volcanoes. volcano eruption a volcano – is an opening in earth’s crust through which molten...
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Volcanoes
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Volcano Eruption
•A volcano – is an opening in Earth’s crust through which molten rock, rock fragments, and hot gases erupt.
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Magma•Composed of silicon and
oxygen compound•Also contains gases,
which expand as the magma rises
•Pressure builds up until the gases blacks out in a violent explosion
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Magma
•Magma rises toward Earth’s surface if it is less dense than the surrounding rock.
•Magma chambers – holds magma until it can not hold any more and forces the magma out through an eruption.
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Lava
•Lava – is magma that has reached Earth’s surface
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Rock Fragments•Ash – tiny rock fragments.
Size of dust to rice grain. Can be carried long distances by wind (even all the way around Earth)
•Block – Can be the size of houses are solid pieces of rock. Fall quickly after eruption
• Cinders – bigger than ash, contain holes and tunnels left by escaping gases
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Volcano Shapes and Sizes
•Shapes of Volcanoes depend on Magma Feeding
1.) Most erupt from openings in bowl-shaped pits called craters.
2.) Some erupt from long cracks in the ground
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Shield Volcano•Shaped like a broad,
flat dome.•Low silica (flows
easily)
Largest Volcano on Earth and one of the most active!
Name: Mauna LoaLocation: Hawaii Height: 10.5 miles most
is underwater!
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Cinder Cone•A steep, cone-shaped
hill formed by the eruption of cinders and other rock fragments that pile up around a single crater. One of the most
famous volcanosName: ParícutinLocation: MexicoHeight: 1.73miles
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Composite Volcano• A cone-shaped volcano
built up of layers of lava and layers of rock fragments.
• High silica (flows slower and is pasty)
Deadliest and most destructive volcanic event in the history of the US
Name: Mount St. Helens
Location: Washington, US
Height: 1.58 miles
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Monitoring Volcanoes
•Scientist monitor▫Magma movement▫Temperatures at openings, sprins, and lakes on volcanoes
▫Amount and type of gases given off
▫Rising temperatures▫Changes in volcanic gases