· w ood-u sing industries o fc onnecticut. i n t r o du c t i o n . connecticut is one of the...
TRANSCRIPT
T HE C O N N E C T I C U T
AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONN EW
;HAV E N , CO NN.
S . N . S P RI N G , Forester,
I N C O -O P E R AT IO N WITH.
T H E
FO R E S T S E R VI C E ,
U . 5 . DE P A R TM E NT O F AG R ICU LTU R E ,
HE N RY S . G RA VE S , Forester.
B U L L E T I N 1 74 , J A N U A R Y, 1 9 1 3 .
FO RE S T RY P U BL I C A T I O N N o. 7
WO O D-U S I N G I N DU S T R I E S
O F C O N N E C T I C U T
BY
A L BE R T H . P I E R S O N ,
S tatistician in F ores t P roducts ,U . S . F O R E S T S E R VIC E .
T h e B ulletin s of th is S ta tion are mailed free to citiz ens of C on
necticut who apply for them, and to others as far as the edition s
permi t.
CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.
O F F I C E R S A N D S T A F F
BO A RD O F CO N TRO L .
His E xcel lency, S IM E O N E . BALDWIN, ex ofiicio, P resident.
P R O F . H . W. CO N N , Vice P resident M iddletownG E O R GE A . HO P S O N , S ecretary . Wal lingfordE . H. JE N K IN S , Director and T reasurer N ew HavenJO S E P H W. A L S O P .A von
WIL S O N H.-L E E .
E lmwoodJAM E S H. WE BB . Hamden
ADM IN ISTRATI O N .
CHEM ISTR Y .ANALYT IC AL LAB O RATO RY .
PRO TE ID R ESEARC H .
B O TANY .
E NTO M O LO G Y .
F O RESTRY .
P LANT BREE D IN G .
S TAT I O N S TAF F .
E . H . JENK INS , P H .D . , D irector a nd T reasurer.M ISS V . E . C O LE , L ibra rian a nd S tenografi/i er .
M I S b L . M . B R A U T L E C HT , B ookkeeper a n d S tenograpA er .
W I LLIAM VE ITC H , [ n C li a rgeofB zcild ings a nd G round s .
JO HN PH ILL I P S S T REET, M .S . , C lzemist in C lza rge.
E . M O NRO E BAI LEY , PI C . B . M O RR IS O N, B . S .,
C . E . S HE P ARD , A ssistan ts .H U G O LAN G E , L a éora tory Heljer .
V . L . CH U RC H ILL , S ampling Agen t .M ISS E .
'
B . WH ITTLESEY, S tenograjfi/zer .
T . B . O SBO RNE , P H .D C /zemist in C harge .M ISS E . L. F ERRY, A .H., A ssistan t .M ISS L U VA F RAN C IS, S tenograp/zer .
G . P . CL INTO N , S .D . ,B otan ist .
E . M . S TO DDARD , B .S . , A ssistan t.M I S S M . H . JA G G ER, S eed A naly st.M ISS E . B . WH ITTLESEY, C urator.
W. E . BR ITTO N , P H .D . , E n tomologist , also S ta teE n tomologist.
B . H . WALDEN , B .A G R . , D . J. CAFF R EY , B .S . ,
H . B . K IRK ,A ssistan ts .
M ISS F . M . VALENTINE, S tenograp/zer .
WALTER O . F ILLEY, Forester; also S tateForester a nd S ta te F orest F ire PVa ra’
en .
A . E . M oss, M .F . , A ssistan t .M ISS E . L. AVERY , S tenograp/zer .
H . K . HAYES, B .S P lan t B reed er.C . D . H U BBELL , A ssistan t .
N O T E .
T he investigation upon which this report is based was under
taken by the Forest Service in cgpperation with the Connecticut
A gricultural E xperiment Station, the work being done und
’
er the
direction of S . N . Spr ing, State Forester, and O . T . Swan,E ngi
neer in Forest P roducts, in charge of the O ffice ofWood U tilization
,U nited States Department of A griculture
,Washington,
D . C . T he statistics were compi led f rom data collected in 191 1 ,
covering a
'
periOd of one year . By the terms of -the cooperative
agreement, the E xperiment Station is authoriz ed to publish the
findings of the investigation .
C O N T E N T S .
I ntroduction
K inds ofWood
T he P ines
Wh ite P ineL oblollyL ongleat
’
Pine“
Sh'ortleafP ineSugar P ineWestern Yel low P ineP itch P ineI dahoWh ite P ine
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
C hestnut
T ul ip Poplar
Basswood
T he
.
Maple'
s
T he A shes
H ickory
T he B i rches
T he G ums
T he E lms
C herry 24
Beech 24
BlackWalnut 24
O ther N ativeWoods 25 Di rectory
Foreign Woods 25 L umber C ut in 1910
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A P P E N DIX .
Wood U ses by Species
I ndustries
Boxes
Planing M i l l Products
Sash, Doors , B l inds and G eneral M i l lwork 33
Mus ical I nstruments 35
Ships and Boats 37
C locks 39
Veh icles and Veh icle Parts 41
Hand les 43
C arpenters’ T oo ls 45
Woodenware and N ovelties 45
M iscel laneous 48
C hairs 50
F ixtures 53
Shuttles, Spools,B obbi n s ,
E tc. 53
E lectrical E q uipment 56
A gricultural Imp lements 56
F i rearms 59
Machinery 59
Patterns 59
Furniture 61
Printing Material s 63
C igar Boxes 63
T anks 63
Sporting G oods 66
L aundry A ppl iances 66
Butchers’ Blocks 66
Woods C lass ified by I ndustries 66
Summary ofA verage Prices 68
Wood-U sing Industries O fC onnecticut.
I N T R O DU C T I O N .
Connecticut is one o f the most densely populated states o fthe U nion . Its square mi les are occup ied by over a mill ioninhabitants . A very large percentage of its people res ide withintwo score manufacturing centers and depend directly upon industrial employment for a l ivelihood . T he var ious industriesinclude nearly factories
,with an invested cap ital of more
than a third of a bi llion dollars,an annual output worth a like
sum, and a payroll o f some millions . A considerable number ofthese factories convert the raw material o f the forest intofinished products . T he report of the lumber cut o f the U nitedStates in 1910, prepared by the Bureau of the Census in coOpera
tion with the Forest Service, U nited States Department of A griculture, shows that the Connecticut sawmills cut overboard feet in that year . P art o f the lumber made
'
in the Stateis shipped away
,and of the total domestic consumption probably
one-fourth I S utiliz ed In rough lumber and In general construction .
T he total consumed by the Connecticut wood-using industr ies in1910, including lumber purchased from other states, amountedto 1 10 feet .T he amount o f wood taken f rom the forests in forms other
than lumber has been on ly roughly estimated, but the quantityo f lumber annually milled in Connecticut has been determinedfor some years . This is the first attempt to follow the lumberfrom the sawmill through the factories . T he information herepresented shows the relations between the wood—using industriesof Connecticut and her forests . It also shows to what extentthe State’s native resources are drawn upon to meet homerequi rements, and to what extent manufacturers draw fromoutside.
This report is intended to answer the question of what becomesO f the seventy-two or seventy-three mi ll ion feet o f rough lumber that are used each year in Connecticut’s wood—using factories .It also discusses properties of the various woods that fit them foruse in certain industries and the products made from these woods .It gives the average cost o f lumber del ivered at the factory
,both
home—grown and sh ipped—in mater ial . T he prices given,it must
be remembered, are not market prices , but are merely an averagecomputed from many different grades and forms of each k indof wood reported .
There arefifty—eight kinds of wood used by Connecticut manu
facturers. Twenty— S ix of them are from timber grown wholly
or partially within the State. T he remainder are obtained either
from other states,from Canada
,or from foreign countries.
T able I shows that of the woods listed forty-eight are domestic
and ten foreign-grown species . T he first column of the table
gives the common names of the different species used and thesecond column gives the botanical names .
It will be noted that the above table gives the kinds of wood
consumed by Connecticut wood manufacturing establishments
arranged in order o f quantity used . Wh ite p ine heads the list,supplying one—fifth of all the raw material . O ver 60 per cent .of the wh ite p ine goes to box makers at a lower price, del ivered,than is paid by fourteen other industries using this wood . The
most costly grades of white pine are demanded by the ship build
ers and the manufacturers of musical instruments . Chestnut is
the most important hardwood,used and comes second in the
amount consumed . It forms a larger proportion of the forest than
any other commercial tree. Why the lumber regions of other
states are called'
on for a l ittle over two-thirds of the chestnut
needed is a difficult matter to explain . Nearly one-half o f the
chestnut consumed by the factories goes into p ianos and cabinet
o rgans,the larger part of it into piano cases . No other wood
reported is used by a larger number of industries than tulip
poplar . N ineteen of the twenty-s ix report‘
using it . A s tudy of
the table brings out the fact that 50 per cent . ofthe wh ite oak
used is home—grown . Boat building uses more of it than any
other industry.
It is surprising that 75 per cent . of the h ickory used by the
manufacturers of Connecticut grows in the State; for it would
seem that the supply of a wood so useful and produced so near
the place of consumption would have long s ince been completely
exhausted . Dogwood is not called for in large quantities, but,like wh ite birch, often called gray birch, the demand is met
entirely by home—grown wood,as is also the demand for aspen,
pitch pine,and applewood . O ver 90per cent . of the butternut or
white walnut used is cut in the State. L oblolly, which leads
the Southern pines , is sometimes sold with shortleaf pine as
K INDS O F WO O D.
North Carolina p ine;and s ince it is often d ifficult to separate thetwo, they have been classed rather arbitrari ly . It is a matter of
interest that longleaf pine occup ies eighth place in Table I .
M ost o f the cypress consumed come from the Carolinas . The
F lorida wood is also in demand, but L ouisiana cypress is reported
only in small quantities .
T he two general classes into which woods are divided by users
are hardwoods and softwoods . Th is class ification is not based
absolutely on hardness or softness, but is an arbitrarydistinctionwhich has come into general use because it is convenient and
holds true generally. T he broadleaf trees are hardwoods ; the
needle—leaf species are softwoods .x
T HE P I N E S .
T he eight S pecies of“
p ine used in Connecticut make up over
40 per cent . of the total consumption . With the exception of
the white and pitch p ine, the supply is obtained entirely from
other states .
WH ITE PINE .
Wh ite p ine (Firms strobus) furnishes 25per cent. of the lumber used in manufacturing. It is found from N ew E ngland west
ward to M anitoba, southward to northern I llino is, and in the’
A ppalach ian regions southward to northern G eorgia . In v irgin
forests the white p ine often attains - great s iz e, but much the
greater part of the timber now being cut in New E ngland is sec
0nd growth and often small . Because the wood is light, soft, and
easily worked, it has always been in great demand . O nly about
one-fifth o f the amount used is grown in Connecticut . A l ittle
more than 90 per cent. of the total quantity made into wood p ro
ducts is reported by the box makers and the manufacturers ofsash, doors, blinds , and other planing
“ mill products .
L O BLO LLY PINE .
The most important of the yellowp ines used by Connecticutmanufacturers is loblolly (F irms taeda) . It comprises 6 per cent .
of the total and comes from Virginia and North Carolina . It
makes rapid growth and takes possess ion of abandoned‘
fields in
a surprisingly short time. T he wood is generally rather brittle
and coarse-grained, its texture being much affected by the con
CO NNE CTIC U T E X PE R IM E NT S TA TIO N,BU LLE TIN N o. 1 74.
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I O CO NNE CTICU T E X PE R IM E NT S TATIO N,BU LLE TIN N O . 1 74.
ditions under which it is grown . It is used for a great varietyO f purposes where strength and resistance to decay are not
essentia l . Loblolly is used extensively in Connecticut in com
petition with spruce and white pine.
L O NG LE AF PINE .
Over feet O flongleaf pine are consumed annually by
thewood-using industries of Connecticut . Longleaf (F irms palmtm
’
s ) is the most important structural pine grown in the South .
Shortleaf and longlea f pine form the bulk O fthe cut of lumber inthe G ulf States . T he wood is hard
, strong, and generally showsnarrow rings o f growth . Three-fourths o f the consumption of
this wood reported in Connecticut is by builders of ships and
boats.
SH O R TLE AF PINE .
N ext in importance is the shortleaf pine (P inus echinata) .
Much of it is sold in Connecticut mixed with loblolly, as_N _orth
Carolina pine or as Virgin ia p ine. I ts range extends through
out the Southern States,but west O f- the M iss issippi R iver is the
region where it grows most abundantly and attains its largestsize. T he entire quantity reported was consumed by the manu
facturers o f sash, doors, blinds, general mill work,‘
and plan ing
mi ll products.
SUG AR PINE .
O ne and three-quarter million feet o f this western white pine
(P inus lambertiana) was used in Connecticut . It is found in
heavy stands in southern Oregon and in Ca l i fornia . T he wood is
light, soft, and easily worked . T hese qua lities make it valuable
for the same purposes as thoseforwhich the'
eastern white pine is
employed . Only the higher grades Ofthe wood are sh ipped to
the E ast . A n average price of per thousand is obta ined“
for it in Connecticut .
WE S TE R N YE LLOW PINE .
This species (Firms pondemsa) isnative to every State west O f
the G reat P lains and ranges from southern British Columbia to
northern Mex ico . T he wood is variable in color, running from
pale yellow to an orange-brown . It is usually fine-gra ined and,
K INDS O F WO O D.
although naturally heavier and much more resinous than whitepine
,is occasionally sold as a substitute for that species.
PITCH PINE .
Of the eastern yellow pines only one species, pitch pine (P inusrigida) , grows within the limits ofConnecticut. T he wood is of
medium weight and hardness and rather coarse-grained . T he
treehas a large proportion o f sapwood and is decidedly resinous.
I ts principal use is in boxes and crates.
I DAH O WH ITE PINE .
This spieces (P inus monticola) is a true white pine and, l ike
the eastern white pine, has five needles in a cluster. It is a native
O f the northern R ocky Mountain region . A s it is light, soft,and easy to work, i t is readily adaptable to all purposes forwhich
eastern white'
pine is used .
SPR U C E .
From the reports received, i t has not been possible to deter
minevVhat species o f spruce is used in each case. Doubtless most
o f that reported is'
red spruce (P icea rubens ) . This is an upland
tree found from N ew Brunswick to the high peaks o f“N orth
Carolina . T wo other species are found in the E ast; black
spruce (P icea mariana) , which is a swamp tree and is found
much farther north than red spruce; and white spruce (P icea
canademis ) , found in N ew E ngland,northern N ew York, the
Lake States,South Dakota
,Montana
,British Columbia, and
northwest to Alaska . S itka spruce, the largest spruce in the
U nited States, is native to the P acific Coast States o f the north
west. On ly a very small quantity of this species reaches
Connecticut .
HE MLOCK .
T he eastern hemlock ( T suga canadensis ) is found from N ova
S cotia to M innesota across the northern tier o f states, and fO l
lows the Appalachian highland south to northern G eorgia .
Connecticut supplied more o f this wood to its wood—using indus
tries than was brought in from other states. It is a light, strong,coarsewood, useful formany purposes, but is used principally for
cheap fin ish and for boxes and crates.
1 2 CO NNE CTICU T E X PE R IM E NT S TATIO N,BU LLE TIN N O . 1 74.
C YPR E SS .
Cypress, or bald cypress ( T axodium distichum) is a swamp
tree of the southern coasta l region . T he wood has great dura
bility, does not shrink nor warp badly, and is practica lly tasteless.
These qualities make it desirable for many special purposes.
Although the planing mills consume the largest quantit ies of thewood, it is in great demand by the manufacturers o f tanks, sh ipsand boats.
T HE C E DA R S .
A number o f woods are known as cedar. Those used in C on
nectic-ut are probably the southern white cedar ( C hamcecypam'
s
thyoides ) , with a range extending from southern Ma ine to
F lorida,chiefly near the Atlantic coast in swamps and best
developed in N ew Jersey and s'
outhward; the northern wh ite
cedar,or arborvitae ( T huja occidentalis ) , growing in the north
eastern part o f the U nited S tates,now most abundant in the Lake
S tates; the red cedar, sometimes ca lled Juniper (Junipems vir
giniana) , growing in all states east,and in several west, o f the
M ississippi R iver, but now most abundant in Tennessee and south
ward;and western red cedar,O ften ca lled giant arborvi tae ( T huja
plicata) , common in the northwestern part o f the U nited States.
T he southern wh ite cedar is employed in Connecticut chiefly for
boat planking. T he northern wh i te cedar serves well for the
same purpose, a lthough it is a smaller tree, and because of wind
shakes and other defects is not so well adapted for lumber.
T hewestern red Cedar— the largest cedar in this country— is used
more for shingles than for any other purpose. All cedars are
classed as durable in contact with the soil . T he red cedars are
so named on account o f the color of the heartwood, and thewhite
cedars because of the lack O fsuch color. T he red cedar from the
South is in much demand for clothes chests because of its odor,which is sa id to be repellent to moths .
TAMAR ACK .
T he Tamarack ( L arix laricina) is a northern tree. I n
Connecticut it is often ca lled hackmatack . T he wood is rather
coarse-grained but hard,strong
,and durable. O ne o f its chief
K INDS O F WO O D .
uses in the State is for small ship knees. T he roots are the part
o f the tree reported as used in Connecticut, and most o f it comesfrom Maine
,where it grows in cold swamps. T he best ship
knees are developed above O ld beaver dams, where the made soil
rests on heavy clay which roots can not penetrate. When theyreach the clay they turn at right angles, forming the desired
crooks .
DO U G L A S FI R .
Just as longleaf pine is the important construction timber fur
nished by the Southern States, so Douglas fir (P seudot’
suga taxi
folia) is the great construction wood furn ished by the N orthwest
ern and P acific States. It . is s old under a number of different
names in various parts O fthe country,being known also as O re
gon pine, red fir,Oregon fir
, Wash ington pine, and Douglas
spruce. T he wood is very strong and stiff, and on account o f the
great size o f the timbers that can be cut, and its relative cheap
ness at the point o f production,Douglas fir has forced its
'
way into
E astern markets in competition with longleaf pine. It takes stain
and pa int well, holds nails firmly, and on the P acific Coast is much
used for doors. I ts use for interior fin ish is just beginning in
the E astern States, but appears to be increasing.
T HE OAKS .
Although the industries O fConnecticut demand a larger amount
O f so ftwoods than O fhardwoods, many kinds of the latter are
also used . Among the principal hardwoods employed by the
manufacturers of Connecticut are the oaks, which area separated
into two general classes by wood workers— white oaks and red
oaks. T he user naturally does not make so close a distinction as
the botanist, but the wh ite oaks and the red oaks are generally
separated in the factories. T he user bases the distinction O n
the relative quality o f the woods, for the‘
wh ite oaks are as’
a
class harder, tougher, stronger and more durable than the redoaks. T he botanist
’
s classification is based on differences in
flower, fruit, and leaf .
WH ITE O A K .
T he most important tree in the white oak group is that wh ich
nearly always bears the name wh ite oak (Quercus alba) . I t is
I 4 coN N E C T I C U T E X PE R IM E NT S TATIO N,BU LLE TIN N O . 1 74.
common '
throughout the eastern half of the U n ited States,and
is a va luable forest tree o f Connectic .ut T hewood 15 stiff, strong,
hard, and resists decay Well . Itwil l take a number of styles of
color finish, rang1ng from pa le green,brown
,or gray mission
,
to the golden wh ich is S O much admired in furniture and interiorwork . I ts prominent medullary rays ( the bright streaks in the
wood radiating from the heart outward ) fit it for quarter sawing,by which as much as possible o f the surface of the rays is exposed
to view. Lumber classed as white oak in Connecticut includessevera l species which are distinguished from one another wh ilethe trees are standing
,but not usually separated in the lumber
yard or factory. Among these are burr oak ( Quercus macrocarpet) , cow oak (Quercus michauxii) , post oak (Quercusminor) , swamp white oak (Quercus platanoides ) , and sometimeschestnut oak (Quercus M inus) . T he three last are native and
abundant I n Connecticut. E ighteen industries in the State report
the use Of white oak,nearly one fourth of the total quantity
going into the construction of ships and boats.
TABLE II . CO N N E CTICUT I N DU S TR IE S US IN G WH ITE O A K .
NAM E O F INDU S TR Y
Total
Ships and boatsSash, doors, blinds and generalmil l workP laning mil l productsVehicles and vehicle partsMusical instrumentsMiscellaneousClocksChairsFixturesHandlesWooden wareSporting and athletic goodsElectrical machinery and apparatus
Agricultural implementsMachinery and apparatus, not
electricalFurnitureShuttles, bobbins and spoolsLaundry appliances
* Less than . I of I % .
KINDS O F WO O D .
R E D O A K .
Of the score or more oaks in the red oak group, one speciesmay be taken as typical of all . This is generally known
,both
at'
the mill and in the woods,as red oak
,a lthough it is occa
sionally called black or Spanish oak . I ts botanical name is
Quercus rubm. Other members of the group familiar to the
manufacturers of Connecticut are black or yellow oak (Quercusvelutina) and scarlet oak ( Quercus coccinea) . Th irteen industries in the State report theuse of red oak . T he largest users areclock makers. Many manufacturers report oak without stating
Whether it is wh ite or red; I n fact, the oak lumberwhich reaches
factories is apt to be a mixture of many species, difficult toseparate and distinguish .
TABLE I I I . CO N N E CTICUT I N DUS TR IE S U S IN G R E D O A K .
N AM E O F INDU S TR YAverageper 1 000 Total
ClocksP laning mil l productsSash , doors, blinds and generalmil l workVehicles and vehicle partsMiscellaneousChairsFixturesElectrical machinery and apparatus
Agricultural implementsFurnitureBoxes and cratesMusical instrumentsProf. and scientific instruments
CHE STN U T .
I n Connecticut,chestnut is more used than any other hardwood,
and more than one—third of the supply is State-grown . T he
annua l sawmill output o f chestnut in the State is larger than the
combined Out of allother hardwoods. N ineteen industries report
its use, as appears in Table IV. Musical instrument makers
demand nearly as much as do all the other industries combined,but most o f the chestnut that goes into musical instruments comes
3 682185 1000
1 6 CO NNE CTICU T E X P E R I M E N T‘
S T A T I O N,BU LLE TIN N O . 1 74.
from outside the S tate. T hewood is light,rather Strong
, and has
a handsome grain when properly finished . T he tree is found in
the northeastern p art o f the U n ited States,south O f southern
Maine. It is liable to attack by several diseases;and just now isbeing destroyed in much of its northern range by a fungus whichinduces what is commonly called the chestnut bark
Much chestnut timber is in fested with boring insects,which cause
the sma ll holes in so-called “wormy chestnut .”
TABLE IV. CO N N E CTICUT I N DU S TR IE S U S I N G CH E S TN UT.
NAME O F INDU S TR Y
Total
Musical instrumentsP laning mil l productsSash, doors, blinds and generalmi ll workShips and boatsMiscel laneousClocksFixturesProf. and scientific instrumentsBoxes and cratesWooden wareFurnitureMachinery and apparatus, not
electricalPatternsLaundry appliancesAgricultural implementsVehicles and vehicle partsHandlesPrinting materialsElectrical machinery and apparatus
* Less than . I of
TU LIP P OP LAR .
This tree is usually called white wood in Connecticut, but ismore generally known as the tul iptree, because of its tulip—Shaped
flOwer, from wh ich it derives its botanical name, L im’
odendron
Those interested, and who Wish further information concerningthe chestnut-bark disease, are referred to Farmers’ Bulletin, No . 467
of the United S tates Department ofAgriculture,“T he Control of the
Chestnut Bark Disease”; also to the 191 1-1 2 Report O f the Botanist,
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment S tation .
1 8 CO N NECTICUT EXPERIMEN T STATIO N,BULLETIN N O . 174.
BASS WOOD .
This tree ( T ilia americana) occurs in northeastern U nited
States and follows the Appa lachian h ighland southward . Hal f
o f the present total cut is credited to Wisconsin and M ichigan .
It is not abundant in Connecticut . T heWood is light in color andweight, is rather tough
,but soft
,and without conspicuous grain .
I n this S tate the makers of clocks and musical instruments use
much more O f it than is consumed by,
all other industries com
bined . ( S ee Table VI . )
TABLE VI . CO N N E CTICUT I N DU S TR IE S US I N G BASS'
WO O D.
NAME O F IN DUSTRY
Total
Musical instrumentsClocksBoxes and crates 00
Prof. and Scientific instrumentsMachinery and apparatus, not
electrical 18
HandlesSash ,
doors, blinds and generalmil l workPrinting materialsWooden wa
‘re
Vehicles arid vehicle partsFixturesCigar boxesMiscellaneousFurniture
T HE MAP LE S .
Connecticut manufacturers report the use o f hard and soft
maple. E ither O fthese names may includemore than one species,but genera lly hard maple is the sugar tree (A cer sacchamm) ,and soft maple is the red maple (A cer mbmm) . Woodsmeneasily distinguish these in the forest by their general appearance.
T he U nited States Census, in its annua l report o f lumber cut,makes no distinct ion,
and a lthough the total sawmill output of
the U nited States probably includes a dozen species of maple, i t
is a ll listed under the.
one name maple.
”R ock maple is
KINDS O F WO O D .
not a distinct species, but the name is usua lly applied to the hard
or sugar maple. E ighteen industries in Connecticut use maple,
the largest users being the musical instrument makers,with
cha irmanufacturers next . ( S ee T ableVI I . ) N early 23 per‘ cent .
of the hard maple,and nearly 30 per cent . o f the soft maple
manufactured into commodities,grows in the State.
TABLE VI I . CO N N E CTICUT I N DU S TR IE S U S I N G MAPLE .
NAME O F IN DUSTRY
Musical instrumentsChairsHandlesWoodenware and noveltiesPlaning mi ll productsCarpenters’ toolsAgricultural implementsSash, doors, blinds and generalmil l workVehicles and vehicle partsClocksMiscel laneousShip and boat buildingFixturesShuttles, spools
'
and bobbinsBoxes and cratesPrin ting materialsMachine partsButchers’ blocksFurniture
1 1
T HE ASHE S .
T hree species of ash are native to Connecticut . E ach is named
from the color of its wood or bark. They arewhite ash (Fraxinusame'mcana) , black ash (Fraxinus nigm) , and
ired ash (m imus
pennsylvamcum) .
”
T he Connecticut manufacturers probably use
all three species,but report only two kinds, wh ite and brown .
T he latter“
probably includes all that is not white ash,and possibly
some of that, for the distinction seems to be based on the color
of the wood without much regard to species. T he brown ash
reported is used ch iefly for interior house fin ish and for plan ing
mill products, while the white ash goes into veh icles. S ixteen
industries report ash,but more is used in veh icle making than in
20 C O N N ECTI C UT EXPERIMENT STATIO N,BULLET I N N O . 1 74.
any other industry. ( S ee Table VI II . ) A sh is va luable chiefly
because it is strong, stiff, and hard . It has enough figure to giveit va lue in furn ituremaking
,stairwork
, and inside finish .
TABLE VII I . CO N N E CTICUT I N DU S TR IE S U S I N G ASH .
N AME O F IN DUSTRY
Total
Vehicles and vehicle parts 465P lan ing mil l products 660000Sash , doors, blinds and generalmil l workMiscel laneousHandlesShuttles, bobbins and spoolsAgricultural implementsSporting and athletic goodsBoxes and cratesPrinting materialsMachinery and apparatus, not
electricalMusical instrumentsShips and boatsFurnitureWooden wareProf. and scientific instruments
HICKOR Y.
A s in the case o f ash, a number of species o f hickory are used
without much attempt to distingulsh them . Four or five species
grow in Connecticut, and its sawmills cut more of th is wood than
do those of any other N ew E ngland S tate. T he country’
s chief
supply, however, comes from the middle and lower M ississippiVa lley . H ickory has been ca lled the indispensable wood because
for some purposes no satisfactory substitute has been found . It
is strong, tough, elastic and hard, and has no equal for long,
slender handles, as well as for. buggy Spokes, poles and shafts.
E leven industries in Connecticut report its use. ( S ee Table IX . )More than three— fourths o f the tota l is consumed by makers of
vehicles and handles.
2
-27
KINDS O F WO O D.
TABLE IX .
"
CO N N E CTICUT I N DU S TR IE S U S I N G H I C KO RY .
NAME O F INDUSTRY
Total
Vehicles and vehicle partsHandlesShuttles, spools and
Prof. and scientific instrumentsAgricultural implementsBoxes and cratesSash, doors, blinds and generalmill workSporting and athletic goods .
Ships and boatsMiscellaneousFurniture
T HE BIR CHE S .
F ive species of birch grow in Connecticut :sweet birch (Betnla
lento) , yellow birch (Betnla lntea) , paper birch (Betnla pom/rifem) , river birch (Betnla nigm) , and wh ite birch, frequently
called gray,
birch (Betnla populifolia) . Three o f these are
extensively used,but on ly two, yellow birch and sweet birch,
are
of importance in Connecticut T he birch employed for furn iture
and -interior finish for houses 1s mostly the yellow. P aper birch
is the best spool wood . Indians and traders formerly made canoes
of its bark, and it has not yet wholly gone out of use for that
purpose. T he richly colored heartwood o f the sweet and yellow
birches gives them value for industrial purposes. T he sweet
birch is so ca lled because o f the sweet flavor of the inner bark .
Musical instrument makers are the largest users of the wood in
Connecticut; but much is made into doors. N ine industries in
the State report birch,but genera lly the particular species used
is not stated . ( S ee T able X . )
T HE G U M S .
Connecticut manufacturers U se three gum woods, two O f
which grow in the State. Cotton gum or tupelo N vssa ognatica)and water gum (N yssa biflom) are not native to the State, but
black gum or pepperidge (N yssa sylvatica) is a common tree‘
,
2 2 CO N N E C T ICUT EXPERIME N T STATIO N ,BULLETI N N O . 1 74.
TABLE X . CO N N E CTI CUT I N DU S TR IE S U S IN G B I RC H .
N AME O F IN DUSTRY
Total
Musical instrumentsWoodenware and noveltiesChairsShuttles, spools and
Sash , doors, blinds and generalmillworkAgricultural implementsP laning mil l productsMachinery and apparatus— electrical
ClocksMiscellaneousFurniturePrinting materialsFixturesVehicles and vehicle partsShip and boat bui lding
wh ile red gum ( L iquidambar styraciflna) is occasionally foundin the southwestern corner. N o native gum wood is reported
,
however, the cotton and water gums and red gum of commerce
coming from the South . Water gum,like the native black gum ,
is known as one of themost difficult domestic woods to split unless
frozen . R ed gum is popular as a material for furn iture and
finish, and lumbermen Speak o f it as two kinds of lumber, sap,and red or heart . T he same tree produces both , but some
trees are nearly all Sap, while others may be nearly a ll heart .
When cut in rotary veneer around the log a . figure closely resem
bling Circassian walnut is O ften shown , which makes it valuable
for table tops and panels. I n Connecticut the makers of fire
arms use more than feet of red gum yearly for gun and
pistol stocks as a substitute for black walnut . T he largest useof gum in the S tate is for sash, doors, blinds, and general mill
work . ( S ee T able XI . )
T HE E L M S .
Three species of elm are used by Connecticut manufacturerswh ite elm ( U lmus americana) , slippery elm ( U lmus pubescens ) ,
KINDS O F WO O D .
TABLE XI . CO N N E CTICUT I N DU S TR IE S U S IN G R E D G U M .
N AME O F IN DUSTRYTotal
Sash, doors, blinds and generalmil l workP laning mil l productsFirearms
M iscel laneousMusical instrumentsClocksCigar boxFixturesFurnitureElectrical machinery and apparatus .3
and cork elm ( U lmus racer/now ) , the last not being found in the
S tate: Little effort is made to separate the species. R ock elm
is a name given to hard, tough wood, but it does not apply to
any particular species; it may be any one of the three. Musica l
insti‘ument makers use about one—ha l f o f the elm reported
used_in the State. T he rest is divided among a number of
industr1es. ( S ee T able XI I . ) Cigar boxes took feet,although elm is rarely reported by that industry.
TABLE X I I . CO N N E CTICUT I N DU S TR IE S U S IN G E L M .
N A M E O F INDU S TR Y
Total
Musical instrumentsVehicles and vehicle parts .
Boxes and cratesCigar boxesWoodenware and noveltiesChairsSash, doors, blinds and generalmil l work
Agricultural implementsHandlesShip and boat buildingMiscel laneousFurniture
2 10,500
26.5
5-1
44
3-4
1 -49.8O
.48
.28
.24
. I O
44-50
$195 1750
24 CO NNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATIO N, BULLETIN N O . 174.
CHE R R Y.
P ractically all of the cherry lumber ofthis country comes froma S ingle species (P runus serotina) , generally known as wild or
black cherry . T he fine color o f the heartwood gives i t muchva lue for many purposes. Twelve industries in Connecticut
report its use, but nearly hal f goes into professiona l and scien
tific instruments,the next largest use being for handles. T he
best original stands o f cherry in the U nited States were found
through western N ew York,southward through P ennsylvania
and West Virginia . It is not an important timber tree in C on
necticut, but small quantities are cut by many mills. ( S ee TableXIII . )
TABLE XII I . CO N N E CTICUT IN DU S TR IE S U S IN G CHE R RY.
NAM E O F INDU S TR Y
Total
Prof. and scientific instrumentsHandlesP laning mil l productsMusical instrumentsPrin ting materialsChairsWooden wareSash, doors, blinds and generalmil l workFixturesPatternsVehicles and vehicle partsShips and boats
BE E CH .
T he one species of beech native to this country is common east
of the M ississippi R iver. T he wood is hard, heavy, and strong,and is used extensively for carpenter’
s tools and scientific instru
ments. It polishes well, but is apt to check in seasoning. Over
50 per cent. of the amount used in Connecticut is grown in t he
State.
BLACK WALN U T .
This wood is cut in more than thirty states, but is no longer
abundant any where. Very large trees once grew in Connecticut,
26 CO NNE CTICU T EXPERI M ENT STATIO N,BULLETI N N O . 1 74.
Brazil; lignum-vitae from theWest Indies; ebony from Mada
gascar and Ceylon,and teak from British India and Burma .
IN D U S T R I E S .
T he various woods demanded by the Connecticut manufactur
ers are listed and discussed on the preceding pages. T he indus
tries using these woods, the extent to which they are used,and
the qualities which make them va luable will next be considered .
There are twenty-six Connecticut industries l isted in T able XIV .
TABLE X IV. CO N S U M P TIO N O F WO O D
Quantity used annual ly
I N DUSTRY
Rank
Boxes and cratesP laning mil l productsSash,
doors, blinds and general millworkMusical instrumentsShips and boats
ClocksVehicles and vehicle partsHandlesCarpenters’ too lsWoodenware and novel ties
Miscel laneousChairsFixturesShuttles, Spools, bobbins etc.
Electrical apparatus
Agricultural implements .4
FirearmsMachinePatternsFurniture
Printing materialsCigar boxesTanksSporting and ath letic goodsLaundry appliances
Butchers’ blocks 35-73
Totals
Less than 1 -1 00 ofone per cent.
I N DUSTRIES .
T o mainta in un i formity in the reports,the same classification is
here followed that has been used in preparing S imilar reports forother states. Connecticut is surpassed by many states in the
amount o f wood used for manufacturing purposes, but only six
of the twenty states already studied exceed Connecticut in the
number of industries and the diversity of manufactured wood
products.
Whenevermore than threemanufacturers in the State specialize1n themaking of a certain commodi ty, or closely related commodi
ties,their specia lty is classed as an industry. For instance, the
I N CO N N E CTICUT— BY I N DUSTRI E S .
- ’ G rown in Conn ecticut G rown out of Conn ecticut
28 CO N N ECTI C UT EXPERIMENT STATIO N,BULLETIN N O . 1 74
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I N DUSTRIES .
cigar box manufacturers make one kind of conta iner, the trunk
manufacturers another, and the casket manufacturers, in theirouter cases or rough boxes, still another. Instead of listing the'
se
several products as Boxes,they are classified under the separate
titles. T he same rule accounts for noting the manufacture o f
cha irs as distinct from furniture making,but in severa l cases
the classifications run so closely together that a distinction is
difficult to make. Because of this fact,an arbitrary div ision of
the data is sometimes unavoidable. T hese cases “
wi ll be pointed
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the discuss1on of the individua l industry
tables. I n many cases,the information given by a single manu
facturer relates to the making of products listed under several
different industries. T his explains the frequent appearance inthe directory of this report o f the names of the same manu
facturer under more than one industry heading . S evera l sma ll
industries,in which no more than two establishments reported
,
are grouped together under the caption “M iscellaneous.
”
Over a year is pa id by theConnecticut wood usersfor their raw material . Less than 1 5 per cent ,
of th is is pa id
for home—grown woods. Th is leaves more than as the
sum which Connecticut thus pays out each year to other states.
I n not a ' few instances,this purch ase money is expended for
material wh ich might beproduced in the State.
BOXE S .
I n Connecticut more lumber is used for boxes and crates than
for any other class O fwood products,but the cost of the box
materia l,over was considerably less than the cost o f
lumber reported by industries using smaller quantit ies. T he
musical instrument makers, for instance, paid more, and
used less than one—ha l f of the quantity,while the sash and door
factories used nearly feet less but paid more.
Much of the materia l used for boxes is of the cheaper grades,
as shown by the fact that the average price, per thousand
feet,is lower than that for raw materia l reported by any of the
other twenty-five classes of manufacturers.
T he stat istics in T able XV include the materia l used not only
by box factories but a lso by box—making departments of other
manufacturing industries,which produce packages and crates to
CO N N ECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATIO N,BULLETI N N O . 174.30
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I N DUSTRIES .
meet their own requirements only . I n the directory appended to
this report, box factories are designated by an asterisk There
is a class of box makers who purchase their materia l in the form
of S hooks or knocked-down boxes;these are manufacturers only
in that they assemble or na il the parts together. T his class of
box makers was not asked to make a report,S ince in formation
concern ing the materia l used by them will be secured from the
Shook makers and appear in the report o f the particular S tatein which their several factories are in operation .
Twenty-one different woods are used in Connecticut for boxes
and crates,and the entire supply o f only five was reported as
home—grown, whi le nine kinds came entirely from other states.
White pine, which 15 one of the three principa l box woods in the
country,made up nearly 70 per cent . of the tota l quantity used
in Connecticut . I t is used not only for common na iled boxes,
S hooks,and cRates, but also for lock—cornered and dove—tailed
boxes
T he quantity o f cotton gum or tupelo consumed was probably
greater than that shown in the table,as cotton gum, like water
gum,is O ften ca lled black gum and
,in a few cases
,it was diffi
cult to determine from the manufacturers’
report wh ich of the
two S pecies was used . That these two woods Should have been
used in greater amounts than was loblolly pine is somewhat sur
prising,since they grow in the same region with loblolly, mostly
in Virginia and N orth Carolina . I n these states the quantity
of'
loblolly used for boxes exceeds many fold the quantity of
tupelo and black gum used . I n Connecticut the largest demand
for native pitch pine is from the box makers who use it for
rough crating and cheap boxes. T he amount o f chestnut lumber
used for this purpose is surprisingly low,S ince this tree is more
abundant in Connecticut than any other and,next to soft maple,
which is used only in'
small amounts, it is the cheapest wood
purchased . Of the twenty—one states in which similar studies
have been made, Connecticut alone reports the use of hickory by
box factories.
P LAN IN G -MILL P R ODU CT S .
I t is difficult to distinguish defin itely between an industry
making ordinary plan ing—mill products and one making sash,
CO NNECTICUT EXPERIMEN T STATIO N,BULLETIN N O . 174.
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INDUSTRIES .
use. More than 30 per cent . o f the wood used is white pine,which has a greater number o f uses in th is industry thanany other wood reported . Formerly white pine from N ew E ngland and the Lake States was the on ly wood used for mak ing
sash,doors and blinds in Connecticut
,but in later years the
growing scarcity of the upper grades o f “this wood has resultedin the subst itution ofsugar pine, Idaho white pine, and Westernyellow pine, woods which are similar in appearance and qua lity
to white pine, and are often sold as Western wh ite pine; T he
large quantity of these W'
estern woods used in Connecticut is
due to the fact that only upper grades can be sh ipped so far, and
these sell at lower prices than similar grades of E astern whi tepine.
Cypress is the second wood of importance in this industry,most o f it coming from the C arolinas and
'
Florida. It goes i nto
doors, stair work and interior finish, and is used more than any
other wood for outside casing, cornice and porch work. Douglasfir from
.
the P acific Coast competes with cypress,more par
ticularly for exterior work . T he price o f theWestern wood isonly more than the average cost o f cypress. Loblolly pineand a sma ll -amount‘
ofshortleaf pine, which are sold together as
N orth Carolina and longleaf pine,have a substantia l place in this
industryf These three woods are the important members of theyellow pine family, and their annual consumption aggregates overa million and three—quarter feet in the sash and door industry.
Among the hardwoods used chiefly for interior fin ish,the oaks
are themost important, white oak greatly exceeding red oak in
quantity. T heornamenta l figure and cheapness o f chestnut makeit the most popular for th is use next to oak . T he other woodslisted in the table are used only in sma ll amounts. Their number is due to the fact that different woods are selected to suit
the designs and color schemes o f the particular jobs in whichthey are to be used .
MU SICAL IN STR U ME N TS .
Table XVIII shows. the material‘
used in making pianos, and
cabinet and church organs,the large part going into the former
product . Thirteen manufacturers supplied the information listed .
S ome piano makers specia lize . in building cases,while others
CO NNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATIO N,E U E L E T I N No . 174.36
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make only theact ions and keys. Another class,“
not included in
this study,buy their cases of one manufacturer, their actions of
another,their sounding boards o f a th ird, and their hardware of
'the piano-hardware dea lers, while their manufacturing operations
consist merely in putting these parts together.
Chestnut,which is the favorite wood for veneer cores or back
ing, is the principal species reported in use by the Connecticut
piano makers and organ builders. It goes a lmost entirely into
cases, especia lly piano cases, and for this use, as in many other
states in which studies similar to this have been made, it is
the leading wood .
“
N otwithstanding the fact that the chest
nut tree is common throughout Connecticut, more than 90
per cent . o f the three and a ha l f million feet consumed by the
musical instrument makers comes from the forests of other
states. Other casewoods to be veneered or enameled are tulip
poplar and wh ite pine. T he material used for the exterior work
on cases is largely bought in the form of veneer. White oak,red oak
,red gum
,birch
,mahogany
, walnut, and sugar maple,
are among the principal k inds reported . S ugar maple and elmenter largely into posts and backs of piano cases. White oak
,
red oak,
‘
cherry,mahogany and wa lnut are used for organ cases
in addit ion to chestnut .Action makers require yellow poplar
,basswood, and sugar
maple. Sugar pine from Ca l i fornia is used considerably, and
is the highest-priced action wood reported . P iano keys are alsomade from it as well as from sweet birch
, ash, and cherry . B asswood is the favorite for organ keys
, except for sharps or flatswhich— both for pianos and organs— are made of ebony .
S pruce has no competitor for piano sounding boards, red sprucebeing preferred, though wh ite spruce and, to a l imited extent,Oregon S itka spruce answer. Organ pipes are made from sugarpine and white pine
, while for stop handles ebony is in greatest
demand, though boxwood and rosewood are also used .
SHIP S A N D BOAT S .
I n quantity of wood used , boat builders stand fifth in the l istof C onnecticut f industries. T here are forty-one boat and ship
builders in the S tate who make all kinds of boats,-from a racing
shell to a steamship . A large part o f the materia l reported went
38 CO NNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATIO N,BULLETIN N O . 174.
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into barges and tow boats, extensively used for the coastwisefreight business. Many high-grade launches
,yachts
,and larg
pleasure boats aremade by the Connecticut boat builders. Woodis used chiefly for inside work and interior finish, since o f lateyears steel construction has largely taken theplace O fwood .
T wenty-seven kinds O fwood were_reported by the Connecticut
boat builders, aggregating more than seven million feet. ( S eeTable XIX . ) Yellow pine“
ranks first,and I S used in building
barges,scows
,and tow boats, for the framework as well as for
plank ing or s iding . Oak stands next in amount and is put to
a greater number of uses than any other wood reported for shipbuilding. Inasmuch as the greater portion o f this wood is
reported as State-grown,it is safe to say that it is mostly black
or yellow oak and red oak, since these are the more common
species in Connecticut . T he oak lumber sh ipped in from other
states, and a small per cent . O f the home-grown, is white oak,wh ich is in large demand , especially by makers of pleasure craft,such as row boats, launches, and small sa il boats . I t goes into
the framework O f these, and for all classes of boats it is the
principal wood for interior finish and cabinet work . Hackmatackappears in . no other industry and is used with spruce for sh ip
knees. Spruce also answers for bulkheads, spars, canopies, andhatches. Douglas fir
,used mainly as large timbers for barges
and scows, also contributes material for‘
keelsons and sleepers.
Southern White cedar, brought from Virgin ia and N orth Caro
lina,is used for the siding of high—grade pleasure boats. It is
interesting to note the use O fapplewood, exclusively Connecticut
grown, for knees in small boats. Besides oak,the principal fin
ishing woods used for interior work are mahogany, ash, tulip
poplar'
, black walnut, sycamore, redwood and sweet birch, in the
order named .
CLOCKS .
T he clock manufacturing industry of Connecticut is probably
larger than that o f any other State. Wood is used only in the
making O f cases. S ix O f the sixteen clock factories O f the
State report its use for mantel and wa ll clocks, and a small
per cent . for large hall or“grandfather” clocks. R ed oak
,bass
wood and tulip poplar are reported in the largest quantities, and
these woods together constitute nearly 83 per cent . O f the total
CO N N EC TI C UT EXPER I MENT STATIO N ,BULLETIN N O . 17440
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42 CO N N ECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATIO N,BULLETIN N O . 174.
I t is somewhat surprismg tha t so large a part o f the hickoryused is home-grown,
but this is accounted for by the fact that
native hickory is well adapted to the needs O f concerns making
vehicle supplies, who form an important part O f this industry.
T he material brought from the South and other states comesinto Connecticut in the form of billets to be shaped into the
finished products by manufacturers who only-make parts l ike
the parts o f the running'
gear, and sell them to other factorieswhich assemble and finish the veh icle. For gear stock
,h ickory is
the principal wood used .
T hemanufacture of automobile bodies is conspicuous among thewood-using industries O fConnecticut and, in this line, this Stateis ahead of the other twenty states in which l ike reports have been
made.
-T hemanufacture O f automobile bodies demands ash in
greater quantities than any other kind O fwood . A sh being strong
and light is the favorite for body frames. I n no other S tatedoes it occupy as prominent a position among the vehicle materials. T he Connecticut manufacturers O fhorse veh icles use itfor spring bars, poles, and shafts
, and for gear parts o f light
vehicles. Yellow poplar is the other important body wood and
meets an exacting demand for panel work . Because it is fine
grained, soft and easily. worked, and has a Special capacity forholding paint, i t is the favorite wood with builders O fautomobile,carriage, and buggy bodies. I ts high price now prevents its use
as formerly forwagon beds. I n Connecticut,loblolly pine
,spruce,
and basswood have largely taken its place. Cypress, used onlyin sma ll amounts, is growmg ln favor as a panel wood for fine
vehi cle bodies.
T he white oak reported comes principa lly from without theState but the red oak largely from within . T he yellow oak isentirely home-grown T he last named species as it grows in
Connecticut is O fan excellent qua lity and is popular as a vehi clewood . Being cheaper it I S substituted even for uses wh ich inmany states are supplied by white oak a lone, as for instance, inmaking gear parts forwagons, drays and heavy vehicles.
T he elms are the hub woods, both the rock and the white elmbeing equa lly suitable. T he elms are the easi est to bend and for
that reason are used for the bent’
parts o f vehicle and cutter
bodies. A sh and yellow poplar a lso serve for this class o f
products. Sugar maple,red oak
,longlea f pine
,beech and
INDUSTRIES .
chestnut go into the bottoms O fwagon bodies; the flooring of
passenger vehicles is principally O fred oak . T he large quantity
O fmahogany shown in the table goes p'
rincipally into automobile
and limousine bodies, window frames o f limousines, door parts
O f the tonneau, wind shields, steering wheels,magneto boxes,
etc. B lack and Circassian wa lnut also answer the same purposes.
HAN DLE S .
A great variety of handles is made in Connecticut, wh ich
accounts for the many kinds O fwood shown in the table of th is
industry . Twenty-two species are reported . ( S ee Table XXII . )N 0 other State S hows as many handlewoods used . H ickory heads
the list . Inasmuch as this wood meets an exacting demand for
long tool handles like those for picks, sledge—hammers, mauls, etc.,
it would_be natural to assume that theirmanufacturewas themost
important part o f the handle-making industry O fConnecticut, but
the largest per cent -O fthe hickory reported goes into handles O f
small tools,like files
,C h isels, hatchets, nail hammers, etc. For this
purpose it is best ofall woods. Otherspecies are used for small
handles in which”
the shock-resisting quality is not so important
a requisite, such as those o f awls, giml’
ets, augurs, braces, screw
drivers, and drawknivesi Sugar maple, white Oak, white and
paper birch,mahogany and rosewood were the principal woods
serving th is latter purpose.
For garden-tool handles,ash is generally used, but in C on
necticut, sugar maple, sweet birch and beech are substituted and
consumed in greater quantities. These woods are also most in
demand for brush handles.
T hemanufacture Ofkn i fe and fork handles takes a prom inentpart in this industry in Connecticut . Many woods supply h
the
material;some O fthem are foreign,and purchased at high prices.
Of these cocobola,a Central American wood
,is the favorite. It
is dense,hard
,ornamental
,and susceptible of a high finish . Box
wood, mahogany, rosewood,_and ebony are the other imported‘
woods,and flowering dogwood sta ined to imitate ebony or
cherry,butternut
,yellow birch, sugar maple
,and beech are the
principal domestic woods used .
T he on ly softwood or con ifer reported for handles 13 white
pine. It serves with the softer hardwoods, l ike basswood, tulip
44 C O N N ECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATIO N,BULLETIN N O . 174.
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poplar orwh itewood, for handles of soldering irons, c arving and
engraving tools, files,etc . Chestnut is used for casket handles,
which are generally cloth—covered . Applewood, in limited quan
ti t ies,with sugar maple, meets the demand for draw—kn i fe
handles.
CAR P E N T E R S’
T OOLS .
T able XXIII shows the use of sixteen woods and more than
two million feet in the manufacture of carpenters’ tools:T he
material listed under the handle industry goes largely into car
penters’
t ools,but exclusively for handles, or for tools which are
part wood and part meta l . T he products listed in the present
class includei’
carpenters’ tools made ent irely O fwood, such as
rules,planes
,levels
,ma llets
,mitre boxes
,braces
,clamps
,plumb
ers’
rules,gauges
,etc . T he entire supply O ffive O fthe woods
reported is home-grown,but their combined quantity amounts
to less than one—sixth O fthe to ta l . Boxwood,which comes prin
cipally from T urkey and other Mediterranean countries,meets
the largest part O f the demand . I n only one o ther industry
table for Connecticut does a foreign wood lead in point o f
quant ity .- I ts most important use is for rules
,but it also con
tributes materia l for planes and gauges . I t is hard, strong,and
not liable to warp when seasoned . This makes it the chiefrule
wood, while its except ional qua lity O fwearing smooth— the same
property tha t puts beech and sugar maple to th is use— makes it
specially va luable for planes and gauges.
Cherry and mahogany are the on ly woods used for plumbsand levels. Beech is chiefly used for mitre boxes
,plane stocks
,
and hand screws. Chestnut, basswood, and black walnut are the
principa l tool chest materials. H ickory and lignum-vitae are the
ma llet woods,and ash a lone serves for clamps. T he tool makers
use a larger quantity O f rosewood than any other class of
manufacturers. N early a quarter O fa million feet is demandedeach year and the average price is higher than that o f any otherwood shown in T able XXIII .
WOODE N WAR E A N D N OVE LT IE S .
T he manufacture O farticles commonly known as woodenwareand O f articles known as novelties are so closely related that it
CO NNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATIO N,BULLETIN N O . 174.46
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48 C O NNECTICUT EXPERIM EN T STATIO N ,BULLETI N N O . 1 74
is difficult to separate them . T herefore the'
two classes are
grouped as one in Table XXIV . G enera lly woodenware refers
to housekeeping accessories, like pa ils, buckets, dishes, bowls,trays
,platters
,and boards, step—ladders
,flour sieves
,etc . C on
necticut manufacturers make but few O fthese. T he principa l one,according to the quan t i ty O fwood used
, is step- ladders. S pruce
being light and strong meets the entire demand . T he other
products reported are flour sieves and cutting boards. T he sieves
are made of soft elm,because it bends easily and reta ins a
cylindrica l shape. Cutting boards are common ly made O f sugar
maple.
T he manufacture of novelties is the moreimportant part o f
this industry . Via l and pill boxes are made from whitewood or
yellow poplar,and basswood . Chestnut
,maple
,and birch serve
for the plugs used by paper mills in the ends O frolls of paper.
Wh ite pine and basswood furn ish material for cloth boards;whi le beech birch and maple are used for rug and drugget poles.
A n in teresting line of“ manufacture belonging to this industry is
the mak ing O f collar buttons for laundries. They are used but
once then thrown away,hence aremade in enormous numbers.
T he O peration o f makingthese is similar to that for making
collets,or sma ll wooden rings used as collars around the flanges
of hose and stocking supporters,and both are usually made in
the same factory,white birch being reported as the principa l wood
used . It is probable, however;that only a small portion O f.lt is
the true whi te birch . Door knobs and door stops are turned
from a variety of woods,principa lly oak
,sugar maple
,cherry
and mahogany .
M ISCE LLAN E OU S .
Materia ls used in the manufacture o f a large number o f com
modities,wh ich can not be listed in any of the foregoing indus
tries,have been classed together in the miscellaneous t able which
follows ( T able XXV ) . Had there been more than two concernsmaking any one of these products, separate figures relating to it
would have been given. For plumber’
s woodwork , white oak is
in largest demand ;the casket makers use chestnut, yellow poplar,and red cedar for their cloth—covered products
,mahogany and
red oak for their caskets finished in the natura l wood,and whi te
pine for their outer cases,or rough boxes. T he manufacturers
CO NNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATIO N,BULLETIN N O . 174.
o f sewing-machine tables and cabinets use a variety ofwoods, butprincipa lly red and white oak . A large part is quarter-sawed and
,
with mahogany, walnut, red gum and maple, serves ch iefly forexterior work . A portion of these expensive woods is purchased
in the form of veneer and made up usually with chestnut as a
base. Yellow poplar from the Southern states is used for interiorwork like drawer sides and bottoms
, and other compartmentso f sewing-mach ine cabinets.
R attan is imported from China by the wickerwaremanufacturers and made into reeds, principally for baskets. Yellow poplarand basswood are the supplies for trunk and sample-casematerial .For barrel bungs, yellow poplar furnishes the entire supply
,While
the birches andmaples are used in making faucets. T oymanufacturers use four kinds o f wood— white pine
,aspen,
basswood
and birch. A sh alone furnishes the material for tackle blocks,and
, judging fromthe low average price reported, much o f it
must be brown or black ash . Formaking coal screens,oak
,beech,
and maple comprise the largest part o f the supply, while the
makers o f ox yokes demand white oak, elm,hickory and maple
in a lmost equal amounts.
CHAIR S .
TableXXVI gives statistics of lumbermanufactured into chairs,piano stools, and benches. T he chair industry is not important
in Connecticut, since only a little more than a mill ion and a half
feet o f lumber per annum is required for it. Contrary to expecta
tion,only a small number of the chairs made in Connecticut are
from turned stock, but are chiefly oak chairs of themission design
made from sawed or squared material . Folding cha irs and camp
stools, hav ing canvas or other cloth seats, are turned-stock
products for which sugar maple:and yellow birch are used .
T he piano stool manufacturers report the largest number of
woods l isted,
in th is table. Yellow and sweet birch, sugar maple,soft maple, elm,
and mahogany are the favorites. B irch,better
than any otherwood, can be stained to imitate mahogany and forthat reason is used to meet the largest part o f the demand . So ft
maple and elm are excellent woods for holding glue and therefore
generally used as veneer backing or cores for veneered stools o f
mahogany, ,
cherry, and quartered oak .
CHAIRS .
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CO N NECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATIO N,BULLETIN N O . 174.
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F IXTU R E S .
E leven firms in Connecticut report the manufacture of office,store
,bank
, and bar—room fixtures. A number specialize a long
these lines,but more report these products in conjunction with
the manufacture of other commodities. T he most important
products of this industry are display show cases and racks,counters,
'
wall cabinets and cases,shelv ing
,buffets, bookcases,
school furn iture, ra iling bars, and filing cabinets. They are often
difficult to separate from certain kinds of furn iture, and many
are closely related to the products for interior fi nish described
under the industry of sash, doors, blinds, and general mill work,such as partitions, built- in buffets, so-dawater fountains, cabinets,and wall cases. Manufacturers making several classes o f such
commodities seldom make'
any distinctions in their reports. Th iscircumstance requires an arbitrary classification of the data .
S ixteen kinds o f wood are used by the fixture manufacturers.
( S ee Table XXVI I . ) Chestnut and basswood are the only ones
grown in the S tate. For the exterior or exposed work the best
grades of cabinetwood are desired . T his is shown by the h igh
average prices of the principal wood given in T able. X X VI I .
They are white oak, red oak, tulip poplar, mahogany, black wal
nut, redwood , red gum, and cherry . For the hidden portions such
as framing, lining, rein forcements,bases, veneer coring, drawer
sides and bottoms, cheaper woods answer. Chestnut is the prin
cipalone, but wh ite pine, spruce, and basswood are also used .
SHU T TLE S , S P OO LS , A N D BOBB IN S
E ight woods are used in Connecticut for making shuttles,
spools, bobbins, and affiliated products, and three o f them,namely,h ickory, white or gray birch, and persimmon constitute consider
ably more than four—fifths o f the totalquantity shown in TableXXVIII . R ated by the amount of wood consumed
,picker
sticks are the principal product made by th is class o f manufactures. These differ in shape and size according to the looms for
which they are made. They taper toward one end and are
about one and one-hal f inches wide,three-fourths of an inch
thick and from twenty-six to thirty—two inches in length . I n the
loom they are used as levers to impart motion to the shuttle.
54 CO N NECTI C UT EXPERIMENT STATIO N,BULLETI N N O . 174.
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56 CO NNECTI C UT EXPERIMENT STATIO N,BULLETI N N O . 174.
N ecessarily, a picker stick must be made from strong,tough
,
straight-grained wood . H ickory is used more than any other
wood, but ash is used to a limited extent . Bobbins,spindles, and
speeders aremade from maple, birch,and beech, whi le persimmon
alone contributes the shuttle materia l .T wo kinds of spools are made in Connecticut . T he one-piece
spool used for_silk and cotton thread
,and fine wire
,is made of
white, birch . T he spool used in connection with textile mill
mach inery is a three—piece product . T he barrel is turned from
birch,beech
,or maple
,and the d isc- like heads are screwed and
glued to the barrel. These spool heads are frequently made from
a so fter wood,like;aspen , wh itewood, and basswood, but birches
and maples areheavier,moredurable
,and largely used .
E LE CTR ICAL EQU IP ME N T .
This includes electric wire and cable reels, wooden parts o f
switchboards,battery boxes and coil cases
, ~
telephone boxes, and
otherwooden parts o f electrical apparatus. Mahogany is the only
foreign wood reported,and, in quantity, exceeds all other species.
It is the favorite material for switchboards and serves together
with red oak, white“
oak, sweet and yellow birch, and red gumfor telephone boxes. White pine and spruce, reported in equa l
quantities,exceed the amount of all other woods shown in
Table XXIX . T hey are not used for the parts of electrical
instruments but aremadesolely into reels ofvarious sizes, around
which c ables and electric wire are wound
AG R ICU LTU R AL I M P L E M E N TS .
Most of the agricultural implements used in Connecticut are
shipped into the State. S ince tool handles, farm wagons,carts
and sleds are listed - .under other industries,t here remain only
harrows, cultivators, plows, and hayrakes to be included in the
statistics of TableXXX . White ash furn ishes a ll themateria l formaking wooden rakes, except for the teeth, wh ich are made on ly
of hickory: A llother woods shown in the table went into har
rows, yokes, and eveners, except a sma ll quantity o f oak and ash
which was used for plow beams and handles.
58 CO N NECTICUT EXPERI M ENT STATIO N, BULLETIN N O . 174.
0000000
00
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00
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0
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INDUSTRIES .
FIR E AR M S .
T he Connecticut manufacturers offirearms bring in from other
states all the wood they use. ( S ee Table X XXI . ) Th is is not
surprising,since of the four woods reported
,black walnut alone
is indigenous to Connecticut and,owing to its scarcity in
"
the
State, the price is high . B lack wa lnut is preferred to any other
wood for gun stocks because o f its strength and ornamental
color— qualities which have made it for many years a favorite
wood with American manufacturers. I n E urope,Circassian wa l
nut is the‘
leadinggunstock woxod, because it is“
tough and strong
and its mottled figuremakes a very attractive appearance. Owing
to its h igh price not much o f it is used in this country . T he
heartwood of red gum is several times as cheap and often resem
bles it so closely in figure and color that they cannot .be distin
guished . R ed“
gum possesses all the essential qualities for gun
stock material and,next to black walnut
,I S used in the largest
quantity. Yellow birch also answers for gun stocks,and some
Connecticut manufacturers are beginning to use it for the
cheaper guns. E nglish wa lnut was reported in too small a quan
tity to be listed in the table. It goes into pistol stocks. Boxwood,owing to its exceptiona l strength
,is selected for gun rods.
MACHIN E R Y.
I n Table XXXII following,are l isted eleven kinds of lumber
used in the wooden parts o f machinery other than electrical .P arts of silk and texti lemachinery
,cotton gins, papermillmachin
ery, engine and other mach ine skids,machine tables
,typewriter
platen cores, and hat-making machines are the principal products
into which the material enters. N o foreign woods are used,but
seven-eighths o f the more than ha l f a million feet purchased
yearly for th is industry are brought into Connecticut from otherstates.
P ATT E R N S .
P atterns and flasks used by foundrymen,and hat blocks and
flanges, are the products represented in the statistics in TableXXXIII . T he principa l pattern woods are pine and mahogany .
C O N N ECTICUT EXPERIMEN T STATIO N,BULLETIN N O . 174.60
9
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INDUSTRIES .
They are stra ight—gra ined and, when well seasoned, are less liable
towarp and twist than“
any other wood . T he quantity of white
pine used in Connecticut exceeds the amount o f mahogany used
more than a hundredfold . I n Connecticut there are a number of
pattern makers who specializein models, but most o f the pattern
wood is reported by foundrymen who run their own pattern
department . S ince a pattern must be designed in the exact shape
and dimensions o f the article to be molded from_it, only the
highest grades o f material are used, as the pr1ces ln the table
indicate;in th is regard patterns differ from flasks,as these latter
can be made from a variety of cheap woods. F lasks servefor
frames holding the molding sand and the pattern employed in
molding and casting . T wo-part flasks are usedWhen themoldingis in two pieces, one fitting upon the “other. T he woods used are
chestnut, white pine, and spruce. T he average price oftheflask
woods is per thousand feet, as aga inst about the
average cost o f the pattern materia l .
Hat blocks and flanges closely resemble patterns,and therefore
are included in th is classification . T he blocks are used'
in making
crowns, while flanges are employed for'
shaping the rims. Yel
low poplar isthe favoritewood formaking these commodities, andin Connecticut the manufacturers use no other kinds. It is
purchased in on ly the h ighest grades, and great care is used in
season ing it . T he average price paid per thousand was
the h ighest cost reported for th iswood by any industry.
FU R N ITU R E .
T he furn iture industry is not an important one in Connecticut .
Only one manufacturer in the S tate makes tables and case goods,such as bookcases
,buffets
,dressers
,and
‘ chiffoniers; another
makes only couch frames;wh ile the rest specialize -in furn itureparts. Lignum—v ita
,imported from Costa R ica
,furnishes the
entire supply of the caster material;judging from-the quantity
used;the Connecticut manufacturers evidently supply the needs
of furn iture makers in many other states. Couch frames are
usually veneered and chestnut is the principal wood used for
backing .
R ed gum,pla in and quartered oak, ash and sweet birch were
the woods consumed for the exterior fin ish o f case goods. For
CO NNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATIO N,BULLETIN N O . 174.
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INDUSTRIES .
the interior work, yellow poplar, cotton gum, and cypress
answered. Table XXXIV presents the available statistics.
P R IN TIN G MATE R IALS .
Seven woods are used for making printing accessories in
Connecticut, and the quantity and price o f each are shown in
Table XXXV. Base blocks for rubber-stamp pads constitute a
very large per cent . of the tota l and for these, low grades of
yellow poplar and basswood prov ide the material . Cherry serves
as backing for electrotypes, sweet birch for press tables, and
the remainder for printing-press parts.
CIG AR BOX E S .
Though cigar boxes belong in the same general class with
packing boxes, the former are made in separate factories and
therefore the industry is distinguished in this report . Cigar—box
manfacturers buy their wood by superficial measurement. To
make the statistics o f Table XXXVI comparable with the other
tables of this report, cigar-box material has been reduced to board
feet measure. This accounts for the h igh price shown in the
table,because the cost increases as the thickness o f the sheet
o f Veneer decreases.
Owing to the h igh price o f Spanish cedar,i t is customary to
make cigar boxes of a two—ply veneer of the cedar, glued on to
a cheap domestic wood like elm, whitewood, tupelo or basswood .
R ed gum is shipped all the way from M issouri to Connecticut to
be used in cigar boxes for holding the medium—priced goods,
while for the best grades of cigars,S pan ish cedar is used a lone
,
usually o f three-sixteenths th ickness. Manufacturers'
in no otherState already appearing in these studies of wood consumptionreport the use of elmformaking cigar boxes. Connecticut manufacturers use it in larger quantities than any other kind of wood .
It answers for cores or backing in two—ply work .
TAN KS .
T hemanufacture o f tanks, vats, and silos in Connecticut ca llsfor the use of only three woods. Cypress
, which is the principal
64 CO NNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATIO N,BULLETIN N O . 174.
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6 6 C 0N N E C T I C -U T EXPERIMEN T STATIO N, BULLETI N No . 1 74.
tank-wood in[
the country at large,contributes over 95 per cent .
o f the total shown in T able X X X VlL Most o f it was shipped
from Florida . S i lo makers use cypress and longleaf pine,the
latter wood coming from G eorgia . T he making of tank stavesin this State is not a distinct industry . It is carried on as a
side line by manufacturers listed in this report under other classeso f industries.
SP OR TIN G G OOD S .
P olo sticks,hockey sticks, and fishing floats are the only com
modities made . in Connecticut‘
whose wood material can be
l isted under the head of sporting goods. ( S ee Table XXXVI I I . )White p ine 18 used for floats, and white oak
,ash and hickory
for the other articles named . This material is all home-grown .
LAU N DR Y AP P LIAN CE S .
T he quantity o f wood shown in Table XXXIX indicates that
the making oflaundryaccessories is not an important industry in
Connecticut . On ly four woods are reported in T able XXXIX .
Chestnut and spruce are used for making clothes reels,while
rock - oak and longleaf pine contribute the raw material‘
for
washingmachines.
BU T CHE R S ’ BLOCKS .
S ugar maple is - t-he only wood reported for butchers’ blocks.
( S ee T able.X L .) T he price paid indicates that the better grades
are demanded . Sycamore is used more than any other wood for
meat blocks in other states, but no Connecticut manufacturersreport using sycamore for this purpose.
WO O D S C L A S S IF I E D BY I N D U S T R I E S .
T he statistics shown in T able X L I'
afford a comprehensivereview o f the distribution of the kinds o f woods used by the
Connecticutmanufacturers and the extent to wh ich each of thetwenty- six industries purchase them .
‘
For example,all but ten
industries use hard maple, the chair ‘manufacturers demanding
themost— an amount equivalent to over 55per cent . of the total
LAUN DRY APPLIAN C ES .
68 CO N NEC TICUT EXPERIMEN T STA TIO N,BULLETI N N O . 174.
while the box makers use the least, about 2 per cent . White pine,which leads all other kinds of wood in quantity
,is apport ioned
among only thirteen industries. Tulip poplar has the widest
demand of any o f thespecies;nineteen -O fthe twenty- six manu
facturers report using it . White birch ,dogwood
,persimmon ,
S itka spruce, and western pine are among the woods reported
by only a single factory .
S U M .M A R Y O F A V E R A G E P R I C E S .
Table XLII has been compiled to permit comparison o f the
average cost per thousand feet o f the different kinds of wood
used by the Connecticut manufacturers, as shown in the preceding
industry tables. T he form in which the raw materia l is del ivered
at the factory, whether in log, billet, bolt, veneer, or lumber;the thickness, dimension,
grade; and the source,whether
imported,domestic
,etc ., are but some of the causes of variation
in the prices shown . U nder no circumstances should the prices
in Table XLI I be confused with market prices.
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70 CO N N ECTICUT EXPERIMEN T STATIO N ,BULLETIN N O .
Bent Vehicle PartsBoxesCarriage Bodies (Panels)Chest BottomsCigar BoxesClock CasesCotton GinsCouch FramesC tates
Drawer BottomsFile HandlesHandlesHandles (Engravers
’ Tools)Handles (File)Handles (Trowel )
Brush BacksBrush HandlesCoal S ievesDrawer KnobsHandles (Hay Fork)Handles ( Pitch FO rk)Handles ( Small ) .
Hand Screws
BI RC H
Auto AccessoriesBrush BacksBrush HandlesCabinet BacksCabinet ShelvesChair Frames (Rattan )File HandlesHandlesHandles (Edge Tools)Handles (Engravers
’ Tools)Handles (File)
BI R C H
Action Parts (Organs)Backing ElectrotypesCabinet WorkCases (Organ )Clock Cases (Cabinet )Cutting Board StrapsDoors Board (Vehicle)
174.
BAS SWO O D.
Keys ( Piano )Music CabinetsOrgan FramesOrgan KeysPacking BoxesPiano KeysP lumbs (Mechanic’s)Rails (Piano )Record CabinetsRubber Type BoxesShelves (Desk)Tool BoxesToysTrays (Enamel ling )Vial Boxes
BE E C H .
Knife HandlesNitre Boxes
.Novelty TurningsP lanes
.
Rug PolesRulersTruck P latforms
( PAPE R) .
KnobsLawn Mower RollsMusic CabinetsPaper P lugsPiano BenchesPiano S toolsRails (Piano )Rug PolesTool HandlesToys
( SWE E T) .
Interior FinishOffice FixturesPiano CasesPiano KeysS tair-workS tore FixturesWindow Frames
APPENDIX .
BI RC H (WH I TE O R G RAY) .
Collets Small HandlesLaundry Buttons Spools ( S ilk)Rolls (Braid )
BI RC H
Action Parts (Organ )Agricultural ImplementsAuto AccessoriesCabinet WorkChairsCoal S ievesDoorsDrawersDrawer KnobsFaucetsHandlesHarrow PartsHouse TrimmingsInterior Finish’
BUTTE R N UT.
Agricultural Implements Organ Pipe FeetCabinet Work Organ Pipe GatesHandles Patterns
C E DAR ( N O RTHE RN WH I TE ) .
Interior F in ishC E DAR ( R E D) .
CasketsC E DAR ( SO UTH E RN WH I TE ) .
Launches ( Siding) P lanking (Boat )
C E DAR (WE STE RN R E D)
Cabinet Work Interio'
r FinishDO O I‘ S
‘ Screen Door FramesFixtures (Office)
Backing ElectrotypesBase KnobsCabinet WorkCases (Organ )Chisel HandlesHandlesHandles ( Chisel )House TrimmingsInterior FinishLevelsMetronomes
(YE LLO W)KnobsLawn Mower RollsMusic ‘CabinetsNovelty TurningsOrgan Rack PinsPiano BenchesPiano Legs .
Piano Stoo lsPress Table (Printing)Small HandlesSpools (Wire)Tool HandlesTruck P latformsVentilators
C HE RRY .
MouldingsPatternsPiano BenchesPiano KeysPiano PartsP lumbsRubber Stamp MouldingS chool DesksS chool SeatsShow Case FramesWindow Frames (Vehicle)
72 C O NNEC TI C UT EXPERIMEN T STATIO N ,BULLETIN N O .
Agricultural ImplementsBoxesBurial CasesCabinet WorkCart Body SidesCasketsCasket HandlesClock CasesClock Cases (Kitchen )Clock Cases (Office)Clothes ReelsCoal BargesCoffinsCoffin BoxesCoil -CasesCotton GinsC ouch FramesCratesDisplay Cab inetsDoor FramesExterior FinishFoundry -F lasksFrames (Barges)Interior Finish
Electric Fixture B locks
Bodies (Vehicle)Cabinet WorkCasingsCoal BargesCornice WorkDoorsDoor FramesExterior FinishHouse TrimmingsInterior FinishJoiner-work ( Ship )LaunchesMachinery Parts
Knife Handles
C HE STN UT.
C O T TO N WO O D.
Woven Wire Boxes
C YPRE SS .
DO G WO O D.
174.
Interior FramesLaunchesLinings (Auto )Machine
-T ables
MouldingsOrgan Pipe HandlesPanel CoresPaper P lugsPiano Cases
.
Piano Case (Cores)Post Office FixturesPrinting PressesSett 'eesShelvesShelves (Desk )Show Case BasesS how Case ShelvingS tair—WorkStore FixturesSwingsTimber ( Ship )Tool ChestsTrimmingsWindow Frames
MouldingsOrgan PipesPanels (Organ )R endering CarsSashSink BoardsS tair-workStepsTanksTrimmingsVatsWindow Frames
APPENDIX .
E L M , RO C K ( C O RK ) .
Bent Work HubsCigar Boxes Ox YokesFile Handles Piano CasesFrames (Vehicle) Woven Wire Boxes
E L M ,RO C K ( SLI PPE RY) .
Bent Work (Carriages) Piano BacksHarrow Parts Sieve R imsHubs Woven Wire BoxesOx Yokes
E L M,SO FT (WH I TE ) .
Bent Work (Carriages) Piano BenchesFrames (Vehicle) Piano StoolsHandles
Agricultural ImplementsBoat BottomsCabinet WorkColumnsDecking _(Boats)Doors
G U M,C O TTO N O R T U P E L o.
House TrimmingsShipp ing Cases (Wire Bound ),
G U M ,WATE R O R BLA C K .
Shipping Cases (Wire Bound)
H-A C K M A T A C K .
Sh ip KneesHE M LO C K.
Box Shooks
Agricultural ImplementsA xe HandlesAx le BedsAuto PartsAuto Top BowsCabinet WorkChisel HandlesDrop Hammer PinsEvenersFlailsGears (Vehicle)Gouge Handles
F I R , DO UG LAS .
House TrimmingsInterior FinishLadders (Fire Department )P lan-king (Boat )S kiffsSpars
H I C KO RY.
Hammer HandlesHandlesHand S crewsHo
’
ckey SticksMalletsMasons’ LevelsMast HoopsNovelty TurningsOx BowsPick HandlesPicker S ticksPolo S ticks
74 CO NNECTICUT EXPERIM EN T STATIO N,BULLETI N
RakesReachesRimsS ledge HandlesSpokesSpring BarsStable Forks
.
Sweep S takesTool Handles
Novelty Turnings
Agricultural ImplementsBox ShooksClock CasesFaucetsFi le HandlesHandlesHandles (Edge Tools)Handles (Engravers
’ Tools)Harrow Parts
Action Parts (Organ ),
Agricultural ImplementsAutomob ile FramesAutomobile PanelsBent Work (Carriages) ,Brush BacksBrush HandlesBridges (Piano )Butchers’ B locksCase C or-es (Organ )Cattle StanchionsClock CasesCoal SievesCotton GinsCouch
“FramesCutter S ticksCutting BoardsDrawersDrawer KnobsDraw Knife HandlesElectrical AppliancesFaucetsFeed Boards (Printing Press)Flooring
TrucksTruck FramesTruckPolesYard SticksWagonsWagon Jacks
‘Wagon PartsWhiffie Trees
M APLE,SO FT.
KnobsLawn Mower RollsOrgan FittingsOrgan PipesPaper P lugsTool HandlesPiano BenchesPiano Stools
M APLE,HARD .
Folding ChairsGear LogsHandlesHan’dles (Edge Tools)Handles (Engravers
’ Tools)Handles (File)Harrow PartsHumidor Cabinets
0
Inside Finish (Vehicles)Interior Finish (Houses)KnobsLetter Filing CabinetsMachinery PartsMil l BoardsMotor TrucksMusic CabinetsNovelties ( Small )Organ Rack PinsOrgan Stock RodsOx YokesPhonograph CabinetsPiano ActionPiano BenchesPiano Cases
APPENDIX .
Piano' S toolsP in" B locks (Piano )Printing ”PressesR ugPolesRulersSchool DesksSchool SeatsS ewmg Machine Cab inetsShelvesS led Shoes
O A K R E D
Agricultural Imp lementsAuto PartsCabinet Work
CasketsClock CasesClock Cases (Kitchen )Clo-ck Cases ( O ffice
'
)Coal BargesCoal S creensCouch FramesDrawerKnobsE lectrical AppliancesElectrical EquipmentElectric Fixture
'
B locksFurniture Knobs
Harrow FramesHouSe TrimmingsHumidor Cabinets
Agricultural Imp lementsAuto BodiesA xe HandlesAx le BedsBath RoomFixturesBent S leigh S tockBent Work (Carriages)Bits ( Ship )Body S ills (Vehicles)CabinetsCab inet WorkCafe FixturesCarling (Boat )Carts
I
Spools (Wire)Thread CabinetsTool HandlesTumbling BarrelsTumbling Barrel LiningsTruck P latform-S
Work S tandsWoven Wire BoxesWrest P lank (Piano )Yard Sticks
Interior FinishKnobsLetter Fi ling C abinetsNovelty Turn ingsPhonograph CabinetsPiano BenchesPiano S toolsPost Office FixturesRimsSewing M achine CabinetsStair~workS tore FixturesThread CabinetsTool ChestsTrucksTruck HandlesTruck P latforms
VvagonsWagon PartsWagon Poles
WH I TE .
Cases (Organ )Cattle S tanchionsChairsChimney Bracket Arms
Clock CasesCoal BargesCombings ( Ship )Couch FramesDeadwood S temsDecks (Boats)Desk TopsDisplay CasesDoor S il lsElectrical Applian ces
76 CO N NECTI C UT EXPERIMEN T STATIO N ,BU LLETIN N O . 1 74.
Electrical EquipmentElectric Fixture B locksE ngine Beds (Boats)Extension Ladder BarsFel loesFrames (Boats)Frames (Wagon )Furniture KnobsHarrow FramesHeavy GearsHockey S ticksHumidor CabinetsI nterior FinishKeels (Boats)Ladder R O -undsLaunchesLetter Filing CabinetsMast HoopsMotor TrucksNewspaper FilesOffice FixturesOffice PartitionsOx BowsPhonograph CabinetsPian
'
o Cases'
Piano S toolsPicker S ticksPick HandlesP lanking ( Ship )P low HandlesP low RungsP low PinsP lumbers’ Wood—work
PE RS I M ‘M O N .
Shuttles
PI N E,
Auto BodiesAuto ConstructionAuto Running BoardsBodies (Vehicle)Bottom Boards (Auto )BoxesCabinet WorkC oal Barges
‘
Cotton GinsCrates
Po lo S ticksPorch Swing S latsPost Office FixturesP ostners ( Ship )Ribs (Boat)RimsScraper Backs (Roads)Scraper Handles (Roads)Sewing Machine “CabinetsSheer Strake'
s ( Ship )Show—case FramesS ledge HandlesSpecial FurnitureSpokesS table ForksStairsStair-workStore FixturesSwingsTablesThread CabinetsTimbers ( Ship )TrucksTruck PartsVentilatorsWagonsWagon BodiesWagon PolesWagon ShaftsWagon—workWashboards (Ship )Washing MachinesWhiffie Trees
LO BLO LLY.
CratingDisp lay ArmsDoorsDump CartsHouse TrimmingsInterior FinishJoiner-workMouldingsPanels (Carriage)Piano Cases
78 CO N N EC TI C UT EXPER I M ENT. STATIO N ,BULLETI N No . 174.
Fishing -FloatsFixtures (Office)Foundry F lasksHandlesHandles (Edge Tools)Handles (Engravers
’ Tools)Handles (File)Hat CasesInterior FinishJoiner—workMachinery PartsModelsMouldingsOutside CornicePacking BoxesPalletsPallet RacksPatterns
PO PLAR YE LLO W (WH I TE WO O D ) .
Action Parts (Organ or Piano )Ammunition BoxesAuto BodiesAuto Body PanelsAuto FramesAutomobile PanelsBaby C arriage BodiesBent Work
\
( Carriages)Berths (Boat)Bodies (Vehicle)Bungs ( Barrel )C ab inet WorkCasketsCigar BoxesClock CasesCoal BargesCoal SievesCotton GinsCouch FramesCoun tersCutting Board StrapsCratingCrayon Box Cases ‘
DoorsDoor FramesElectrical AppliancesElectric Fixture B locksEnamel Clock Cases
'
Enamel WorkFile HandlesFi ller S tripsFolder BoardsHandlesHandles (Edge Tools)Handles (Engravers
’ Tools)Handles (File)Hat B locksHat FlangesHouse Trimmings
’Humidor CabinetsInterior FinishLetter Filing CabinetsM ach ine SkidsMas‘ons’ LevelsMotor TrucksNovelty TurningsOffice FixturesOrgan Pipe FeetOrgan Pipe HandlesPanelsPanels (Carriages)Phonograph CabinetsPiano CasesPil lars (Auto )P latten Cores (Typewriters)Post Office Fixtures
P iano CasesPorch ColumnsRails ( S tairs)SashShow—case BasesShow-case ShelvesS idingSilver Ware B locksSilver Ware BoxesSmall BoatsS ounding Board RibsS tair-workStore FixturesTanksToys
'
Window FramesWire Reels
APPEN DIX .
Rubber Stamp PadsSewing Machine CabinetsShelves (Desks)Show-casesShow-case Shelving
p\ools (Goldleaf)tair—workS tore FixturesThread C abinetsT oys Machinery )Tray (Enamel ling)
C abinet WorkCigar BoxesC lock G asesE lectrical AppliancesElectricFixture B locksEmbossed Trimmings (Clocks)G un StocksHouse Trimmings
RE DWO O D.
Fixtures (Office)
B lockingBoxesBulk Heads ( Ship )Cable ReelsCanopy Tops (Boats)Carpenters’ BracketsCarriagesChimney BracketsClothes Reels
goa l BargesCratesDoor FramesExtension TrestlesExterior FinishF looringFoundry FlasksHat CasesHat Case EndsHatches (Barges)
SPRUC E , S I TKA.
Cabinet Work Doors
TrimmingsTrucksTurningsVial BoxesWagonsWagon BodiesWagon S eatsWagon WorkWindow Frames
'Wood Rolls (Paper
G U M .
Interior FinishfHumidor CabinetsLetter Fi ling CabinetsPhonograph Cab inetsPiano CasesSewing Machine CabinetsS tair-workThread Cabinets
SPRUC E .
Interior FinishJoiner-work ( S hip )LaddersLawn SetteesL awn . S wings
Pallet RacksPiano CasesS ilver Ware B locksS ilvefWare BoxesSounding BoardsSparsStair-workStep LaddersTemp lets (Boats)TrimmingsWindow FramesWire ReelsWork Boxes
80 C O NNECTI C UT EXPERIMEN T STATIO N,BULLETI N N O . 174.
SYC AM O RE .
Boxes Finish (Boats)
Cabinet WorkClock CasesCoi l CasesCylinder HeadsElectrical AppliancesFore-end B lanks (Fire-arms)G un S tocksHumidor CabinetsKnobsLetter Filing CabinetsNewspaper Files
FOREIGN WOODS .
BO X WO O D.
P lanesRulesSharps (Piano )
C E DAR, SPAN I SH .
Cigar BoxesC O C O BO LA.
Bit Brace Heads HandlesCarpenters’ Tools Knife HandlesFork HandleS Tool Handles
E BO N Y.
Organ S top KnobsSharps (Piano )
LI G N UM -VI TE .
Bit Brace Handles MalletsBit Brace Heads S tern BearingsCastor Rolls
Auto BodiesAu
'
to Dash BoardsAuto FixturesAuto PanelsBank FixturesBar TopsCabinet WorkCaskets
WALN UT,BLAC K.
NoveltiesPhonograph CabinetsPiano CasesPiano LegsPistol StocksRifle S tocksSewing Machine CabinetsThread CabinetsTool BoxesTool ChestsWindow Frames (Auto )
M AHO G AN Y.
Clock CasesCouch FramesCounter TopsCratingDesksElectrical AppliancesElectrical EquipmentFurniture Knobs
APPEN DIX .
GaugesGear Frames (Vehicle)Hand lesHouse TrimmingsHumidor CabinetsInterior FinishJoiner-work ( Ship )KnobsLaunchesLetter Filing Cab inetsLevelsMantlesModelsOffice FixturesOrgan CasesPanelsPatterns
M AHO G AN Y,WH I TE .
Fine Finish (Boats)
Carpenters’ ToolsClock CasesGaugesHandles
TE AK .
Rails (Boats)WALN UT
, C I RC AS S I AN .
Auto Dashes Piano CasesAuto Frames Pistol Stocks
Phonograph CabinetsPiano BenchesPiano CasesPiano LegsPiano S too lsP lanking ( Ship )Sewing Machine CabinetsShow-case. FramesSpecial FurnitureStair-workS teering Wheels ( Ship )S tore FixturesTable TopsThread CabinetsTrimmings (Auto )Window Frames (Auto )
RO SE WO O D .
LevelsOrgan Stop KnobsP lanesTool Handles
D I R E C T O R Y.
Below is a list o f the wood-using manufacturers who supplied
the data conta ined in this report . I f there are any names missing
from this D irectory it is because they did not answer the request
for information or else they are not in an industry converting
lumber into products in final form . T he addresses of thosemanu
facturing several products classified under different industries
will appear in the list undermore than one industry .
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS .
T he Torrey Brothers Company Central Vi llageW. S . Danielson . DanielsonT he Cutaway Harrow Company HigganumT he Rogers Rake Company N ew HartfordJ . B . Tatem S on PutnamW . H . Bronson RoxburyCharles Gilbert S tepney Depot
BOXES AND CRATES .
A . H . L avietes Company Andover*W. H . Thompson Ansonia*H . W . Woodford*H. C. Hoffman CompanyLocomobile Company ofAmericaT he Sewing Machine Cabinet CompanyT he Wheel Wood Bend ing CompanyT he E. Ingraham CompanyHoratio KelseyT he Collins Company
>“Isaac Armstrong Company*T he Clark Box Company*T he Hine BO X Printing CompanyPratt, Read Company
*T he East Hartford Lumber Ladder CompanyGeorge M . WeldEllington Basket CompanyT he Sessions Clock CompanyT he O . D . Case CompanyAustin Organ CompanyColts Patent Fire-arms Manufacturing Company
Make boxes or shooks for sale.
BridgeportBridgeportBridgeportBridgeportBristolClinton
CollinsvilleDanburyDanburyDanbury
Deep RiverEast HartfordEast R iverEllingtonForestvi lleGuilfordHartfordHartford
APPENDIX .
T he Columbia Motor C ar Company HartfordCrase Johnson HartfordT he National Machine Company HartfordT he Pope Manufacturing Company . HartfordT he Pope Manufacturing Company West Works Hartford
>"J. W . Rockwel l S on Hartford*Amos D . Bridge’
s Sons, I nc. Haz ardvil le*T he Dodd Cooperage Company MeridenMeriden Cutlery Company Meriden*T he Charles Parker Company MeridenT he Vocalion Organ Company Meriden
*J. Dudley MysticT he American Hardware Corporation N ew BritainT he John Pinches Company N ew Britain
*D. C. Beardsley N ew HavenJ . F. Goodrich Company N ew HavenT he Hemming Brothers Company N ew Haven
*T he Hubbel l Merwin Company N ew HavenManning“ Conger N ew HavenT he N ew Haven Clock Company N ew HavenT he N ew Haven Machinery Company N ew Haven
>l‘N ew Haven Wire Bound Box Company N ew HavenSamuel K . Page N ew HavenRattan Manufacturing Company N ew HavenSargent Company N ew HavenE. B . Sheldon Company N ew HavenH . G. Shepard S ons N ew HavenStandard Wash T ray Company N ew HavenT he Wilbur Corporation N ew HavenWinchester Repeating Arms Company N ew ‘HavenT he Brown Cotton G in Company N ew London*W. L. R oe, Jr. N ew LondonD . E. Whiton Company N ew LondonT he Cha
’
pin-Stephens Company Pine Meadow
J . B . Tatem S on Putnam*F . W . Bradley Rockvi l leJames Swan Company SeymourT he Huntington Piano Company SheltonWhitcomb Metallic Bedstead Company, Pioneer Works SheltonWhit'lock Printing Press Company SheltonPeck, Stow Wilcox Company S outhington
*Knapp Box Company South NorwalkS ealshipt Oyster System South Norwalk
*T he C. S . Trowbridge Company South NorwalkCheney Brothers S outh
'
M anchester
T he Smith Winchester Manufacturing Company . . S outh Windham
Make boxes or Shooks for sale.
84 CO NNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATIO N,BULLETIN N O . 1 74.
*Preble & BumsteadSeth Thomas Clock CompanyT he Jennings Griffen Manufacturing CompanyWaterbury Clock CompanyC. B . Cottrel l Sons Company .
Windham Handle CompanyT he George P . Clark CompanyWm. L . Gi lbert Clock Company*T he T ifi
‘any Pickett Company
Winsted Manufacturing Company*Stil l River BO X Shop
BUTCHERS’ BLOCKS .
J . W. Curtiss AnsoniaW . S . Danielson DanielsonA. Bowe S on Meriden
CHAIRS .
T he Charles Parker CompanyT he Vocalion Organ CompanyRattan Manufacturing CompanyMetropolitan Chair CompanyT he B . J . Harrison Sons CompanyT he John W . R oe Estate
CIGAR BOXES .
T he Bronson Robinson CompanyCarl G. A. G ruettke N ew HavenChas. S . S t . John South NorwalkH . S .
‘Cowles Sons S uffield
CLOCKS .
T he E . Ingraham Company BristolT he Sessions Clock Company Forestvil leT he N ew Haven Clock Company N ew HavenSeth Thomas Clock Company ThomastonWaterbury Clock Company WaterburyWm. L. Gilbert Clock Company Winsted
FIRE ARMS .
Colts Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company HartfordMeriden Fire Arms Company MeridenParker Brothers .MeridenWinchester Repeating Arms Company N ew HavenT he Marlin Firearms Company N ew HavenUnion Hardware Company
Make boxes or Shooks for sale.
S tafford SpringsThomastonTracy P. O .
WaterburyWesterly
Wil limanticWindsor Locks
WinstedWinstedWinsted
Woodstock Valley
86 CO NNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATIO N ,BULLETI N N O . 174.
Peck, Stow Wilcox CompanyWindham Handle CompanyUnion Hardware CompanyT he Jennings Griffen Manufacturing CompanyEastern Wood Working CompanyF. B . Smith S onsJames H . HarryB . P . Mervin Wood Turning WorksJ . M . Tatem Handle CompanyT heWinsted Edge Tool WorksC. I . Yale Manufacturing Company
INSTRUMENT S,PROFESS IO NAL AND SCIENTIFIC.
Prentice'
Manufacturing Company BridgeportS tan ley Rule Level Company N ew BritainSargent Company N ew HavenT he Wilbur Corporation N ew HavenD . E. Whiton Company N ew LondonT he Chapin-Stephens Company Pine MeadowC. M . 81 E. B . Kent PutnamPeck, S tow Wilcox Company SouthingtonUn ion Hardware Company TorringtonT he Upson Nut Company Unionvil le
LAUNDRY A PPLIANCES .
T he East Hartford Lumber Ladder CompanyBishop Ladder CompanyG eo. C. Wilcox
MACH INERY AND APPARATUS , ELECTRICAL.
T he N . J . Patrick CorporationBates Warfield
Union Hardware Company
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS , NOT ELECTRICA L .
T he Bal l Socket Company CheshireTurner Machine Company DanburyA . Gilbert SonsBrown Cotton G in Company N ew LondonCheney Brothers South ManchesterT he Smith Winchester Manufacturing Company South Windham
MISCELLANEOUS .
O lmstead—Thompson Manufacturing CompanyN . Buckingham Company, I nc.
T he Sewing Machine Cabinet CompanyClayton Cooperage Company
SouthingtonSouth Windham
.TorringtonTracy P . O .
WallingfordWarrenvil le
West CheshireWestport
WillimanticWinstedYalesville
APPENDIX .
W. L . Sanford CanaanT he Torrey Brothers Company Central VillageNorman P . Little .East HartfordT he Brewing Appliance Specialty Company HartfordHartford Burial Case Company .HartfordC. O . Jelliff Company N ew CanaanSargent Company N ew HavenChas. I . Allen PequabuckG eo. W. Smith S on S outh C anterburvT he W . N . Craw Manufacturing Company South NorwalkChas. Gilbert S tepney DepotUnion Hardware Company TorringtonL. D:E. E. Hoyt UnionvilleB . P . Mervin Wood Turning Works .Westport
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS .
Denison Bros.
Pratt, Read CompanyT he S terling CompanyAustin Organ CompanyT he Comstock Cheney CompanyMansfield Organ Pipe WorksT he Chas. Parker CompanyT he Vocalion Organ CompanyT he Wilcox White CompanyH . Hall CompanyB . S honinger CompanyImperial Manufacturing CompanySchleicher Sons Piano Company
PATTERNS .
Fred F . BeachBridgeport Pattern Model CompanyT he Lake T orpedo Boat CompanyO . S . P lattSessions Foundry CompanyTurner Machine CompanyC. F . Yochum
E. J . AndersonT he J.
'
C . Barrett Company, I nc.
T he Columbia Motor C ar CompanyCrase JohnsonT he Hartford Pattern Model CompanyTopping BrothersT he Cutaway Harrow CompanyT he Hemming Brothers Company
Deep RiverDeep River
DerbyHartfordIvoryton
Mansfield DepotMeridenMeridenMeriden
.N ew HavenN ew HavenStamfordS tamford
BridgeportBridgeportBridgeportBridgeportBristolDanburyDanburyCroton
HartfordHartfordHartfordHartfordHartfordHartfordHigganum
N ew Haven
88 CO N NECTI CUT EXPERIMEN T STATIO N, BULLETIN N O . 174.
T heM cL agon Foundry CompanyN ew Haven Machinery CompanyBrown Cotton G in CompanyN ew London Marine Iron WorksT he T hameS T ow Boat CompanyD . E . Whiton CompanyT he Baird Machine CompanyC . H . A isthrope
T he Smith Winchester Manufacturing C O .
Wm. B. Judd.C . H . Manvil leC. B . Cottrel l S ons CompanyG eo. C. Wilcox
PLANIN G M ILL PRODUCTS .
H . W. Woodford AvonA . W. Burritt Company BridgeportH . C. Hoffman Company BridgeportW. S . Hurlburt Bui lding Company BridgeportFrank E. Mil ler Lumber Company BridgeportW. A . Smith S on BridgeportRhoades Stanton . CanaanW. S . DanielsonJames A . N ichols DanielsonThomas Forsyth Fairfield
T he Maher Brothers,
Corporation GreenwichT he East Hartford Lumber Ladder Co . East HartfordW . H . Cairns Wood Working Company East HartfordT he Edwin Taylor Lumber Company HartfordS . C. Lewis MeridenT he T. E. Main Company MoosupT he Naugatuck Lumber Coal Company NaugatuckH . C. Messenger N ew HartfordT he George A lling
'
s Sons Company N ew HavenDavid E . Clark N ew HavenT he M . J . G ibbud Company N ew HavenT he Hubbel l Merwin Company N ew HavenT he S perry Amos Company N ew HavenWarren Sperry Company N ew HavenDenison Brown N ew LondonH . R. Douglas N ew LondonN ew London Marine Iron Works N ew LondonL. S . Raymond N ew LondonH . B . Porter S on Company NorwichT he Wheaton Bui lding Finish Company PutnamH . W. Mather South NorwalkSt. John Keyser South Norwalk
N ew HavenN ew HavenN ew LondonN ew LondonN ew LondonN ew London
Oakvil leSouth NorwalkSouth Windham
WaterburyWaterbury
Westerly, R. I .
Winsted
APPEN DIX .
A.
‘Waldron South NorwalkT he S t. John Wood Working Company S tamfordT he Hotchkiss Brothers Company TorringtonT he Torrington Lumber Company Torringt onLoucks Clarke WallingfordT he C. F. Woodking Company WallingfordJ . E. Smith Company, I nc. WaterburyT he Tracy Brothers Company WaterburyG eo. A . Upham WaterburyH . S . Case WeatogueT he H . H . Richards Lumber Company West HavenT he Isaac Sherman Company Westerly, R. I .
R. G. B arlow S on WestfordHi llhouse Taylor Wil limantic
PRINTING MATERIALS .
B . P. Webler
W. T .
_Barnum Company
C. S . Butler S on
E . B . Sheldon CompanyT he Brown Cotton G in CompanyWhitlock Printing Press CompanyC. B . Cottrell Sons Company
SAS H , DOORS AND BLINDS AND GENERAL MILLWORK.
W'
. H . Thompson AnsoniaA . W . Burrett Company BridgeportH . C. Hoffman Company BridgeportFrank E. Miller Lumber Company BridgeportW. R. Muirhead Lumber Company BridgeportW. A. Smith Company Bridgeport£[O hnson Lindel l Company CanaanE lmer H . Barnum DanburyFoster Brothers DanburyW. S . Danielson DanielsonJames
-
A . Nichols DanielsonT he H . Sands Sel leck Company DarienF. A . Bradley .DerbyWm. CooperT he N . J . Patrick Corporation DerbyW. H . Cairns Wood Working Company East HartfordJ . P . CrosbyT he Maher Brothers Corporation GreenwichT he Andrews and Peck Company HartfordW. E .
‘
Caulkins S on HartfordC. H . Dresser S on, I nc. HartfordHartford Builders’ Finish Company Hartford
90 C O N N ECTICUT EXPERIMEN T STATIO N,BULLETIN N O . 1 74.
T he Hartford Sash Door Company HartfordM cI ntyre Ahern {artford
J . W. Murray HartfordWm. Olds Company HartfordJames Struthers HartfordT he Edwin Taylor Lumber Company HartfordAmos D . Bridge’
s Sons, I nc. Haz ardvil leChapman Tripp Jewett CityG eo. J . Switz er L itchfield
T he Morehouse Brothers Company MeridenT he Gustav Lowenthal Company .MiddletownNaugatuck Lumber Coal Company . . T NaugatuckCarlson Torel l N ew BritainH . E. Dimock N ew BritainT he John Pinches Company N ew BritainT he G eo. A lling
’s Sons Company N ew Haven
David E. Clark N ew HavenM . Etz el S on N ew HavenGerrish Hume N ew HavenT he M . J . G ibbud Company N ew HavenLewis Hawthorne Company N ew HavenT he Hubbel l Merwin Company N ew HavenG. E. Johnstone81 Company N ew HavenMorgan Humiston Company N ew HavenNorton Brothers N ew HavenLewis R empfer N ew HavenSargent Company N ew HavenT he S perry Amos Company N ew HavenWarner Sperry Company N ew HavenT he Wilbur Corporation N ew HavenDenison Brown N ew LondonH . R. Douglas N ew LondonHenry 0. Hawthorne N ew London
N ew LondonA . R . Malkin Company NorwalkT he H . B . Porter S on Company NorwichC . M . E. B . Kent PutnamT he Wheaton Building Finish Company PutnamG em Ventilator Company SaybrookCheney Brothers S outh ManchesterColonial Co‘lumn Manufacturing Company S O ii th NorwalkT he Hatch Bailey Company South NorwalkH . W. Mather South NorwalkS t. John Keyser South NorwalkA . Waldron South NorwalkT he S t. John Wood Working Company StamfordWalter Bates Sons Thompson .
APPENDIX .
T he Hotchkiss Brothers CompanyT he Torrington Lumber CompanyR .
-F . JonesT he Parsons Lumber Hardware CompanyT he C. F. Wooding CompanyW. W. WilsonBrass City Lumber CompanyThomas HeatonWm. B . JuddJ . E . Smith Company
,I nc.
T he Tracy Brothers CompanyG eo. A . UphamT he Watertown Lumber
'
Company a»
T he Isaac Sherman CompanyT he H . H . Richards Lumber CompanyThomas Quin lanHillhouse TaylorLatham CraneConnecticut Screen Cabinet Company
SHIPS AND BOATS .
Claus A . JohnsonT he Lake Torpedo Boat CompanyG eo. SaundersC . E . StevensR. StoughtonPalmer BrothersComstock MackHarrison HallidayAaron T. PerkinsT he Gildersleeve Ship Building Co .
Greenwich Yacht YardChas. ButsonC. F. FergusonL . P . AndersonW . P . FowlerReuben E . HallRalph B . HallT he Hartford N ew York Transportation Co .
H . T. AdamsE . E. CramptonJohn E. M ar S on
Antonio PaloS . W. PringE dw . M . SearsLouis AndersonT he T. A . Scott Company
TorringtonTorringtonUnionvil leUnionvilleWallingford
Washington DepotWaterburyWaterburyWaterburyWaterburyWaterbury
WatertownWesterly, R . I .
West HavenWestport
Wil limanticWillimanticYalesvi lle
BranfordBridgeportChesterClintonClintonC os CobEssexEssexEssex
GildersleeveGreenwichGrotonGrotonGuilfordGuilfordGuilfordG uilfordHartford
N ew HavenN ew HavenN ew HavenN ew HavenN ew HavenN ew HavenN ew LondonN ew London
92 C O N N ECTICUT EXPERIMEN T STATIO N,BULLETIN N O . 1 74.
T he Thames T OW Boat Company N ew LondonJerry Davis .NoankT he Robert Palmer S on S . B . M . Ry. Co . NoankFreeman Rogers .NoankC. L . Barker NorwalkMarine Ry. Boat Building Company Port landG eo. W. Smith S on South CanterburyOscar Anderson South NorwalkBanks Company S outh NorwalkLeslie Gamble South NorwalkT he Marine Railways C on . Company StamfordG eo. S crobogna S tamfordT he S tamford Motor C ompany S tamfordW . E. Bedel l StratfordT he West Mystic Boat Company West Mystic
SPOOLS AND BOBBINS .
Frank L. SmithT he Torrey Brothers CompanyA . Gilbert SonsG. W. WinslowJ . M . Keith CompanyT he Allen Spool Printing Company z
Webster D . WhedonE . L. WalkerJ . B . Tatem S on
G eo. W . Smith S on
W. H . ArmstrongCheney BrothersWindham Handle CompanyWalter Bates SonsJ . M . Tatem Handle Company
SPORTING GOODS .
A . Gilbert Sons DerbyT he Torrey Brothers Company Central Vil lageH . G. Shepard 8:S ons N ew HavenG eo. W . Smith S on South Canterbury
TANKS .
H . C. HoffmanElmer H . BarnumW . S . DanielsonT he G eo. A lling
’s Sons Company
H . G. Shepard S onsT he T . A . S cott Company
Baltic, R. F. D .
Central VillageDerby
East Kil linglyEastfordMystic
.MadisonN ew HavenPutnam
South CanterburyCoventry
S outh ManchesterSouth Windham
.ThompsonWil limantic
94 CO N N ECTI CUT EXPERIMENT STATIO N,BULLE TIN No . 174.
The Pope Manufacturing Company, West Works HartfordT he James Pullar Company HartfordW. H . Fowler HockanumF .. A . Chapman IvorytonChapman Tripp Jewett CityM . Abraham MeridenJohn .Bostelman MeridenA . Bowe 8: S on MeridenChalker Fenn MeridenO tto G. O st MeridenJ . B . Evans MiddletownW . S . Reynolds 2. .MiddletownH . A. Smith Mi lfordJames Murphy NaugatuckBarney Van Ness NaugatuckBenoit Brothers N ew BritainN ew Britain Carriage Company N ew BritainT he M . Armstrong Company N ew HavenD . W. Baldwin 8L Company N ew HavenDann Brothers N ew HavenA . T . Demarest 81 C ompany N ew HavenJoseph Gardner HavenW . J . Gates N ew HavenJ . F. Goodrich 81 Company N ew HavenCharlesM . Hamm N ew HavenT he Holcomb Company HavenHenry Hooker Company N ew HavenFrederick Howshield N ew HavenChas:A . K andetski N ew HavenJames Murphy HavenN ew Haven Auto Top Company N ew HavenN ew Haven
'
C arriage Company N ew HavenSa '
muel K. Page N ew HavenRattan Manufacturing Company N ew HavenH .
'G . Shepard Sons N ew HavenRafterWagon WO -rks N ew HavenW . Robertson N ew HavenWest Rock Wagon Works N ew HavenG .. A. T enbroeck L
' N ew HavenG eo. H . Barber N ew L
'
O ndon
A . B . Collins N ew London
J . B . Getchel l N ew LondonD . E . 81 J . F. Moran N ew LondonElliott Wagon Corporation North Grosvenor DaleC . L. Barker NorwalkS . T. Ruby Norwalk
APPEN DIX .
T he L. L . Chapman Company NorwichG eo. W . Harris NorwichM . B . Ring NorwichScott Clark Corporation NorwichJ . A. Walz NorwichA . R. K eables Norwichtown
NorwichtownI . M . Shap iro Oakvi l leT he Wheaton Building Finish C ompany PutnamG eo. B . Milne Rockvil leFred H . S charp .Rockvil leRaymond Brothers R fowayton
W. H . A rmstrong South CoventryH . W. Mather South NorwalkA . Waldron South NorwalkI ra B . B liss S tamfordC. L . Smalley S tepneyM . .G . Dibble S uffield
H . C. Holdredge S uffield
J. H . Baeder TorringtonC. C . HaightL . D . E. D . Hoyt Unionvil leL . B . Scranton WallingfordH . O ddy S on WallingfordEkman Brothers Washington DepotR. N . B lakeslee WaterburyW. M . Doyle WaterburyG eo. H . Goodwin WaterburyA. J . Kenneally WaterburyPeter Laroque WaterburyO
’
N eil FO X WaterburyO
’
N eil Warner WaterburyG eo. Panneton WaterburyM . Rosen WaterburyW. B .
‘ Whitney \WaterburyA. A . Devylder West CheshireJames H . Harry West CheshireC. H .
‘
HoldredgeT Westerly, R. I .
S til lman Carriage Company Westerly. R. I .
A . R. Burnham WillimanticGalipeau 8:Ducharme Wil limanticJ . Alexander Winchester CenterJohn Darcey S on Winchester CenterT he G eo. P. Clark Company Windsor LocksHoward L . H itchcock WoodburyL. L . Ives Yalesvil le
96 CO N N ECTI C UT EXPERIMEN T STATIO N,BULLETI N N o. 1 74.
WOODENWARE AND NOVELTIES .
E .
'W. Buel l a.
”
Connecticut Screen Cabinet CompanyElmwood Button CompanyFayette WightmanW . S . DanielsonA . Gilbert S on
T he East Hartford Lumber and Ladder Co .
E . J . AndersonBishop Ladder CompanyCrase JohnsonAmos S . Bridge’
s Sons, I nc.
C. O . Jelliff81 CompanyA . W . Flint 81 CompanySargent CompanyT he Baird Machine CompanyChas. I . AllenPeck, S tow81 Wilcox CompanyWindham Handle CompanyPreble 81 BumsteadUnion Hardware CompanyB . P . Merwin Wood Turning Works Westport
T H E 1 91 0 L U M B E R C U T O F C O N N E C T I C U T .
T he statistics and discussions in the foregoing report are based on astudy ofthe woods consumed in 191 1 by the Connecticut factories. Thisreport, it wil l be recal led , does not include the cut of rough lumber butonly that part of it which becomes the raw material of the factoriesconverting it into various commodities. For
'
the convenience of the
reader who may desire to make a comparison of the kinds and amountsof lumber produced by the Connecticut sawmil ls, with the quantity con
sumed by the factories, an exact copy of part of the Bureau of CensusBulletin giving the 1910 lumber cut for Connecticut is presented in the
following table:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
o o o o o o o o o o o
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
AndoverYalesvil leBridgeport
. BristolDanielsonDer
'
byEast Hartford
HartfordHartfordHartfordHaz ardvil leN ew CanaanN ew HavenN ew HavenOakvil le
PequabuckSouthingt on
South WindhamStafford Springs