War Consumes EuropeChapter 29 Section 2

I The Alliance System Collapses•Euro divided into 2 camps• Triple Entante = GB,

France, Russia• Triple Alliance =

Germany, A-H, Italy•A-H declaring war on Serbia chain reaction w/in alliance system

A. Chain Reaction• A-H Declares war on Serrbia

Russia moving army towards Russian- Austria border• Also moved/mobilized on German

border because they expected to Germany to join Austria

• Germany sees Russias action as deldaration of war• Russia looks to its ally France for

help• Before France reacts Germany

declares war on France Europe now locked in battle

B. Schlieffen Plan• Germany implements the

Schlieffen Plan• In case of 2 front war, Germay

would attack France and then Russia because Russias lack of RR would not allow for quick mobilization• Beat France then return to fight

Russia on west• Germany demands to be allowed to

move troops through Belgium (neutral) but they refused Germany invading Belgium GB entering war• GB declaring war on Belgium

C. European Nations Take Sides•Central Powers = Germany

& A-H• Central because of their

location in Euro• Belgium & Ottoman empire

join later in hopes of regaining land

•Allies = GB, France, Russia• Japan later joins• Italy, ONCE NEUTRAL, joins

claiming Germany unprovoked invasion of Belgium nullified alliance

II A Bloody Stalemate Along the Western FrontA. The Conflict Grinds to a Halt

• Germany’s attack in France stalemate in northern France (Western Front)• Germany’s S Plan successful at first until

France gains intel of Germ Op.• Alies attack germans near Paris (Battle

of the Marne) 4 days of fight ending w/ German retreat

• Significance of Battle of Marne = left German’s S Plans in ruins• Quick victory not achievable in west

while Russian invades eastern Germany• Germany now fighting on 2 fronts

B. War in the Trenches•Western Front = miles of trenches

Trench Warfare• Holes dug out in ground from which

solders fought each other huge losses for small gains

• “No mans land” = space between trenches• “over the top” into machine gun fire• Artillery into trenches

• New tools of war DID NOT lead to quick end of war but just killed more ppl• Battle of Somme each side = ½ mil.

Causalities

III The Battle on the Eastern Front• Eastern Front = battlefield along the German & Russian border• Eastern front more mobile than Wesetern front

• Russia invades Germany Germany destroys Russian troops• Russia invades Austria Russia winning until Austria helped by Germans• Russia weakens because it is not industrialized• Short on war supplies