wazting a short time ; spatio intermisso, after

a time ; triduo intermisso (Zeavingan interval O J etc.) ; pocte intermissa, a night intervening; flumea inter- mittit (dzscontinae, leave a vacaHt place) ; subeuntes non intermiserunt (did not cease, etc.) ; intermissa pro- fectione (delaying) ; vento intermisso (ceosing,faili+zg) ; nocturnis temporibus ad laborem intermissis, ceasing their toil in the night time ; tempus ab opere, at any time cease the WOYA; diem quin, etc. (Zet a day pass without, etc.) ; intermissae trabes (separated) ; intermissis magistratibus, passed over for a year; pars oppidi intermissa a flumine (Zeft unprotected) ; planities intermissa collibus (broken by, &ing between).

interneciij, -6nis, [inter-tnecio, same root as neco, kiZl], I?., exter- minotion, annihildim (exercitus).

interpello, -Hre, -%vi, -Itus, [inter- tpello, cf. appello, -Ire], I. v. a., interrupt, ihterfere with.

interpijnij, -p6nere, -posui, -positus, [inter-pono], 3. v. a., put in between (lit. and fig.), interpose, aZZege (an excuse to break off something) : nulla suspicione belli interposita, no suspicion of war appeariizg to hinder; fidem reliquie interponere (give a promise not to do something); decretum (put in, introduce, into the affairs of the Gauls) ; nulla dubita- tioue interposita, with no hcsitaation toprevent, etc.

interpres, -pretis, [inter-tpres (akin to pretium?)], c., a mediator, a n inteiyreter.

interpretor, Z r i , -Itus, [inter- pret-], I . v. dep., iiiterpwt, exjlain.

interroggtue 84 iniitilis

interrogZtus, -a, -urn, p. p. of interrogo. .

interrogb, &e, -8vi, - % t u , [inter- I O ~ O ] , I. v. a., (ask at intervals), pestiotz, iltterrogate, ash.

interrump6, -rumpere, -riipi, -ruptus, [inter-rumpo], 3. v. a., br~vzh ox (between two points), b m z k down (bridges), destroy.

interscind6, -scindere, -scidi, 4 s - sus, [inter-scindo], 3. v. a., c z ~ t u f l (between two points), break down, tear down.

intersum, -esse, -foi, -futiirus, [inter-sum], irr. v. n., be between, be amo7tg, be i i r , be eizpgea' i 7 z : non amplius intersit, there is n7r interval' of not more thm, etc. ; proelio, divinis rebus (be eftgaged i f z , &the part in).- Esp. , impers., it is of inzporta?rce, it itzterests, it coiiccuizs ; with neg., it makes ?to dzflccreiicc.

intervlllum, -i, [inter-vallus, clis- tance between stakes in a rampart], N., &tome (between two things), distame ajart , itzteuval.

interveni6, -venire, -vEni, -veil- tfirus, [inter-venio], 4. v. n., come ktween, come z q , (at a particular juncture), arrive.

interventtis, -tfis, [inter-tventus, cf. eventus and intervenio], M., a coming (to interrupt something), interverition.

intexb, -texere, -texui, -textus, [in-texo], 3. v. a., weave ilz, weave together.

intextus, -a, -urn, p. 11. of in- texo.

intoleranter [intolerant- (not en- CE2Li.i~g) -I- ter], adv., (with no pa-

tience or restraint uzuw one's sev) , Iferc~l'y, viuZem2'y.

intra [icstr. (?) of tinterus, cf. inter aud extra], adv. and prep. with acc , iuh, withzrt, imide.

intritus, -a, -urn, [in-tritus (p. p. of tero, wear)], aclj., ZLIZWOP~Z. - Fig., wzexhazisted, ztnzwcaried.

intra, -are, -zvi, -iitus, [tinter&], I . v. a., erzter, go irt.

intrtjdac6, diicere, &xi, ductus, [intro-duco], 3. v. a., lead in, 6riqq in, march in (troops).

introeb, -ire, -ivi (ii), -itus, [introeo], irr. v. a. and n., enter, cowe ilt.

introitus, - t is , [intro-itus, cf. introeo], M., an entrance, aiz ap- flrorrch (means of entrance).

intrGmissus, -a, -urn, p. p. of intromit to.

intrbmitttj, -mittere, -misi, -mis- SLIS, [intro-rnitto], 3. v. a., let go i i t , semi in. - With reflex. or in pass., r m h iit : intromissus, rushing in.

intrbrsus [intro-vorsus (petrified nom., p. p. of verto, tZi i .~)] , adv., iitto tAe interior, imide, withzn.

intrijrumpb, -rumpere, -rGpi, - rup tiinis, [intro-rumpo], 3. v. n., break i ~ z , burst in.

intueor, -tueri, -tuitus (-tfitus), [in-tueor], 2 . v. dep., gaze z i p i t , gaze at, cast one's eyes upon.

intuli, see infero. intus [in -I- tus], adv., within. iniisitltus, -a, -um, [in-usitatus],

aclj., zifzwoizted, ztnacczrstomed: in- usitatior, Cess famil'iar.

iniitilis, -e, [in-utilis], adj., of a o use, unserviceable. - In a pregnant seuse, unfavorable.

inveni6 85 iter

invenib, -venire, -venit -ventus, [in-venio], 4. v. a.,fnd, (come upon, cf. reperio,fnd by search), learn.

inventor, -t6ris, [in- tventor, cf. invenio], M., a discoverer, an inventor.

inventus, -a, -um, p. p. of invenio.

inveterisc6, -rLscere, -rHvi, -rLtC- rus, [in-veterasco], 3. v. n., grow old

invictus, -a, -urn, [in-victus], adj., unconyuered. - Also, unconyz~erabZe~ invincible.

invides, -vidCre, -vidi, -visus, [invideo, see], 2. v. n. and a., (look askance at), envy, be jealous of; grudge.

invidia, -ae, [invidti- (envious) + ia], F., envy, odium.

invioliitus, -a, -urn, [in-violatus], adj., inviolate. - Also (cf. invictus), invioZalle, sacred.

invisus, -a, -um, p. p. of invideo. invitiitus, -a, -um, p. p. of invito. invit6, &e, -Lvi, -iitns, [?I, I . v. a.,

invite, reyuest, attract. invitus, -a, -nm, [?I, adj., unwill-

ing. - Often rendered as adv., agaimt one's wiZZ.

ipse, -a, -urn, [is-potis (?)I, intens. pron., se$ himselA etc. (as opp. to some one else, cf. sui, reflex., referring to the subject), he, etc. (emph.), Be himself, etc. : hoc ipso tempore, at this very time; ipse per se, in and of itseZf; inter se (regular reciprocal), each other, with each other, by each other, etc.

iriicundia, -ae, [iracundti- + ia], F., wrath (as a permanent quality,

in, lecome estaCZished in.

cf. ira, a temporary feeling), irasci- Mi&, anger, passion, anindosi@.

iricundus, -a, -urn, [ira + cundus], adj., of a vioZent temper, passionate, irascible.

is, ea, id, [pron. I], dem. pron., this (less emph. than hic), that (un- emph.), these, those, etc., the, a, he, she, it: quae pars ea, etc., the part which, etc.; eo deceptus quod, etc. (Cy the fact that, etc.) ; et id, andthnt too; ea quae, !he things which, what; Rhodanus influit et is transitur (and this river, etc.) ; cum ea ita sint, since this is so; is locus quo, aplace where ; neque earn plenissimam, and that not a very fidl one; manere in eo quod, etc., abide by what. - Abl. N., eo, the (old Bng. instrumental), so much, on that acconnt, therej3re : eo magis, all the more; eo gravius, so m z ~ ~ h the inore .reveye&.

iste, -a, -ud, [is-te (cf. tum, tantus, etc.)], dem. pron., that, that d yours.

ita [I f t a (instr. (?) of TA)], adv., so, in such a way, iiz this waji, this, to szuh an exteirt, as follows : ut . . . ita, as . , . so, thozgh . . . yet, 60th . . . and; ita . . . ut, in proportioir as, as ; non ita, not so very, n o t very.

Italia, a e , [tItalti- (reduced) + ia (F. of ius)], F., Italy.

itaque [ita que], adv., ana' so, accordingly, therefore.

item [I-tem (acc. ?, cf. idem)], adv., in like maimer, so aLo, in the same way (before mentioned).

iter, itineris, [st. fr. I k o ) t unc. term.], N., a road, a march, a way, a route, a course, a journey: in

-

iterum 86 iiistue

itinere, on the road; iu eo itinere, on the way; iter facere, march, trave2; iter dare, aZZow to pass; itinere prohibere,forbid to pass, keep fronz passing; maguis itineribus, by forced nzarclres; tutum iter, a safe passage.

iterum [I + terus, cf. alter], adv., a second ti7ne, again : semel atque iterum, again andngaiit.

Itius [Celtic], adj., (with portus), the port where Cresar embarked for Britain the second time; either Wissant or Boulogne.

iuba, -ae, [?I, F., the mane. iubeb, iubhe, iussi, iiissus, [prob.

ius-habeo, cf. praebeo], 2. v. a., order, conzniam’, bid.

iiidicium, -i, [iudic- (in iudex, judge) + ium], N., a judgment, (judicial), a tria2, a n ojinion (expressed officially) ; an opinion (geuerally), advice : optimum iudicium facere, e x p e s s (by some act) a very hig4 opinion ; iudicio, dy deskn ; often translated by c o w t .

iodicb, -%re, -avi, -Stus, [iudic- (in iudex, j z ~ & e ) ] , I . v. a., f o m i a l b decide, deride, judge, a++e, tlrinb, consider .’ nihil gravius de civitate (thi7Zk nothing harsh about, etc.).

iugum, -i, [IUG (in iungo) + um], N., a yoke; sub iugum mittere (an insult inflicted on a conquered army). Hence, a ridge, a crest (of a row of hills).

iiimentum, .i, [IUG- (?) -t mentum], N., a beast of Bzirdeiz, a pack- horse, n horse.

iiinctiira, -ae, [iunctu- + ra (P, of -rus)], P., njOitii72,e; ajoint: quau-

turn distabat iunctura, as f a r as the distance apart, of two things joined.

iiinctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of iungo. iungG, iungere, iiinxi, iiinctus,

[IUG], 3. v. a.,join, unite, attach together. - In pass. or with reflex., unite with, atLach one’s selfto.

iiinior, comp. of iuvenis. Iiinius, -i, [?, prob. iuveni- + ius,

but cf. Iuno], M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Decinms Izinius Brutus, see Brutus. -Also, Qziiii- tus Iziitbs, a Spaniard in Czsar’s service.

Iuppiter, Iovis, [Iovis-pater], M., the god of the visible heavens and the atmosphere, who was re- garded as the supreme divinity of the Romans.

Iiira, -ae, [Celtic], M., a chain of mountains in Gaul, running N. E. from the Rhone to the Rhine, sepa- rating the Sequani and the Helvetii.

iiir6, -%re, -8vi, &us, [iur- (st. of ius)], I . v. n., swear, take an oath.

iiis, iiiris, [YU (akin to IUG) + us], N.,jzistice, ri$t, riLrhts (collectively), r@ts over (anything), cZni/ns.

iiis iiirandum, iiiris iiirandi, [see the two words], N., an oath.

iiissii [abl. of tiussus], used as adv., by order, r?y tonzmand.

ifistitia, -Be, [iusto- + tia], r., justice (just behavior), sense of jzds- tice, fnir dealing-.

iiistus, -a, -urn, [ius + tus], adj., &st, Zawflil. -Also, conzplete, perfect, regztkau: populi Romaui ius- tissimum esse imperium, that the Romans were Jest eiztitled to do- minion.

iurenie 87 laesua

iuvenis, -e, [?I, adj., young. - As iuv6, iuviire, iiivi, iiitus, [?I, I. v. a., noun, a young mait (not over 45), a youth: iuniores, the younger soldiers. iiixtii [instr. (?) of tiuxtus, sup.

iuventiis, -tWis, [iuven- (orig. st. of tiugis (IUG -I- is)], adv. and of iuvenis) -k tus], F., youth.- prep. with acc., next, near, near Concretely, the youth, theyoungmen. by.

help, aid, assist.

K

Kal., for Kalendae and its cases. Kalendae (Cal-).-Irum, [F.plUr.of

tcalendus, p. of verb akin to calo, cafll, F. plur., the Calends (the first

day of the Roman month, when, as it would seem, the times of the moon were announced to the assembled people).

L

L., for Lucius. L (b), [a corrupt form of the

Greek letter $ (prop. x), originally used for 50, and retained in the later notation], a sign for quinquiigintii.

Laberius, -i, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. -See Durus.

LabiBnus, -i, [?, perh. labia (lips) -I- enus], M., a Roman family name. -. Esp., Titus Atit*s Labieaus, a violent partisau of Caesar, a legatus under him in Gaul, but afterwards in the civil war on the side of Pompey.

labor, -6ris, [RABH (seize) + or (for -os)], M., to& exertion (in its disagreeable aspect), labor (as pain- ful), trouble, hardship.

litbor, Ilbi, llpsus, [uric., cf. lXb6, totter], 3. v. dep., dip, slide, fail - Fig., commit an imprudence, go wrong, be disapjointed.

lab6r6, -?ire, -Ivi, -Itus, [labor-], I. v. n., toil, exert one’s self: id contendere e t laborare ne, strive and be anxious not io have, etc. ; anlmo

laborare, contube, revolve in one’s mind anxiously. -Also, sufer labor, be hard pressed, labor.

labrum, 4, [LAB (in lambo, lick, cf. labia, lips) -I- rum], N , the lip. -Less exactly, the e4ye (of a horn, of a ditch), the rim (of a cup).

lic, l a c k [?I, N., milk. lacesea, -cessere, -cessivi, -cessi-

tus, [st. akin to lacio (entice) 4- unc. term], 3. v. n., irritlzte, provoke. - Esp., attlzck, harass, assail, skirmish with : iniuriH Haeduos (wantonZy harass).

lacrima, -ae, [tdakru- + ma], F., a tear.

lacrim6, -%-e., -%vi, -Htus, [lacrima-], I. v. a. and n., weep, shed tears.

lacus, -Bs, [?I, M., a reservoir, a lake.

laedlj, laedere, laesi, laesus, [unc.], 3. v. a., wound, injure. - Fig., esp., break (one’s word, etc.), violate.

laesus, -a, -urn, p. p. of laedo.

laetitia 88 lagatus

laetitia, -ae, [laetll- + tia], F., joy, gladness (cf. laetus).

laetus, -a, -um, [unc. root (perh. akin to gZad) f tus], adj., joyful (of the inner feeling), rqhicing, glad.

languidii [old case-form of languidus], adv., with little encrgy, fee&.

languidus, -a, -um, [cf. langueo, be weary], adj., spiritless, ZistZess, languid: languidior, witk Cess spirit.

languor, -%is, [LANG (in langueo, be weary) + or], M., want of spirit, Zistlesmess, wearmess.

lapis, -idis, [ ? I , M., a stotte (to throw, etc.). - Collectively, stone, stones.

liipsus, -a, -urn, p. p. of labor. laqueus, -i, [LAC (in lacio, entice) + eus], M., a slz2-noose. largior, -iri, -itus, [larg6-, abun-

dant], 4. v. dep., give lavisk@, bestow upon, supply witk. -Also, give bribes, give presents.

largiter [largb (abundant) -I- ter], adv., lavish& : largiter posse, possess abundunt injuence.

largiti8, -anis, [largi- (st. of largior) f tio], F., lavishgiving, bribery.

lassitfid8, -dinis, [lassll- (weary) f tudo, cf. fortitudo], F., wearhess, exhazistioa.

E t 5 [old case-form of latus], aclv., wide@: latius, toofar; longe late- que,far and wide.

latebra, -ae, [lit& (in lateo) + bra], F., a Aiding-place.

late6, latere, latui, no p. p., [?I, 2. V. n., lie conmzled, hr!z, be concealed, pass unnoticed.

lZtitiid6, -dinis, [latll- 4- tudo] F., breadth, widtk.

Latobrig?, -arum, [Teutonic], hi. plur., a German tribe, neighbors of the Helvetii.

latr6, -anis, [prob. st. borrowed fr. Greek + 01, M., a mercenary (?I, a robher.

latr6cinium, -i, [latron- + cinium, cf. ratiocinor], N., freebootittg, robbery, hzghway robbery.

l l tus, -a, -urn, [prob. for tplatus, cf. Eug.Jaz'], adj., broad, wide, extensive.

latus, lateris, [prob. lat6-1, N., the side (of the body). - Also, generally, a side, afrunk, an end (of a hill).

liitus, -a, -um, [for tlatus, TLA (cf. tollo, tuli) + tus], p. p. of fero.

laud6, -Hre, -Hvi, -Ltus, [laud-], I . v. a., praise, commend.

laus, laudis, [?I, F., praise, credit, glory, merit (thing deserving praise).

lavfi, -%re (-ere), -Hvi (livi), -Stus (lautus, lijtus), [?I, I . v. a., wash. - In pass. used reflexively, bathe.

laxfi, &e, -Hvi, -8tus, [laxb, loose], I . v. a., loosen, open out, extend.

BgZiti8, -6nis, [leg% (despatch) + tio], F., (a sending or commission), an embassy, an embassy (message of ambassadors).

Egltus, -i, [prop. p. p. of 18g0, commission, despatch], M., an ambassador, envoy. -Also, a lieutenant, a Zegcrtus. To a Roman commander were assigned (legare) one or more subordinate officers capable of taking command in his absence or en-

gaging in independent operations under his general direction. These were the legati, and with the quzstor composed a kind of staff.

leg$ -6nis, [LEG (select) + io], F., (a levy) ; hence, a legion (originally the whole levy, later the unit of army organization, numbering from 3000 to 6000 men, divided into ten cohorts).

l e g i h h i u s , -a, -um, [legion- + anus], adj., of a Zegion, of the line, legionary (the Roman heavy infantry of the legion as opposed to all kinds of auxiliary troops).

Lemannus, -i, [?I, M., (with lacus either expressed or implied), the Lake of Geneva, Lake Leman.

Lemovices, -um, [Celtic], M. pl. : I . A Gallic tribe in modern Limou- sin. The name is preserved in Limoges.

linis, -e, [?I, adj., gentZe, smootA. Enitas, -tltis, [leni- + tas], F.,

gentleness, gentle current (of a river). lgniter [leni-+ ter], adv., gent&:

lenius, with Zess vigor. Lepontii, -6rum, [Celtic], M.plUr.,

a tribe of the Alps on the Italian side of St. Gothard.

lepus, -oris, [?I, M., a hare. Leuci (Levaci), -6rum, [Celtic],

M. pl., a Gallic tribe on the Moselle. Levaci, -6rum, [Celtic], M. plur.,

a tribe of Belgian Gaul, dependents of the Nervii.

levis, -e, [for tleghvis, LAGH ( jump) + us (with inserted i, cf. brevis), Eng. light], adj., light, shght, unimportant, of no weight: auditio (mere hearsay without f a n -

dation). - Also (cf. gravis), incorn stant, jckle, wanting in chavacter : quid esset levius (less dignified).

levitis, -tiitis, [levi- f tas], F., Z&htness. -Also (cf. levis), incon- stancy, jfckleness.

leva, -ire, %vi, -itus, [levi- (as if leva-)], I . v. a,, lighten. Hence, free from a burden, relieve.

Ex, Egis, [LEG (in l e g , seZect)], F., a statute, a law.

Lexovii, &urn, [Celtic], M. plur., a Gallic tribe in modern Normandy.

libenter [libent- (willing) 4- ter], adv., wilZing&, with pleasure. - With a verb, beglad to, etc.

liber, -bera, -berum, [tliba- (whence libet, it pleases) 4- rus (reduced)], adj., free (of persons and things), unrestricted, zcndis- turbed, unincumbered.

liberilitgs, -tiitis, [liberali- 4- tas], F., generosa&, iiberali&.

liberzliter [liberali- 4- ter], adv., generous&, KindZy (respondit) : ora- tione prosecutus (addressing in ge’en- erous language).

liberatus, -a, -um, p. p. of libero. libere [old case-form of liber],

adv., freely, boldb, without restraint * liberius, with too lit& restraint.

liberi, -6rum, [prob. M. plur. of liber, the free members of the household], M. plur., children.

liber6, -ire, -iivi, &us, [libera-], I . v. a., free, set free, f-elieve (from some bond) ; liberare se, secureone’s jreedom .

IibertLs, -titis, [Iiber& (reduced) -I- tas], F., Ziber& freedom, i d e - pendence.

librilis 90 longus

Iibrilis, -e, [libra- (pound) -I- ilis], adj., of a pound we*ht: fundae (heavy missiles from slings, one- pounders).

licentia, -ae, [licent- (cf. licet) + ia], F., Cawlessness, 7uant of a'isczjVine.

liceor, liceri, licitus, [prob. pass. of licet], 2. v. dep., bid (at an auction).

licet, licere, licuit (Iicitum est), [tlica-, cf. delicus, reliquus], 2. v. n., be allowed: id sibi, etc. (thatthey be a h w e d ) ; per t e licet, you aCZow, you do not hinder : licet conspicari, one can see; quibus esse licet, who may be, who have a chance to be; petere ut liceat, to ask permission.

Liger, -eris, [Celtic], M., a river of Gaul between the Haedui and the Bituriges, the Loire.

ligniiti6, -tinis, [IignZ- (cf. lignum, wood) + tio], F., gettinz wood.

ligniitor, -tijris, [ligns- (c f . lignum, wood) + tor], M., wmdforager, wood-cutter.

lilium, -i, [?I, N., a Cily. The name is applied jocosely to a peculiar kind of Jrvaux-a'e#rire.

linea, -ae, [ h & ( f lax) + ea (F. of -eus)], F., a Cine.

Lingones, -urn, [Celtic], M. plur., a Gallic tribe in the Vosges Mts.

lingua, -ae, [?I, F., tongue. Hence, iangwa,re.

lingula, -ae, [lingua- + la (P. of -ius)], F., a little tongue, a tongue of land.

linter (lunt-), -tris, [?I, F. (?), (I. trou& a ski& a boat.

linum, 4, [prob. borr. fr. Gr.], N.,Jiax.

lis, litis, [for tstlis, cf. locus and Eng.strife]. ~. ,asuitutiaw.-Also, the amount in dispute, damages.

Liscus, -i, [Celtic], M., a Hzduan, brother of Diviciacus.

Litavicus, -i, [Celtic], M., a Hae- duan chief.

littera (lit-), -ae, [I, akin to lino, smear], F., a letter (of the alphabet). - Plur., letters, writing, an alphabet, a letter (an epistle), ~ecords.

litus, -oris, [?I, N., a shore, a de11ch.

locus, -i, [for tstlocus (piace) STLA + cus], M. (sing.), N. (generally pl.), a $ace, a spot, a position, a region (esp. in plur.), a point, the ground (in military language), space, extent (of space), room. - Fig., position, rank, a point, place (light, position, character), an opportuunity, a chance : obsidum loco, as hostnges.

lociitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of loquor. long5 [old case-form of longus],

adv., far, too f a r , absent,far away, distant: non longius mille (not more than) ; longe afuturum, would befar from he&iHg; longius prodire (any distance) ; longius aberat, was rather

f a r away; longe nobilissimus (far, altogether).

longinquus, -a, -um, [case-form of longus (perh. loc.) + cus], adj., Cong (of time and space), distant, Zong-continued.

longitiiaii, -dinis, [long& + tudo], F., Zen@.

longurius, -i, [long& t urius], M., a Zoiagpole.

longus, -a, -urn, [?I, adj., Zong (of space and time) ; in longiorem

diem, to a more distant day; navis longa, a sha) of war, a war galley, (opposed to the broader naves one rariae) ; longum est exspectare, it is too long to wait, it wouZd take too long to, etc.

loquor, loqui, lociitus, [?I, 3. v. dep., speak, talk, converse.

lorica, -ae, [lorb (strap) 9- ica], F., a coat of ma2 (orig. of leather thongs). - Also, a breastwork, a rampart (on a wall).

Liiciinius, -i, [Lucanli- + ius], M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Quintus Lucanius, a centurion in Caesar’s army.

Lficius, -i, [luc- (in lux) -t ius], M., a Roman prznomen.

M M., for Marcus. M [corruption of C I 3 (orig. *)

through influence of mille], 1000. mlceria, -ae, [tmi%cer6 (whence

macer6, sdten) + ia], F., (mortar?), a wall.

miichinltiij, -6nis, [machina- $. tio], F., contrivance (mechanical). -Concretely, a contrivance, an en- &e, a derrick.

maestus, -a, -um, [p. p. of mae- reo, MIS (in miser, wretched) + tus], adj., sad, sorrow~uZ, dejcted~

Magetobriga, -ae, [Celtic]. F., a town in Gaul where Ariovistus defeated the Gauls. Position uncertain.

magis [MAG (in magnus) 4- ius (N. comparative)], adv., more, rather : eo magis, so much the more, ai2 the more. See I s 0 maxime.

Lucterius, -i, I?: perh. Celtic], M., a Gallic name, perh. borrowed from the Romans. - Esp., Lucterius Ca. durcus, a commander under Ver- cingetorix.

Lugotorix, -igis, [Celtic], M., a British prince.

liina, -ae, [LUC (in luceo, shine) 9- na], F., the moon. Also personified, Luna, the Moon. *

Lutetia, -a@, [?I, F., a city of the Parisii, on the islandof modern Paris.

liix, liicis, [LUC, shine, as st.], F., lzght, dayhght .- prima luce, orta luce, or luce, at daybreak. liixuria, -ae, [tluxurll- (luxu-

(excess) 4- rus) + ia], F., Zuxury, riotous Ziving.

magistrltus, -tiis, [magistd- (as if st. of tmagistro, cf. magister, master) + tus], M., a magistracy (office of a magistrate). - Con- cretely, a magistrate (cf. ‘‘ the powers that be ’I).

mlgnificus, -a, -urn, [magnll- .ficus (FAC (in facio) + us)], adj., splendid, grand, magnilfcent.

mlgnitiidii, -dinis, [magnb 4- tudo], F., greatness, great size, size, exteent, stature, force (venti), s e v w ip (supplici) : silvarum (immense woods) ; corporum (size, stature).

mlgnopere, see opus. dgnus, -a, -um, [MAG (increase)

+nus, cf. magis], adj.,great (in any sense, of size, quantity, or degree), large, extensive, important, seriour (motus), heavy (portoria), high (aestus), loud (vox) : magni habere, tu

mHiestiis 92 Marcomannl

vaZue h&hly, make much account of; magni interest, it is of p e a t importance. - nGior, compar. in usual sense.-Also, mlior (with or without natu), elder, older. - I n plur. as noun, elders, ancestors. - maximus, superl., largest, very large, greatest, very great, etc. : maximis itineribus, by forced marcJes. See also Maxi- mus. ’

miiiestls, -tHtis, [maios- (orig. st. of maior) + tas], F., (st@erioriQ), majesty, digni&.

mlior, see magnus. malacia, a e , [borr. fr. Greek], F.,

(soft weather), a calm. male [old case-form of malus],

adv., ill, unsziccessj%l&. - peius, compar. - pessime, superl.

maleficium, -i, [malefic& (mis- chievous) + ium], N., harm, mis- chief.

mllb, mHlle, mzlui, no p. p., [mage- (for magis) volo], irr. v. a. and n., wish more, wish rather, prefer , prefer rather.

malus, -a, -urn, [?I, adj., bad (in ail senses), ill. - pEior, compar. - pessimus, superl.

milus, -i, [Gr.], M., (apple-tree), mast, beam (upright).

manillturn, -i, [N. p. p. of mando], N., a trust (given to one), instructions (given), a message (given to some one to deliver).

mand6, -Ere, -Pvi, -Itus, [?, tman- di- (manu-do)], I . v. a., put into one’s hands, entrust, in~trztct (give ia- structions to), cortmzt : se fugae (take t o ) ; quibus mandatum est, who had been instrzlcted.

Mandubii, -6rum, [Celtic], M. plur., a tribe north of the Haedui.

Mandubracius, 4, [Celtic], M., a Briton, prince of the Trinobantes.

mane [old case-form of tmanis (?, ma + nis, cf. Matuta, goddess of dawn)], adv., in the morning.

maneb, manEre, miinsi, mHnsiirus, 2. v. n., stay, remain, stay at home (absolutely, opp. to proficiscor).- Fig., continue, stand by (in eo quod).

manipullris, -is, rmanipuli5- + ais, prop. adj.], M., comrade (of the same maniple or company).

manipulus, -i, [manu- tpulus (PLE + us)], M., (a han@d, esp. of hay, used as an ensign), a inanip(e (two centuries, a third of a cohort).

Manlius, -i, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Lzicius Man- &us, as proconsul, beaten by the Aquitani in B.C. 78.

nGnsuEfaci6, -facere, -fEci, -factus, [tmansue- (cf. mansuesco, grow tame, and calefacio) -facio], 3. v. a., tame. - Pass., mlnsuEfi6, be tamed.

mlnsuMiid6, -dinis, [tmansue- (cf. mansuefacio) + todo], F., tame- ness, gentle disposition, kindness.

manus, -as, [?I3 F., the hand: in manibus nostris, just at hand, within reach; manu defendere (by arms) j dat manus, koZd out the hunds to be bound, acknowledge one’s self con- pztered, give in. - Also (cf. manipulus), a company, a band, a troop.

Marcomanni, -6rum, [Teutonic, akin to inarch and man, “the men of the marches ”?I, M. plur., a s u p posed German tribe in the army of Ariovistus.

Nircus 93 me d i o c d s

MHrcus, 4, [the hammer, akin to marceo, be soft, and morior, die], M., a Roman prasnomen.

mare, -is, [?I, N., the sea: mare oceanum, the ocean; nostrum (i.e. the Mediterranean).

maritimus, -a, -um, [mari- + timus, cf. finitimus], adj., of the sea, sea-, maritime, naval, on the sea : aestus (in the sea) ; ora (the sea- shore). - Also, maritumus.

Marius, 4, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Gaius Marius, the opponent of Sulla and the cham- pion of the popular against the aris- tocratic party. H e conquered the Cimbri and ‘reutones (B.c. 1 0 1 ) and freed Rome from the fear of a Northern invasion.

MHrs, MBrtis, [?, perh. MAR (in morior, die) f tis, the slayer, but more probably of wolves than of men in battle], M., Mars, originally probably a god of husbandry de- fending the sheep, but afterwards identified with the Greek ‘Apqs and worshipped as the god of war. Casar again identifies him with the Celtic Hesus. - See aequus.

mas, maris, [?I, adj., male.- Noun, a maze.

matara, -ae, [Celtic], F., ajave- Zin (of a peculiar kind, used by the Gauls).

mlter, -tris, [?, prob. MA ( w e - ah) + ter], F., a mother, a matron.

miiter familils (old gen. of familia), F., a matron.

mlteria, -ae (-es, -Si), [?, prob. mater + ia (F. of -ius)], F., wood

(cut, for material), timber, (cf. lignum, woodfor fuel).

mlterior, -Zri, -Htus, [materia-], I . v. dep., get timber, bring wood.

MatiscB, -h i s , [Celtic], F., a city of the Haetlui, now Macon.

mHtrim6nium, -i, [mater- (as if matri) + monium], N. (motherhood), marriage, matrimony : in matrimonium ducere, marry.

Matrona, -ae, [Celtic], M., a river of Gaul, joining the Seine near Paris, the Marne.

mZitiir6 [old case-form of maturus], adv., early, speedily.

mltiirEsc6, -ttirEscere, -tfirui, no p. p., [mature- (cf. matureo) + sco], 3. v. n., get ripe, ripen.

mHtiirCi, -Zre, 4vi, &us, [matura-1, I . v. a. and n., hasten, make haste.

mltiirue, -a, -um, [tmatu- (MA, (in mane) + tus) t rus], adj., early. -Also (by unc. conn. of ideas), ripe, mature.

maxim5 [old case-form of maximus], adv., in tAe greatest degree, most, very, i n the highest degree, es- peciaZly : ea maxime ratione, in that way more thnn any other; maxime confidebat, had the greatest coujdence.

Maximus [sup. of magnus, as noun], M., a Roman family name. ’ medeor, -Eri, no p. p., [tmedll- (whence medicus, remedium), root unc., cf. meditor], 2. v. dep., attend (as a physician), heaZ.- Fig., remedy, relieve.

mediocrie, -cre, [medib + cris], adj., mia’a’litzg, moderate: spatium (a little, no great); non mediocris, no little, no small degree of.

mediocriter 94 Mercurius

mediocriter [mediocri- + ter], adv., moderately: non mediocriter, in no sntaZl depee.

Mediomatrici, -6rum, (-urn), [Celtic], M. plur., a Gallic tribe between the Meuse and the Rhine, about Metz.

mediterrlneus, -a, -um, [mea& terra ( l a n d ) 4- aneus], adj., h'aad.

medius, -a, -um, [MED (cf. Eng. m i d ) + ius], adj., the middle of (as noun in Eng.), mid-: in colle medio (AaCfway u)) ; locus medius utriusque ( h a y w a y 6etween) ; de media nocte, about midnght.

Meldi, -6rum, [Celtic], M. plur., a tribe of Gaul.

melior, compar. of bonus. Melodiinum, -i, [Celtic], N., a city

of the Senones, on an island in the Seine,nowMelun; see Metiosedum.

membrum, -i, [prob. formed with suffix -rum (N, of -rus)], N., a lim6, a part of the 60dy.

memini, -isse, [perf. of MAN, in mens, etc.], def. verb a., remember.

memoria, -ae, [memor + ia], F., (m r ndfzdness) , memory, recollection, power of memory : memoria tenere, remem6er: memoriam prodere, hand down the memory (of something just mentioned); memoriam deponere, cease to remember ; memoria proditum, handed down by tradition; supra hanc memoriam, beyond the memory of this generation ; dignum memoria, worthy of remembrance ; nostr5 memoril, within our memory, i n our own time.

Menapii, -6rum, [Celtic], M. plur.,

a Gallic tribe between the Meuse and the Scheldt.

mendlcium, -i, [mendac- ( f a k e ) + ium], N., falsehood, a falsehood. m h s , mentis, [MAN + t is (re-

duced)], F., (a thought ?), the inteZZed (as opposed to the moral powers, cf. animus), the mind, a state of mind: mentes animosque, minds andhenrts; oculi6 mentibusque, with eyes and thou@s.

mensis, -is, [unc. form fr. MA, measure (cf. moon, month)], M., a month.

m h i i r a , -ae, [tmensu- (MA, measure, as if man, + tu) + ra (F. of -rus)], F., measure: ex aqua men- aurae, measures by the waterdock; itinerum (accurate length).

menti8, -6nis, [as if M A N (in memini) + tio (prob. tmenti + o)], F., mention.

mercgtor, -t8ris, [tmerca- (cf. mercor, trade) -k tor], M., a trader (who carries his own wares abroad).

mercltiira, -ae, [tmercatu- + ra (F. of rus)], F., t r a j k , trade, com- mercial enterprise.

merces, -Edis, [mer@- (cf. merx, merchandise) 4- due (reduced)], F., hire, pay, wa.+vs.

Mercurius, -i, [unc. form, akin to merces, etc.], M., Mercury, the Roman god of gain, traffic, etc. Afterwards, identified with the Greek Hermes, he was considered also the god of eloquence as well as of trade, the messenger of the gods, and the god of roads, etc. He is identified by Czsar with a Celtic divinity, probably Teutates.

mereor 95 Minucius

mereor, 4ri, .itus, (also mereo, active), 2. v. dep., win, deseme,gain. - Also (from earning pay), serve : mereri de, serve the interests of.

meridiinus, -a, -um, [meridi8- + anus], adj., of midday : tempus (noon).

meridiss, -6i, [prob. medio- (reduced) -dies], M., midday, noon.- Also, the south.

meritum, -i, [N. p. p. of mereo], N., desert, service. - merit6 (abl. as adv.), deserved&: minus merito, withozrt the faul t ; magis . . . quam merito eorum, more than 6y any act of theirs; merito eius a se fieri, that he deserved that he should do it.

meritus, -a, -urn, p. p. of mereo. Meseala, -ae, [I], M., a Roman

family name. - Esp., Marcus Vu- leerius Messala, consul, B.C. 61, with Marcus Piso.

instior, metiri, mensus, [tmeti- (MA tis ?)I, 4. v. dep., measure, measure out, deal out (rations), distribute.

MetiosBdum, -i, [Celtic], N., earlier name of Melodunum.

MWius, 4, [?I, M., a Gaul in relations of hospitality (see hospes) with Ariovistus.

met6, metere, messui, messus, [?I, 3. v. a., cut, rea?, gather.

metus, -tfis, [unc. root + tus], M., fear. -Often superfluous with other words of fearing: metu territare, terrify. - Esp. : hoc metu, fear of this.

meus, -a, -um, [MA (in me) + ius], poss. adj. pron., my, mine.

mihi, see ego.

miles, -itis, [unc. et. akin to mille as root + t i s (reduced)], c., a soldier, a common soldier (as opposed to officers), a legionary soldier (heavy infantry, as opposed to other arms of the service). - Collectively, the soldiers, the soldiery.

militaris, -e, [milit- + aris], adj.. of the soldiers, military : signa (battle-standards). See res.

militia, -ae, [milit- + ia], F., nzili- tary service, service (in the army).

mille, indecl. milia, -ium, [akin to miles], adj. in sing., noun in plur., a thousand: mille passuum, a thou- sandpaces, a mile.

Minerva, a e , [unc. form akin to memioi, etc.], F., Minema, the goddess of intellectual activity, and so of skill and the arts, identified with the Greek Athene.

minime [old case-form of minimus], adv., in the smallest degree, Zeast, very little, not at all.

minimus, -a,-um, [lost st. (whence minuo) + imus (cf. infimus), superl. of parvus], adj., smallest, least.- Neut. as noun and a&., the least, least, very Zittle.

minor, -us, [lost st. (cf. minimus) + ior (compar. ending)], adj., compar. of parvus, smaller, less : dimidio minor, h a u as large.-Neut. as noun and adv., less, not much, not very, notso much, not so: quo minus, in order that . . . not; si minus, if not; minus valebat (not so strong, less, etc.); minus uti (not so well); minus magnus fluctus (less violent, smaller).

Minucius (Minut-), -I, [perh. akin

mind 96 molli6

to minus], M., a Roman gentile name. See Basilus and Rufus.

minu6, -uere, -ui, -Gtus, [tminu- (cf. minus)], 3. v. a. and n., lessen, weaken, diminish : aestus (ebb) ; vim (break the force, etc.) ; controversias (settle); desidiam (cure, correct); ostentationem (humble).

miritus, -a, -urn, p. p. of miror. miror, -iiri, -Itus, [mira-1, I . v.

dep., wojtdey, wonder at, be sur-' prised. - miritus, -a, a m , p. p. in pres. sense, surprised.

mirus, -a, -urn, [?, S M I (cf. smile) -I- rus], adj., surprising, marvellous, wonderful: mirum in modum, in a surprising manner.

miser, -era, -erum, [MIS (cf. mae- reo) -I- TUB], adj., wretched, pitiable, miserable, poor.

misericordia, -ae, [misericord- (merc;ful) + ia], F., mercy, $i@, clemency.

miseror, -X, -iitus, [tmiser&], I . v. dep., bewail, complain oJ

missus, -a, -urn, p. p. of mitto. missus, -siis, [MIT (?, root of

mitto) + tus], M., a sending : missu Caesaris, despatched 6y Cmar, under orders of Cmar.

mitissimg [old case-form of mi- tissimus], adv., superl. of mite (N. of mitis), very gently, very mildly, in very gentle terms.

mitt6, mittere, misi, missus, [?I, 3. v. a,, let go (cf. omitto), send, despatch, discharge, shoot: sub iugum mittere, send under the yoke. See iugum.

m6bilis, -e, [prob. mod- (as if st. of moveo, or a kindred st.) + bilis],

adj., easily ntovd, movable, mobiZe fickle, hasty.

mijbilitls, -tHtis, [mobili- 4- tas], F., mobiliy, artivity (of troops), in. constuncy, j5kleness.

mabiliter [mobili- -I- ter (prob. terum, reduced)], adv., easily (of motion), readily.

moderor, &-i, -iitus, [tmoder- (akin to modus, cf. genus, genero)], I . v. dep., controZ, regulde, restrain.

modestia, -ae, [modest& + ia], F., modeyation, sev-control, wbordina- tion (of soldiers).

moa6 [abl. of modus], adv., (with measure ?), on&, merely, just, even: just now, lately : paulum modo (just: a very) ; non . . , modo, not only ; aspectum modo, the mere sight.

modus, -i, [MOD (cf. moderor)+ us], M., measure, puantilv. Hence, mnnner, fashion, style, method: ad hunc modum, after this fashion; nullo mod& in no way. See eiusmodi.

moenia, -iurn, [MI (distribute?) + nis (cf. communis) (orig. shares of work done by citizens?)], N. plur., fortz&ations, walZs of a city.

mblEs, -is, [?, cf. molestus], F., a mass. - Esp., a dike, a dam.

molestg [old case-form of molestus, tuoublesome], adv., hecivily, severe@: moleste ferre, &he Rad@, be vexed at.

m6limentum, -i, [moli- (st. of molior, strive) + mentum], N., trouble, dz$culty, exertion.

molitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of molo. molli6, -ire, -ivi, -itus, [molli-1,

4. V. a., sojten. - Fig., makc easy : clivum.

mollie 97 multus

mollis, e, [?I, adj., soft, tender. - Fig., weak, feeble, not hard, no t j rm : animus ad resistendum; litus (gent& duping) .

mollities, -si (also, -a, -ae), [molli- 'f ties (cf. -tis)], F., softltess. - Fig., weakness: animi (feebleness of purpose, weakneu of character).

molb, -ere, -ui, -itus, E?], 3. v. a., grind. See cibarius.

mijmentum, -i, [movi- (as st. of moveo, move) + mentum], N. , vzeans of motion, cause of motion. - Fig., weight, importance, influence : habere (be of importance).

Mona, -ae, [Celtic], F., the Isle of Man, off the coast of Britain, but confounded with Anglesea.

moneb, -Ere, 4, -itus, [causative of MAN (in memini) or denominative fr. a kindred st.], 2. v. a,, remind, warn, advise, urge.

m6ns, montis, [MAN (in mineo, prqect) 4- tis (reduced)], M., a mountain, height.

mora, -ae, [prob. root of memor, mindful, + a], F., delay, grounds of delay.

morztus, -a, -urn, p. p. of moror.

morbus, -i, [MAR (in morior, die) + bus], M., sickness, illness. Morini, -6rum, [Celtic], M. plur.,

a tribe of the Belga on the coast of Picardy.

morior, mori (moriri), mortuus (moritiirus), [MAR (cf. mors)], 3. v. dep., die.

Moritasgus, -i, [Celtic], M., a chief of the Senones.

moror, dri, -Stus, [mora-], I . v.

dep., retard, hinder, check (the advance of), deZay, wait, stay.

mors, mortis, [MAR (cf. morior) -k tis], F., death: sibi mortem con. sciscere, commit suicide.

mortuus, -a, -urn, p. p. of morior. mbs, mcris, [?I, M., a custom, a

usage, a way (of acting).- Plur., customs, habits, character (as consisting of habits, cf. ingenium and indoles, of native qualities). Mosa, -ae, [Celtic], M., a river in

Belgic Gaul, now the Meuse, or Maas.

mbtus, -a, -urn, p. p. of moveo. mbtus, -tfis, [movi- (as st. of

moveo) + tus], M. , a movement, a disturbance, an uprising: expeditior (movement of ships) ; celer atque instabilis (changes, of the passage of events in maritime warfare) ; si- derum (revolutions).

moveb, movcre, m6vi, mMus, [f], 2. v. a., set in motion, move, stir: castra (move from a place to an- . other; also, absolutely, break camp).

mulier, -eris, [?I, F., a woman. miilia, -6nis, [mu16- 4- 01, M., a

muleteer, a driver. multitiidij, -dinis, [mult& + tu-

do], F., a great number, great numbers, number (generally). - Esp., the multitude, the common people.

mult6, see multus. multb, -%re, -Hvi, -%us, [multa-,

fine], I . v. a., punish (by fine), deprive (one of a thing as a punishment).

multum, see multus. multus, -a, -um, [?, poss. root of

mille, miles, f tus], adj., much,

mIIlus 98 nanctua

many: multo die, late in the day; ad multam noctem, till late a t night. - multum, neut. as noun and adv., much. - Also, plur., multa, many things, much, a great deal. -AM., multo, much,far : multofacilius. - As compar., pliis, pltiris, N. noun and adv. ; plur. as adj., more, much, very: as noun, several, many.- As superl., pliirimus, -a, -um, most, very many, very much: quam plu- h i , as many as possible ; quam plu- rhos possunt, the most they can; plurimum posse, have most power, be very strong or injuential; plurimum valere, have very great weight.

miilus, -i, [?, perh. akin to molo, gr ind] , M. (the mill-beast), a mule.

Miinattius, 4, [prob. akin to munus], M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Lucius Munatius Plancus, a legatus in Caesar’s army.

mundus, -i, [?I, M. (orig. adj., well ordered, a translation of Gr. U~U~OE), the universe, the world.

mimimenturn, -i, [muni- + mentum], N., a fortzjfcation. - Plur., u defence.

miini6, -ire, -ivi (-ii), -itus, [muni- (st. of moenia)], 4. v. a. and n.,

fortyy. -Less exactly, protect, defend, fururttish (by way of protection), make (by embankment), construct: castra ; iter. - munitissima castra (very strongly fortified).

miinitib, -h i s , [muni- + tio], F., for@ication (abstractly). - Con- cretely, a fortification, works, forti- fica#ions, defences : munitio operis, building works of defeme; munitio- nis causa, t o build works, etc.

miinitus, -a, -um, p. p. of munio. miinus, -eris, [min (as if root of

moenia) + us, orig. share (cf. moenia)], N., a duQ, a service, a task : munus militiae, military service. - Also, (a contribution), a tribute, a giJ’t, a present.

miirllis, -e, [mur6- + alis], adj., of a waZl, wall-: pila (heavy jave- lins for service in siege operations).

miirus, -i, [?I, M., a wall (in itself considered, cf. moenia, defences).

miisculus, -i, Emus + culus, dimin.], M., (little mouse), a shed (small and very strong, for covering besieging soldiers).

mutilus, -a, -urn, [?I, adj., mutilated: cornibus (with short broken horns, of the elk).

N

nactus, -a, -urn, p. p. of nanciscor.

nam [old case-form, cf. tam, quam], conj.,for.

NammBius, 4, [Celtic], M., a Helvetian sent as ambassador to Caesar.

Namnetes, -urn, [Celtic], M. pl.,

a Gallic tribe on the Loire around Nantes.

namque [nam-que], conj., f o r (a little more emphatic than nam).

nanciscor, -cisci, nactus (nanctus), [NAC], 3. v. dep , f ;nd, get, procure, light upon, get hold of; obtain.

nanctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of nanciscor.

BantuHtes 99 neceseHrius

Nantultes, -urn, [Celtic], M. pl., a tribe of Gaul of uncdrtain position, probably in Savoy.

Narb6, .Cinis, [Celtic], M., a city of the Roman province of Gaul, early made a Roman colony, now Narbonne.

nfscor, nHsci, n%tus, [GNA, cf. gigno], 3. v. dep., be born, arise, be produced, spring up, be raised (of beasts), be found (plumbum). - nl- tus, p. p., sprungi born.

Nasua, -ae, [?, Germanic], M., a leader of the Suevi.

nltflis, -e, [natu- (reduced) + alis], adj., of birth: dies natalis, a birthday.

nlti8, -6nis, [ G N A (cf. nascor) + tio, perh. through intermediate st.], F., (a birth), a race, a nation, a tribe, a clan.

nltivns, -a, -um, [natu- (reduced) + ivus], adj., native, natural. nltiira, -ae, [natu- + ra (F. of

-IUS)], F., (ai&), nature, character (of living creature), character, nature (of inanimate things) ; ea rerum natura, szcch the state of the case; aecundum naturam fluminis, down stream ; natura triquetra (inform) ; natura cogebat, must necessarily ; de rerum natura (physical science) ; eadem feminae marisque ( form, organization); nhturam vincere (human nature); natura loci, natwe of the ground.

nitus, -a -um, p. p. of nascor. natus, -tfis, [GNA (cf. nascor) +

tus], M., birth : maiores natu, elders. nauta, -ae, [borrowed from GI.

vahqs], M., a sailor, a boatntav,

muticus, -a, -urn, [nauta- + CUS], adj., @ a sailor (or sailors), naval.

nlvllis, -e, [navi- (reduced) + alis], adj., of shz& naval: navalis pugna, sea-&ght.

nlvicula, -ae, [navi- + cula], F., a boat, a small vessel, a ski$?

nfvigiiti8, - h i s , [navigb + tio], F., a sailinf, a voyage, travelling by sea, a trip (by sea).

nfvigium, -i, [tnavig& (?, navi + tagus) + ium], N., a vessel (general), “ a craft,” a boat.

nlvig6, -itre, -hi, -iitus, [tnavigb (see navigium)], I. v. n., sail.

navis, -is, [(S)NU,flOat (increased), with added i], F., aship, a vessel, a doat: oneraria (a transport) ; longa (a war galley) ; navi egredi, land.

nfv6, -%re, -%vi, I tus , [(g)nav&, busy], I. v. a., do one’s best: operam (do one’s best).

ni$ [ N A , unc. case-form], conj., lest, t ha t . . . not, not to (do anything), f rom (doing anything), so that . . . not,forfear that.-After verbs of fearing, that.- Also adv., ne . . . quidem, not . , . men, not . . . either; ne Vorenus quidem, nor Vorenus either; Yoyenus, too, did not, etc.

-ne (enclitic) [prob. same as nE, orig.=nonne], conj., not? (as a question, cf. nonne), whether, did (as question in Eng.), do, etc.- See also necne, nec.

nec, see neque. necesslrius, -a, -um, [tnecess8-

(reduced) + ariue], adj., (closely bound?), necessary : tempus (criti- car) j causa (pressing, unavoidable)

necesse IO0 neuter

res (absoZute& necessary, needful, indispensable). - Also, as noun, a connection (a person bound by any tie), a kinsman, a close friend. - Abl. as adv., necessari6, @.necessity, necessarily, unavoidabr'y.

necesse [?, ne-cess&, cf. cedo], indecl. aclj., necessary. - With est, one must, one cannot but, one must inevitably.

necessitiis, -tiitis, [+necess& + tas], F., necessity, constraint, coin- pulsion : temporis (exigency) ; sua- rum necessitatum causa (interests).

necessitbd6, -dinis, [tnecess& + tudo], F., close connection (cf. neces- sarius), intimacy, close relations.

necne [nec ne], conj., or no t (in double questious).

necii, -Hre, -Hvi (-ui), -Itus (-tu), [nec (st. of nex, death)], I . v. a.,put to death, hill, murder (in cold blood).

nEcubi [ne cubi (?, for quobi, - see ubi)], conj., that nuwhere, lest

anywhere, that not. . . anywhere. neflrius, -a, -um, [nefas + ius],

adj., wicked, infamous, abominabk. nefiis, [ne-fas], N. indecl., a crime

(against divine law) : nefas est, it is not allmabZe.

neglegii (necl-), -legere, Gxi , -1%- tus, [nec (=ne) -]ego], 3. v. a., not regard, disregard, neflect : iniurias (leave unavenged, leave tinptmished) ; hac parte neglecta (leave unnoticed) ; metu mortis neglect0 (careless oJ etc.).

negii, -Ere, -Hvi, -Htus, [?, poss. ne-aio], I . v. a. and n., say no, say . I . not, Fefuse.

negiitior, -Zri, -Itus, [negoti&], I . v. dep.? do business (on a large scale, as in money, etc.).

negiitium, -i, [nec-otium, ease], N., business, occuFation, an under- taking. - Less definitely, a matter, a thing. -Also, da$cailty, trouble : in ipso negotio, at the moment of action ; negotium conficere, make a thorough btisiitess o f a thing, &is4 a thing up; quid negoti, whnt business ? cf. Eng. '' what business have you here ? " ; dare negotium alicui, etnploy one,give in charge to.

Nemetes, -urn, [Teutonic], M. pl., a German tribe on the Rhine.

n6m6, tneminis, [ne-homo, man], e., no one, nobody: non nemo, many a one.

ngqulquam [ne-quaquam, anyway (cf. e l , qua)], adv., rn no way, by no means.

neque (nec) [ne-que], adv., and not, andye t . . . not, nor: neque I . . neque, neither. . a nor.

ngqui(d)quam (ngquic-), [ne. . qui(d)quam, nnything], adv., to no purpose, $72 vain, not without reason.

Nervicus, -a, -urn, [Nervi& (reduced) + CUS], adj., of the N e r d , Nervian .

Nervius, -a, -urn, [Celtic], adj., Nervian. - M. plur., the Nervii, a powerful tribe of Bel& Gaul.

nervus, -i, [prob. for tnevrus], M., a sinew.- Fig., in plur., strenyth, vigor.

neu, see neve. neuter, -tra, -trum, [ne-uter, 7vhicir

(of two)], adj. pron., neithei ~- Plur., neither parv, neither szdc.

neve IO1 nBsc5

neve (neu) [ne-vel, conj., or not,

nex, neck, [?I, F., death, vio2ent

nihil, see nihilum. nihilum, -i (nihil), [ne-hilum,

t l i f e , whit ? I , N. (also indecl.), nothing: nihil reliqui, nothing l e f ; nihil respondere, make no answer.- nihilb, abl, as adv., none, no. -nihil, acc. as adv., not at aZZ: non nihil, somewhat.

nimius, -a, -um, [nimi- (?, st. of nimis, too much) + ius], adj., too much, too great.

nisi [ne-si], conj., (not . . . if), unless, except, except in case: nisi cum, until; nisi rogatus, without being asked.

and not, nor.

death, execution.

nisus, -a, -urn, p. p. of nitor. Nitiobriges (-broges), -urn,

[Celtic], M. plur., a tribe of Aqui- tania, on the Garonne.

nitor, nisus (nixus), niti, [prob. genu, knee], 3. v. dep., (strain with the knee against something), struggle, strive, exert one’s self: niti insidiis (re& upon). nix, nivis, [?I, F., snow. nijbilis, -e, [as if (g)no (root of

nosco, kmw) 4- bilis], adj., famous, nobZe, well-Born (cf. notable ”). - Plur. as noun, the nohles.

nbbilitiis, -tatis, [nobili- + tas], F., nobili9. - Concretely, the no- biZity, the nobZes.

nocEns, see noceo. noceij, nodre, -ui, no p. p., [akin

to nex, death], 2. v. n., do harm to, injure, harm, harass. - nocEns, -entis, p. as adj., hurtfiul, gui le (of some harm).

noctii [abl. of tnoctus (noc- t tus)], as ady, By nzght.

nocturnus, -a, -urn, [noc- + turnus, cf. diuturnus], adj., of the night, nighti), nocturnal, in the night, by night: tempus (nkht-time).

nijdus, -i, [?I, M., a knot, a joint : nodi e t articuli, protuberant joints.

nblb, nclle, n6lui, [ne-volo], irr. v. a. and n., not wish, be unwilling, wish not, not like to have: noli, no- lite, do not (with infin.).

nomen, -minis, [(G)NO (root of noscp, know) + men], N., a name (what one is known by), name (fame, prestige). - As a name represents an account, an account: nomine dotis (on accountof, as) ; suo nomine, on his own account; nomine obsidum, under pretence of hostages.

nbminiitim [acc. of real or supposed tnominatis (nomina- + xis)], adv., by name (individually).

nbminb, -Hre, -%vi, -Itus, [nomin-1, I. v. a., name, mention, tal2 by name.

non [ne-oenum (unum)], adv., not: non est dubium, there is no doubt; non mediocriter, in no small degree.

nbnlgintl, indecl., num., ninety. nbndum (see dum), notyet. nomallus (see nullus), some. nonnumquam (see numquam),

noms, -a, -urn, [tnovi-(?) + nus NijrEia, -ae, [Teutonic], F., a city

Nbricus, -a, -urn, [st. akin to C U ~ ] , adj., of the Norici,

sometimes.

(mus)], num. adj., ninth.

of the Norici, in modern Styria.

Noreia Norican.

nos, nbsmet, see ego, egomet.

no8 I02 nitnti6

nZlsc6, nijscere, nijvi, nijtus, [(G)NA, know], 3. v. a,, learn, become acquainted with. - In perf. tenses, know. -n6tusJ -a, -um, p. p. as adj., known, familiar, well-kizown : notis vadis (being acquainted with, etc.).

noster, -tra, -trum, [prob. nos (nom. plur.) -I- ter], poss. adj. pron., our, ours.- In plur., our men (the Romans), our forces.

nMitia, -ae, [not& + tia], F., acquaintance with, knWledg8.

n6tus, p. p. of nosco. novem [unc. reduced case-form],

indecl. num. adj., nine. Noviodiinum, -i, [Celtic], N. :

I. A town of the Bituriges, on the Loire. - 2. A town of the Hmdui.- 3. A town of the Suessiones.

novitls, -t%tis, [nov& + tas], F., novelty, strarigeness, strange character : rei (novelty, unexpected occurrence).

novus, -a, -urn, [?, cf. Eng. new], adj., new, novel, f>esh: res novae, a change of governmetit, revolution. - novissimus, -a, -um, superl.,latest, last: agmen (the rear). nox, noctis, [akin to noceo, harm],

F., night: prima nocte, in the ear@ part of the nighf; multa nocte, late a t night.

noxia, -ae, [NOC (in noceo, harm) + unc. term.], F., crime, guilt. niibij, niibere, niipsi, niiptus, [akin

to nubes, cloud], 3. v. n., veil orte’s serf (of the bride), marry (of the woman).

niidiitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of nudo. niidb, -%re, Zvi, -?itus, [nuda-],

I. v. a,, lay bare, expose, strip. -

Less exactly, clew (murum defenso- ribus).

niidus, -a, -urn, [?, root (akin to naked) + dus], adj., naked, bare, unprotected, exposed.

niillus, -a, -urn, [ne-ullus], adj., not any, no. - As noun, no one. - n6n niillus, some. - Plur. as noun, some, some persons.

num [pron. N A , cf. tum], adv., interrog. particle, suggesting a neg. answer, does, is, etc., it i s not, is it? and the like: num posse (in indi- rect discourse, could he, etc.).

niimen, -inis, [NU (in nuo, irod) f men], N., (a nod), will, power. Hence, diviitity.

numerus, -i, [tnumo- (cf. nummus, Numa) -k IUS], M., a number, number: in hostium numero habuit (in the place of, etc., euphemism for slaughtered) ; totidem numero, the same number; impedimentorum (quantity, Le. number of pack- horses); ad numerum, lo the 7e- guired tzumber; aliquo numero, of some account.

Numida, -Be, [?I, M., a Numidian (employed in the Roman army as cavalry, cf. Zouave, Turco).

nummus, 4, [akin to numerus], M., a coin : pro nummo, for coin.

numquam (nun-) [ne-umquam], adv., never.

nunc [num-ce, cf. hic], adv., n m (emphatic, as an instantaneous now, cf. iam, unemphatic and continuous) : etiam nunc, eveiz then (of the past considered as present).

niintifitus, -a, -um, p. p. of nuntio. niinti6, -Ere, -%vi, -%tus, [nuntiti-],

nltntius 103 obsessi6

I. v. a,, semi wws, report, makt known: nuntiatum est ei . . . ne (he was ordered not to, etc.).

niintius, -i, [tnovent- (p. of tnoveo, be new) + ius], M., (new- comer), a messenger. Hence, news : * nuntium mittere (send word) ; per eorum nuntios (agents).

0

ob [unc. case-form], adv. (in comp.), and prep. with acc. (near), against, Hence, OH account Of, for: ob eam rem,for this reason, on this account.- I n comp., towards, to, against, over.

obaeriitus, -a, -urn, [ob-taera- tus, as if p. p. of taero, cf. aes, money], adj., bound in debt (to some one). -As noun, a deltor, a servant for debt.

obdiic6, -diicere, -diixi, -ductus, [ob-duco], 3. v. a., lead towards, lead against: fossam (throw out, in a military sense, carry along).

obeb, -ire, -ii, -itus, [ob-eo], irr. v. a., go to, go about, attend to.

obici6, -icere, -iEci, -iectus, [ob- iacio], 3. v. a., throw against, throw in the way,present, throw up (against the enemy, etc.), set up, expose. -obiectus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., Zyying opposite, b ing in the way.

obitus, -tiis, [ob-itus, cf. obeo], M., a going to. -ESP., a going to death (cf. obire mortem), destruch'on, annihilation.

obiectus, -a, -um, p. p. of obicio. ObEtus, -a, -urn, p. p. of offero.

niiper [for novi-per, cf. p a m p e r ] , adv., late&, recent&, not long ago.

nihquam [ne-usquam], adv., no- where, i n no case (almost equal never).

natus, -tiis, [NU + tus], M., a nod, a s ign : ad nutum, at one's beck, at one's command; nutu, by signs.

obliqul [old case-form of obliquus], adv., obliquely, slanting.

obliquus, -a, -um, [ob-tliquus, cf. li(c)mus, aslant], adj., slanting.

obliviscor, -livisci, -litus, [ob- tlivio, cf. liveo], 3. v. dep., (grow dark against ?),forget.

obsecr6, -Hre, -Lvi, -Etus, [manufactured from ob sacrum (mar or by some sacred osjert)], I . v. a., entreat, adjure, implore.

obsequentia, -ae, [obsequent- (yielding) + ia], F., comjliance, deference : nimia obsequentia, too ready compliance.

observltus, -a, -um, p. p. of ob- servo.

observ6, -Ere, Zvi, -Stus, [ob- servo], I. v. a., (be on the watch towm-ds ?), p a r d , maintailt, keep : iudicium (foLlow, comply with) ; dies natalis (keep, celebrate).

obses, -idis, [ob-tses, cf. praeses and obsideo], c., (a person under guard), a hostage.

obsessi6, -6nis, [ob-tsessio, cf. obsideo], F., a blockade, a siege, a state of siege (cf. oppugnatio, of actual siege operations).

obsessus I04 occultue

obsessus, -a, -urn, p. p. of obsideo. obsideij, -sidEre, -sEdi, -sessus,

[ob-sedeo], 2. v. a., (sit down against), blockade, beset, guard.

obsidiij, -8nis, [obsidii- (reduced) + 01, F., a siege (cf. obsessio), a blockade : obsidione liberare (from besetting enemies). - Also, the art of siege.

obsignitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of ob- signo.

obsignij, -%e, -Hvi, -Ztus, [ob- signo], I. v. a., seal up, seal.

obsistb, -&ere, -stiti, no p. p., [ob-sisto], 3. v. n., withstand, resist.

obstiniit8 [old case-form of ob- stinatus, fr. obstino, persist], adv., persistent&.

obstrictus, -a, -urn, p. p. of ob- stringo.

obstringij, -stringere, -strinxi, -strictus, [ob-stringo], 3. v. a., bind (lit. and fig.) : habere obstrictas (under obligation).

obstrilctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of ob- struo.

obstruij, -struere, -striixi, -strCctus, [ob-struo, pile], 3. v. a,, block up, barricade.

obtemperij, -Hre, 4vi, -LtGrus, [ob- temper~], I. v. n., (rony$or.z to), comply with, submit to.

obtestiitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of ob-

obtestor, &i, -iitus, [ob-testor, cf. testis, witness], I. v. dep., implore (calling something to witness).

obtineij, -tinere, -tinui, -tentus, [ob-teneo], 2. v. a,, hoZd (against something or somebody), retain, maintain, occupy,possess : provinciam

testor.

(have control of as prator): iustis- simam apud eum causam obtinere, be entire& free from obligation towards him, as having a perfect right to benefits conferred.

obtulii perf. of offero. obveni6, -venire, -vEni, -ventfirus,

[ob-venio], 4. v. n., come to, come in one’s way, f a l l t o (by lot).

obviam [ob-viam], adv., in tht way of; to meet (any one) : obviam venire, come to meet.

occlsib, - h i s , [ob-Tcasio, cf. occido], P., opportmity .- occasio brevis, a short time; rem occasionis, a matter of opportunity.

occlisus, -si%, [ob-casus, cf. oc- ciao], M., a faZliBg, a setting (of the sun) : solis (the suaset, the west).

occia6, -cidere, -cidi, -cHsiirus, [ob-cado], 3. v. n.,fall, be slain, set: sol occidens, the west.

occidij, -cidere, -cidi, -cisus, [ob- caedo, cut], 3. v. a., hill, massacre: occisi, the slain.

occisus, -a, -urn, p. p. of occido. occultltiij, -6nis, [occulta- -I- tio],

F., coizcealment. occultitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of oc-

culto. occult8 [old case-form of oc-

cultus], aclv., secretly. occultij, 4re, -Hvi, -iitus, [occul-

t&], I. v. a., conceal, hide. occultus, -a, -urn, [p. p. of occulo],

as adj., concealed: in occulto, i n secret; ex occulto, from a n anrhush, in amhsh ; in occulto sese continere, keep themselves Ridden ; insidiandi ex occulto, of attackingfrom an unt durrade.

occuplti6, -6nis, [occup& + tio], F., occupation (engagement in business), business afairs (of business) : occupationes tantularum rerum, engagement in such trzfling matters.

occupltus, -a, a m , p. p. of occupo.

occupb, -%re, -Ivi, -Itus, [toccupb or toccup-, ob and st. akin to capio], I. v. a., seize, take possession of, seize zrpon, occupy (only in military sense) : regna (usurp) ; in opere occupati (eBgaged, em@Zoyed ) .

occurrb, -currere, -curri (-cucurri ?), -cursiirus, [ob-curro], 3. v. n., run to meet, meet, come upon, find, fa22 in with, meet. Hence in pregnant sense, thwart, bafle, frustrate : eo (run, to meet an enemy) ; ad animum

Oceanus, -7, [Gr.], M., the ocean (with or without mare).

Ocelum, -i, [Celtic], N., a town of the Graioceli in Cisalpine Gaul (prob. OuZx in Piedmont).

octHvus, -a, -um, [octo + vus, poss. toctau -I- us], num. adj., eighth.

octingenti, -ae, -a, [st. akin to octo 4- centum], num. adj., e&ht hundred.

oct6 [?I, indecl. num. adj., e&&. octbdecim [octo-decem], indecl.

Octodiirus, -i, [Celtic], M., a town

octbgintl [octo 4- ?I, indecl. num.

octdni, -Be, -a, [octo + nus), adj.,

oculus, -i, [toc& (cf. AK, see) t

(occur). -

num. adj., eighteen.

of the Veragri, now Mar&@y.

adj., e&&.

eight at a time, eight each, eight.

Ius], M., the eye : sub oculis, in s&& bejore the eyes.

bdi, Gdisse, [perf. of lost verb (with pres. sense), akin to odium], def. v. a., late, detest.

odium, -i, [VADH (@urn) + ium],

offendo, -fendere, -fendi, -fEnsus, [ob-fendo], 3. v, a. and n., dash against, hurt: animum (hurt the

feelings, aZienate, shock). - Abso- lutely, sufer a mishap.

o f f h i d , -Gnis, [ob-tfensio, cf. defensio and offendo], F., striking aguinst. - Fig., oyeuce: sine offen- sione animi, wifhout wounding one’s feezing..

offerb, offerre, obtuli, oblztus, [ob-fero], irr. v. a., (bring to), throw in one’s way, oyer: se hostibus (throw themselves upon); se morti (expose one’s self to) ; quos sibi oblatos (pZaced in his power) ; beneficium (confer, render).

officium, -i, [ob-tfacium, cf. beneficium], N., (doing something to one), a service, petformance of a duty. -Transf., a duty, allegiance, an oblifation : discedere ab ofilcio, fail of one’s duty.

Ollovicd, -6nis, [Celtic], M., a king of the Nitiobriges.

omittd, -mittere, -misi, -missus, [ob-mitto], 3. v. a., let go by : consilium (Zeave untried, negZect ) ; omnibus omissis rebus, leaving everything else.

omnin6 [ab]. of tomninus (omni- 4- nus)], adv., altogether, entire@, on&, ufterb, in all, at aZZ, any way, only just, whatever (with negatives).

N., hatred.

O m n i B I06 opportanltae

omnis, -e, [?I, adj., ah’, the whoZe of (a divisible or divided, cf. totus as indivisible or not divided).-In sing., every (without emphasis on the individuals, cf. quisque, each, emphatically) ; celerius omni opinione (of any one) ; omni tempore, on all occasions, always; omnes pieces, every form ofprayers; omnibus rebus, everything, everything else; per omnia, etc. (throzgh nothing but, etc.). - In plur. as a short expression for aN others.

onerilrius, -a, -um, [oner- (as st. of onus) f arius], adj., for burdens : naves (transports).

oner6, -%re, -Hvi, -Itus, [oner- (as st. of onus)], I . v. a., Zoad: celeri- tas onerandi (of ships), faciZi& of Zoading.

onus, -eris, [unc. root + us], N., a burden, a load, a fyeight, a cargo. - Abstr., we*kt. - Esp. : tanta onera navium, shz@ of such weight.

opera, -ae, [oper- (as st . of opus) + a (F. of -us)], F., work, pains, attentioft : operam navare, do one’s best; operam dare, devote one’s sev, exert one’s secf; take pains. -With ut, try, take care : opera uti (services, he@, etc.) ; quorum opera interfectus (through whose means, agency).

opini6, -his, [opin& (cf. nec- Opinus) -t 01, F., notion, expectation : celerius omni opinione, quicker than any one wouZd suppose; opinio virtutis (reputation for , etc.) ; tanta opinio huius belli (impression) ; tan- tam opinionem timoris praeboit (gave such an idea, impression) ; also, oplnio timoris (display, cause for an

impression) ; speciem atque opinionem pugnantium praebere, make a show and give an impression of being combatants ; nomen atque opinio (reputation) ; ut fert illorum opinio, as their notioe i s ; ad opinionem Galliae, f o r an impression on the Gauls; opinione praecipere, to anticipate.

oportet, -&-e, -uit, no p. p., [noun- st. from ob and st. akin to porto, cf. opportunus], 2. v. impers., it be- hooves, it oufht, it is best: poenam sequi (thepunishment was to follow) ; frumentum metiri (he ought, etc.) ; alio tempore atque oportuit (than it should have been).

oppidlnus, -a, -um, [oppid& (reduced) + anus], adj., of a (the) tmun.-PPlur. as noun, the towns- peopZe.

oppidum, 4, [ob-tpedum (a $Cain?)], N., (the fortified place which, according to ancient usage, commanded the territories of a little state), n stronghold, a town (usually fortified).

opptinb, -pijnere, -posui, -positus, [ob-pono], 3. v. a., set against, op- pose (something to something else) : novem oppositis legionibus, with izine Zegions opposed to the enemy.- oppositus, -a, -um, p. p. as adj., opposed, Cying in the way, opposite.

opport3nE [old case-form of opportunus], adv., opportuneZy, season- ab&.

opportiinitis, -tHtis, [opportun6- + tas], F., timeZiness,$tness (of time or circumstance), good Zuck (in time or circumstance), favorable chance,

opportff nu8 I

convenience (of a means of fortification).

opportanus, -a, -urn, [ob-portunus, cf. portus, harbor, and Por- tunus], adj., (coming to harbor?), opportune, advantageous, lucky.

oppositus, -a, -um, p. p. of op pono.

oppressus, -a, -um, p. p. of op primo.

opprimij, -primere, -pressi, -pressus, [ob-premo], 3. v. a., (press against), overwhelm, crush, over- power, overtake (surprise).

oppiignltio, -5nis, [oppugn& + .tie], F., a siege (of actual operations, cf. obsidio, bZockade), besiegittg, an attbck (in a formal manner against a defended position).

oppiignii, -Hre, -Hvi, -Stus, [ob- pugno,jfht], I. v. a., attack (form-

'ally, but without blockade), lay &ege tu, carry on a siege, assail (a defended position).

[ops, cf. Ops, the goddess], opis, E?], F., help, aid.- Plur., resources, means, strength, blessings. - Also, he@ (from several sources).

optZtus, -a, -um, [p. p. of opto, wish], as adj., desired, desirable, wisked for, welcome.

optiml, superl. of bene. optimus, -a, -urn, [op (cf. ops?) + timus (cf. finitimus)], superl. of

bonus. opus, operis, [OP + us], N., work,

labor (as accomplishing its purpose, cf. labor, as tiresome). -In military sense, a wovk, works, fort$ca- tions: natura e t opere munitus (by nature and art) ; operum atque arti-

07 Orgetmix

iciorum (trades, handicrafts)). - I n abl., magno (quanto) (tanto) opere, very much, very, great&: (how much), (so much, so, so ear- nestZy) : often as one word, magnopere, quantopere, tantopere.

opus [same word as preceding], N. indecl., need, necess@: si quid ipsi a Caesare opus esset, if he needed anything of Casar; si quia opus facto, etc., if anything needs to be done.

iira, -ae, [?I, F., a shore, a coast. Wtiii, -anis, [ora- (speak) f tio],

F., speech, words, talk, address, discourse, argument.

ijriitor, -taris, [ora- (speak) + tor], M., a speaker, an ambassador, envoy.

orbis, -is, [?I, M., a circle (a cir- cular plane) : orbis terrarum, the circle of lands, the wkole world.- Less exactly, a hoZiow square (in military language), a circZe.

Orcynia, -ae, [Teutonic or Celtic], F., see Hercynius.

iirdb, -inis, [akin to ordior, begin a web], M., a series, a row, a tier, a Fan4 (of soldiers), a grade (of centurions, as commanding special ordines of soldiers, also the celz- turions themselves), an arrangement, an order .' perturbatis ordinibus, the ranks being broken; ratio ordoque agminis, the plan and arrangement of the march; ordines senare, to keep theirplaces, (of soldiers, also of anything laid in rows or tiers, pre- serue the arrangement, not deviat- ing from it).

Orgetorix, -?gis, [Celtic], M., a nobleman of the Helvetii.

odor I 08 Padus

P

orior, oriri, ortus, E?], 3. (and 4). V. dep., arise, sprinfuj: orta h e , at daybreak. - Fig., begin, start, spring from, arise, be started, have i t s source. -oriGns, -tatis, p. as adj., riJin.g: sol (sunrise, the east).

brnlmentum, -i, [om& + mentum], N., an adornment. - Fig., an honor (an addition to one's dignity), a source of dignity.

Brnltus, -a, -um, p. p. of orno. S m B , -&-e, -%vi, -Ltus, [unc. noun-

st.], I. v. a., adorn, epz$, furtrish. - Fig., honor. - Brnltus, -a, -um, p. p. as adj., furnished, weZl- equipped, honored.

arb, -iire, -Ivi, -stus, [or- (as st. of os, nzouth)], I . v. a. and n., speak. - Esp., pray, entre&.

ortus, -a, -urn, p. p. of orior. ortus, - tk , [OR (in oriorj + tus],

M., a rising: solis (sunrise, the easi).

Os, Sris, [?I, N., the mouth, Ut face: ora convertere, turtz the eyes.

Osismi, -6rum, [Celtic], M. plur., a people of Gaul (in Brittany).

ostend6, -tendere, -tendi, -tentus, Cobs-tendo], 3. v. a., (stretch towards), present, show, point out, make kuowu, state, decZam: copias (discozIer, un-

ostentlti6, -6nis, [ostenta- + tio], F., a showing, a display: ostenta- tionis causa, f o r display; ostentationem comminuere, h24m6le the pride.

ostente, -ire, -iivi, -Itus, [osten- to-], I. v. a., dispZay, enhibit.

Btium, -i, [?I, N., repose, inactiv- ity, quiet (freedom from disturbance).

Bvum, 4, [perh. avi- -I- urn], (6e- Zonging to a bird?), N., an egg.

?E.&).

f

P., for Publius. pHbulPtiB, -6nis, [pabulH- 4- tio],

F., a foraging,~t&ing fodder: pabula- tionis caus8, for forage.

plbulltor, -t6ris, [pabulB- 3- tor], M., a forager.

plbulor, 4ri, -itus, [pabul&], I. v. dep.,jorage, gather fodde?..

psbulum, -i, [PA (in pasco, f eed ) + buium], N., fodder (for animals, including the stalk as well as the grain), green fodder.

plcltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of paco. paciscor, -isci, pHctus (also

pacisc6, -ere) [paci (as st. of pgco, agree) i- sco], 3. v. a. and dep.,

Jargain. - Esp., plctus, -a, -urn, p. p., agreed $@on, settled.

pHcB, -ire, d v i , -itus, [pac-, in pax, pence], I. v. a.,paczyy, stibdue. - plc l - tus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., peaceable, quiet, suiyect (as reduced to peace).

plctum, -i, [see pactus], N., (a thing ag-yeed), an agreement, a n arrangement. Hence, a method, a way (of doing anything) : quo pacto, in what way, h m .

plctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of paciscor and pango.

Padus, -i, [Celtic], hi., the Po, the great river of Northern Italy (Cis. alpine Gaul).

Paemini, -&urn, [Celtic], M. pl., people of the Belgians. paene [?I, adv., ahmost, nearly. paenitet, -Ere, .uit, [tpoenitb

(perh. p. p. of verb akin to punio, punis%)], 2. v. a., impers., it repents (one), one repents, one regrets.

pagus, -i, [PAG (in pango) + us (with unc. conn. of ideas)], M., a district, a canton (cf. vicus, a smaller collection of dwellings).

palam [unc. case-form, cf. clam], adv., ope@, puJlicQ, witkout can- cea lment.

palma, -ae, [Gr.], F., thepalm (of the hand).

palas, -tidis, [?I, F., a marsh. paliister, -tris, -tre, [palud- + panda, pandere, pandi, passus, kin to pandus, bent], 3. v. a,,

bending bark the wrist) : passis manibus, with outstrefched hands ; passis capillis, with dishevelZed hair.

pfir, paris, [perh. akin to paro, pario (through the idea of barter or exchange)], adj., equal, alike, like: intervallum (the same). - Esp., epual in power, a match for.

pariitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of paro. parc8, [old case-form of parcus],

adv., sparingly, frugal@. parcb, parcere, peperci (parsi),

parsiirus (parcitiirus), [akin to parcus (PAR + cus), acquisitive, and so frugal?], 3. v. n., spare. - Esp., save alive : parcendo, by economy, by frugality.

parhe, -entis, [PAR (in pario) + ens], c., a parent.

tris], adj., marshy, swampy.

Q pread out (perh. orig. of the hands,

-

parentb, -Ere, -%IT, Zitus, [parent-], I. v. n., make a junereal ofer- ing (to deceased relatives, esp. parents). Hence, avenge (making an offering of the wrongdoer).

piireb, pHrEre, plrui, psritiirus, [par& (cf. opiparus)], 2. v. n., be prepared, appear, obey, mbmit to.

parib, parere, peperi, partus (paritiirus), [PAR, procure (perh. orig. by barter, cf. par)] 3. v. a., procure, acquire, secure.

Parisii, +urn, [Celtic], M. plur., a Celtic tribe around modern Pans, whose town Lutetia takes its modern name from them, cf. Kheitns, (Remi), Tr2ves (Treveri).

parci, -Hre, -%vi, -stus, [par&, cf. opiparus, and pareo], I. v. a., procure, prwide, prepare, get ready fo r (bellum used concretely for the means of war), arrange. -par& tus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., ready, prepared: animo parato (with mind resolved), resolute, determined; paratus in armis, armedfor war.

pars, partis, [PAR +.tis (reduced), akin to portio, and perh. to par through idea of barter], F., (a dividing), a portion, a part, a share. -Often of position or direction merely, side, direction, region: una ex parte, on one side; in utram partem, in which direction; ex utraque parte, on both sides; sinistra pars, the left Junk.; pars fluminis (bank) : maior pars, the ma- jority. - Fig.: qua ex parte, in which resject; omnibus partibus, in all respects; in utramque partem, in both respects, 60th ways, (of a plan); in

partim I 1 0 pauIi8pe.r

utramque partem, on 60th sides (of a discussion). - Esp. : tres partes, three quarters, (three parts out of four) ; ex parte, in part; ad in- feriorem partem fluminis, down the river; ab inferiore parte fluminis (further down, etc.). - partim, acc. as adv., in part, partly, some . . . others.

partim, see pars. partior, -iri, -itus, [parti-], 4. v.

dep., divide : partitis temporibus, alternately.

partitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of par-

partus, -a, -um, p. p. of pario. parum, [akin to parvus, perh.

for parvum], adv., not very, not much, not suficientCy: parum diligenter, too carelessZy, without SUB- eient care.

parvulus, -a, -urn, [parvli- + Ius], adj., small, slight, insigngcant: ab pmulis , from il2fancy.

parvus, -a, -urn, [perh. for pau- rus, cf. paucus], adj., small, sight, little.

passim [acc‘. of passis (pad (in pando, spread) + tis)], adv., i n all directions, all about.

passus, -a, -urn, p. p. of pando. passus, -a, -um, p. p. of patior. passus, -sGs, [PAD (in pando)

t tus], M., (a qreadizg ofthe legs), a stride (of both feet), a step, a @ace (esp. as a measure, about five Roman feet) : mille passuum, a Roman mile, five thousand feet.

patefacia, -facere, -fZci, -factus, [noun-st. akin to pateo + facio], 3. v. a., lay open, open.

tior.

patefactus, -a, -urn, p. p. of pa-

patefi6, pass. of patefacio. pateti, -Ere, -ui, no p. p., [?I, 2. v.

n., be extended, lie open, spread, extend, be wide, be open. -patans, -entis, p. as adj., open, exjosed.

pater, -tris, [PA (in pasco?) + ter], M., a father. - Plur., ancestors.

patienter, [patient- + ter], adv., jatieintCy.

patientia, -ae, [patient- + ia], F., patience, endurance, forbearance (in refraining from fighting).

patior, pati, passus, [?I, 3. v. dep., sufer, endure, allow, permit: vim tempestatis (endure, stund).

patrius, -a, -urn, [patr- + ius], ad$, of a father, ancestral, of one’s fathers.

patrtinus, -i, [fr. pater, for form cf. colonus 4- nus], M., a patron, a protector.

patruus, -i, [pat (e) r- + vus ?], M., an uncle (on the father’s side, cf. avunculus, on the mother’s).

paucitls, -tHtis, [paucb + tas], F., small number.

paucus, -a, -urn, [PAU (cf. paulus and parvus) + cus], adj,, almost always in plur., few, Some f e w (but with implied on& in a semi-negative sense) : paucis (pauca) respondit (in a few words, byie$y).

paullt im [Paul& (reduced) + atim, as if acc. of t paulatis (t Paula 4- tis)], adv., litlle by little, a Zittle at a time, gradual&, f ew at a lime.

paulisper [paulis (abl. plur. of paulus ?) per], adv., a little wWe.

tefacio.

Paula I11 per

pa1116 [abl. of paulus, ZittZe], as adv., a ZittZe, slzkhtly.

paululum [acc. of paululus, dim. of paulus], as adv., a very little.

paulum [acc. of paulus (PAU + Ius, cf. paucus)], as adv., a ZittZe, a short distance, somewhat.

pax, pHcis, [PAC (&), as st.], F. (a treav ?), peace, fuvor.

pecc8, -%-e, -Svi, -Stfirus, [?I, I. v. n., g o wrong, commit a jault.

pectus, -oris, [perh. pect (as root of pecto, comb) + us, from the rounded shape of the breast, cf. pectinatus], N., the breast.

peciinia, -ae, [t pecun6- (pecu- (cattle) + nus, cf. Vacuna) + ia], F., money (originally cattle), wealth.

pecus, -oris, [PEC ( t i e ? ) + us], N., cattZe (especially sheep and goats) : pecore vivere (flesh of cattle). - Pl., cattZe,fEocks and herds.

pedalis, -e, [ped- + alis], adj., of a foot (in thickness), a foot thick.

pedes, -itis, [ped- (as if pedi) + tis (reduced)], c., a footman, a foot- soldier. - Collectively, the infantry.

pedester, -tris, -tre, [pedit- + tris], adj., of infantry, ofppwns on foot: itiiera (journeys in foot, marches, Zand routes) : proelium (on Zand) ; copiae (the foot, the infantry).

peditatus, -tEs, [pedit- + atus, cf. consulatus], M., foot, infantry.

Pedius, 4, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Quintus Pedius, a nephew of Ccsar and a legatus under him in Gaul. H e sided with Augustus, and was afterwards made consul by Augustus’s patronage.

peior, see malus.

piJius, see male. pellie, -is, [?I, F., a hide, a skin

(either on or off the body of an animal) : sub pellibus, in tents, i.e. in the jeZd.

pella, pellere, pepuli, pulsus, [?I, 3. v. a., strike, beat, drive, defeat, repulse, rout.

pendb, pendere, pependi, pensus, [?I, 3. v. a., hang, wekh, wezgh out. Hence (since money was earlier weighed, not couuted),pay, pay out. - Esp. with words of punishment, pay (a penalty), su& (punishment, cf. dare and capere).

penes [prob. acc. of st. in-os akin to penitus], prep. with acc., in the power of.

penitus [st. akin to penes, penus, etc., + itus, cf. antiquitus], adv., far within, deeply, entirely, utterly: penitus ad extremos finis (clear to, aZZ the way to).

I. per [unc. case-form], adv. (in composition) and prep. w. acc., through, aZong, mer, among. - Fig., through, by means o j (cf. ab, by, directly), by the agency oJ - Often accompanied by the idea of hindrance : per anni tempus potuit, the time of the year wouZdal1c-w; per t e licere, you do notprevent, you allow; per aetatem non poterant (on account of). - Often in adv. expressions : per fidem, in good faith, in reference to a deception on the other side ; per concilium, in council; per insidias, treacherously ; per crucia- tum, with torture : per vim, fmcib(y; locus ipse per se (in and of itscZf).

2. per [prob. a different case of

perfictus I I2 perfugig

same st. as I. per], adv. in comp., wery, exceeding&, compZetely.

perlctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of perago. perag6, -agere, -E@, -5ctus, [I. per

ago], 3. v. a., conduct thruugh,finish, accomplish : concilium (hold to the end) ; conventus (&ish holding).

perangustus, -a, -um, [2 . perangustus], adj., very narrow.

perceptus, -a, -urn, p. p. of per- cipio.

percipi6, +ere, -cEpi, -ceptus, [I. per-capio], 3. v. a., take in (completely), learn, acquire, hear. - Esp. of harvests, gather. Hence, fig., reap: fructus rictoriae.

percontiitib, -?inis, [perconta- (inquire) + tio], F., inquiry, iuguiries (though sing. in Latin).

percurr6, -currere, -cucurri, (-curri), -cursus, [I. per-curro], 3. v. n. and a., run along.

percussus, -a, -urn, p. p. of percutio. percuti6, -cutere, -cussi, -cussus,

[I. perquatio, shake], 3. v. a., hit, strike, run through.

perdisco, -discere, -didid, no p. p., [I. per-disco], 3. v. a., learn thorough&, get by heart.

perditus, -a, -urn, p. p. of perdo. perdo, perdere, perdidi, perditus,

[I. per-do], 3. v. a., destroy (cf. interficio), ruin. -perilitus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., ruined, desperaie, aban- doned.

perdiic6, -dikere, -dfixi, -ductus, [I. per-duco], 3. v. a., Zead through, Zead aZong, bring over, carry along, make (fossam), march (legionem). - Fig., prolong, win over, briiig: rem ad extremum casum (redace).

perductus, -a, -urn, p. p. of per- duco.

perendinus, -a, -urn, [perendie (tperen-die, cf. postridie) + inus], adj., (.f the day beyond, cf. per), of day afer to-morrow :gerendino die, day ajter tomorrow, in two days.

pere6, -ire, -ii (-ivi), -itfirus, [ I .

per-eo, go], irr. v. ii., perish, be killed (in battle).

perequitti, -Hre, 4 v i , -8tus, [I. per- equito, cf. eques], I . v. a. and n., ?+de mer (or around).

perexiguus, -a, -urn, [ z . perexiguus], adj., wery smaZZ.

perfacilis, -e, [z . per-facilis], adj., very easy.

perfectus, -a, -urn, p. p. of per- ficio.

perfer6, -ferre, -tuli, -1iitus, [I. perfero], irr. v. a., carry through (or over) : opinionem (spread among) ; consilium (carry over) ; famam ([lying). -Also, bear through (to the end), endure, sufer, submit to.

perfici6, -ficere, -fSci, -fectus, [I . per-facio, make], 3. v. a., accom-

pZisk, complete, finish, make (complete). - With.ut (uti), succeed (in doing or having done), cause to.

perfidia, -ae, [peffidc- + ia], F., perfidy, treachery, faithzessness.

perfring6, -fringere, -frEgi, frzctus, [I. per-frango], 3. v. a., break through.

perfuga, -ae, [I. per-tfuga (FUG 4- a, cf. scriba)], M., a refugee, a fugi- tive, a deserter.

perfugia, -fugere, -reg, no p. p., [I. per-fugio], 3. v. n., run away,

j e e (to a place), escape to.

perfugium 1 1 3 I p e q u s

perfugium, -it [I. per-tfugium, cf. perfugio], N., a place of refuge, refuge.

perg6, pergere, perrExi, perrEc- tus (?), [I. per-rego, Keep stra@ht], 3. v. n., (Keep one's direction ?), Keep on, continue to advance, advance.

periclitor, -iiri, -Stus, [ tpericlitti- (as if p. p. of periculor, cf. periculum)], I. v. dep., try, make a triaZ, be exposed, be put in peril.

pericul6sus, -a, -urn, [periculli- + osus], adj., dangerous. periculum (-dum), -i, [tperi- (cf.

experior, try) + culum], N., a &ial, an attempt. Hence, peril, danger, risk.

peritus, -a, -um, [tperi- (cf. experior, t ~ y ) + tus], p. p. as adj., (tried), experienced, skilled, skiJhl.

perliitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of perfero. perlEctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of per-

lego. perleg6, -legere, -lEgi, -lEctus, [I.

per-lego], 3, v. a., read through, read (a letter aloud).

perlu6, -luere, hi, -Ititus, [ I . per- luo], 3. v. a., wash aZl over. - Pass. (as reflex.), bathe.

permfignus, -a, -um, [ z . permag- nus], adj., veryg~eat, very large.

permanea, -rnanEre, -rnSnsi, rnln- stirus, [I. per-maneo], 2. v. n., remain (to the end), continue, hold out, persist: in eadem libertate (continue to live, etc.).

permisce6, -miscEre, -miscui, -mix- tus (-mistus) [z. per-misceo], 2. v. a,, mix (thoroughly), mingle.

permiasus, -a, -urn, p. p. of per- mitto.

permitt6, -mittere, -misi, -missus, [I. per-mitto], 3. v. a., (give over), grant, aZlow, e v e up, entrust: fortunas (trust) ; summam imperi (place in the hands of, etc.); suffragiis rem (Ztave the matter to, etc.).

permixtus, -a, -urn, p. p. of per- misceo.

permiitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of per- moveo:

permove5, -movEre, -rn6vi, -m6- tus, [I. per-moveo], 2. v. a., mwe (thoroughly), injuence, afect. - permatus, -a, -urn, p. p., much af- fected, much inJuenced, oveycome.

permulceii, -mulcEre, -rnulsi, -mul- sus, [I. per-mulceo], 2. v. a,, smooth over. Hence, soothe, pactyy.

perniciEs, -Ei, [?, akin to nex, death], F., destyuctaon, ruin.

perpaucus, -a, -urn, [ z . perpaucus], adj.- Plur., very fw, but very few, only a very few.

perpendiculum, -i, [perpendi- (st. of perpendo, hang down) I- culum], N., a plumb line: ad perpendiculum, perpendicuZarly.

perpetior, -peti, -pessus, [I. per- patior], 3. v. dep., sufer, endure.

perpetuus, -a, -urn, [I. pertpetuus (PET (aim) + vus)], adj., (Keeping on through), continutng, continued, continuous, without interruptaon, lasting, permanent: vita (whoZe) ; paludes (continuous) j in perpetuum, forever, permanently. - Ahl. as adv., perpetu6, forever, constantly, con- tinually.

perquira, quirere, -quisivi, -quisitus, [I. perquaero], 3. v. a., search for, inquire about.

penurnpa 1 I4 pet6

perrump6, -rumpere, &pi, -rup tus, [I. per-rumpo], 3. v. a. and n., dreak through, force one’s way through, dreak,force a passage.

perruptus, -a, -um, p. p. of per- rumpo.

perscriba, -scribere, -scripsi, -scriptus, [I. per-scribo], 3. v. a,, write out (in full).

persequor, -sequi, -secfitus, [I . persequor], 3. v. dep., foZZow u$,pursue, attock: mortem, iniurias (avenge).

perseverb, -&re, -&vi, -Stfirus, [per- sever&, very strict], I. v. n.,persist.

persolvb, -solvere, -solvi, -solatus, [ z . per-solvo], 3. v. a., pay (fully). - Esp. (cf. pendo) of penalties, pay, sufer (punishment).

perspectus, -a, -urn, p. p. of per- spicio.

perspicib, -spicere, -spexi, -spectus, [I. per-tspecio], 3. v. a., see through, see, inspect, examine. - Also, see thoroughb. - Fig., see clearly, see, understand, learn, observe, f ind, dis- cmer.

perstb, -stfire, +titi, atHtfirus, [I. per-sto], I. v. n., standj’%m,persist, remainjirm, be firm.

persadeb, -su&dEre,-suHsi, -SUBSUS, [I. per-euadeo, advise], 2. v. a. and n., induce, persuade: hoc volunt perwadere (make people believe). - Pass. (impers.), be persuaded (dat. of person), be satisjed, believe.

perterreij, -terrEre, -terrui, -territus, [I. per-terreo], 2. v. a,, terrify, alarm : perterritus equitatus (put in a panic) ; timore perterritus, struck with terror; quos pertemtos

pertiniicia, -ae, [pertiiac- + ia], F., obstinacy, stubbornness.

pertineo, -tinEre, -tinui, no p. p., [I. per-teneo], 2. v. n., (hold a course towards), tend, extend. - Fig., have to do wrth, tend: eodem ill0 ut, etc. (have the same ptwpose, look ilt the sunre directzon) ; res ad plures per- tinet (more are implicated in, etc.).

pertuli, see perfero. perturblti6, -ijnis, perturb& 4-

tio], F., disturbance, alarm, panic, demoraZization.

perturbltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of per- turbo.

perturbb, -%re, -&vi, -Stus, [I. per- turbo, disturb], I. v. a,, disturb, three, into cottfiAsion, confuse, throw into disorder, alarm, terrzyy.

pervagor, -&ri, -&tus, [I. pervagor], I. v. dep., roam about, scatter.

pervenib, -venire, -vEni, -ventus, [ I . per-venio], 4. v. n., (come through to), arrive at, get as f a r as, reach, come. - Fig., arrive: ad hunc locum (come to this p o i d ) ; pars (of property, come, fal l ).

perventus, -a, -urn, p. p. of per- venio.

PES, pedis, [PAD, tread, as st.], M.,

thefoot. -Also, as a measure, a foot. - Esp. : pedem referre, draw back, ,@be way; pedibus proeliari (on f oo t ) ; ad pedes desilire (to the ground, from on horseback, etc.) ; pedibus aditus, approach by land.

petb, petere, petivi, petitus, [ P A T ] , 3. v. a. and n., (fall ?, j y ?), aim at ,

- - attack, make for, try to get, seek, go to get, go to. Hence, ask, request, (panic-stricken, Jying in terror).

Petrocorii 115 planus

look for, get: petentibus Haeduis (at the request OJ etc.) ; fugam (take to).

Petrocorii, -6rum, [Celtic], M. pl., a tribe on the Garonne (Perzgord).

Petrhius , -i, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Marcus Petro- nius, a centurion in Czsar's army,

Petrosidius, -i, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Lucius Petro- sidius, a standard-bearer in Czsar's army.

phalanx, -an&, [Gr. $dXay[], F., a phalanx (properly an arrangement of troops in a solid mass from eight to twenty-four deep, but applied also to other bodies of troops), an array.

Pictones (Pect-), -um, [Celtic], M. plur., a Celtic tribe south of the Loire (Poitou).

pietis, -tiitis, [pia-, dutiful, + tas], F., fiZiaZ afection, aflection (for the gods or one's country, etc.), pa- triotism.

pilum, -i, [?I, N . , a pestZe.- Also, ajavelin (the peculiar weapon of the Roman legion, with a heavy wooden shaft about 4 ft. long, and an iron head on a long iron shank, making a missile more than 6 ft. long) : pilum murale, a heavier missile of the same kind for use in siege works.

pilus, -i, [pilum], M., a cenlury (of soldiers, a name applied to indicate the rank of centurions, see centurio). -Also, a centurion (of aparticular rank).- Phrases : pdmi pili centurio (of thefirst century or rank) ; primum pilum duxerat, Aad commanded in the first century of the jirst cohort, been jirst centurion.

pinna, -ae, [= penna, feather

(PET (fly) + na)], F., an artijicid parapet (of osier or the like run along the top of a wall).

Piriistae, -%rum, [?I, M. plur., a tribe of Illyria.

piscis, -is, [?I, M., a fish. - Col- lectively, fish.

Pis6, &is, [pis6 (pease) + 01, M., (a man with a wart like a pea?, cf. Cicero), a Roman family name.- Esp. : I. Lucius Calpuunius Piso, a legatus in the army of Cassius which was defeated by the Helvetii B.C. 107, and grandfather of No. 2. - 2 . Lucius Car'pumius Piso Cae- sonius, father of Calpurnia, Czsar's wife. - 3. Marcus Pupius Piso Cal- purnianus, consul with M. Messala in B.C. 61. - 4. Piso, an Aquitanian (probably enfranchised by one of the above named).

pix, picis, [?I, F., pitch. placeb, -&re, -ui, -itus, [tplac&

(cf. placo, and placidus)], 2 . v. n., please. - Esp. in third person, it pZemes (one), one likes, one deter- mines, one decides.

placidg [old case-form of placidus, quiet], adv., quiet&, calmmr'y.

plZc6, -Ere, -Hvi, -Ztus, [st. akin to placeo], I. v. a., pacifv, appease.

Plancus, -i, [perh. akin to planus], M. (Flutjfoot), a Roman family name. - See Munatius.

plHni5 [old case-form of planus], adv., $'at@, clear&, entiremr'y.

plinitigs, -5, [plan& + ties, cf. -tia], F., a pZain.

planus, -a, -urn, [unc. root + nus], adj., Jut, level, even: carinae pia- niores (less deep, Zen rownding).

plaba I 16 w- plZbs (plgbZs), -is (+i), EPLE (in

plenus) 4- unc. term. (cf. turba)], F., the populace, the multitude, the common people.

plGnE [old case-form of plenus], adv., full), entire& completely.

plenus, -a, -urn, [PLE (in pleo,jill) + nus], adj., f u l l : luna; legio. pkumque , see plerusque. plgrusque, -aque, -umque, [PLE

(in pleo, j l l ) + rus-que (cf. -pletus, plenus)], adj. only in plur., most of; very many. - Acc. sing. as adv., plerumque, generally, usual+, for tke nzostpart, very often.

Pleumoxii, -?mum, [Celtic], M. plur., a people of Belgic Gaul, clients of the Nervii.

plumbum, -i, [?I, N., lead. - plumbum album, tin.

pliirimus, see multus. plhs, [akin to pleo, jKJ , see

multus. pluteus, -i, [?I, M., a mantelet, a

cover (movable, for defence).- Also, a bulwark, a defence, a breastwork.

pbculum, -i, [root (or st.) PO- (in potus, drink) + culum], N., a drink- ing-cup.

poena, -ae, [perh. t povi- (PU) + na (cf. punio, punish)], F., a penalty. Hence, a punishment (see persolvo, repeto).

pollex, -icis, [?I, M., tke tkumd (with or without digitus).

polliceor, -licEri, -licitus, [tpor- for pro (cf. portendo) -liceor, bid], 2. v. dep., of;.r, promise (voluntarily) : liberaliter (made liberaZo$ers).

pollicitAti6, - h i s , [polliciti- + ti01 , F., en ofm, a promise.

pollicitus, -a, -um, p. p. of polliceor.

PompBius, -i, [ tpompe- (dialectic form of quinque) + ius], M., a Roman gentile or family name. - Esp. : I. Gnaeus Pompeizds Mqq-nus, the great rival of Czsar, consul with Marcus Crassus in B.C. 58. -2. Gnae- us Pompeius, an interpreter of Quin- tus Titarius, probably a Gaul enfranchised by one of the Pompeys.

pondus, -eris, [PEND (in pendo, wezgh) + us], N., wezght.

pbn6, psnere, posui, positus, [prob. tpor-sino (cf. polliceor)], 3. v. a., lay down, place,put: posita tollere (things laid u$, consecrated) ; ponere custodes (set) ; castra (pitch) ; praesidium (station, but see below). - Fig., place, lay, make, depend on : in fuga praesidium ; spem salutis in virtute ( j n d , found, seek).-positus, -a, -um, p. p., situated, +ing, depending on : posita est, Zies ; positum est in, etc., depends on, etc.

p6nsJ pontis, [?I, M., a bridge. populitib, -anis, [populi- + tio],

F., a plundering, a raid. populor, 4 r i , -atus, [populti-1,

I. v. dep., (strip, of people ?, cf. Eng., skin, shell, bark a tree), ravage, devastate.

populus, -i, [PAL? (in pleo, j l l) , reduplicated 4- us], M., (the fu l l number, the mass), a people (in its collective capacity), a nation, a tribe (as opposed to individuals) : populus Romanus (the official designa- tion of the Roman state).

por-, port-, [akin to pro], obs, prep., only in comp., forth.

porrgctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of por- rigo.

porrig0, -rigere, -rExi, rEctus, [tpor- (cf. polliceor), -rego], 3. v. a., stretch forth : porrecta loca perti- nent (stretch out in extent).

porra [?, akin to tpor (cf. por- rigo)], adv., furthermore, further, then (in narration).

porta,-ae, [POR (go through) t tal, F., (way oftraJ7c ?), a gate.

porta, -Hre, -8vi, -Ztus, [porta-?], I. v. a., carry (perh. orig. by way of traffic), brang, convey.

portarium, -i, [?, porta (reduced) + orium (N. of -onus), perh. orig. tportor + ius], N., (Rate-money? or carrier’s money ?), a duty (an impost), a toll.

portus, -tiis, [POR (cf. porta) + tus], M., (a place of access), a harbor, a haven, a port.

posc6, poscere, poposci, no p. p., [perh. akin to prex, prayer], 3 v. a., demand (with some idea of claim, stronger than peto, weaker than flagito), require, claim.

positus, -a, -urn, p. p. of pono. possessiij, -6nis, [tpor-tsessio (cf.

obsessio)], F., possession, occupation -Concretely (as in Eng.), posses- sions, lands (possessed).

poseidea, -sidere, -sEdi, -sessus, [tpor-sedeo], z v. a., (settle farther on?), occu$y (in a military sense), possess (lands, of a people), hold possession of.

possum, posse, potui, [pote- (for potis) -sum], irr. v. n., be able, can, etc. : piurimum posse, be nzostpower- fu l , have very great injuence; tan-

tum potest, has so much weight, power, injvence ; largiter posse, have great injuence ; multitudine posse, be strong in numbers; equi- tatu nihil posse, have no strength in cavalry ; quicquid possunt, whatever power they have; quid virtute possent, what they could do by valor; fieri posse, be possibh; ut spatium intercedere posset (mipht intervene) ; quam maximum pcitest, the greatest possible.

post [ ?, prob. abl. of st. akin to postis (cf. ante, antes, rowq and antae, pilasters)], adv. and prep. with acc., behind, after: post diem tertium, three days after; post se, in their rear; post hunc, next to him.

postel [post ea], adv., afterwards. postelquam [postea quam], con-

junctive adv., (later than), after (only with clause).

posterus, -a, -urn, [post- (or st. akin) 4- terus (orig. cornpar.)], adj., the next, later : postero die, the next day; in posterum, the next day. Plur. as noun, posterity. - postrgmus, -a, -um, superl., last. -postr6m0, abl., Zastly,finalZy.

postpiha, -p6nere, -posui, -positus, [post-pono], 3. v. a., place behind, postpone : omnibus rebus post- positis, disregardinf everything else.

postpositus, -a, -urn, p. p. of post- pono.

postquam, [post quam], conjunc- tive adv., (later than), after.

postrgm0, see posterus, postramus, see posterus. postridie [tposteri- (loc. of pos-

postulatum I 18 praecipus

terns) -die], adv., the next day: postridie eius diei, the next day after that.

postuliitum, -i, [N. p. p. of pos- tulo], N., a demand, a reguirement, a reguest, a claim.

postulb, -%re, -%vi, -Stus, [ ?], I. v. a., claim (with idea of right, less urgent than posco), ask, request, require : tempus anni (require, make necessary). '

potgns, -entis, [p. of possum as adj.], adj., powerful: homo (influential) ; potentiores, meit of itzfluence.

potentiitus, -tGs, [potent- + atus, cf. consulatus], M., the chiefpower, supremacy.

potentia, -ae, [potent- + ia], F., power (political influence), azdhoril'y (not official or legal).

potestiis,-tztis, [potent- + tas], F., p w e r (official, cf. potentia, and civil, not military, cf. imperium), p m e r (generally), control, abili&, opport~nity, chance: sui potestatem facere, give a chance at them, give an opportunity t o jgh t them ; se potes- tati alicuius permittere (surrender, etc.) ; consistendi potestas erat nulli (chance, possibil2y) ; discedeudi potestatem facere (givepdrminion, etc.) ; facta potestate, having obtainedper- mission ; imperium aut potestas, military o r civi2 power ; deorum vis ac potestas, the power and domin- ion of the gods.

potior, potiri, potitus, [poti-, cf. potis, able], 4 v. dep., become mas- tcv OJ possess one's s e u of;get the control of: imperio (secure); caetris {captrtro).

potior, -us, -6ris, (compar. of potis], adj., preferable. -potius, acc. as adv., rather, preferably.

potitus, -a, -um, p. p. of potior. prae [unc. case-form of same st.

as pro], adv. (in comp.) and prep. with abl., before, in comparison with. -ESP. with words implying hindrance, fay, on account of (some obstacle).-In comp., before others, very, before, at the head of.

praeaciitus, -a, -um, [prae-acutus (p. p. of acuo)], p. p. as adj., sharp- erzed to a point, poiizted.

praebeb, praebere, praebui, praebi- tus, [prae-habeo], z v. a., (hold befo~e one), ofer, present, furnish: muni- menta (furnish, and so aford, make).

praecaveij, -cavEre, -ch i , -cautus, [prae-caveo], 2. v. n., take care be-

forehand, take precautioiolz, be on one's guard.

praecEd6, -cgdere, -cessi, -cessus, [prae-cedo], 3. v. a., go before.- Fig., excel, surpass.

praeceps, -cipitis, [prae-caputj, adj., headlong, in haste: locus praeceps, a steep incline.

praeceptum, -i, [p. p. of prae- cipio], N., an instruction, an order.

praeceptus, -a, -um, p. p. of prae- cipio.

praecipib, -cipere, &pi, -ceptus, [prae-capio], 3. v. a., take beforehand, anticipate. - Also, order, give instructions.

praecipita, &e, -%vi, -itus, [prae- cipit-1, I. v. a,, throw headlong: se (plunge headlotzf).

praecipu6 [old case-form of praecipuus], adv., es-ecial&

praecipuus *I9 praesaepia

praecipuue, -a, -um, [praetcap- uus (CAP + vus)], adj., (taking the first place), special.

praecliidij, -&idere, -clfisi, -cIfisus, [prae-claudo], 3. v. a., (dose in front of some one or something), shut of, barrzcade.

praecij, - h i s , [ ? 1, M., a herald. Praecijninus, -i, [praecon- + inus],

M., a Roman family name.-See Valerius .

praecurrij, -currere, -cucurri (-curri), -cursfirus, [prae-curro], 3. v. n., run on before, kasten on before, hasten in advance, hurry on bejore: equites (ride on in advance) ; celeritate (get the start of. etc.).

praeda, -ae, [prob. prae-thida (root of -hendo, seize, + a)], F., booty, prey, plunder.

praedicb, -%re, -%vi, -%tus, [tprae- dicll- (or similar st. from prae with DIC)], I. v. a. and n., make known (before one), prodaim, assert, de- scribe, boast, vaunt one’s self:

praedor, -Fir& -Fitus, [praeda], I. v. dep., plunder, take booty.

praedhcij, -dficere, -dfixi, -ductus, [prae-duco], 3. v. a., Zead(etc.), before: murum (carry out, draw round).

praefectus, -a, -urn, p. p. of praeficio. -As noun, see praeficio.

praeferij, -ferre, -tuli, -1%tus, [prae- fero], irr. v. a., place before, esteem above, prefer to (with quam): se alicui (show one’s segbetter than).

praeficiij, -ficere, -feci, -fectus, [prae-facio], 3. v. a,, put before, pZme in command of, set over. - praefectus, p. p. as noun, a cap-

tain (esp. of cavalry), a commamiw, a n ofleer.

praefigij, -figere, -fixi, -fixus, [prae-ffgo], 3. v. a . , j x in f yon t , sct on the edge (of something).

praefixus, -a, -um, p. p. of prae-

praemetu$ -metuere, no perf., no p. p., [prae-metuo], 3. v. a. and n., fear beforehand, be anxious.

praemittb, -mittere, -misi, -missus, [pTHe-mitto], 3. v. a., send forward, send on, send ahead.

praemium, -i, [prae-temium (EM, in emo, buy, + ium)], (taken before the general distribution or disposal of booty?), N., a reward, a prize, distinction (as a reward or prize): magno praemio remunerari (a great price).

praeoccupij, -%re, -%vi, -%tus, [prae-occupo], I. v. a., take in opposition or beforehand: timor animos (take complete possession of. to the exclusion of everything else) ; vias (close against one), preoccupy.

praeoptb, -Fire, -8vi, -Stus, [prae- opto], I. v. a., wish in preference, ckoose ratker, prefey.

praeparb, -%re, -%vi, -%tus, [prae- parol, I. v. a.,prepare beforehand

praepijnb, -p6nere, -posui, -positus, [prae-pono], 3. v. a . ,pu t in command, set over.

praerumpb, -rumpere, -ripi, - rup tus, [praerumpo], 3. v. a., break o j (at the end or in front). -praeruptus, -a, -um, p. p. as adj., precl;aitous.

praeruptus, -a, -um, p. p. of praerumpo.

praeeaepiij (-sCp), mepire, -saepsi,

figo.

praeaaeptus I20 praetor

-saeptus, [prae-saepio], 4. v. a., hedge in, wall 08

praesaeptus, -a, -urn, p. p. of praesaepio.

praescrib5, -scribere, -scripsi, -scriptus, [prae-scribo], 3. v. a., (write dmun beforehand), prescribe, order, direct, give directions.

praescriptum, -i, [N. p. p. of praescribo], N., an order, orders.

praescriptus, -a, -urn, p. p. of praescribo.

praeshs, -entis, p. of praesum. praesentia, a e , [praesent- + ia],

F., presence, the present moment: in praesentia, f o r the moment, at the moment.

praesentiti, -sentire, -sEnsi, -sensus, [praesentio], 4. v. a., see bpjore- hand,$nd out in time,find out (beforehand).

praesertim [as if acc. of tprae- sertis (SER, in sero (join) + tis)], adv., especially, particularly.

praesidium, -i, [prae-tsidium (SED + ium), cf. obsidium], N., (a sitting down aefore), a guard, a garri- son,a force (detached for occupation or guard) : intra praesidia, within the lines. - Fig., .protection, assistance, support: praesidio litterarum (with the assistance of, etc.) ; in fuga praesidium ponere, seek safe& in

praest6 [?, perh. ' I praesto," I am here (as if quoted)], adv., on hand, ready, waiting for, in attendance upon : praesto esse, be waiting for , meet.

praest6, &ire, -stiti, -stLtus (-stitus), [prae-sto], I. v. a. and n.,

&it.

stand before, be at the Iread, excel, be superior: praestat, it is better. - Also, causatively (bring before), f u r - nish, display : officium (discharg ?, perform) ; stabilitatem (aford, $05- sess); fidem (keep, perform one's

praesum, -esse, -fui, [prae-sum], irr. v. n., be in front, be at the Reau OA be i i z command: magistratui (hold).- praesens, -entis, p.,present, immediate : pluribus praesentibus, in the presence of many ; praesens adesse, be present in person.

praeter [compar. of prae (cf. inter)], adv. and prep. with acc., along by, past, beyond. - Fig., ex- ~

cept, beside, contrary fo . praetereH [praeter-ea (abl.) I],

adv., furthermore, besides: si nemo praeterea, if no one else.

praetere6, -ire, -ii, -itus, [praeter- eo], irr. v. a. and n., go by, pass by, pass over. - praeteritus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., past. -ESP. N. plur., praeterita, the past (cf. "bygones ").

praeteritus, -a, -urn, p. p. of prae- tereo.

praetermittb, -mittere, -misi, -missus, [praeter-mitto], 3. v. a., l e t go by, let slip, omit, negYerf.

praeterquam [praeter-quam], con- junctive adv., except, besides.

praetor, -t6ris, [prae-t itor, (I, go + tor)], M., (a leader), a commander. -ESP., a prefor, one of a class of magistrates at Rome. I n early times two had judicial powers and the others regular commands abroad. Later all during their year of office had judicial powers, but like the

duty).

prae tanus rzr priviith

consuls (who were originally called praetors) they had a year abroad as propraetors : legatus pro praetore (lieutenant in command, acting as a praetor).

praetdrius, -a, -urn, [praetor- -I- ius], adj., of a pr&or (in all its senses) ; praetoria cohors, the body guard, of a commander (see praetor).

praeiirti, -%ere, -8ssi, -fistus, [praeuro], 3. v. a., burn a t tAe end (in front) ; praeustae sudes (durnt at the point, to harden them).

praefistus, -a, -urn, p. p. of prae- UTO.

praevertb, -vertere, -verti, -versus, [prae-verto, twn], 3. v. a,, anticipate, forestall, a#tend to first.

priivus, -a, -urn, [?I, adj., crooked. - Fig., wrons, vicious.

premti, premere, pressi, pressus, E?], 3. v. a,, press. - Esp., press hard, attack/;evcely, harass, oppress : se ipsi, crowd, impede, enibarrass each other.

prendb (prehendo), prendere, prendi, prEnsus, [prae- t hendo], 3. v. a., seize (against some one else I), seise (generally), take, grasp.

pretium, -i, E?], N., a price, cost, vaZue.

t prex, precis (dat., acc., and abl. only ; plur. entire), [?I, F., aprayer, an entreaty, an imprecation.

pridi6 [loc. of st. of pro (prae?) -die, cf. postridie], adv., the day before.

primipilus [prim6-pilus], M., the /Erst cenfurion. See centurio and pilus.

prim5 [abl. of primus], adv., at 3rd (opposed to ajtemards, cf. prinym).

primum [acc. of primus], adv., first (in order of incidents, opposed to next, etc.), in thejrstplace: cum primum, as soon as; quam primum, as soon as possible.

primus, -a, -urn, see prior. princeps, -ipis, [prim& (reduced)

-t ceps (CAP as st.)], adj., (taking the Zead),first, chieJ foremost: principes belli inferendi (leaders in, etc.) ; locus (chieft hzghest) ; ea princeps persolvit (was the j r s t to). - Often as noun, leading man, leader, chief man, chief: legationis (head).

principiitus, -tfis, [princip- t atus, cf. consuIatus], M., foretnostposih'on, first place, highest place, the lead (in power and influence among states), leadersAip.

prior, -us, -6ris, [compar. of st. of pro], adj., former, bdore: priores, those in front; non priores inferre (not the /Erst to, etc.). -prius, N. as adv., before (see also priusquam). - primus, -a, -urn, superl., first: agmen (front) ; primos civitatis (the best men) ; a prima obsidione, from the beginning of the siege : in primis, espe&Z@,- See primo and primum.

pristinus, -a, -urn, [prius-tinus, cf. diutinus], adj., (of former timcs), oZd,fomier: pristinus dies, the day before.

prius, see prior. priusquam [prius-quam], coni.

adv., earher than, dejore. Often separated.

privatim [as if acc. of t priva-

tis (privg- 4- tis)], adv., private&, as private persons (opp. to magistratus): de suis privatim rebus (their own private .fairs); plus posse privatim (in their own name, opposed to official action).

privstus, -a, -um, [p. p. of privo, deprive], adj., (destitute of official character), private, personal

prb [for prod, abl. of st. akin to prae, prior, etc.], adv. (in comp.) and prep. with abl., in front oft before. Hence, in place oft instead of; f o r , a, on behay of: nihil pro sano, nothing prudent; pro explorato, as- certained, as certain. - Also, in view oj; in accordance with, in proportion to, accordingto, considering, i n return for, for. - In comp., bdore, forth, away, for, down (as falling forward).

probltus, -a, a m , p. p. of probo. probb, -Hre, -%vi, &us, [proba-1,

I. v. a., (make good, j n d good), approve, fest, prave, s k m , be satigied with, favor (a plan), adopt (a measure).

prGcEd8, -cgdere, -cessi, -cessus, [pro-cedo], 3. v. n., go forward, advance, proceed: longius (go to a distance).

Procillus, -i, [Procula- + lus], M., a Roman family name. - See Vale- rius.

prbclinXtus, -a, -urn, p. p. of proclino.

prbclinb, -iire, -Lvi, -Itus, [proclino], I. v. a., (bend forward), thruw down : res proclinata (falZing, ruined).

prbc6nsu1, d i s , [pro-consul, on account of the phrase pro consule],

M., a proconsut, an ex-consul (during his term of service abroad).

procul [?, tproc&, “of l” (pro + cus) -I- lus (reduced, cf. simul)], adv., at a distance (uot necessarily great), at some distance, afar, from a far .

pr8cumb6, -cumbere, -cubui, no p. p., [pro-cumbo, l ie] , 3. v. n., faZZ (forward), faZZ (generally), sink down, Zie down (for rest), become lodged (of grain). - Less exactly, incZine, dope, lean.

prbciirb, 4re, -%vi, -%tus, [procure], I. v. a., care for, have charge oft attend to.

prijcurrb, -currere, -curri, (-cucurri), -cursfirus, [pro-curro], 3. v. n., rzin forward, charge, rush out.

prbdeb, -ire, -ivi (-ii), -itus, [prod (see pro) -eo], irr. v. n., go forth, come forth, come out, go forward: longius (go to any distance).

prbdesse, see prijsum. prbditib, -6nis, [pro-tditio, cf.

prodo], IC., (a giving away), treason, treachery.

prbditor, -taris, [pro-dator (cf. proao)], M., a traitor, a 6etYayer.

prbditus, -a, -um, p. p. of prodo. prbd6, -dew, -didi, ditus, [pro-

do], 3. v. a., (give f o rnard ) , she forth, pudlish, betray (give away), transmit, hand down : memoriam (preserve, by handing down to posterity); memoria proditum, toZd in tradition, handed down.

prbdacb, -dficere, -dfixi, -ductus, [pro-duco], 3. v. a., Zead forth, Zead out, bring out (iumenta), draw u j (troops). -Fig., protract, jroZotig.

pr6ductus, -a, -urn, p. p. of pro-

proelior, &i, -iitus, [proeli&], I. v. dep.,/fght (in war).

proelium, -i, [?I, N., a battle (a single encounter, great or small), a contest, an engagement, a general engagement, a skirmish : committere (engage, join baattZe, risk a battle, begin an engagement, begin the

profecfiij, -cnis, [pro-facti0 (13. proficiscor)], F., a setting out, a departure, retreat (the special idea coming from the context), starting, evacuation.

prijfectus, -a, -urn, p. p. of proficio.

pr5fectus, -a, -urn, p. p. of proficiscor.

prijferij, -ferre, -tuli, -1?itus, [pro- fero], irr. v. a., 6ring forth, bring out.

prijficiij, &ere, -fEci, -fectiirus, [pro-facio], 3. v. n., (make way for- wurd), advance (cf. proficiscor). - Fig., gain advantage ( I ‘ get on ”), gain (much or little), accomplish (something): satis ad laudem pro- fectum est, enough has been done for glory; ad pacem parum pro- ilci, not much was doing towards peace ; plus multitudine telorum pro- ficere (kave the advantage in).

proficiscor, -ficisci, -fectus, [pro- tfaciscor (cf. proficio)], 3. v. dep., (make way forward). - Esp., start,

. Zeave, depart, set out, withdraw, march aut, go out, come out, saiZ out: quo proilciscimur, whither we are gohg; unde erant profecti, whence

auto.

fight*$ght).

they had come; ad proflciscendum pertinere (to ajourney, etc.).

profiteor, -fiteri, -fessus, [pro- fateor, confess], 2. v. dep., decZare $ubZic@: Be (ofer one’s seZJ volunteer as, decZare one’s self).

prijfligatus, -a, -urn, p. p. of pro- fligo.

prijfligci, -Hre, -?ivi, -iitus, [tpro- fligb (pro-tfligus, FLIG + us)], I. v. a,, (dash to the ground).-Esp., pu t to rout, rout.

prijfluij, -fluere, -Aiixi, no. p. p., [pro-fluo], 3. v. n . , j o w forth, rise.

profugiij, -fugere, -fiigi, -fugitiirus, [pro-fugio], 3. v. n., j e e forth, flee, escape, make one’s escape.

prijgdtus, -a, -urn, [pro-(g)natus], p. p. as adj., syrung from : prognati ex, descendants of:

prijgredior, -gredi, -gressus, [pro- gradior, st@, go], 3. v. dep., go forward, march forward, march out, come out. - Also, fig., proceed, go : amentia longius (go).

prijgressus, -a, -urn, p. p. of pro- gredior.

prohibeij, -hibEre, -hibui, -hibitus, [pro-habeo], 2. v. a., &old o& Keep o s repeZ, stoj, prevent, restrain, hinder from, forbid.-Also (by a change of relation of the two things concerned), protect: aliquem ab omni militum iniuria (keeping one protected from the assailant).

prohibitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of pro- hibeo.

prciiciij, -icere, -iEci, -iectus, [pro- iacio], 3. v. a., throw forward, throw away, cast (down, cf. pro), abandon: aquilam intra vallum (throw over);

proinde 124 propter

proiectae, casting themselves; Be ex navi (Zeap).

proinde [pro-inde], a h . , (from there forward), therefore, hence.

prijmin8nsJ -entis, p. of promineo.

prBmine8, -minEre, -minui, no p. p., [pro-tmineo (cf. minor, project)], 2. v. n., lean forward, Zean over.

prijmiscue [old case-form of pro- miscuus], adv., in common.

priimissus, -a, -urn, p. p. of pro- mitto.

prijmittii, -mittere, -misi, -missus, [pro-mitto], 3. v. a., (letgo fornai-d), let g y m (of the hair) : promisso ca- pill0 sunt, they wear long hair.

priimijtus, -a, -um, p. p. of pro- moveo.

prijmoveii, -movEre, -m6vi, -matus, [pro-moveo], 2. v. a., move fornard, advance, push forward.

pramptus, -a, -urn, [p. p. of promo, bring forth], as adj., (Oaken out of the store ready for distribution), ready, quick, active.

priimunturium, (-mon-), -i, [akin to promineo], N., a headland.

pr6nZ [old case-form of pronus, leaning], adv., with a slope.

priinimtiii, -Ere, -Hvi, -Stus, [pro- nuntio], I. v. a., (publish forth), make known, communicate, declare, give orders, make proclamation.

prope [?, akin to pro, cf. procul and proximus], adv. and prep. with acc., near. -Fig., aZmost, nearly. - Compar., propius, nearer: propius tumulum (as prep.). - Superl., prox- imS, la&@, last.

prijpellii, -pellere, puli, -pulsus, [pro-pello], 3. v. a., drive away (cf. pro), repulse, rout, dislodge, force back (changing the point of view).

propera, -Sre, I v i , -Htus, [pro- perti-, quick], I. v. a. and n., hasten, l e in haste, make haste.

propinquitSs, -t%ttis, [propinqu6- 4- tas], F., vicini&, a being near, a position near : propinquitates fluminum (positions near, etc.). - Esp., nearness in blood, relationsht$, a reZation (by blood).

propinquus, -a, -urn, [st. akin to prope (or case-form) -I- cus], adj., m a r at hnnd, near. - Esp. by blood, related. - As noun in plur., relatives.

propior, -us, -6ris, [compar. of st. of prope], adj., nearer. -proximus, superl. (of st. tproc&, cf. procul), nearest, next, nezghboring : bellum (lost). - With force of prep. (cf. prope) : proximi Rhenum, nearest the Rhine.

priip6n6, -p6nere, -posui, -positus, [pro-pono], 3. v. a., pZace before, set before, Zay bcfore : vexillum (hang out). - Less exactly, ofleer, put in the way, present (difficulty), make known, state, represent.

priipositus, -a, -urn, p. p. of pro- pono.

proprius, -a, a m , [?, akin to prope?], adj., of one’s own: fines (particuZar) ; hoc proprinm virtutis (a peculiarproperty, a mark).

propter [prope -I- ter, cf. aliter, praeter], adv. and prep. with ace., near by. - Also, on account of (cf. ‘‘ all along of ”).

propterel [propter-ea (prob. abl. or instr. of is)], adv., on this account.- With quod, because, inasmuch as.

prijpiignritor, -t6ris, [pro-pug- nator (cf. propugno)], M., a defender.

prijpiignb, -Ere, -%vi, -8tfirus, [propugno], I. v. n., (rush /orward to &ht, or f g h t in front), rush out (fighting), discharge missiles (ex silvis).

prijpulsp, I r e , -Evi, -%us, [pro- pulso (cf. propello)], I. v. a., repel, keep of, drive OA defend one’s seZf against.

prijra, -ae, [Gr.], F., the prow (of a ship).

prijruij, -ruere, -rui, -rutus, [proruo], 3. v. a., dash duwn, overthrow, demolish.

prijrutus, -a, -um, p. p. of proruo. prbseciitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of pro-

sequor. prbsequor, -sequi, -sectitus, [pro-

sequor], 3. v. dep., pursue, follow (on one’s way), escort.- Fig. (from escorting), address, take leave of one (with some kind of attention).

prbspectus, -tfis, [pro-spectus (cf. prospicio)], M., butlook, view : in prospectu, in szghf ; prospectu tene- bris adempto, the view cut of by the darkness.

prbspiciij, -spicere, -sp6xi, -spectus, [pro-tspecio], 3. v. a., look forward, look out. - Fig., provide for, take care, look out.

prijsternij, -sternere, -str%vi, -strE- tus, [pro-sterno], 3. v. a., dash to the ground, overthrow (lit. and fig.).

prbsum, prijdesse, prijfui, pr6fu- tiirus, [pro(d)-sum], irr. v. n., b e j m the aa’vanfage oJ benefit: quod alicui prodest, by which oneprojts.

prijtegb, -tegere, -tExi, -tEctus, [pro-tego], 3. v. a., (cover in front), protect, cover.

prbterreij, -terrEre, -terrui, -territus, [pro-terreo], 2. v. a., frzghkn away, drive away in frighf.

prijterritus, -a, -urn, p. p. of pro- terreo.

prbtinus (-tenus), [pro-tenus, as far as], adv., forward, strakht on. Hence, straightway, forthwith, at once, instant4 (keeping right on).

prijturbritus, -a, -um, p. p. of pro- turbo.

prijturbb, -Hre, -Hvi, -Stus, [pro- turbo, disturb], I. v. a., drive in confusion, drive 08, dislodge.

prbvectua, -a, -urn, p. p. of pro- veho.

prijvehb, -vehere, -vExi, -vectus, [pro-veho], 3. v. a., carry forward. - In pass., be carried forfh, sail out, sef sail: leni Africo provectus (sail wifh, be driven by).

prbveni6, -venire, -veni, -ventfirus, [pro-venire], 4. v. n., come forward. - Esp. of fruits, come up, grow.

prijventus, -tiis, [pro-tventus, cf. eventus and provenio], M., an issue (a coming forth), success, a result.

prijvideij, -videre, -vidi, -visus, [pro-video], 2. v. a,, foresze, see befo~e- hand, take care, mafie provision, provide, arrange befrehakd: satis est provisam, suHcient provision Aas been made.

pravincia, -ae, [tprovincli- (vinc-

pr6vlnciHlie I 26 Pull6

as root of vinco (conquer) + us) + ia], F., (office of one extending the frontier by conquest in the field), o#ce (of a commander or governor), aprovince (in general), a function. - Trausf., a province (governed by a Roman magistrate). - Esp., The Province (of Gaul) ; so with nostra, ulterior, citerior (the province, as opposed to the unconquered parts of Gaul).

pr6vinciPlis, -e, [provincia- + lis], adj., of a province. - Esp., o j the province (of Gaul).

provisus, -a, -um, p. p. of pro- video.

pr6vol6, -?ire, -%vi, -Itfirus, [pro- volo], I . v. n., fyforth. - Less exactly, rush forth, rush out, Jy out (of cavalry, etc.).

proxims, see prope. proximus, see propior. prkdentia, -ae, [prudent-, foresee-

ing, + ia], F., foresight, discretion. PtiHnii, -6rum, [Celtic], M. plur.,

a people of Aquitania. piib6s (piiber), -eris, [?, prob,

same root as puer], adj., ndztlt.- Plur. as noun, aduZts, grown men, young men of age.

pkb l id [old case-form of publicus], adv., pubZicly, in the name of the state, as a state, on behau of the state : publice iurare (for the people, malting the oath bind them).

piiblic6, -?ire, -%vi, -?itus, [public&], I . v. a., (make beZong to the peopZe), conjscate.

piiblicus, -a, -urn, [populi- + cus], adj., of thepeople (as a state), of the state, public: consilium (a

state measure, a $&ic measure, action by the state, action by geiteral consent) ; res publica, the common- wcaW, the stnte, the interests of state, public busiriess ; relatis in publicum cornibus ($ublich displayed) ; muli- eres in publicum procurrere (abroad into the streets).

Pkblius, -I, [prob. populi- 4- ius, cf. publicus], M., a Roman praeno- men.

pudet, pudEre, puduit (puditum est), [?I, 2. v. impers., (it shames), oize is ashamed (translating the ac- cusative as subject).

pudor, -6ris9 [PUD (in pudet) + or], M., shame, a sense of shame, n seme of honor.

puer, -i, [?I, M., a boy. - Plur., children (of either sex) ; a pueris, f rom childhood.

puerilis, -e, [puerti- (reduced) 4- ilis], adj., of a chizd: aetas (of

pfigna, -ae, [PUG (in pugno) + na], F., a jght (less formal than proelium) : ad pugnam, fo+ jght- iizg; genus pugnae (ofjghting).

piign6, -%re, -%vi, -Htus, [pugna-1, I . v. n.,jght,erLgage. - Oftenimpers. in pass., pugnatum est, etc., an eizgagement took place, they fought, the 3ghti.g continued. - Esp. : p u g nandi potestatem fecit, ofered battZe; pugnantes, those mgaged.

pulcher, -clira, -thrum, [?I, adj., Gmutt+Z, Anndsawe, fine. - Fig., $fie, noblc, spleiidid.

Pu116, -6nis, [?I, M., a Roman family name. - Esp., Titus PuZZo, a ceuturion in Caesar's army.

c~izdhooa).

pulsus, -a, -um, p. p. of pello. pulsus, -as, [PEL (in pello) +

tus], M., a stroke, a beat: pulsu remorum praestare (the working, etc.).

pulvis, -eris, [?I, M., dust. puppis, -is, [?I, P., the stern. pnrgiitus, -a, -um, p. p. of pur-

go. pixgb, -%e, -Hvi, -Htus, [tpurigb

(pur&+ tagus, cf. ago)], I . v. a.,

Q., for Quintus. q u l [abl. or instr. (?) of qui], rel.

adv., by which (way), where. quadraghi , -Be, -a, [quadraginta

(reduced) + nus], distrib. num. adj., forw each, forw (each ofteaomitted in Eng.).

quadriigintl [akin to quattuor], indecl. num. adj., for&.

quadringenti, -ae, -a, [akin to quattuor], num. adj., four hundred.

quaerb, quaerere, quaesivi, quae- situs, [?, with r for original 81, 3. v. a., search for, look for, inquire about, inquire, ask: eadem (make the same inquiries).

quaestib, -6nis, [quaes (as root of quaero) + tio], F., an investigation : habere de aliquo (examine, as wit- nesses, usually by torture).

quaestor, -ttiris, [quaes (as root of quaero) + tor], M., (investigator, or acquirer, perh. both). - Esp., a pucestor (the Roman officer who had charge of the finances of an army).

quaestus, -tiis, [quaes (as root of quaero) + tus], M., acquisition.

quilis, -e, [qui- (st. of quis) +

Q

dean, clear. - Fig., excuse, exoner- ate, free from suspicion, excuZpate.

putb, -Hre, -Hvi, piitus, [put& (st. of putus, clean)], I . v. a., clean up, clear up. - Esp. : rationes (clear up accounts). Hence alone, reckon, think, suppose.

PjkrBnaeus, -a, -um, [?I, adj., only with montes, the Pyrenees mountains, between France and Spain.

ah], inter. adj., of what sort? qualis ascensus (what is the nature of? etc.).

quam [case-form of quis and qui, cf. tam, nam], adv. and conj.: I . In- terrog., how?-z. Rel., as, than: praeferrequam (ratherthan). -Often with superlatives, as much aspossible: quam maximus, the greatestpossible; quam maxime, very much. - See also postquam, posteaquam, priusquam (often separated), which are best translated by a single word, omitting the relative part, according to the common English idiom.

quamdia (often written sepa- rately), adv. (see diu) : I . Interrog., how long?- 2 . Rel., as long, as long as (with antecedent omitted).

quam ob rem (often found together), adv. phrase: I . Interrog., why? - 2 . Rel., on which account, for which reason.

quamvis [quam vis], adv., asyou please, however, no matter how.

quandb [quam + unc. case-form akin to de], adv., at any time: si quando, ifever, whenever.

quautb, see quantus.

.

quantus 128 quidem

quantus, -a, -um, [prob. for ka- (root of qua) + vant + us], adj.: I. Interrog., howgreat? how much? quantum boni, how much good? quantae civitates (how imjortilnt ?). - 2. Relative, as great as, as much as: tantum . . . quantum, so much . . . as; so quanta . . . tanta pecunia.

quantusvis, -avis, -umvis, [quantus-vis (from volo)], however great, as great as you pZeasc.

quZ r-5, adv. phrase, by which thing, wherefore, therefore, on account of which (circumstance, etc.), why. - The relative and interrogative senses are not always distin- guishable ; neque commissum qua re, nothing had deeit done for which, etc.; res hortabantur qua re, etc. (many i-easons for doing so urged, etc., to).

quartus, -a, -um, [quattuor- (reduced) + tus], num. adj ., fourth : quartus decimus, fourteeizth.

quasi [quam (or qui) -si], conj., as if: quasi vero, as if forsooth (ironical).

quattuor [?, reduced pl.], indecl. num. adj., four.

quattuordecim [quattuor-decem], indecl. num. adj.,fourteen.

-que [unc. case-form of qui], (always appended to the word or to some part of the phrase which it connects), conj., and. - Sometimes connecting the general with the particular, and in generaZ, and other.

quem ad modum, phrase as adv., how, just as, as.

queror, qued, questus, [?, with r for original a], 3. v. dep., com#ain,

eompZain oJ find fault , j n d fault with, bewail, lament.

questus, -a, -nm, p. p. of queror. qui, quae, quod, caius, [prob. qu& + i (demon.)], rel. pron., who,

which, that.- Often where a demon. is used in Eng., this, that.- Often implying an antecedent, Re who, etc. : ea quae, things which, whatever; qua de causa, for this reason ; qui patebant (though they, etc.) ; qui videant, meti to see, scouts; qui, and they; habere sese quae, with subjv. (somethiizfto, etc.) ; quipotuis- sent (men who) ; qui postularent, to demand; haec esse quae, this was what; qui faceret, in that he, etc.; paucis diebus quibus (after) ; idem quod, the same as.-qu6, abl. of degree of difference as adv., the (more, less, etc.). - See also quis, quod, 2 quo, and 3 quo.

quicquam, see quisquam. quicumque, quae-, quod-, [qui-

cumque (cf. quisque)], indef. rel. pron., whoever, whichever, whatever.

quidam, quae-, quod- (quid-), [qui-dam (case of DA, cf. nam, tam)], indef. adj. pron., a (possibly known, but not identified), a certain, certain, a kind of (referred to as belonging to the class, but not exactly the thing spoken of) : arti- ficio quodam, a kind of trick; quidam ex militibus (one).

quidem [unc. case-form of qui + dem (fr. DA, cf. tandem, idem)], adv., giving emphasis, but with no regular English equivalent : ne . . . quidem, no t . . . even, n o t . . . e i t h ; vestrae quidem certe, yours at kat,

qui& 129 quisquia

with emphasis ; si quidem, i f a t Zeast, in so f a r as, since.

qui&, &is, [qui& (st. of quiesco, keep guiet) + tis (reduced)] F., rest, deep, repose.

quictus, -a, -urn, [qui& (st. of quiesco, cf. quies) + tus], p. p. as adj., at rest, guiet, peaceable, settled, at peace, free f r m disturbance.

quin [qui (abl. or instr. of qui) + ne], conj., interrog., how not? and rel., by which not: quin etiam, nay even, inftrct. -After negative verbs of hindrance and doubt, so but that, Jut that, that, from (doing a thing), to (do a thing) i non dubito quin, 1 doubt not that; also, rarely, I do not hesitate to ; non aliter sentio quin, Z have no other idea than that; non exspecto quin, I do not delay doing, etc. ; nec abest ab eo quin, it is not farfrom beirrs the case that, etc.

quinam (quis-), quae-, quod- (quid-), ciiius-, [qui-nam], interr. pron., who? etc. (emph.) : quibusnam manibus (with whatpossible ? etc.).

quinciinx, -ancis, [quinque-uncia, ounce], F., (an arrangement of dots in the form marked on the five- ounce piece of copper, >: ), a pin- cunx: in quincuncem dispositis (in guincuncial or aztelernate order).

quindecim [quinque-decem], indecl. num. adj.,jfteen.

quingenti, -ae, -a, [quinque-cen- tun], num. adj. , jve hundred.

quini, -ae, -a, [quinque + nusIl distrib. num. adj.,jve at a time,$ve (at a time).

quinquHgintL [quinque + unc, st.], indecl. num. adj.,$f&.

quinque [?I, indecl. num. adj., five.

quintus, -a, -um, [quinque + tus]. num. adj.,jfth. - Esp. as a Roman pranonien (orig. the fifth-born ?).

Quintus, -i, see quintus. quis (qui), quae (qua), quid (quod),

ciiius [st. qui- and qu6-] : I . Interrog. adj. pron., who ? which 1 what?- 2.

Indef., one, any one, any thing: ne quid, that nothing; ubi quis, when any one ; si quis, ifaizy one.

quisnam, see quinam. quispiam, quae-, quid- (quod-),

ciiius-, [quis-piam (pe-iam, cf. quippe, nempe)], indef. adj. pron., any, any one, any thing.

quisquam, no fem., quid- (quic-)l ciiius-, [quia-quam], indef. pron. used substantively (cf. ullus), only with negatives and words implying a negative, making a universal negative, any one, anything. -As adj., any.

quisque, quae-, quid- (quod-), ciiius-, [puis-que], indef. adj. pron. (distrib. universal), each, each one, every. -- Esp. with superlatives, implying that things are taken in the order of their quality : nobilissimus quisque, a22 the noblest, one after the other in the order of their nobility ; antiquissimum quodque tempus, the most ancient times in their order; decimus quisque, every tenth, the tenth part of, one in ten.- With ut, and ita, a proportion is indicated, in proportion as . . . $0,

the more . . . the more. quisquis, quaequae, quicquid

(quidquid), cuiuscuius, [quis,

quivis 130 mti6

doubled], indef. rel. pron., whoever, Whatever, every one who, all who.

quivis, quae-, quid- (quod-), cuius-, [qui-vis], indef. adj. pron., who you please, any one, any whatever (affirmative), any (whatever).

I. qu6, see qui. 2. qub [old dat. of qui], adv.:

I . Interrog., whither? - 2 . Rei., whither, into which, as f a r as (Le. to what end) : quo intrare (which) ; habere quo (have any place to go fo, or the like). - 3. Indef., anywhere.

3. qu6 [abl. of qui], as conj., in order that (with comparatives), that: magis eo quam quo (than that, than because). - Esp., qu6 minus, that not, so that not : recusare quominus, refuse to.

quoad [quo-ad], conj., (up to which point), as f a r as, until, as long as.

quod [N. of qui], conj., (as to which), because, inasmuch as, in that, as f o r the fact that, the fact thd, that, as f o r (with clause ex-

R

radix, -icis, [?I, F., a root. - Plur., the roots (of a tree), the foot (of a mountain).

rXd6, rldere, r%i, riisus, [?I, 3. v. a., shave, scrape.

ramus, -i, [?I, M., a branch, a bough, a prong (of antlers).

rapiditls, -tiitis, [rapid& + tas], P., swiftness, rapidity.

rapina, -ae, [rapi- (as if st. of rapio, seize) + na ( F . of -nus)], F., plunder. - Plur., plundering.

pressing the action) : quod si, now if, but if:

qu6 minus, see 3 quo. quoniam [quom (cum) -iam],

conj., (when now), ikasmuch as, since, as, seeing that.

quoque [?I, conj., following the word it affects, (by all means?), also, as weZl. Cf. etiam (usually preceding).

qutique, see quisque. quijque, quo with enclitic. quaqueversus, see versus. quot [akin to quis], adj. pron.

indecl.: I. Interrog., Lou, ma9y?- 2. Rel., as many, as many as (with implied antecedent), the number which.

quotannis [quot-annis], adv., (as many years as there are), every year, year&.

quotiens [quot + iens, cf. quin- quiens], adv.: I . Interrog., how often ? how many times?- 2. Rel., as often, as often as (with implied antecedent).

rlrus, -a, -urn, [?I, adj., thin, scattered, singly, in smnll bodies (of soldiers), a f ew at a tznre, few (as being wide apart).

riisus, -a, -urn, p. p. of rado. rati6, -6nis, [trati- (ra, in reor,

-t ti) + 01, F., a reckoning, an account, a ro2Z. - Also, cakulation, reason, prudence, terms, a plan, science (or art, or Knowled&, as sys- tematic), a reason (as consisting in a calculation), a manner, a method,

ratis 1 3 1 reclis6

a consideration : rationem habere, take an account, take account ofi have regard to, take into consideration, take measures, take care ofi a mercantile term, cf. account; rei mili- tans (art, also nature) ; omnibus rationibus, in aZZ ways, in a l l respects ; proeli (character) ; reposcere (demand a n account, make one re- sponsibze) ; rationem habere ut, take cure that, etc. ; rationem habere frumentandi (take measures for , etc.).

ratis, -is, [?I, F., a raft. Rauraci, -6rum, [Celtic], M. plur.,

a tribe on the upper Rhine. re-, red-, [abl. of unc. st. perh.

akin to -rus], insep. prep., back, again, away, out, an-.-ESP. implying a giving or taking something which is due, or which creates an obligation by the taking, see recipio, refero.

rebelli6, -6nis, [rebelli- + 03, F., 3 renewaZ of war, an zlprising, a rebelZion.

Rebilus, -i, [?I, M., a Roman family name. - See Caninius.

recld6, -cSdere, -cessi, -cessihs, [re-cedo], 3. v. n., make way back, retire, withdraw.

reclns, -entis, [prob. p. of lost verb treceo, be back, (cf. recipero)], adj., (?, j zcst coming back?), new, fresh, Zate.

rechse6, -cSnsEre, -cEnsui, -cEn- SUS, [re-censeo, estimate], 2. v. a., review, inspect (of troops).

receptkulum, -i, [recepts- f culum], N., a retreat, a place cf refuge.

receptus, -a, -urn, p. p. of recipio.

receptus, -tiis, [re-captas, cf. recipio], M., a retreat, a way of retreat, a refuge: receptui canere, t o sound a retreat.

recessus, -sib, [re-tcessus (cf. recedo)], M., a retreat: recessum dare (u chance to retreat).

recidij, -cidere, -cidi, -c%siirus, [re-cado], 3. v. n., f a l l again, fa l l back, f a l l upon (one after some one else).

recipi6, -cipere, -c&pi, -ceptus, [re-capio], 3. v. a,, take back, get back, recover, take in, receive, admit: misericordiam (admit o f ) ; tela recipi, be exposed to missiles; ad se (attack). - With reflexive, retreat,

f ly , return, retire, get of, withd~aw, resort : se ad aliquem (raZCy on).

recit6, -%re, -%vi, -%tus, [re-cito], I. v. a., read (aloud).

reclinltus, -a, -um, p. p. of r e cline.

reclin6, -%re, -Hvi, -Htus, [re- cline], I . v. a. and n., Zean back, lean over, Zean : reclinatus, Zeaning.

rEctl [old case-form of rectus], adv., straight, right, right&: recte factum, a good action.

rlctus, -a, a m , [p. p. of rego], adj., (directed), strakht: recta regione, in a strajght direction, paral- Zel with.

recupere (-cip-), I r e , -Hvi, -Stus, [treciper&, from rec6- (cf. recens) + parus (cf. pario)], I. v. a., get back, recover, regain.

reciis6, -%re, -%vi, -Etus, [re-tcauso (cf. excuso)], I. v. a. and n., (give an excuse f o r drawing back), refuse, rejkct, rejudiate, object to; abs., make

r8da 132 r8gnum

o6jEctions: de stipendio (refuse to pay, etc.) ; quin (refuse to); quominus (refuse to) ; periculum (refuse to incur).

rZda (rhZda), -ae, [perh. Celtic form akin to rota], F., a wagoiz (with four wheels).

redgctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of redigo. redditus, -a, -um, p. p. of reddo. redab, -dere, -didi, -ditus, [re

(red) -do], 3. v. a,, give back, restore, pay (something due, cf. re), render: supplicatio (ofer).

redemptus, -a, -urn, p. p. of re- dimo.

rede6, -ire, -ii (-ivi), -itfirus, [re- (red-) -eo], irr. v. n., go back, return, come down again (collis ad plani- tiem) : eodem unde redierat (come) ; summa (be referred).

redig6, -igere, -Egi, -Ictus, [re- (red-j ago], 3. v. a., bring back, reduce, render, bring (sub imperium Galliam), make (one. thing out of another).

redimb, -imere, -Emi, -Bmptus, [re- (red-) emo], 3. v. a., buy back, redeem, purchase, buy.

redintegritus, -a, -urn, p. p. of redintegro .

redintegr6, &e, -%vi, -?itus, [re- (red-) integro], I . v. a., renew (again), restore, revive (spem).

rediti6, -Bnis, [red-titi0 (cf. redeo)], F., a return.

reditus, -tiis, [re- (rea-) titus], M., a return.

Redones, -urn, [Celtic], M. plur., a tribe of Brittany.

rediic6, -diicere, -diixi, -ductus, [reduco], 3. v. a., Zead back, bring

back, draw bad, draw in, extend back.

refectus, -a, -urn, p. p. of r e ficio.

refer6, -ferre, -ttuli, -1Htus, [refer~], irr. v. a., briltg back, return, bring (where something belongs), report. - Esp. : ad senatum (Zay before for action) ; de re publica (GOB-

suZt in regard to) ; gratiam (make return, show one's gratitude) ; pedem (retreat, draw back).

reficiij, &cere, -fEci, -fectus, [re- facio], irr. v. a., repair, refresh: se ex labore (rest) ; exercitum (aZZozq to recover).

refriictus, -a, -urn, p. p. of re- fringo.

refring6, -fringere, -frEgi, -friictus, [re-frango], 3. v. a., break away, break in (portas): vim fluminis (break, opposite to its direction).

refugiij, -fugere, -fa@, -fugitZrus, [re-fugio], 3. v. n., ru~z a w q , escape.

RBgInus, 4, [akin to rex], M.,

a Roman family name. - See An- tistius.

regi6, -h i s , [REG + io, but cf. ratio], F., a direction, apar t (of the country, etc.), a region, a country, a district: recta regione, straight, aZoug, parallel; e regione, mer against, jus t opposite.

rsgius, -a, .urn, [reg- + ius], adj., of a kiizg, re&, royal.

rEgn6, -iire, -Ivi, -HtZrus, [regna-1, I . v. n., 71&, bein power, reign.

rEgnum, -i, [REG + num (N. of -nus)], N., a kingdom, royal power, a throne. - Plur., the royal powti (of several cases).

reg5 I 3 3 reni5nti6

regb, regere, rExi, rEctus, [akin to rex], 3. v. a., direct, manage, rule, have control oJ:

rCici6, -icere, -hi , -iectus, [reiacio], 3. v. a., throw back, hurl back, drive bad, throw away, drive 03

rgiectus, -a, -um, p. p. of reicio. relangulsc6, -languEscere, -langui,

no p. p., [re-languesco], 3. v. n., languish away, be relaxed, be weakened, be deadened.

reliitus, -a, -um, p. p. of refero. relggiitus, -a, -um, p. p. of relego. relCgb, -Hre, -Lvi, -%tus, [re-Ego,

relictus, -a, -um, p. p. of relinquo. religi6, - h i s , [?, re-legio (cf.

religo)], F., (the original meaning unc.), a religious scruple, a re- ligiaus observance, the service of the gods, a superstition, a supersti- tious terror, religion. - Plur., religious matters (of all kinds).

relinqu6, -linquere, -liqui, -lictus, [re-linquo], 3. v. a., leaue jehind, leave, abandon : obsidionem (raise). -Pass., be left, remain.

reliquus, -a, -um, [re-tliquus (LIQ (leave) + us)], adj., left, remaining, the rest, the other, other (meaning all other),the others, all other, future (of time), remaining: nihil est reliqui, there i s nothing left; nihil ad celeritatem sibi reliqui fecerunt, made the greatest jossible speed.

remaneij, -manere, -mHnsi, -mHnsii- rus, [re-maneo], 2. v. n., remain behind, remain, stay.

rlmex, -igis, [remb with unc. term. (perh. tagus)], M., an oars- man, a rower.

depute], I. v. a,, renwve, separate.

RCmi, -tirum, [Celtic], M. plur., a tribe of the Belgae about Rheims, which was their capital.

rgmigij, -%re, -ivi, -Htiirus, [re- mig-], I. v. n., row.

remigrij, &e, -Hvi, -Htfirus, [re- migro], I. v. n., move back, return.

reminiscor, -minisci, [re-tminis- cor (MAN, in memini, + isco)], 3. v. dep., remember.

remissus, -a, a m , p. p. of re- mitto.

remittb, -mittere, -misi, -missus, [re-mitto], 3. v. a,, let go back, send back, throw back. - Fig., relax, cease to use, give up : remissioribus fri- goribus (Zess intense).

remollCscb, -mollEscere, no perf., no p. p., [remollesco], 3. v. n., softeen away, soften, become feeble.

rembtus, -a, -um, p. p. of re- moveo.

removeb, -movEre, -m5vi, -m6tus, [re-moveo], 2. v. a,, move back, move away, send away, remuuc, draw away, get out of fhe way. - remotus, -a, -um, p. p. as adj., f a r away, remote.

remiineror, -?iri, -?itus, [re-mu- nerol, I. v. dep., rejay, requite.

RCmus, ,-i, [?I, M., one of the Remi.

rlmus, -i, [?I, M., an oar. rlnij, -6nis, [?I, M., a skin, apelt. renovb, -Hre, -%vi, -Stus, [re-novo,

fr. novus, new], I. v. a., yenew. reniintiltus, -a, -um, p. p. of re-

nuntio. reniinti6, -Zre, -Hvi, -stus, [re-

nuntio], I. v. a., bring back word, report, proclaim.

repel15 I34 r5a

repell6, -pellere, -ppuli, -pulsus, [re-pello], 3. v. a., drive back, re$el, repulse: ab hac spe repulsi, disappointed in this hope.

repente [?I, adv., suddenly. repentinus, -a, -urn, [repente +

inus], adj., sudden, hasty. -repen- ting, abl. as adv., suddenly.

reperiij, reperire, repperi, repertus, [re- (red-) pario], 4. v. a., j n d out, discover, j n d (by inquiry, cf. invenio) : reperti sunt multi, there were many.

repertus, -a, -urn, p. p. of reperio.

repetij, -petere, -petivi, -petitus, [re-peto], 3. v. a., try to get back, demand back, ask for: poenas (in- j i c t , exact, cf. sumo).

repleg, -plEre, - p h i , -plEtus, [repleo], 2. v. a. , j l l up, supply well.

replltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of repleo. report6, -%re, -%vi, -%tus, [re-

port~], I. v. a., carry back. reposc6, -poscere, no perf., no p. p.,

[re-posco], 3. v. a,, demand back, demand (something due).

repraesent6, -%re, -%vi, -%tus, [re- praesento], I. v. a., make present, do at once.

reprehenag, -hendere, -hendi, -hEnsus, [reprehendo], 3. v. a., drag back, seize hold of, f ind fau l t with, blame, censure.

repressus, -a, -urn, p. p. of re- primo.

reprimg, -primere, -pressi, -pressus, [re-premo], 3. v. a., check.

repudig, -%re, -%vi, -%tus, [repudii-1, I . v. a., (spurn with the feet, cf. tri- pudium), spurn, refuse, rqect.

repiign6, -tire, -%vi, -titus, [re- pugno, j g h t ] , I. v. n., resist. - Fig., be in opposition.

repulsus, -a, -um, p. p. of repello. requirg, -quirere, -quisivi, quisitus,

[re-qnaero], 3. v. a., search out. Hence, repuest, repuire, denrand, need.

rEs, rei, [akin to reor, reckon], F., property, busiizess, an afair, a matter, a thing (in the most general sense), a fact, a n occurrence, an event, a case, an action, a n act. - Often to be translated from the context: ob eam rem, for this reason; quam ob rem, for which reason, wherefore; his rebus, by these means, f o r these reasons, on this accozint; ea res, this, (often equivalent to a pronoun); qua in re, in which; eius rei, of this; his rebus cognitis (this) ; qua ex re futurnm, the result of which would be; huic rei, for this purpose, f o r this; alia re iurare (in any other way); nihil earum rerum quas, etc., nothing of what, etc.; sine certa re, without certain grounds ; omnibus rebus, in every respect, in all ways ; his omnibus rebus mum repugnabat (consid- erations, reasons, argunzeirts) ; quibus rebus occnrrendum esse (dangers) ; rem defene, lay the matter befre, not for consultation, bring informa- tiofz, cf. rem referre; rerum omnium casus, all accidents ; rem gerere, operate, conduct operations, in war, succeed well or ill ; his rebus gestis, after these operations, events ; male re gesta, want of success; rerum natura, nature, also, state of the case ;

rescind5 I35 retrah5

impeiitus rerum, ignorant of the world; omnium rerum summa (of the whole, of all the forces) ; ei rei student (this branch, cavalry) ; cuius rei, of which, ships. -ESP., the afzirs (of a person), posttion, interests, condition, fortunes, circumstances: Gallicis rebus favere (the interests of Gaul); rem esse in angusto (aJuir~, things) ; commutatio rerum, change of fortunes. - Esp. : res secundae, or adversae, success, prosperity, or udversity, want of success; res publica, the commonwealth, the state, the general interests, public business, polttics ; res communis, the common interest; de re publica, in regard to the welfare of the state, about politics ; res divinae, disine worsh@, and everything pertaining to it, religion; res familiaris, property; res militaris, warfare, the art of war; res frumentaria, grain szip- p&, grain; res alicui est, one has business with, has to do with, and the like ; one's a fa ir is; res est, it is a fact, it is so ; novae res, a new form of government, revolution.

rescindij, -scindere, -scidi, -scissus, [re-scindo], 3. v. a., cut away, tear down, break down, destvoy.

resciscb, -sciscere, -scivi, -witus, [re-scisco, inquire], 3. v. a.,jnd out, learn, discover.

rescrib6, -scribere, -scrips& -scriptus, [re-scribo, write], 3. v. a., trans- f e r (by writing).

reservgtus, -a, -um,p.p. of reservo. reservb, -%re, -%vi, -Itus, [re-servo],

I. v. a., Keep back, reserve, hold i n

resideb, -sidere, -sEdi, no p. p., (re-sedeo], 2. v. n., sit back, sit down, remain behind, remain.

resid6, -sidere, -sEdi, no p. p., [re-sido], 3. v. n., sink down, become *

calm, subside. resistij, -sistere, -stit& no p. p.,

[re-sisto], 3. v. n., stand back, stop, withstand, nzoke a stand, resist, remain.

respiciij, -spicere, -spexi, -spectus, [re-tspecio], 3. v. a. and n., look back, look back at, look behind one, see behind one, consider.

respondeb, -spondEre, -spondi, -spiinsus, [re-spondeo, promise], 2. v. n., rep&, answer.

respijnsum, -i, [N. p. p. of re- sponde~], N., a rep&. - Plur., a rep4 (of several parts).

rEs publica, see res. respub, -spuere, -spui, no p. p.,

[re-spuo], 3. v. a., spit out. -Fig.,

restinctus, -a, -um, p. p. of re- stinguo.

restinguii, -stinguere, -stinxi, -stinctus, [re-stinguo, quench], 3. v. a,, extinguish.

restitM,-stituere, -stitui, -stitfitus, [re-statuo], 3. v. a., set up again, re- place, restore, make anew.

restitutus, -a, -urn, p. p. of re- stituo.

retentus, -a, -urn, p. p. of retineo. retineij, -tinEre, -tinui, -tentus,

[re-teneo], 2. v. a., hold back, restrain, (quin, from doing something), detain, retain : memoriam (preserve) ; Gallos (arrest).

spurn, reject.

reserve. retrahij, -trahere, -trixi, -trHctus,

revel16 136 sacnlficium

Lre-traho], 3. v. a., drag dack, dring back (a person).

revell6, -vellere, -velli, -vuIsus, [re-vello, puZZ], 3. v. a., tear away,

reversus, -a -urn, p. p. of reverto. revertti, -vertere, -verti, -versus,

[re-verto], 3. v. n., return (in perf. tenses). - Pass. as deponent in pres. tenses, return, go back, come back.

revincia, -vincire, -vinxi, -vinctus, [re-vincio], 4. v. a., bind back (to something), make fast, fasten, bind.

revinctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of re- vincio.

revocLtus, -a, -urn, p. p. of revoco. revoc6, -Lre, -Hvi, -Htus, [re-VOCO],

I . v. it., ea22 back, calZ away, caN o s recall.

rsx, rEgis, [REG, rule, as st.], M., a king.

RhBnus, -i, [Celtic?], M., the Rhine.

Rhodanus, -i, [Celtic?], M., the Rhone.

ripa, -ae, [?I, F., a dank. rivus, -i, [akin to Gr. PCw], M., n

brook, a stream (not so large as flumen).

* PuZZ away.

rabur, -oris, [?I, N., oak. rogitus, -a, -um, p. p. of rogo. rog6, -%re, -%vi, -Ztus, [?I, I . v. a.

and n., ask, request, ask for: mxa- mento rogare milites (bind by a n oath, enlist under oath).

Rama, -ae, [?I, F., Rome. RbmPnus, -a, -urn, [Roma- -I- nus],

M., Roman. - As noun, a Roman. R6scius, -i, [?I, M., a Roman

family name.- Esp., Lucius Roscizis, a legatus of Cresar.

rbdrum, -i, [ROD- (in rodo, gnaw) -I- trum], N., a beak. - Esp. of a ship, the beak, the ram (used as in modern naval fighting).

rota, -ae, [?I, it., a wheel. rubus, -i, [?, perh. rub- (in ruber) + us], M., (red?), a brambze. Riifus, -i, [prob. dial. form =

rubus, l e d ] , M., a Roman family name. See Sulpicius.

riimor, &is, [ ? I , M., a rumor (confused report), report,

riipEs, -is, [RUP (cf. rumpo) + unc. term.], F., a clzx a rock (in position).

riirsus [for reversus], adv., dack again, back, again, in turn.

R u t h i , -6rum, [Celtic], M. plur., a tribe on the borders of Provence.

Rutilus, -i, [prob. akin to ruber], M., red.- As a Roman family name. - Esp., Marcus Sempronizis Rztti- lzts, a cavalry officer under Ciesar.

S

Sabinus, 4, [unc. st. (cf. sabulus, saceraas, -d6tis, [sacrli-dos (DA 4- sand) + inus], M., (Sabine). - As a tis)], c., (arranger of sacred rites?), Roman family name.- See Titurius. a priest.

Sabis, -is, [Celtic], M., a river of sacrimenturn, -i, [sacra-, RaZZow, Gaul flowing into the Meuse, now -!- mentum], N., an oath. Sambrc. sacrificium, -i, [tsacrific& (sac&

saepe I 3 7 satisfaciij

tfacus, cf. beneficus) f ium], N., a sacrz9ce.

saepe [N. of tsaepis (perh. same as saepes)], adv., often: minime saepe, most rarely. - saepius, compar., many times, repeated&.

saepenumer6 [saepe, numero], adv., oftentimes, many times.

saepds, -is, [akin to saepio, hedge in], F., a hedge.

saevi6, -ire, -ii, -itfirus, [saevll-, raging (as if saevi-)], 4. v. n., be anfly, rage, be vioZent. .

sagitta, -ae, [?I, F., an arrow. Sagittarius, -i, [sagitta- + arius],

M., a n archer, a dowman. sagulum, -i, [sag& (cloak) + lum],

N., a cZoak (military). saltus, -tiis, [I, perh. SAL (in salio,

leap) 4- tus], M., a wooded hezgkt, a glade, a pass (in the mountains).

saliis, .fitis, [salv&, (?) safe, + tis (cf. virtus)], F., kealth, weZl-being, welfare, sa fety, preservation, deliver- ance, lzye (as saved or lost) ; salute desperata, despairing of saving one’s self; salutis suae causa, to protect one’s sev; ad salutem contendere (a place of safety).

Samarobriva, -ae, [Celtic], F., a city of the Ambiani, now Amiens.

sanci6, sancire, sLnxi, slnctus, [SAC (in sacer)], 4. v. a., bind (in some religious manner), make sacred, solemnly estadlish (by law). -ss8nc- tus, -a, -um, p. p. as adj., holy, sacred, solemn, invialadle.

slnctus, -a, -um, p. p. of sancio. sanguis, -inis, [?I, M., bZood (as

the vital fluid, generally in the body, cf. cruor).

s l n i a s , -tiitis, [sanb -I- tas], F., soundness, sound mind, good sense.

siinfi, 4re, -Pvi, -stus, [sani-1, I. v. a., make sound, make good, repair.

Santones, -um, (-i, .6rum), [Cel- tic], M. plur., a tribe between the Loire and the Garonne.

Santoni, see Santones. sanus, -a, -um, [SA- (akin to sal-

vus) f nus], adj., sound (in body or mind), sane, discreet: nihil pro sano facere (nothing discreet).

sapi6, -ere, -ii (-ivi), no p. p., [?, SAP], 3. v. a. and n., taste (actively or passively). Hence, be wise, understand (what to do).

sarcina, -ae, [sarci- (as if st. of sarcio, or a kindred noun-st.) + na (F. of nus)], F., a p a d (sewed up?). - Plur., baggage (soldiers’ packs, cf. impedimenta, baggage not carried by soldiers).

sarci6, sarcire, sarsi, sartns, [?I, 4. v. a,, mend, patck. -Fig., restore, repair.

sarmentum, -i, [perh. SARP, prune (but cf. sarcina) + mentum], N., (either prunings or tiedfagots), only in plur., fagots, fascines.

satis [?I, adv., enough, suficiently. -Often with partitive, equivalent to a noun or adj., enough, suficient: satis habere, consider szlflcient, de satisfied; neque . . . satis commode (not very, etc.) ; satis grandis, nither Zarge, toleradly lorge. - Often a miId expression for very and the like.

satisfaci6, -facere, -fEci, -factfirus, [satis facio], 3. v. n., do enough for, satisfy, make amends, excuse one’s se& apologize.

satisfactiij, -6nis, [satis-factio (cf. satisfacio)], F., amends, excuses, an apology.

satus, -a, -um, p. p. of sero. saucius, -a, -um, [ ? I , adj.,

woumfed. saxum, 4, [?I, N., a 70Ck (as mov-

able), cf. rupes. scllae, -?irum, (sing. rare), [perh.

scad- (in scando, climb) + la], F., a ladder, a scaling Zander.

Scaldis, -is, [I], M., a river of Gaul, the ScheZdt.

scapha, -ae, [Gr., orig. a “dug- out ”], F., a skzx a boat.

scelerltus, -a, -um, [as if (perh. really) p. p. of scelero (sfuiic with crime?)], adj., villainous, accursed.

scelus, -e&, [?, perh. orig. “crookedness,” cf. pravus and ‘wrong ’I, N., crime, wiciedizess.

scienter [scient- (cf. scio) + ter], adv., knowifzgly, ski&d&.

scientia, -ae, [scient- (cf. scio) + ia], F., knowledge, acquaiiztance with (thing in the genitive), skiZl.

scindii, scindere, scidi, scissus, [ S C I D , s p l i t ] , 3. v. a., fear, teardown.

sci6, scire, scivi, scitus, [?I, 4. v. a., (separate ?), distinguish, know.

scorpib, -Bnis, [?I, M., a scorpion; n machine for throwiitg darts. Hence, a shot f rom an e~zgine (of that kind).

scribij, scribere, scripsi, scriptus, [ ? I , 3. v. a. and n., write, give an account (in writing).

scrobis, -is, [prob. akin to scribo], M. and F., a ditch, apit .

scttum, -i, [?I, N., a shieZd, of the Roman legion, made of wwd, con-

vex, oblong (2% by 4 ft.), covered with leather.

sl- sEd- [old abl. of unc. st.], prep., mostly as adv. in comp., a@t, away, aside, o& un-.

s6, see sui. &bum, 4, [?I, N., fallow. secii, seclre, secui, sectus, [prob.

causative of S E C ] , I. v. a., cut, reap. sGcrEtii [abl. of secretus, p. p. of

secerno, separate], adv., in private, private&.

sectiii, - h i s , [SEC (in seco) + tio], F., n cutting. Heiice (prob. from dividing in lots), a lo t of boo@, buoy.

sector, -zri, -Itus, [prob. secti (SEQU + ta, cf. moneta)], I. v. dep., pursue, chase after.

sectixa, -ae, [prob. sectu- (SEC + tus) + ra, F. of -IUS], P., n cutting, a mine, a shaft, a gaZlery.

secundum, see secundus. secundus, -a, -um, [part. in dus

of sequor], adj.,folZowing. Hence, second. - Also (as not opposing), favorabZe, successful: secundiores res, greater prosperi@; proelium secundum nostris (ik favor of); secund0 flumine, down the stream; secunda acies, the secondZiue offdattZe, the second divisioic. - Neut. acc. as prep. with acc., aZong, in the direction of, iiz accordawe with ; secundum ea, besides ihat.

secixis, -is, [SEC + unc. term.], F., an axe. - Esp., the axe of the Zic- tor (as a symbol of the power of life and death).

SECUS, [SEQU (in sequor) + unc. term.], adv., (inferior), otherwise. -

sedtua I39 sententia

Compar., sEcius (setius), less: nihilo secius, none the less, nevertheless.

seciitus, -a, -um, p. p. of sequor. sed [abl. of unc. st., cf. re], conj.,

apart (cf. seditio, and securus), 6ut (stronger than autem or at), 6ut yet.

sgdecim [sex-decem], indecl. num. adj., sixteen.

stdts, -is, [SED + es (M. and F. term. corresponding to N. -us)], F., a seat, Hence, an abode (both in sing. and plur.), a settlement: locus ac sedes, a place o f a6ode.

stditib, -finis, [sed-titio (I f tio)], F., a secession, a muh’y, an uprising.

sgditibsus, -a, -urn, [sedition- f osus], adj., seditious, factious.

Sedulius, -i, [?I, M., a leader of the Lemovices.

Sedfini, -5rum, [Celtic], M. plur., a tribe of the Alps.

Sedusii, -5rum, [Teut.], M. plur., a tribe of Germans.

seges, &is, [unc. st. + tis], F., a crop of p a i n (growing), a j e l d (of grain).

Segni, -firurn, [CelticJ, M. plur., a people of Belgic Gaul.

Segonax (-ovax), -actis, [Celtic], M., a British king.

Segontigci, -firurn, [Celtic], M. plur., a tribe of Britain.

Segusiiivi (-5ni), -firurn, [Celtic], M. plur., apeople west of the Rhone, near modern Lyons.

semel [prob. N. of adj., akin to similis], adv., once: aemel atque iterum, more than once, asain and again; ut semel, when once, as soon as.

stmentis, -tis, Lsemen (seed) f

tis, cf. Carmentis, virtus], F., a sow ing: sementis facere, sow grain.

stmita, -ae, [se- (sed-) + tmita (MI, in meo, go, cf. comes)], F., a side path, a by path, a path (over the mountains).

semper [tsemZi- (?) (in semel) -per (cf. parumper)], adv., though all time, aN the time, always.

Semprbnius, -i, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. -See Rutilus.

senltor, -tfiris, [tseng- (as if verb- st. akin to senex, perh. really so, cf. SeWtUS) +tor], M., (an elder). Hence, a senator.

senStus, -tiis, [tseng- (as if, perh. really, verb-st. akin to senex)], M., a senate (council of old men). - Esp., tke senate (of Rome, the great body of nobles acting as an administrative council).

senex [seni- + cus (reduced)]. - Gen., senis, [I, cf. seneschal], adj. (only M.), old. - Esp. as noun, an old man (above forty-five).

seni, -ae, -a, [sec(s) + nil, distrib. num. adj., six each, six (where each is implied in Eng. by the context).

Senones, -um, [Celtic], M. plur., a tribe of Gaul on the Seine, near Sens (their chief town, anciently Agedincum).

sententia, -ae, [tsentent- (p. of simpler pres. of sentio) f ia], F., (feelin,<, thinking). Hence, a way of thinking-, an opinion, a view, a determination, a sentiment, a feeling, apurpose, a design. - Esp., officially, a judgment, an opinion, n sentence, a vote: in ea sententia permanere

(of that mind) ; in eam sententiam, to this purport.

senti6, sentire, sEnsi, sCnsus, [I], 4. v. a., perceive (by the senses), know, see, think (of an opinion made up), ltarn about, Zearn: unum sen- tiunt ac probant, hoZd the same opinion, etc.

sentis, -is, [?I, M., a briar. sgparltim [as if acc. of tseparatis

(separg- f tis)], adv., separate&, private& (apart from others).

sEpargtus, -a, -um, p. p. of separo. sGpar6, &e, -%vi, -8tus, [se- (sed-)

parol, I . v. a,, (get apart?), separate. -ESP. slpariitus, -a, -um, p. p. as adj ., separate.

septem [?I, indecl. num. adj., seven.

septentri6nGs (septem, triones), -urn, M. plur., the seven plough oxez (the stars of the Great Bear).- Hence, the north.-Also (by an error), in the sing., septentrio, -6nis, tht north : a SeptentrionibU9, in the north ; sub septentrionibis, in the north, towards the north

septimus, -a, -um, rseptern + mus, cf. primus], adj., tht .\ezentk.

septingenti, -ae, 'a, [septem (in some form) -centurn (?)I, num. adj., seven hundred.

septulginta [from septem, in some unc. manner], indecl. num. adj., seven@.

sepultina, -ae, [tsepultu- (cf. s+ pelio, bury) + ra (F. of -IUS)], F., burial, burying.

SLquana, +e, [Celtic], F., the Seine.

SBquanus, a, urn, [Celtic], adj.,

of the S e p a n i (a tribe of Gaul, on the Rhone, N. of Macon). - Masc. sing., one of the Seguani, a Sepa- nian. - Masc. plur., the Seqziani.

sequor, sequi, sectitus, [SEQU], 3. v. dep., follow, accompany : damna- tum poena (be z'njicted upon, the penalty following the condemna- tion) ; eventus (ensue) ; hiems quae secuta est (the followitzg) ; fidem (hold to, remain under, come under, surrender one's s e u to, etc.) ; aestiis commutationem (take ndvantage of).

Ser., for Servius. serm6, -6nis [SER (in sero, twine) + mo (prob. -m& + o)], M., (series?).

Hence, conversation (continuous series of speech), talk, intercourse, conversation with (genitive).

ser6, serere. &vi, satus, [SA, re- dupl.], 3. v. a., pZa7ZtP sow. sZr6 [abl. of scrus], adv., too late. Sertijrius, -i, [sertor (garland-

maker?) + ius], M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Q. Sertorius, a partisan of Marius, who held a command in Spain against the party of Sulla from U.C. 80 to B.C. 72.

servilis, -e, [servi- (as if st. of servus or akin, cf. servio) + lis], adj., ofsZaves, of a slave, servile: in servilem modum, as with slaves, (Le. by torture) ; tumultus (the servde

'war, the revolt of the slaves under Spartacus in B.C. 73).

servi6, -ire, ii @vi), ittirus [servi- (as if st. of servus or akin)], 4. v. n., be a slave (to some one or something) ; rumoribus (be blind& guided by, follow) ; bello (devote one's self to).

servitfis, -titis, [tservitu- (serv6

Serviue 141 signum

+ tua) + tis, cf. iuventus, sementis], F., slavery, servitude.

Servius, -i, fserva- + ius], M., a Roman prsnomen.

servij, -Sire, -%vi, -%us, [serva-1, I. v. a., watch, guard, keep, preserve : praesidia (hold, maintain) ; ordines (keep) ; fidem (keep one’s word).

servus, -i, [unc. root (SER, bind?) + vus], M., a slave. s l s l , see sui. slsquipedllis, -e, [tsesquiped- (a

foot and a hacf) + alis], adj., of a footanda hay, ezghteen-inch (beams, etc.).

seu, see sive. sevlritls, &tis, [sever& + tas],

F., strictness, harshness, severi9. slvocij, -Sire, -%vi, -%tus, [se (sed)

-voce], I. v. a., call aside, caN out (aside).

sex [?I, indecl. num. adj., six. sexlgintii [sex + unc. term.],

indecl. num. adj., s ixv . sexcenti (ses-), -ae, -a, [sex-cen-

turn], num. adj., six hundyed. Sextius, -i, [sextb + ius], M., a

Roman gentile name. - Esp. : I. Titus Sextius, a legatus of Cssar. -2 . Publim Sextius Bacdus, a centurion in Casar’s army.

si [loc. prob. akin to se], ccmj., (in this way, i n this case, so, cf. sic),

in case. - Esp., to see if; whether: id si fieret, should this happen, etc.

sibi, see sui. SibusPtes, -um, [Celtic], M. pl.,

a people of Aquitania, near the Pyrenees.

sic [si-ce, cf. hic], adv., so, in this manner, i n such a manner,

thtpls: sic a ~ ut, so . . , that, so well . . . that; sic reperiebat (this). -

sicuti, as coiij.,just as,just as if: siccitls, &tis, [sicca- + tas], F.,

dryness, drought, dry weather.-Plur. in same sense, of different occasions.

sicut (sicuti), see sic. sidus, -eris, [SED + us], N.,

(position ?), a heaven& body. signifer, -feri, [signo-fer (FER

(bear) -!- us)], M., a standard-bearer. aigniflc&titi, - h i s , [significa- +

tio], F., a making of signs, a signal, an intimation, a warning.

signific6, -Sire, -Sivi, -stus, [tsig- nific6- (sign6-ficus, cf. facio)], I. v. n., make sens, indicate, make known, spread news, give an intimation, give information, show: hac re sig- nificari, this is an indication; de fuga ; deditionem (make signs of),

signum, -i, [unc. ioot + num (N. of -nus)], N., (a device?), a sign, a signal. - Esp., a standard (for military purposes, carried by any body of men, consisting of some device in metal on a pole). - Phrases: signa convertere, wheel, change front, face abart; signa inferre, advance to attack, charge; conversa signa inferre, change front and charge; infestis signis (for an attack, at charge) ; signa ferre, move, move on, march ; signa subsequi, keep the line of march ; signa relinquere, leave the rank$; se continere ad signa, keep the ranks; a signis discedere, desert, leave the ranks; ad signa convenire, join the army; ad signa consistere, ra l4 around the standard; signa constituere, halt.

SilEnus 142 s a

SilLnus, 4, [?I, M., a Roman family name. - Esp., Marcus Sila- nus, a legatus of Caesar.

silentium, 4, [silent- + ium], N., stillness, silence. - silentib, abl., A silence, sile&y.

Silius, -i, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Titus Silius, a military tribune in Czsar’s army.

silva, -ae, [?I, F., a forest, woods, forests. - Plur. in same sense.

silvester (-tris), -tris, -tre, [silva- (as if sihus-, cf. palustris) + tris], adj., woody, wooded.

similis, -e, [tsim6- (cf. simplex, semper) + lis], adj., like, similar.

similitidii, -ink, [simili- + tudo], F., likeness, resemblance (to, genitive).

simul [N. of similis, cf. facul], adv., at the same time : simul atque (or without atque), as soon a s ; simul . . . simul, both . . . and.

simullcrum, -i, [sirnula- + crum], N., an image, a Zi&eness.

simulltib, -6nis, [simulci- + tio], F., a pretence, a show, deceit.

simulltus, -a, -um, p. p. of simulo.

simulb, &e, -iivi, -8tus, [simili- (as if, perh. orig., tsimul6)], I. v. a., pretend, make a show of (something), feign.

simultis, -tiitis, [simili- (cf. simul) + tas], F., (likeness?, epa l - ity ?), rivahy.

sin [si-ne], conj., (if not), but ;f: sincere [old case-form of since-

rus], adv., honestly, truly, frank&. sine [?I, prep. with abl., without. singilliitim (singul-), [as if

singula- (singulus) + tim (acc. of

-tis)], adv., singly, one 6y one, in& vidua Z&.

singullris, -e, [singulli- + aris], adj., soLitary, single. Hence, unique, extraoaordinary, unparalleled, un- equalled, niarvellous.

singuli, -ae, -a, [sim (in similis) + unc. term.], adj., ofze at a hme; S i 7 i g h , each, one by oze, severaZ (several@). -Often to denote distribution, one to each ; singuli singulos, (with verb), one. . . each; singulis legionibus singulos legatos (one over each) ; ab singulis legionibus singu- 10s legatos discedere (eachfrom his) ; inter singulas legiones (between each two, one to each) ; navis singulas Romanis equitibus (scveral&, sepa- rately, oize to each) ; sevocare singu- 10s (iizdividzrals, oize by oze).

sinister, -tra, -trum, [?I, adj., Zeftt: sub sinistra (manu), on the left.

sinistriirsus [sinistro-vorsus (versus)], adv., to the left.

sinb, sinere, sivi, situs, [SI (of unc. meaning)], 3. v. a., (lay down, cf. pono), leave. Hence, permit, allow.

situs, -tfis, [SI + tus], M., (a lay- ing, a leaving), situation,position, site.

sive, seu, [si-vel, conj., if either, or if: sive . . . sive, either . . . or, whether. . . or.

socer, -eri, [?I, M., a father-in-law. societls, -tatis, [sociG- + tas], F.,

a n alliance. socius, -i, [SEQU (follow) + ius],

M., a companion, an alZy, a contrade. s61, s8lis, [?I, M., the sun. -Also

personified, Sol, the Sun.- See also under orior, occido, occasus.

sllacium I 4 3 spiritus

s5Uciurn (s6Et-), -i, [solacb + ium], N., a consolation, a comfort.

soldurius, -i, [Teutonic], M., a retainer, a follower.

solea, solere, solitus, [?I, 2. v. n., be wont, be accustomed.

s6litad6, -inis, [sol& -k tudo], F., loneliness. Hence, a wilderness.

sollertia, a e , [sollert- (sollb + am, with complete skill, cf. sollicito) + ia] , F., skiZ2, ingenui9, shrewdness.

sollicitiitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of sollicito.

sollicitb, -%re, -%vi, -%tus, [sol- licit& (sollbcitus, entire& roused)], I. v. a., stir up, instigate, make over- +yes to, tamper with, approach (with money, etc.), ofer bribes to, tempt.

sollicitiidb, -inis, [tsollicitu- (st. akin to sollicitus) -k do], F., anxie@, apprehension.

solum, -i, [?I, N., the soil, the foundation, the bottom : solum agri, the bare ground; ab i n h o solo, from the very bottom.

sijlus, -a, -urn, [?I, adj., alone, on&.- sblum, N. as adv., alone, on&.

soliitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of solvo. solvb, solvere, solvi, soliitus,

[prob. se-luo, loose], 3. v. a., unbind, Zoose. - Esp. with navis, weigh anchor, set sail. - Also without navis, absolutely, set sail.

sonitus, -ti&, [soni- (as st. of sono) + tus], M., a sound, noise.

sonus, -i, [SON f us], M., a sound. soror, &is, [?I, F., a sister: soror

ex matre, a half-sister. sors, sortis, [perh. SER (in sero)

4- tis, but the orig. sense is unc.], F., a lot (for divination), chance.

SBtiltes, -um, [Celtic], M. pl., a people of Aquitania.

spatium, -i, [I], N., space, extent, a space, a distance. - Transf., time, space of time, Zapse of time. - Phrases : quantum fuit diei spatium, as much as there was time for; intermisso spatio, after an iizterval; spatia omnis temporis, the whole course of tinre.

specigs, -iei, [SPEC 4- ies (akin to -ia)], F., (a sight, prob. both act. and pass.).- Passively, a sight, a show, an appearance: summa spe- cies earum stantium, aperfectappear- ance of standing trees (lit. of them standing) ; ad speciem, for show.

spect6, -%re, -%vi, -%us, [spect&], I. v. a. and n., look at, regard, have regard to, lie towards (of a country), face.

specuEtor, -tSris, [speculb + tor] M., a spy, a scout.

speculltbrius, -a, -um, [speculator 4- ius], adj., (o fa scout), scozct- iizg, reconnoitring (navigia).

speculor, Gri, -Htus, [speculb, cf. specula,. watch-tow~r], I . v. dep., spy, reconnoitre: speculandi causa, as a spy. ' sperltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of spero.

sperij, -%re, -%vi, -Itus, [spes- (prob. orig. st. of SPES) with r for SI, I. v. a. and n., hope, hope for, expect.

sp!s, -ei, [?I, F., hope, expectation : summam in spem venire, have the greatest hope.

spiritus, -tiis, [spiri- (as st. of spiro, breathe) + tus], M., b~eath.- Also, spirit. Hence, in pl., pn2c arrogance, temper.

spoli8 144 sub

spolib, -Hre, -Hvi, -Stus, [spolib, hoop], I. v. a., despoil, strip. - Fig., rob, deprive, despoil.

spontis (sen.), sponte (abl.), [prob. akin to spondeo, promise], F., only with poss. or (poetic) gen., of one’s own accord, voluntarily, on one’s own account. - Rarely, by one’s influence.

stabili6, -ire, -ivi (ii), -itus, [stabili-1, 4. v. a., makejrm.

stabilitis, -t8tis, [stabili- + tas], F., steadiness, jrmness.

statim [acc. of tstatis (sta- + tis)], adv., (as one stands, on the sjot), at once, forthwith, immediate&.

statiti, -6nis, [apparently STA + tio, prob. tstati- + 0, whence the common -ti0 used as ending without regard to its origin], F., (a startdtng), a position, a post, apicket. in statione, on p a r d .

statuti, -uere, -ui, -iitus, [statu-], 3. v. a., set up. Hence, establish, resolve upon, determine, consider (make up one’s mind), take measures. -Euphemistic for, punish (de eo causa cognita).

statara, -ae, [statu- + ra, F. of -NS], F., (a standing), stature, sixe.

status, -tiis, [STA + tus], M., (a standing), a position, a condition, a state, a situation.

stimulus, -I, [tstigmFj- (STIG -I- mus) + Ius], M., a goad, a spur. -As name of a calthrop or instrument of defence, ‘‘ spurs.”

stipendi&rius, -a, -urn, [stipen- dill- 4- arius], adj., tributary, under tribute, subiect to tributc.

stipendium, -i, [stipi-, giyt, and st. akin to pendo (perh. tpendus, cf. pendulus) + ium], N., a tribute.

stipes, stipitis, [?I, M., a hung (of a tree).

stirps, stirpis, [?I, M. and F., a stock, a stem. - Fig., a race : stirpem hominum interfici, men to be killed root and branch.

stti, stLre, steti, stattirus, [STA], I. v. n., stand, be placed: decreto (stand by, abide by).

strlmentum, -i, [STRA (form of root of sterno) + mentum], N., (somefhing strewn), straw, thatch. -Also plur., saddle-cloths.

strepitus, -tiis, [strepi- (as st. of strepo, roar) + tus], M., a noise, a corfused din.

studeti, studere, studui, no p. p., [?stud& {or tstuda-), cf. studium], 2. v. n., be eager for, be devoted to, pay attention to, attend to, desire (a thing in the dat.).

studitis8, [old case-form of studi- OSUS], adv., eager&, zealous&.

studium, -i, [prob. t s tudb + ium, cf. studeo], N., engerness, zeal, de- votion, fondness (for a thing), enthu- siasm. Hence, a pursuit (to which one is devoted), an occupation.

stultitia, -ae, [stultli- (foolish) + tia], F., folly.

sub [unc. case, prob. abl., akin to super], adv. (in comp.) and prep. :

a. With abl. (of rest in a place), under: sub oculis, before the eyes. -Also, just by : sub monte (at the foot o f ) ; sub sinistra, at the ldt; sub vallo, just under the 7unll. 6. With acc. (of motion towards

subtictus I45 eabeia8

a place), under, close to. - Of time, just at,just before: sub vesperum.

c. In camp., under, up (from under), away (from beneath), secretly (underhand), in succession, a ZittZe, dikhtly.

subictus, -a, -um, p. p. of subigo. subdolus, -a, -um, [sub-dolus, arti-

fice], adj., cunning, wily. subdiicb, -dficere, -dfixi, -ductus,

[sub-duco], 3. v. a., draw up, lead up: navis (beach, draw up).

subductib, -6nis, [sub-tductio, cf. subduco], F., a drawing up, a beach- ing (of ships).

subductus, -a, -urn, p. p. of sub- dum.

subeii, -ire, 4, -itus, [sub-eo], irr. v. a., go under, undergo, encounter, come up, a$proach.

subfodib (suff-), -fodere, Wdi, -fossus, [sub-fodio], 3. v. a., dig under, stab (underneath).

subfossus, -a, -um, p. p. of sub- fodi0.-

subici6, -icere, -iEci, -iectus, [sub-iacio], 3. v. a, throw under, place below, place under, subject, expose to. - Also, throw up. - subiec- tus, -a, -urn, p. p. as adj., Zyingnear.

subigii, -igere, -Egi, -Hctus, [sub- ago], 3. v. a., bring under, su&ect.

subitb, see subitus. subitus, -a, -urn, [p. p. of subeo],

adj., (coming up secret& from under), sudden, suddenly (as if adv. taken with the verb), quick, hasty. - eubitb, abl. as adv., suddenly, of a sirdden.

sublltus, a, a m , [sub- (t) latus], p. p. of tollo.

sublevztus, -a, a m , p. p. of sub- levo.

sublevb, -Hre, -Hvi, -Htus, [sub levo], I . v. a., hghten up, ltghten, ram, raise up, assist, render assistance. - With reflexive, rise up.- sublevitus, p . p., suppot&zg one's self.

sublica, -ae, [I], F., apile. sublub, -here, no perf., -liltus,

[sub-luo], 3. v. a., wask underneath, wash .- flumen collis radices.

subministrb (sum-), -ire, -Pvl, -%us, [sub-ministro], I. v. a., supply (as needed), furnish (from time to time), provide.

submittb (sum-), -mittere, -mTsi, -missus, [sub-mitto], 3. v. a., send up, send to one's assistance, send as reinforcements, send (as help), re- inforce.

submbtus, -a, -urn, p. p. of sub- moveo.

submoveb (sum-), -movere, -mW, -mBtus, [sub-moveo], 2. v. a,, drive oJ, dislodge.

subrub, -ruere, mi, -rutus, [sub- mol, 3. v. a., dig tmder, undermine.

subsequor, -sequi, -seciitus, [subsequor], 3. v. dep., foZZow up, follozu on, foZZow, succeed to.

subsidium, -i, [sub-taedium (SED f ium)], N., (a sitting in reseme), a reserve, a reinforccment, help, reZieeft su$port, assistance, reswrces, provisions : subsidio mittere, send assistance ; subsidium ferre, rescue; subsidium comparare, makeprovision. subsidb, -sidere, -sedi, -sessilrus,

[sub-sido], 3. v. n., sit down, remain behind.

subsist6, -sistere, +titi, no p. p., [sub-sisto], 3. v. n., stop behind, halt, make a stand: ancorae (hold).

subsum, -esse, -fui, -futiirus, [subsum], irr. v. n., be under, be near, be close by (a certain distance off), be near at hand, approach.

subtrahb, -trahere, -trHxi, -trPc- tus, [sub-traho], 3. v. a., take away (underneath), carry away, take away (generally).

subvectib, -6nis, [sub-vectio, cf. subveho], F., bringahg up, trmspor- tation, conveyance.

subvehij, -vehere, -vExi, -vectus, [sub-veho], 3. v. a., bring up.

subvenib, -venire, -vEni, -veiltarus, [sub-venio], 4. v. n., come under, come to the support of, come to the assistance OJ assist.

succgdij, -ct;dere, -cessi, -cessiirus, [sub-cedo], 3. v. n., come up, advance, come in place of; succeed to, take the place of, come next. -Also, be succes.fi2, prosper.

succendb, -cendere, -cendi, -c&n- sus, [sub-tcando (cf. candeo, glow)], 3. v. a., set o n j r e (as if beneath).

succgnsus, -a, -urn, p. p. of suc-

successus, -tis, [sub-cessus (cf. succedo)], M., a corning up, an advance, a close approach.

succidb, -cidere, -cidi, -cisus, [sub- caedo], 3. v. a., cut under, cut dmn.

succieus, -a, -um, p. p. of suc- cido.

succurnb6, -cumbere, -cubui, -cubi- tiirus, [sub-cumbo], 3. v. n., lie down (under), give way, succumb. succuTr6, -currere, -curri, -curst-

cenao.

rus, [sub-curro], 3. v. n., rush to suppod, rzish to one's rescue, run fo he@, simor.

sudis, -is, [?I, F., a stake. Suessiijnes, -um, [Celtic], M. pl.,

a tribe of the Belgians between the Marne and the Iskre. Their town Noviodunum was later called from them Soissons.

SuEvi (SuEbi), -6rum, [Teutonic], M. plur., name of the tribes in habiting a large part of Germany, Swabians.

SuEvus, -a, -um, [see Suevi], adj., Swabian. - As noun, a Swabian (man or woman).

sufficiij, -ficere, -feci, -fectus, [sub- facio], 3. v. a,, make in pZace ofi supply the place of. Hence, suflce, be sztficient, be adequate.

suffrggium, -i, [akin to suffringo, break zip], N., (a pastern bone, or a potsherd, either used as a ballot), a ballot, vote.

Sugambri (Sig-), -6rum, [Ten- tonic], M., a German tribe between the Sieg and the Lippe.

suggestus, -tiis, [sub-gestus, cf. suggerij], M., (earth brought up), a raised ndoatnd, a tribunal, a plavorm (whence the Roman commander addressed his troops).

sui (prop. gen. N. of suus), sibi st;, [SVA], reflex. pron., himseg, etc. -Often to be translated by the personal, he, etc., also each other. - Esp. : inter se, front, with, by, etc., each other; inter sese dant, Rive each other, exchange; per se, o j kinzseg, etc., (without outside influence or excitement) ; see ipse.

SulIa I47 supples

Sulla, -ae, [?I, M., a Roman family name. - Esp., Lucius Cornelius Sulla, the great partisan of the nobility and opponent of Marius, calIed the Dictator Sulla.

sulpicius, -i, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp. : I . Sulpicius Rufus, a legatus of Czesar. - 2. Ser- vius Salpicius Galba, a legatus of Caesar.

sum, esse, fui, futtirus, [AS, cf. am, i s] , irr. v. n., be (exist). -Also, with weakened force, be (as a mere copula). - Phrases: want duo itinera (there were); sibi esse En animo, that he had in m i d , tntcnded; pars quae est ad Hispaniam (lies) ; eomm est, they have; multum sunt in venationibus (much engaged).

summa, -ae, [F. of summus as noun], F., (the top), the sum, the total, the main part: summa omnium rerum, the whole amount ; belli, (the general management, the chief control); imperi (the chief command) ; imperi bellique administrandi (the chief management, etc.) ; rerum con- siliorumque (chief control) ; summa exercitiis, the main body, etc. ; summam victoriae, the whole victory.

summus, see superus. siim6, stimere, stimpsi, stimptus,

[sub-emo, take], 3. v. a., take away, take, get, assume: supplicium de (in- flict, cf. capere) ; laborem (spend).

siimptuGsus, -a, -urn, [sumptu- -I- osus], adj., expensive, cost&.

siimptus, -ttis, [sub-temptus, cf. sumo], M., (a taking out of the stock on hand), expense.

superatus, -a, -urn, p. p. of supera.

superb6 [old case-form of superbus], adv., haughtih, arrogant&, with arrogance.

superior, see superus. superb, &e, -Lvi, -iitus, [superti-],

I . v. a. and n., overtop. Hence, get the upper hand OJ overcome, conguer, deftat, be superior to, $revail, ovcr- match, survive (vita).

supersede6, -sedEre, -sEdi, -sessiirus, [super-sedeo], 2. v. n., sit above. Hence, be above, decline, refrain from.

supersum, -esse, -fui, -futiirus, [super-sum], irr. v. n., be over and above, remain, wrvive.

superus, -a, -um, [tsupe- (st. akin to sub, perh. same) + IUS (cf. inferus)], higher, being above (of space only). - Compar. (in wider meanings), superior, hifher, upper, precedinr (of time), past, before, superior, victorious. - Superl., su- pr6mus [supra- (?) + imus (?)I, hgh- est. - Also, summus [sup- 4- mus], highest, the highest part of, the top of: - Fig., greutest, most important, very great, most per&t, perfect, supreme, most violent: ab summo, from the top, at the end; summis copiis, with all the forces, in force, with aN one’s might.

suppetb, -petere, -petivi, -petit& rus, [sub-peto, aim at] , 3. v. n., (I, but cf. sufficio and eubvenio), be on hand, be supjlied, be to be found,

supplgmentum, 4, [supplS- (as st. of suppleo,jh‘ up) + mentum], N., a supply (to fill up), a reinforcement.

supplex, -icis, [subtplex (PLIC

hold out.

supplicliti6 148 tabullitus

(fold), as st., cf. duplex)], c., a sup pliant.

supplic8ti6, -ijnis, [supplies- + tio], F., a supplicatzon. - Esp., a thanhsgiving (prayer to the gods upon any signal success, decreed by the sena;e).

suppliciter [supplici- (as st. of supplex) 4- ter], adv., in the guise of suppliants, as suppZhnts.

supplicium, -i, [supplic- (st. of supplex) + ium], N., a supplication, a sacrt@ce. - Also, esp., a punish- me& (usually of death).

support.6, -%re, -%vi, -Itus, [sub- porto], I . v. a., bring a?, convey, sup- p b , fawnish.

supr i [instr. (?) of superus], adv. and prep. with acc., above, before.

susceptus, -a, -urn, p. p. of sus- cipio.

suscipiij, cipere, -@pi, -ceptus, [sub(s)-capio], 3. v. a., take up, take @OP& one's sew (sibi), assume, undertake, engage in, undergo.

suspectus,-a,-urn, p. p. of suspicio. suspiciltus, -a, -um, p. F. of sus-

picor. suspiciij, -spicere, -spexi, -spectus,

[sub-specio], 3. v. a. and n., look up, Zook up at, Zook askance at. Hence, suspect: suspecta nobis, an oaject of suspicion to us.

suspiciti (+pititi), -6nis, [sub-

tspecio, cf. suspicio], F., suspicion, an imputation (timoris), an indica- tioion: dabat . . . fugae (endeavor to excite a suspicioiz) ; neque abest suspicio, and there is a suspicion abroad, not without suspicion.

suspicor, -%ri, -Itus, [tsuspic- (cf. suspicio)], I . v. dep., snspect: p. p. as adj., under suspicion.

sustentitus, -a, -urn, p. p. of sus- tento.

sustent6, -?ire, -Hvi, -Itus, [sub(s)- tento (cf. sustineo)], I. v. a. and n., sustain, hold out: bella (hold out agoinst) ; aegre is dies sustentatur, with &Jicul~ they hold out f o r that day; pecore famem (Keep from starvation by means oft etc.).

sustine6, -tini;re, -tinui, -tentus, sub(s)-teneo], 2. v. a. and n., hold up under, withstand, endure, hold out, bear, stop, rein in (horses) ; sustinere se, stand up.

sustuli, see tollo. suus, -a, -urn, [SVA + ius, cf. se],

adj. pron. (reflex., referring back to subject), his, hers, its, theirs, etc. - Sometimes emphatic, his own, etc., sua dementia, his characteristic clemency. - Often without noun, sui, their (his) men, countrymen, their friends; sua, their (his) posses- sions, their property: se suaque omnia, themsehes and all they had.

T T., for Titus. taberniculum, -i, [taberna- 4- cu-

-k bus ?) + la], F., a 60urd. Hence, a record (written on a board covered with wax), a document, a list.

' tabula, -ae, [+tab& (TA (siwtch) tabulitus, -a, -urn, [tabulib (as lum], N., (a hut of Joards), a tent.

tacel I49 tega

if st. of ttabulo) + tus], adj., made with boards.- tabulztum, N., ajloor- ing, a story.

tace6, tacEre, tacui, tacitus, [ t t acb (TAC + us)] , 2. v. a. and n., be silent, be silent about, keep secret, conceal, say nothing about. - tacitus, p. p. as adj ., silent, in silence.

tacitus, -a, -um, p. p. of taceo. tilea, -ae, [perh. akin to tzlus,

artkle-bone], F., a rod, a bar. tslis, -e, [TA (akin to that) +

alia], adj. pron., such, sogreat. t a m [unc. case of TA (cf. quam,

nam)], adv., so (as indicated in the context), so much.

tamen [unc. case-form of TA (locat. ?)I, adv., (introducing a thought opposed to some preceding concession expressed or implied), yet, nevertheless, s&Z, however, foy aZl that, notwithttanding, after aZl, at least.

Tamesis, -is, [Celtic], M., the Thames.

tametai, [tamen (or tam?) -etsi], adv., (still although, anticipating the thought to which tamen properly belongs), although, though.

tandem [tam-dem, cf. idem], adv., (just so, even so?), at last. - In questions, to add emphasis, pray, lelZ me, or trans. only by emphasis.

tang6, tangere, tetigi, tHctus,

tantopere, see opus. tantulus, -a, -um, [tan& + Ius], tantum, see tantus. tantummodo [tantum modo], adv.,

(somuch on&), only, mere&, onlyjust.

[TAG], 3. V. a,, touch, border On.

adj., so small, so little, so trzying.

tantundem (tantum-dem, cf. idem], adv., jus: so f a r .

tantus, -a, -um, [prob. TA 4- pant (adj. term.) + us], adj., so much, so great, such (of magnitude) : tanti est, is of so much weight ; tanta exigui- tas temporis, so little time. - Esp., so much (and no more), only so muck: tantum progredi (so fa7 os). - tantum, N. as adv., only, mere@.

Tarbelli, -arum, [Celtic], M. pl., a tribe of Aquitania.

tardiitus, -a, -um, p. p. of tard6. tarde [old case-form of tardus],

adv., slow&, tardiZy, with deZay. tard6, -Hre, -Hvi, -Htus, [tad&],

I. v. a., refard, checR, hinder: Ro- manos ad insequendum (hinder from pursuing, retardthepu7suit oJ etc.).

tardus, -a, -urn, [?I, adj., SCOW, sZack, sZuggisk, without aZacri9.

TarusiitEs, -ium, [Celtic], M, pl., a tribe of Aquitania.

Taagetius, -i, [Celtic], M., a prince of the Carnutes.

taurus, 4, [perh. STAV+ IUS, akin to steer], M., a buzz.

Taximagulus, -i, [Celtic], M., a prince of Britain.

taxus, -i, E?], P., a yew-tree. - Also, yew (the berries used as poison).

Tectosages, -um, [Celtic], M. pl., a branch of the Volcae, which see.

tgctum, -i, [N. p. p. of tego], N., a roof, a Rouse.

t k t u s , -a, -um, p. p. of tego. tegimentum (tegu-), -i, [tegi- (st.

of tego) + mentum], N., a covering. teg6, tegere, tGxi, tEctus, [TBG],

3. v. a., cover, thatch, hide, c o n c e ~ .

tslum, -i, [ ? I , N., a weapon (of offence), a niissile, a javelin, a spear.

temerlrius, -a, -um, [ttemerti- + arius], adj., reckless, rash, hasly. temeri3 [old case-form of tteme-

rus], adv., 6Zindly, without reason, without cause. Hence, recklessly,

temeritls, -tiitis, [ttemerli- (has&) + tas], F., blindness, thoughtlessness, recklessness, histy temper.

t6m6, -6nis, [?I, M., apole (of a wagon, etc.).

temperantia, -ae, [temperant- + ia], F., sevcontrol, prudence.

temperltus, -a, -um, p. p. of tem- pero.

temper6, -%re, -Hvi, -Itus, [temper- (st. of tempus)], I . v. a., (diuide), m ix properly. Hence, control, control one’s sev, rejrain, restrain one’s seyfrom (quin). - Esp., temperltus, -a, -um, p. p. as aclj., temperate, mild.

tempest%, -tiitis, [tempes- (st. of tempus) + tas], F., a season, weather. -ESP., baa’ weather, a storm, a tempest.

tempt6 (tent6), -Ire, -iivi, -Itus, [tentli-, p. p. of teneo, hold], I . v. a., handZe. Hence, try, attempt, make a a attempt upon, tempt: iter (try to force).

tempus, -oris, [TEM (cut, with root determinative or accidental p)

a‘ivision of time, a tzme, time (in general), a season, an occasion, an etner- gency, a crisis : tam necessario tempore, at so critical a moment; omni tempore, a t all times, always; in re- liquum tempus, f o r the future; uno

hastily.

+ US], N., (U CUttiX\c). - ESP., 0

tempore, at once; tempore exclusus, cut of by the waiit of time.

Tencteri (-theri), -6rum, [Teu- tonic], M. plur., a branch of the Usi- petes, which see.

ten&, tendere, tetendi, tEnsus (tentus), PKEN -k do (of unc. origin)], 3. v. a., stretch, stretch out. - Esp., stretch a tent, encamp.

tenebrae, -%rum, [I, perli. akin to temere], F. plur., darkness.

tene6, tenere, tenui, tentus (?), [ t tenb (TEN t us)], 2 . v. a., hold, retain, keep, possess, occu/?y : circuitus milia (occupy, extend).- Also, restrain, detuitz : tenere obsidibus (bind) ; se tenere, remain ; memoria tenere, remember.

tener, -era, -erum, [TEN + ms], adj., (stretched, ihiii), delicate, tender, young.

tenuis, -e, [TEN + us, with accidental i, cf. gravis], adj., thin, delicate, jeebZe, meagre, poor.

tenuitls, -tiitis, [tenui- + tas], F., thinness, weakness, $over&.

tenuiter [tenui- + ter], adv., thinly, shkhtly.

ter [prob. mutilated case of tres], num. adv., three times, thrice.

teres, -&is, [tere- (as st. of tero) f tis], adj., (rubbed), smooth and rozind, taperity.

tergum, -i, [?I, N., the back: terga vertere, tarn n n d j f y ; a tergo, ia the rear.

terni, -ae, -a, [tri- + nus], distrib. num. adj., three each, three at once.

terra, -ae, [TERS(?) + a, cf. tor- reo, dry up], F., (the dry land) , the earth, the land-Also, a land, a

rcgrbn. - Also, the ground. - Plur., the worzd.

Terrasidius, -T, [Celtic], M., a Roman gentile (?) name. - Esp., Titus Terrasidius, a military tribune in Cssar’s army.

terrgnus, -a, -um, [terra- (as if terr&) + nus], adj., of earth.

terreij, terrere, terrui, territus, [+tern& (?)I, 2. v. a.,frighten, alarm, frighten of, deter.

territij, -%re, no perf. or p. p., [tenit&], I. v. a., frzkhten: metu (alarm with fears, keep aZarmed).

terror, -tins, [TERR + or], M., fright, alarm, terror, dread, panic.

tertius, -a, -um, [prob. tri- + tius], num. adj., third (in order); pars (one-third ) .

testiimentum, -i, [testa- (witness) + mentum], N . , a wiZZ. testimGnium, -i, [testi- + mo-

nium], N., proof, evidence. testis, -is, [?I, c., a wit?Jess. testii.dE, -inis, [ttestu- (akin to

testa, tile) + do], F., a tortoise.- Esp., a covered coZumn (made by lapping the shields of one rank over those of another). -Also, a shelter (a small roof over attackingsoldiers).

Teutomatus, -i, [Celtic], Y., a king of the Nitiobriges.

Teutones, -um, (4, -6rum), [Teu- tonic], M. plur., a great German people in Jutland who overran Gaul in B.C. 113 along with the Cimbri. They were defeated by Marius in B.C. 102 at Aquae Sextia ( A h ) .

tignum, 4, [?I, N., a Zog-, a timber, a @e.

Tigurinus, -a, a m , [Celtic], adj.,

Of t h Tigurini.-M. PI., the rini, a canton or division of the Helvetii.

timeij, -Ere, -ui, no p. p., [ttima- (cf. timidus)], 2. v. a. and n., be afraid, fear. - With dat., be anxious for, de anxious about: nihil (have nothing t o fear) ; timentes, as noun, the timid, the fearfuZ.

tirni.dE [old case-form of timidus], adv., with timidity: non timide, fearZessZy.

timidus, -a, -um, [ttimli- (cf. timeo) + dus], adj., coward@, fr*ht- ened, timid.

timor, -6ris, [tim- (cf. timeo) t or], M., alarm, fear,&ead.

Titiirius, 4, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Quintus Titu- rius Sabinus, a legatus of Caesar.

Titus, 4, [?I, M., a Roman prznomen.

tolerij, -Bre, -iivi, -Htus, [ttoler- (TOL + us)], I. v. a. and n., (raise up), dear, endure, hoZd out, support: famem (keep from starvation).

tollb, tollere, sustuli, sublztus, [TOL], 3. v. a., raise, ~ a r r y , carry of. Hence, remove, take away, destroy : conloquium (break of). - Esp., sub- Utus, -a, -urn, p. p., dated

Tolijsa, -ae, [Celtic], F., Toulouse, a city of the Volcae Tectosages.

TolbsStEs, -ium, [Tolosa- + tis], M. plur., the peopZe of TouZousc.

tormentum, -i, [TORQU + mentum], N., (means of twisting), torture. -Also, an engitze (for throwing missiles by twisted ropes). Hence, a shot from an en@, a missiZe.

torreb, torrGre, torrui, tostus,

http://testii.dE

http://tirni.dE

t o t 152 trHnsmarinus

[torr& (cf. torrus,j%w5vand)], 2. v. a,, scorch, burn.

tot [TA + ti], indecl. adj., so many.

totidem [toti- (cf. tot) + dem], indecl. adj.,&st as many, as many, the same number.

tijtus, -a, -urn, [TA + tus], adj., the whole, the whole of, alZ, entire. - Often translated by an adverb, entire&, throughout.

trabs (trabcs), trabis, [?I, F., a ham, a timber.

tractus, -a, -um, p. p. of traho. triiditus, -a, -um, p. p. of trado. triidb, -dere, -didi, -dittis, [trans-

do], 3. v. a., hand over, give up, rive over, deZiver up, surrender, commend, recommend. - Also,pass along, hand down, teach, communicatt..

triidiicb, -dficere, &xi, -ductus, [trans-duco], 3. v. a., Zeal2 over (with two accusatives), Zead across, Bring over, lead through, transjort, draw over, win over, transfer, lead (along).

triigula, -ae, [?I, I?., a juvehu (perh. with a barb, like a boat-hook) used by the Gauls.

trah6, trahere, trLxi, trHctus, [TRAH (for TTRAGH)], 3. V. a., drag, drag a h g , drug in, draw in.

trliciij, -icere, -ieci, -iectus, [trans- iacio], 3. v. a , throw across, throw over. - Also, strike through, trans- f ix , pierce.

triiiectus, -a, -um, p. p. of traicio. triiectus, -t8s, [trans-iactus, cf.

traicio], M., (a throwinp- across), a passage, a route.

triin6, -%re, -gvi, -Ltus, [trans-no], I . v. a. and n., swim across.

tranquillitiis, -tiitis, [tranquillll- + tas], F., s t ihess , caZtn. triins [?, akin to terebra, auger],

adv. (in comp.) and prep. with acc., across, over. Hence, on the other side of. - In comp., over, across, through.

Triinsalpinus, -a, -urn, [trans- Alpes + inus], adj., Transar’pine (lying beyond the Alps from Rome).

triinscend6, -scendere, -scendi, -sccnsCirus, [trans-scando], 3. v. n., cZimb across, board (ships).

triinsdiicb, see traduco. trlnseb, -ire, -ii, -itus, [trans-eo],

irr. v. a. and n., go across, cross, pass over, go over, pass through, pass, nzi- grate, pass by.

trlnsferij, -ferre, -tuli, -1Htus, [trans-fero], irr. v. a., carry over, transfer, change the pZace of: ad se bellum (direct against, transferring from somewhere else).

triinsfigij, -figere, -fix& -fixus, [trans-figo], 3. v. a., pierce throqh.

triinsfodiij, -fodere, -f6di, -fossus, [trans-fodio], 3. v. a., d2through. - Also, pierce through, wound (by stabbing).

trlnsgredior, -gredi, -gressus, [trans-gradior), 3. v. dep., stej across, step over, cross.

trgnsgressus, -a, -um, p. p. of transgredior.

trlnsitus, -tGs, [trans-itus, cf. transeo], M., a crossing: difficili transitu, of di@cuZt passage, dzJZcult to cross.

triinslltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of trans- fero.

trlnsmarinus, -a, -urn, [trans- mare (sea) + inus], adj.,foreign.

trhnsmissus 153, tripartitus

trznsmissus, -as, [trans-missus, cf. transmitto], M., a crossing, a distance across : pari spatio trans- missiis, with a passage of the same length.

trhsmissus, -a, -um, p. p. of transmitto.

trlnsmittij, -mittere, misi, -missus [trans-mitto], 3. v. a., send over.

triinsportiitus, -a, -um, p. p. of transporto.

trHnsport6, -&, -Lvi, -Htus, [transport~], I. v. a., bring over (with two accusatives), transport, carry over: milites navibus transportari (were crossizg, being taken over).

Transrhihlnus, -a, -um, [trans- Rhenum + anus], adj., Ziving across the Rhitze. -€'Plur. as noun, the 9eopl.e across the Khirze.

triinstrum, -i, [trans (trant-?) + trum], N., a thwart, crsss4eam.

triinsversus, -a, -urn, [p. p. of transverto], as adj., across, athwart, oblique, transverse : fossa (a cross- ditch).

Trebius, -i, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. - See Gallus.

Trebijnius, -i, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Gaius Trebo- nius: I , a Roman knight ; 2, a legatus in Caesar's army.

trecenti, -ae, -a, [tri-centum], num. adj., three hundred.

tredecim [tres-decem], indecl. num. adj., thirteeiz.

trepidb, -Lre, -iivi, -Ztiirus, [tre- pia&], I . v. n., bustle about, hurry : totis trepidatur castris, there is a bustle throughout the camp.

tr&, tria, gen. trium, [st. tri-1, num. adj., three.

TrEveri (-viri), -6rum, [Celtic], M. plur., a people in Gaul, originally German, on the Moselle. Sing., Trevir.

Triboces, -um (-i, -6rum), [Cel- tic], M. plur., a German tribe on the Rhine, about Strasburg.

tribiinus, -i, [tribu-+ nus], A#., (n chief of a tribe). With or without plebis, a tribune (one of several magistrates elected in the assembly of the plebs voting by tribes, to watch over the interests of the com- mons). - With militum or militaris, a tribune of the soldiers, a military tribune.

tribub, -uere, -ui, -iitus, [tribu-1, 3. v. a., (distribute by tribes), distribute. Hence, grant, render, assign, attribute: tanturn dignitatis (pay such res-ect) j magnopere virtuti (attmbute 'it so very much to valor) ; rei publicae (grant out of refard to) ; plus libertati (have more regard for).

tribiitum, -i, [N. p. p. of tribuo], N., a tribute.

triduum, -i, [tri- + st. akin to dies, cf. biduum], N., three days' time, three days.

triennium, -i, [trienni- (tri-annus) + ium], N., three years. tr igintl , indecl. num. adj., thirty. trini, -ae, -a, [tri- + nus], distrib.

num. adj., three each, three sets of; three (o f things in sets).

Trinobantes, -um, [Celtic], M. plur., a people of southern Britain, in the region of Colchester.

tripartitus (tripert-), -a, -urn

triplex I54 tuna

[tri-partitus, p. p. of partio], adj., divided in three. -ESP., tripartit6, abl. as adv., in three divisions.

triplex, -icis, [tri-plex (PLIC as st.)], adj., threefoZd: acies (in three divisions or Zines), tr9Ze.

triquetrus, -a, a m , [tri-tquatrus (quattuor), cf. '' three-square "I, adj., three-cornered, triangdar.

tristis, -e, [unc. root 4- tis], adj., sad, gloomy, dejcted.

tristitia, -ae, [tristi- + tia], F., sadness, a gZoomy state (of mind).

truncus, -i, [?I, M., a trunk. tii, tui, [TVA], plur. vFs [v~],pron.

zd person, you (sing.), you (plur.). tuba, -ae, [?I, F., a trumpet (a

straight instrument for infantry). tueor, tugri, tiitus (tuitus), [?I,

z. v. dep., watch, guard, protect. See also tiitus.

tuli, perf. of fero. Tulingi, -6rum, [Teutonic], M.

plur., a German tribe. Tullius, -i, [Tullo- ius], M., a

Roman gentile name. - See Cicero. Tullus, -i, [?I, M., a Roman

family name. - See Volcatiua. turn [prob. acc. of TA], adv.,

then (at a time indicated by the context), at this time: cum . . . turn, see cum; turn vero (then, with emphasis, of the decisive point of a narrative) j turn maxirne, just then, but especiazly.

tumultuor, 4ri, -%us, [turnultu-1, I. v. dep., make an uproar. - As impersonal, there is an uproar.

tumultuBs6 [old case-form of

tumultuosus], adv., with disorder, noisib.

tumultus, -tiis, [tumul& (perh. reduced) + tus], M., (a swelLing, an uprising ?), an upronr, cozfusion, a commotion. - Esp., an uprising, a conznzotion (of revolt, or a war not regularly declared). - See servilis.

tumulus, -i, [tturn& (whence tumeo, swcZZ) + Ius], M., (a swelling?), a hiZZ, a mound.

tunc [turn-ce, cf. hic], adj., lust thcn, then, at that tinre.

turma, -ae, [TUR (cf. turba, turbo) + ma], F., (a throng?), a squadron, a tvaop (of horse, consisting of thirty men).

Turone8, -um (-i, -6rum), [Celtic], hi. plur., a tribe of Gaul on the Loire. Their city became afterwards Tours.

turpis, -e, [?I, adj., ugly (in appearance). Hence, unbecoming, dis- gracefuZ, base, dishonorable.

turpiter [turpi- + ter], adv., dis- honorably : turpiter factum, an inglorious deed.

turpitiid6, -inis, [turpi- -k tudo], F., baseness. Hence, disgrace.

turris, -is, [?I, F., a tower. tiit5 [old case-form of tutus],

adv., safely, with safely. tatus, -a, -um, [p. p. of tueor], as

adj., protected, safe, secure: victis nihil tutum, no safe.trfor the con- yuered. - tiitF, abl. as adv., in safety, safdy.

tuus, -a, -um, [TVA + ius], adj. pron., your, ywrs.

ubi I 5 5 Uaipetea

U ubi [supposed to be qu6 (dat. of umerus, 4, [?I, M., the Jhoulder.

qui-) + bi], adv., where, in which: umquam (unquam), [supposed to ibi ubi, in tht pZace where.-Also, be for cumquam (cf. quisquam)], of time, when: ubi primum, as soon adv. (with neg.), ever: neque . . . as. . umquam, and never.

Ubii, -6rum, [Teutonic], M. plur., iins, [instr. (or abl. I) of anus], a German tribe on the Rhine, oppo- adv., together, along with them, etc., site Cologne, near which city they at the same time, in the same place, were afterwards settled. also.

bbique [ubi-que, cf. quisque], unde [supposed to be for tcunde adv., everywhere, anywhere. (cum, cf. umquam, + de, cf. inde)],

ulciscor, ulcisci, ultus, [?I, 3. v. adv., whence, from which. dep., punish (an injury, or the doer), tindecim [unus-decem], indecl. avenge (an injury), take vengeance num. adj., eZeven. (absolutely). tindecimus, -a, -urn, [unus-deci-

iillus, -a, -urn j gen. -ius, [mi- + Ius], adj., a singZe (with negatives), any, - As noun (less common), anybody, any one.

ulterior, -us, -ark, [comp. of ulter&, cf. ultra], adj., farther, more remote: ulteriores, those farther of. - Superl., ultimus, -a, -um, [ul- + timus], farthest: ultimi, tdose in the rear.

ultrk [unc. case, perh. instr., of tulter], adv. and prep. with acc., beyond.

ultrti [dat. of tulter (us)], adv., to the farther side, beyond: ultro citroque, this way andthat, back and forth. - Esp. beyond what is ex- pected or required, voluntarily, without provocation, freely, besides: sibi parcere cogi (in spiteof himself) ; ad se venire (without his askiflg it).

ultus, -a, -urn, p. p. of ulciscor. ulillltus, -t%, [ululii- (yell) +

tus], M., a yell, a loud cry.

mus], num. adj., elewenth. undique [undeque, cf. quique],

adv., f rom every side, from all guar- ters. -Also (cf. ab), on every side.

iiniversus, -a, -urn, [uni-versus], adj., all together, all (in a mass), entire. iinus, -a, -um ; gen. -ius, [ ?, old

oenus], adj., one, a single, the same, done (as adv.): una celeritate (alone); unum se esse, that he was the only one; ad unum, to a man.

urblnus, -a, -urn, [urbi- (reduced) + anus], adj., of a city. - Esp., of the city (Rome], in the city.

urbs, urbis, [?I, F., a cP@. - Esp., the city (Rome).

urge6 (urgueb), urgere, ursi, no p. p., [VARG, press, cf. volgus], 2. v. a., press, press hard, urge.

Brus, 4, [Teutonic], M., a wild ox. Usipetea, -urn, [Teutonic], M. pl.,

a German tribe who migrated from eastern Germany to the lower Rhine.

tisitfitus 156 uxor

iisitltus, -a, a m , p. p. of usi- tor.

iisitor, -iiri, -Htus, [tusit6- (as if p. p. of tuso, freq. of utor)], I . v. dep., practrse. - iisitHtus, -a, -um, p. p. in pass. sense, used, practised, customary, nzuch practised.

iisque [unc. case of qu6 (cf. usquam) -que (cf. quisque)], adv., (everywhere), all the way, even to, to tLat &pee (with eo ut), all the time, till, even till.

iisus, -a, -um, p. p. of iitor. iisus, -Cs, [UT (in utor) + tus],

AT., use, practice, expcrieme. Hence, advantage, service. - Esp. : usus est, it is necessary, there is need, is neies- sary (with personal subject) ; also, ex usu, usui, ofadvantlzge, of service, advantageous, to the advantage : usu venire, happelt, occur, turn out, come topass (on trial, in practice) ; usum navium eripi, be deprived of ail use of the ships; quae sunt usui, which are serviceable, are needed, are o f use.

ut (uti), [supposed to be for quoti (qu6- + ti?)], adv. and conj. : a. Interrog., how?-6. Rel., as, so as, when, inasmuch as, consideriizg that it was. - Esp. with subjv., that, in order that, to, so that, so as to, oWough, grantinp that.- Of ten with object-clause compressed in Eng. into some other form of speech: poenam ut, etc. (of beiup), etc.; id facere ut, do this, name&. - Esp. : ut semel, when once, as soon as;

timere ut, fear that not; ut quisquc est . . . ita (inproportzon lz.r).

uter, -tra, -trum ; gen. -trius [qua (cf. ubi) 4- terus (reduced), cf. alter], adj. : a. Interrog., which (of two) ? : uter utri, which to the other. - b. Relative, whichever (of two), the one who (of two). - Neut., utrum, adv., (which of the two), whether.

uterque, utra-, utrum-; gen. utrius-, [uter-que, cf. quisque], adj., both : medium utriusque, between the two. -Plur., of sets: utraque castra, both camps; utrique, both parties. - Rarely of single things : utraeque, 60th women.

uti, see ut. iitilis, -e, [tuti- (st. akin to utor) + lis], adj., use~%l, of w e , helpful. iitilitls, -tiitis, [utili- + tas], F.,

advantage, benejt, service. iitor, iiti, fisus, [?, old oetor,

akin to aveo?], 3. v. dep., avail one's secf of , we, exercise, practise, enjoy, adojt, employ, have (in sense of enjoy or employ), possess, show (qualities which one exercises), occupy (a town), navzgate (a sea) : pace (remain atpeace). - Esp. with two nouns, entploy as, have as, and the like : aliquo adiutore (have one's services). -usus, p. p., often merely with.

utrimque [unc. case of uter (cf. interim) + que (cf. quisque)], adv., on both sides.

utrum, see uter. uxor, -8ris, [?I, F., a wif .

V I57

V V, for quinque, Jive. Vacalus, -i, [?I, M., the west

branch of the Rhine, at its mouth. vacitib, -tinis, [vaca- + tio], F.,

freedom (from something), exentp- tion, immunity.

vacb, -%re, -Hvi, -Ztfirus, [prob. tvac& (cf. vacuus)], I . v. n., be vacant, be free ~ ' Y O ~ J J , be unoccupied, lie waste.

vacuus, -a, -um, [prob. VAC (empty) f vus], adj.,free, unoccupied, vacant, destitute of (ab or abl.).

vadum, 4, [VAD (in vado,go) + um], N., a ford.-Plur., a ford, shoals, shallows : vado, by fording.

vagltus, -a, -urn, p. p. of vagor. vagina, -ae, [?I, F., a sheath. vagor, -Bri, &us, [vag&, roving],

I . v. dep., roam about, roam, wander. vale& valsre, valui, valitfirus, [?,

prob. denominative, cf. validus, strong], 2. v. n., be stroag, have weight, have injuence, be power-ul. -Often with N. pron. or adj. as cog. acc. : plurimum valere, be very strong, have greot we&ht, have p e a t injuence; minus valet, is not very strong; quicquid possunt pedestribus copiis valent, whatever strength they have is in infantry; tantum valebat, had such weight; pudor valet, seu- respect controls.

Valerius, -i, [akin to valeo], M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp. : I .

Gaizis VaZerius Flaccus, propraetor in Gaul, B c. 83. - 2. Lucius Vole- rim Praeconinzrs, a legatus under some unknown proprzetor in Gaul.

H e was defeated and killed in Aqui- tania. - 3. Gaius valerzus Cobz6rus, a Gaul who received the Roman citizenship prob. from No. I.-4. Gaius Valerius Procillus, and (5) Guius Valerius Donnotaurus, sons of No. 3, who fought for Czesar in the war against Vercingetorix.

Valetilcus, -i, [?I, M., a noble of the Haedui.

valetaab, -inis, [prob. valent- + tudo], F., health. -Also, ilI health.

vallEs, -is, [ ? I , F., a valley. vlllum, -i, [N. of vallus], N., a

palzsade, a rampart (the regular fortification of the Romans, made of stakes and built up with earth), a wall.

vlllus, -i, [?I, M., a stake. Vangiones, -um, [Teutonic], M.

plur., a German tribe on the west bank of the Rhine, about modern Worms.

varietls, -tztis, [vari& + tas], F., diversiiy, varie&: pellium (dy ferent colors).

varius, -a, -um, [prob. akin to varus, bent], adj., various, diverse.

vlsti tus, -a, -um, p. p. of vasto. vlstb, -%re, -Hvi, -Fitus, [vastti-],

I . v. a., lay waste, devastate, ravage. vlstus, -a, -um, [?I, adj., waste. -

Also, immense, vast. viticinltib, -6nis, [vaticing- (fore-

tell) + tio], F., divination. -ve [ ? I , conj. enclit., or. vectigal, -Zlis, [N. of vectigalis],

N., an impost, tri6ute. - Plur., rep enues (of a state).

vectigalis 158 Vercingetorix

vectigiilis, -e, [tvectigti- (vectis, akin to veho, + unc. term., cf. castigo) 4- alis], adj., tributary: vectigalis babent, make tributary.

vect6rius, -a, -um, [vector- (cf. veho, carry) + ius], adj., carrying: navigia (transports).

vehementer [vehement- (violent) + ter], adv., violefit&, severe&, strong&, hot&, exceeding&.

vel [prob. imperat. of v010, wish], conj., or: vel . . . vel, either . . . or. -As adv., even.

VelHnius, 4, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Quintus Vela- nius, a tribune of the soldiers in Czsar’s army.

VeliocassEs, -ium, (-i, -6rum), [Celtic], M. plur., a Gallic tribe of Normandy, about Rouen.

Vellaunodiinum, -i, [Celtic], N., a town of the Senones.

VellHvii, -6rum, [Celtic], M. pl., a tribe of Gaul in the Cevennes mountains.

vEl6citPs, -t%tis, [veloci- + tas], P., swiftness, fleetness, speed.

vEl6citer [veloci- 4- ter], adv., sulzyt6y, quickly.

vGl6x, &is, [st. akin to volo (cf. colonus) + cus (reduced?)], adj., swift, quick.

vElum, -i, [?, cf. vexillum], N., a curtain, a veil.- Also, a sail.

velut [vel-ut], adv., even as,justas: velut si, just as 23 as no less than zy

vEnZti6, -6nis, [venii- (hunt) + tio], F., hunting, the chase. - Plur., hunting, hunting exrursions.

vgniitor, -t8ris, [vens- (hunt) + tor], M., a hunter.

vEnd6, -dere, -didi, -ditus, [venur do], 3. v. a., put io sale, sell.

Venelli (Unelli), -6rum, [Celtic: M. plur., a tribe of Gaul in moder Normandy.

Veneti, -6rum, [Celtic], M. plur a tribe of Gaul in modern Brittanj

Venetia, -ae, [venetli- + ia (F. o -ius)], F., the territory of the Veneti.

Veneticus, -a, -um, [Venet& -t cus], adj., of the Veireti.

venia, -ae, [?I, F., indulgenct favor, pardon : petentibus venian dare, grant their repest.

veni6, venire, vi%?, ventfirus [GAM (for gvenio)], 4. v. n., come go: in spem (have hopes). - Sei also usu.

ventit6, -%re, -Hvi, -?itfirus, [as i ventitll- (from vento, old freq. o venio)], I. v. n., come often, visit.

ventus, -i, [?I, M., the wind: ventc se dare, run before the wind.

vEr, vEris, [for tvasar, VAS, burn] N -, spring.

Veragri, -6rum, [Celtic], M. pl. a Gallic people of the Alps, on thc upper Rhone.

Verbigenus, -i, [Celtic], M., a canton of the Helvetii.

verbum, -i, [?, cf. morbus], N., a word: pluribus verbis, atgreat length, animos verbis confinnavit (with en. courop’ng words) ; facit verba, speat fur, etc. ; magna contumelia verbo- rum, with most insulting words.

Vercassivellaunus, -i, [Celtic], M., one of the Arverni, the uncle of Vercingetorix.

Vercingetorix, -igis, [Celtic], M., a noble of the Arverni. Being

vereor I59 vet6

chosen king, he made a stout resistance to Casar, but was finally over- powered by the Romans and surren- dered by his followers.

vereor, -Eri, -itus, [prob. tverti- (akin to wary) ] , 2 . v. dep., fear, be afraid, dread. -veritus, p. p. in pres. sense, fearing.

verg8, -ere, no perf., no p. p. [?I, 3. v. n., incline, slope, look towards (of an exposure), lie towards.

vergobretus, -i, [Celtic], M., Celtic title of the chief magistrate among the Arverni.

vsrisimilis, -e, [veri sirnilis], adj., (like the truth), probable, likely.

veritus, -a, -um, p. p. of vereor. verb [abl. of vGrus], adv., i n

truth, i n fact, certaindy. - With weakened force, but, on the other hand, however. - Often untrans- latable, expressing an intensive (emphatic) opposition, or pointing to the main time, circumstance, fact, or agent in a narrative.

versa, -%re, -Hvi, -Itus, [versb], I . v. a., turn (this way and that), dead wzth (some one or some thing). - Esp. in pass. as dep., turn one's se& engage in, be, fight (as indicated by the context).

versus, -a, -um, p. p. of verto. versus (versum), [orig. p. p. of

verto], adv. and prep. with acc., towards, in the direction of: quoque versus (or as one word), in every direction, all about.

versus, -tis, [VERT + tus], M., a turning.- Esp., a verse (of poetry, where the rhythm turns and begins anew), a line.

Verticij, - h i s , [Celtic], M., one of the Nervii.

verta, vertere, verti, versus, [VERT], 3. v. a., turn: terga (turn andjee) .

Verudoctius, -i, [Celtic], M., a noble of the Helvetii.

vErus, -a, -um, [?, VER (in vereor) + us], adj., (?, seen, visible), true. - Neut. as noun, the truth : repperit esse vera, f m n d the truth to be. - Also, just , right. - See also vero.

veriitum, -i, [veru (a spit) + turn], N . , a spear (of a light kind), a dart.

Vesonti6, -6nis, [Celtic], M., the chief town of the Sequani, now Besayon.

vesper, -eri, [ ? I , M., the evening. vester, -tra, -trum, [ves- + ter

(us)], poss. adj. pron., your, yours. vestigium, -i, [tvestigb (cf.

vestigo) + ium], N., the footstep, the footprint, a track.-Esp. : e vestigio, forthwith (from one's tracks ?) ; eodem vestigio, in the same spot; in ill0 vestigio ternporis, at that instant of time.

vesti6, -ire, -ivi (-ii), -itus, [vesti-1, 4. v. a., clothe, cover. - Pass., clothe one's sptf witk (with thing in abl.), wear.

vestis, -is, [VES (cover) + tis], F., clothing, garments.

vestittls, -tis, [vesti- + tus], M., clothinf, garments.

vetergma, -a, -um, [vetera- (as if st. of vetero) + nus], adj., vet- eran (long in service).

vet6, vetiire, vetui, vetitus, [st. akin to vetus], I. v. a., forbid.

vetus I 60 vindic6

vetus, a i s , [?I, adj., old, former, of long standing: milites (old soldiers, veterans).

vexgtus, -a, -urn, p. p. of vexo. vgxillum, -i, [?, apparently a dim.

of velum], N., a j a g : sub vexillo, in a detachment, without any signa, which were carried only in the regular corps.

vex& -%re, -Hvi, -%tu , [tvex6- (as if p. p. of veho)], I . v. a., (carry this way and that), harass, annoy, commit depredations on, overrun (a country), ravage (lands).

via, -ae, [for veha? (veh- + a)], F., a road, a way, a route, a march : tridui viam, three days’journey.

viltor, -t6ris, [tvia- (as st. of tvio) + tor], M., aatraveller.

vicgni, -ae, -a, [akin to viginti], distrib num. adj., twenty (apiece).

vicEsimus, -a, -um [akin to viginti], num. adj ., twentzeth.

vici6s (-Ens), [akin to viginti], num. adv., twenty times: vicies centurn milia passuum, t w o thousand miles.

vicinitls, -tHtis, [vicinll- (ne2hbor- ing) -I- tas], P., ne&4zborhood, viczn- ity. - Plur., nezzhbors.

vicis, gen. (nom. not found), change, turn: in vicem, in turn.

victirna, -ae, [akin to vinco, perh. going back to the sacrifice of prisoners], F., a victim, i z sucrzyce.

victor, -toris, [VIC (in vinco) + tor], Y., a victor. - Often as adj., victorious, triumphant.

victi3rii, -ae, [victor- + ia], F., victory, success (in war).

victus, -a, -urn, p. p. of vinco.

victus, -tfis, [vIG(?) , (cf. vixi) t tus], M., living, .+e. -Also, meam of Living, food: dornus victusque, inkwourse, lzye in common.

vicus, -i, [VIC (enter) + us], M., (a dwellin,v), a village (a collection of dwellings).

videi3, videre, vidi, visus, [vin, perh. through a noun-st.], 2. v. a,, see, observe, examine (reconnoitre), tahe care (see that). - In pass., be seen, appear, seem, seem best.

Vienna, -ae, [Celtic], I?., a town of the Allobroges, on the Rhone, now Vienne.

vigilia, -ae, [vigil- (awake) + ia], F., a wntch, watching. The Romans divided the night into four watches, and reckoned the time thereby.

viginti [dvi- (st. of duo) + form akin to centum (perh. the same)], indecl. num. adj., twenty.

vimen, -inis, [root (or st.) VI (twine) + men], N., a twig (flexible, for weaving), osier.

vinci6, vincire, vinxi, vinctus, [perh. akin to vinco], 4. v. a., bind, fe t tw,

vinca, vincere, vici, victus, [VIC],

3. v. a. and n., conquer, defeat,pre- vaiZ: naturam (outdo).

vinctus, -a, -urn, p. p. of vincio. vinculum (vinclum), -i, [tvincll-

(st. akin to vincio, perh. primitive of it) + lum (N. of Ius)], N., achain: ex vinculis, i ~ t chains, see ex : in vincula, into prison, into conjnentent.

vindici3, -iire, -%vi, -atus, [viudic-, defender], I . v. a., claini,~cLaim one’s rights a p i n s t , defend: in aliquem (punish) ; Galliam in libertatem

vinea .

161 volgus

(estrrhlzsh the liherty O J a phrase derived from the formal defence of freedom in a Roman court).

vinea, -ae, [vinll- + ea (P. of -eus)], F., a vzneyord, a vine arbor. Hence, a shed (defence, for a besieging party, made like an arbor).

vinum, -i, [?I, N., wine. viol6, -%re, -%vi, -%tus, [?I, I . v. a,,

abuse, violate (a sacred object), lay waste : hospites (injure, a guest being held sacred).

vir, viri, [?I, M., a man, a husband. vires, see vis. virg6, -inis, [?I, F., a maiden, a

maid, a virgin. virgultum, -i, [tvirgula- (?) +

tum, cf. tumultus], N., only in pl., shrubbery, a thicket, bushes (cut for military purposes).

ViridomHrns, -i, [Celtic], M., a noble of the Hadui.

Viridovix, -icis, [Celtic], M., a prince of the Venelli.

viritim [vir + itim, as if acc. of verbal in -tis], adv., man by m a n (of distribution), to each individual.

Viromandui, -6rum, [Celtic], M. plur., a Gallic tribe in modern Picardy.

virtiis, .tatis, [vir& (reduced) + tus], F., manliness, valor, prowess, courage. - Also, merit (generally), noble conduct, virtue: virtute (with gen.), thanks to. - Plur., virtues, merits, good qualities.

vis, vis (?), [?I, F., force, might, violence. - Esp. : vi cogere (forci- b&) ; vim facere, use vioZence; vim hostium prohibere (violent attach) ; vi fluminis oppressi, overcome by the

violent current. - Plur., strength, force, powers, bodzly vigor.

visus, -a, -um, p. p. of video. vita, -ae, [root of vivo t tal, F.,

lzfe, the course of life. vit6, -%re, -%vi, -Ztus, [?, vita-?],

I . v. a., (escape with life, h e through ?), escape, avoid, dodRe.

vitrum, -i, [I], N., woad (a plant used by the Britons for dyeing blue).

vivb, vivere, vixi, victus, [ V I C

(vigor?), cf. victus], 3. v. i i . , live: lacte (live on).

vivus, -a, -um, [VIGOR (?) + us], adj., alive, livzng.’

vix [poss. VIC (in vinco)], adv., with dzflculty, hard&, scarceb, barely. - Also, of time, hard& (. . . when).

VocHtEs, -ium, [Celtic], M. plur., a people of Aquitania, on the Garonne.

Vocci6, - h i s , [Celtic], M., a king of Noricum.

voc6, -%re, -%vi, &us, [voc- (st. of vox)], I . v. a., call by name, caN, sum titon, invite.

Vocontii, -6rum, elti tic], M. PI., a tribe between the I s h e and the Durance.

Volcae, -%rum, [Celtic], M. plur., a people of Gaul in the Roman province. -See Tectosnges aud Arecomici.

VolcPnus (Vul-), -i, [?I, M , Vzd- can (the god of fire and metals).

VolcHtius, 4, [?I, M., a Roman gentile name. - Esp., Gaiur Volcnfius Tullus, a young man in Czsar’s suite.

valgus (vul-), -i, [VoLdTpress) + us], N., the crowd, the com?tzon people, the mass: in volgus efferri,

volrierltus I 62 b

xx

be .Fpread a h a d ; militum (the common soldzers, the army). -vol- g5, abl. as adv., common&, general&, eve?vw/lei*e.

volnedtus, -a, -utn, p. p. of vol- nero.

volnerij (vul-), -%re, -iivi, -itus, [volner-1, I . v. a., zvoiind, hz i~ t .

volnus (vul-), -eris, [prob. akin to vello, plucR], N., a wound.

~015, velle, volui, [VOL], irr. v. a. and n., wish, be willing, want: velle aliquem aliquid, want one f o r anything, want anything of one ; quid sibi vellent, what they wmzted, or meant, or intended to do, what business they had.’

M., (wish, expression of countenance), Zook, countenance, face: vol- tiis fingere, com$ose one’s countenance, conceal one’s feel+; alicuius voltum ferre, clare t o look in one’s fnce.

voluntlrius, -a, -um, [volent- (p. of volo) + arius], adj., volnntary. -As noun, a volunteer.

voltus (vul-), -tfis, [VOL + tus],

voluntls, -tiitis, [volent- (p. of volo) + tas], IC., 7vilLingness, g o o d wdl, consent, desire, wrll, approval, mi znclinatzon : voluntates alienare (<$~OOd.W/N).

voluptiis, -tatis, [volup- (akin to volo) + tas], P., pleasnw, delixht.

VolusEnus, -i, [?I, hf., a Roman family name. - Esp., Gaizis Volzi- serins Quadmtzis, a military tribune in Cosar’s army.

VorEnus, 4, [?I, M., a Roman family name. - Esp., Lziczns Fore- nus, a centurion of Czsar’s army.

V ~ S , see tu. Vosegus, -i, [Celtic], M . , the

V q e s Moiintnins, running north- erly from the Jura along the Rhine.

vovefi, vovEre, v&i, vGtus, [?I, 2. v. a., vow, make a wow.

vijx, vijcis, [voc as st.], F., a voice, a ~~IOYII’, nit exprtssion, a shont. -Collectively, cries, words, talk - Plur., talk, reports: nulla vox au- dita (not a word) ; militum vocibus carpi ( t a m t s ) ; concursu ac vocibus cogi (outcries).

X

X, for decem, ten. XX, for viginti, twenty.

vocabulary · query denotes a doubtful etymology or meaning. pull-faced . type in parentheses...

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