War in the Pacific

World War II (1939-1945)

Chapter 27, Section 3

Essential Questions:

• What is the price YOU are willing to pay for freedom?

• If you were President of the United States and were advised to use nuclear weapons, would you use them?

The Bataan Death March• In 1942, the Japanese

Invaded and Took Over the Philippines

• Over 70,000 American and Filipino Troops Had to Surrender

• All Soldiers/Prisoners were Marched 60 Miles to a Prison Camp

• Anyone Who Fell Out of Line was Shot to Death!

Japanese Pacific Control• Attack at Pearl

Harbor Destroyed Most of the U.S. Navy Pacific Fleet

• Japanese Imperialism!

• Japan Then Attacked:– Hong Kong (China)– Thailand (France)– Guam (U.S.)– Wake Island (U.S.)– Malaya (Britain)– Burma (Britain)

Japan Takes Over the Philippines

• Right After the Attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese Attacked the Philippines!

• U.S. Pacific Fleet (Navy) was Weak!

• The U.S. and Filipinos Fought Back!

• How DID the U.S. Get the Philippines Again?

Fear of Japanese Invading Australia!

• As Japan Conquered More Territory, FDR Feared Japan Would Conquer Australia Next!

• FDR Ordered General MacArthur to Withdraw from the Philippines (& Protect Australia!)

• Philippines Would Then Be Owned by Japan! (U.S. Could Not Win)

General MacArthur• When MacArthur

Withdrew from the Philippines, He Knew the Japanese Would Attack!

• Promised, “I Shall Return!”

• Japan Soon Took Over the Philippine Islands and Captured 70,000 American and Filipino Troops (The Bataan Death March)

The Bataan Death March• In 1942, the Japanese

Invaded and Took Over the Philippines

• Over 70,000 American and Filipino Troops Had to Surrender

• All Soldiers/Prisoners were Marched 60 Miles to a Prison Camp

• Anyone who fell out of line was Shot to Death!

The Doolittle Raid• The United States

Needed to Turn the Tide Against Japan

• FDR Ordered a Surprise Attack on Tokyo, Japan

• Captain Doolittle and 16 Attack Bombers Dropped Bombs on Tokyo (Caused Little Damage but “Was a Needle Prick into Japan’s Heart”)

• Mission Boosted Allied Morale and Scared Japanese Leaders!

Doolittle Raid Map

The Battle of the Coral Sea

• The Coral Sea is Between New Guinea and Australia

• The Japanese Were Trying to Attack Australia!

• The U.S. Navy and the Japanese Navy Fought!

• Nobody Won! U.S.Was Able to STOP the Attack on Australia! (Victory!)

The Battle of Midway

• Midway Island is About 1,000 Miles Away from Hawaii

• Japan Was Trying to Surprise Attack Midway (Then Take Over Pearl Harbor, Then Maybe the U.S.)

• United States Found Out About the Surprise Attack!

Battle of Midway

Turning Point of WWII (In the Pacific!)

• U.S. Navy and Japanese Navy Fought!

• The U.S. Navy Destroyed 4 Japanese Aircraft Carriers! (Japanese Only Sank 1)

• 250 Japanese Fighter Planes Were Destroyed!

• Turning Point of WWII in the Pacific!

Island Hopping• Strategy to Capture

Japanese Islands in Order to Attack Japan

• Plan was to Conquer Japanese Islands that were NOT Heavily Defended

• Take Island/Build Runways/Attack Next Japanese Island

The Battle of Guadalcanal

• The U.S. Marines Invaded the Island of Guadalcanal in August of 1942

• The U.S. Marines Won the Battle in February 1943 (6 Month Battle)

• 1st Major Land Victory for the Allies!

The “Code” Talkers• Approximately 400

Navajo Indians were used to Protect American Secrets

• The Navajo Language was Used as Secret Code!

• The Code Talkers Went Into Battle and Helped the U.S. Communicate Attacks Without the Japanese Picking Up the Code!

Good Movie (Not Great)

• Based on the True Story of the Navajo Indian Code Talkers!

“I Shall Return”• U.S. Forces

Attacked the Philippines in October of 1944

• After a 3 Day Naval Battle, the Allies Came Ashore!

• It took 6 Months to Re-take the Philippines

“I Shall Return”

Kamikazes

• Kamikaze Means Suicide Pilot in Japanese

• Japanese Airplanes were Packed with Explosives and Pilots Crashed Their Planes into Allied Navy Ships and Targets

• Why Would Pilots Do This?

I Thought This Was Funny!

How to Bomb Japan?

• The United States Starting Taking Over More Islands with Island Hopping

• However, the Allies Had to Get Closer to Japan in Order to Bomb Them!

• Iwo Jima and Okinawa

Iwo Jima and Okinawa• The U.S. Marines

Invaded Iwo Jima in February 1945

• Japanese Defended Both Islands Fiercely

• Bloody Battles on Both Islands!

• Over 18,000 U.S. Soldiers Died

• 120,000 Japanese Soldiers Died

Iwo Jima: Mt. Suribachi

Iwo Jima Memorial: 13 Hands?

After Winning Iwo JimaBombing of Japan

Increased!

Dropping of the Atomic Bomb

• The Allies Planned to Invade Japan

• Military Leaders Warned Harry Truman that an Invasion of Japan Might Cost 200,000-500,000 American Lives (Maybe 2 Million Japanese)

• Advisors Told Harry Truman of the Manhattan Project

The Manhattan Project

• Top Secret Program to Build an Atomic Bomb

• Oppenheimer, Einstein, and other Famous Scientists Worked On It

• 3 Year Program (They Built Only 3 Bombs!)

• Enough Power to Wipe Out an Entire City

Surrender or Else!• Harry Truman Told

Japan to Surrender or Face Destruction!

• Truman Decides NOT to Invade Japan (No More American Deaths)

• Harry Truman Decides to Drop the Atomic Bomb!

• What Would YOU Have Done?

The Enola Gay• The Enola Gay is the B-

29 Bomber That Dropped the Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

• B-29 Bomber Was Known as the Flying Fortress!

• HUGE!!!

• Considered One of the Wonders of the War!

Crew of the Enola Gay

The B-29 Bomber(The Flying Fortress)

Hiroshima• August 6th, 1945

• 70,000 People Died Immediately

• 5 Square Miles Were Totally Destroyed

• Japan Did NOT Surrender!

Nagasaki• August 9th, 1945

• 40,000 People Died Immediately

• More Innocent Death and Destruction

• Japan Finally Surrendered!

The USS Missouri

• On August 14th, 1945, The Japanese Surrendered!

• Emperor Hirohito and General Tojo Met on the USS Missouri and Signed the Peace Agreement

• World War II Was OVER!

Debate Question:

• Looking back now and what we know weapons of mass destruction can do, was the dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan, a decision made by President Harry Truman, the right thing to do? Explain!

Essential Questions:

• What is the price YOU are willing to pay for freedom?

• If you were President of the United States and were advised to use nuclear weapons, would you use them?