Warm Up Why do your cells need to transport stuff? What would be some things they would transport? Why do your cells need to transport stuff? What would be some things they would transport? Today: Today: Discuss diffusion and concentration gradients Discuss diffusion and concentration gradients How osmosis functions How osmosis functions Warm UP 12-3 Explain how diffusion works, including the concentrations needed for the substance to move Explain how diffusion works, including the concentrations needed for the substance to move Today: Today: Begin egg lab Begin egg lab Solutions (hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic) Solutions (hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic) Homeostasis and Cell Transport Chapter 5 Diffusion Diffusion the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Occurs because of the kinetic energy in molecules (random movement) Occurs because of the kinetic energy in molecules (random movement) DEMO Diffusion in Water Diffusion in Water EX: Food dye slowly diffuses b/c of the movement of the water molecules and the dye particles EX: Food dye slowly diffuses b/c of the movement of the water molecules and the dye particles Diffusion in air Diffusion in air EX: The odor molecules bounce against each other and the gas molecules in the air and slowly diffuse into the classroom. EX: The odor molecules bounce against each other and the gas molecules in the air and slowly diffuse into the classroom. Concentration Gradient Concentration Gradient difference in concentration of molecules across a distance difference in concentration of molecules across a distance Dynamic Equilibrium Dynamic Equilibrium the condition in which there is continuous movement but no overall change the condition in which there is continuous movement but no overall change This means there no longer is a concentration gradient This means there no longer is a concentration gradient there is no high and no low everything is equal there is no high and no low everything is equal Osmosis Osmosis the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane Diffusion of water goes from high concentration to lower concentration Diffusion of water goes from high concentration to lower concentration Draw Which way will the water move? Solution Sucrose = 75% Water = 25% Cell Sucrose = 25% Water = 75% Solution Sucrose = 35% Water = 65% Cell Sucrose = 65% Water = 35% Where will the water move? What will happen? ww.goldiesroom.org/Multimedia/Bio_Images/06 %2520Transport/06%2520Osmosis.jpg&imgrefu rl=http://www.goldiesroom.org/Note%2520Packe ts/06%2520Transport/00%2520Transport-- WHOLE.htm&usg=___jLC2fuTVg2WoENLx6stG wDLC28=&h=296&w=590&sz=32&hl=en&start= 19&um=1&tbnid=so3zloAhuKV4nM:&tbnh=68&t bnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dosmosis%26 hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox- a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en- US:official%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1ww.goldiesroom.org/Multimedia/Bio_Images/06 %2520Transport/06%2520Osmosis.jpg&imgrefu rl=http://www.goldiesroom.org/Note%2520Packe ts/06%2520Transport/00%2520Transport-- WHOLE.htm&usg=___jLC2fuTVg2WoENLx6stG wDLC28=&h=296&w=590&sz=32&hl=en&start= 19&um=1&tbnid=so3zloAhuKV4nM:&tbnh=68&t bnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dosmosis%26 hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox- a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en- US:official%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1 Reverse Osmosis 12-4 What is an hypotonic solution? What happens to the movement of molecule in an hypotonic solution? What is an hypotonic solution? What happens to the movement of molecule in an hypotonic solution? Then hand in your warm ups Then hand in your warm ups Today: Today: Continue with the Egg lab (get out your lab sheet) Continue with the Egg lab (get out your lab sheet) Discuss turgor pressure, plasmolysis, hypertonic solutions Discuss turgor pressure, plasmolysis, hypertonic solutions Solution Solution Homogeneous mixture (a uniform mixture) of two or more substances Homogeneous mixture (a uniform mixture) of two or more substances Example: Example: Salt and Water Salt and Water Solute: Solute: Substance that is dissolved in another substance Substance that is dissolved in another substance Solvent: Solvent: Thing that the solute is dissolved in Thing that the solute is dissolved in What is the most common solvent? What is the most common solvent? Water Water Biology Warm Up Describe why water leaves the cell in a hypertonic solution. Describe why water leaves the cell in a hypertonic solution. Today: Today: Continue with the lab Continue with the lab Worksheet Worksheet Warm Up Draw a graphic organizer for hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions. Tell me which way the water moves for each and what happens to the cell Draw a graphic organizer for hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions. Tell me which way the water moves for each and what happens to the cell Today: Today: We will finish our egg lab today We will finish our egg lab today Take notes on turgor pressure and plasmolysis Take notes on turgor pressure and plasmolysis Bio Warm Up Get out a clean piece of paper you can turn in Get out a clean piece of paper you can turn in Questions: Questions: 1. What is osmosis? 2. What is a hypertonic solution? What happens to the cell in this type of solution? 3. What is a hypotonic solution? What happens to the cell in this type of solution? Isotonic Solution Isotonic Solution a solution in which the concentration of solutes outside the cell (ex: salts) is the same as the concentration of solutes inside the cell a solution in which the concentration of solutes outside the cell (ex: salts) is the same as the concentration of solutes inside the cell Would osmosis occur in this situation? Would osmosis occur in this situation? No, because there is no concentration gradient (no net movement) No, because there is no concentration gradient (no net movement) Hypotonic Solution Hypotonic Solution solution in which the concentration of solutes (ex - salts) is LOWER than the solute concentration inside the cell solution in which the concentration of solutes (ex - salts) is LOWER than the solute concentration inside the cell Which way will the water move? Which way will the water move? into the cell cell will swell / burst into the cell cell will swell / burst If we put Elodea leaves in a hypotonic solution, what happens? If we put Elodea leaves in a hypotonic solution, what happens? Water will move into the cell to dilute the salts this causes the cell to swell Water will move into the cell to dilute the salts this causes the cell to swell Turgor Pressure Turgor Pressure the pressure that exists inside a cell caused by water the pressure that exists inside a cell caused by water High turgor pressure can cause animal cells to burst. Why? High turgor pressure can cause animal cells to burst. Why? They do not have a cell wall. They do not have a cell wall. What would happen if there is low turgor pressure in plants? What would happen if there is low turgor pressure in plants? Causes them to wilt Causes them to wilt Then you water the plant and it will regain the pressure and stand up straight Then you water the plant and it will regain the pressure and stand up straight Hypertonic Solution Hypertonic Solution solution in which the concentration of solute (ex salt) is higher outside than the concentration inside the cell solution in which the concentration of solute (ex salt) is higher outside than the concentration inside the cell Which direction will the water move? Which direction will the water move? Out of the cell Out of the cell What will happen to an Elodea Leaf in a hypertonic solution? What will happen to an Elodea Leaf in a hypertonic solution? Water will leave the cell Water will leave the cell Plasmolysis Plasmolysis Water will leaves the cell, and result in shriveling of the cell Water will leaves the cell, and result in shriveling of the cell Warm Up What is plasmolysis? What would happen to the plant cell? What is turgor pressure? What happens to the plant if there is low turgor pressure? High turgor pressure? What is plasmolysis? What would happen to the plant cell? What is turgor pressure? What happens to the plant if there is low turgor pressure? High turgor pressure? Today: Today: Discuss plasmolysis and turgor pressure Discuss plasmolysis and turgor pressure View the effects of a hypo / hypertonic solution on Elodea leaves View the effects of a hypo / hypertonic solution on Elodea leaves Summary of Hypo/Hypertonic solution changes on a RBC. Biology Warm ATB What is the function of the contractile vacuole? Why do some cells need them? What is the function of the contractile vacuole? Why do some cells need them? Today: Today: Turn in egg lab! Turn in egg lab! 1 st page - Rubric 1 st page - Rubric 2 nd page lab write up 2 nd page lab write up 3 rd page graph 3 rd page graph 4 th page lab direction sheet 4 th page lab direction sheet Assignment read pages Assignment read pages Do Questions #1-8 Do Questions #1-8 Turn in when done Turn in when done ATB What would happen to a grape placed in highly concentrated sugar water? Why would this happen? What would happen to a grape placed in highly concentrated sugar water? Why would this happen? This Week: This Week: Test Friday! Test Friday! Today: Today: Selective permeability Selective permeability Active transport Active transport Review If the cell shrinks, it is in what type of solution? If the cell shrinks, it is in what type of solution? If the cell is at equilibrium with its environment, its in what type of solution? If the cell is at equilibrium with its environment, its in what type of solution? If the cell swells, its in what type of solution? If the cell swells, its in what type of solution? Water 90% Salt 10% Water 95% Salt 5% Water 50% Salt 50% Water 50% Salt 50% Water 64% Salt 36% Water 44% Salt 56% Contractile Vacuoles Contractile Vacuoles Organelle that excretes excess water from cells Organelle that excretes excess water from cells Uses energy Uses energy Usually found in unicellular freshwater organisms. Usually found in unicellular freshwater organisms. This prevents them from bursting in a hypotonic solution. This prevents them from bursting in a hypotonic solution. Contractile vacuole Contractile vacuole Plasmolysis Plasmolysis loss of turgor pressure in plant cell due to loss of water loss of turgor pressure in plant cell due to loss of water What happens to a plant during plasmolysis? What happens to a plant during plasmolysis? The plant wilts The plant wilts The plants plasma membrane and cytoplasm will shrink away from the cell wall The plants plasma membrane and cytoplasm will shrink away from the cell wall Egg Lab Report Graph Graph Must be colored Must be colored Graph your starting mass and then use your final mass data which is in blue Graph your starting mass and then use your final mass data which is in blue Add a column to you data table: Add a column to you data table: Percent Change in Mass ((Initial Mass Final Mass) / Initial Mass) x 100 Calculate all the changes in mass for your egg Starting Mass (grams) Final Mass (g) Change in mass (g) % Change in Mass ((Initial Mass Final Mass) / Initial Mass) x 100 Egg in shell ============ Vinegar Corn Syrup Distilled Egg Lab Report Analysis of your Data: Analysis of your Data: Be sure you are using the terms weve discussed in class in your explanation of your results. Be sure you are using the terms weve discussed in class in your explanation of your results. Example Example What you should turn in: What you should turn in: Page 1 Directions Page 1 Directions Page 2 Written lab report Page 2 Written lab report Page 3 Graph Page 3 Graph Page 4 Your actual lab procedure Page 4 Your actual lab procedure Selective Permeability Selective Permeability plasma membrane to allows some materials to pass while keeping others out plasma membrane to allows some materials to pass while keeping others out Why is selective permeability important? Why is selective permeability important? So the cell can allow important substance in (water, oxygen, glucose) and keep harmful substances out (bacteria). So the cell can allow important substance in (water, oxygen, glucose) and keep harmful substances out (bacteria). Passive Transport Passive Transport Passive Transport movement of particles across membranes by diffusion movement of particles across membranes by diffusion This process uses no energy This process uses no energy Molecules moving from hi conc low conc Molecules moving from hi conc low conc Facilitated Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion name for passive transport using transport proteins name for passive transport using transport proteins Does not use energy!!! Does not use energy!!! Example: Example: Glucose going from high conc. Outside cell low inside the cell Glucose going from high conc. Outside cell low inside the cell Transport through the cell membrane: Transport through the cell membrane: Transport proteins Transport proteins proteins that assist facilitated diffusion proteins that assist facilitated diffusion Warm Up What is the function of transport proteins? What is the function of the ion channels? What is the function of transport proteins? What is the function of the ion channels? TEST FRIDAY! RS due Friday! TEST FRIDAY! RS due Friday! Today: Today: Finish notes Na + / K + pump, endocytosis, exocytosis Finish notes Na + / K + pump, endocytosis, exocytosis Ion channels Ion channels proteins transport ions from high concentration to lower concentration proteins transport ions from high concentration to lower concentration Ions (like Na+, Ca+, etc) are not soluble in lipids, so they must travel through proteins channels Ions (like Na+, Ca+, etc) are not soluble in lipids, so they must travel through proteins channels Ion channels are ion specific Ion channels are ion specific Some channels are always open, some have gate Some channels are always open, some have gate Gates open from stimuli: stretching of cell membrab., electrical or chemical signals Gates open from stimuli: stretching of cell membrab., electrical or chemical signals Active Transport Active Transport transport of materials against a concentration gradient requires energy transport of materials against a concentration gradient requires energy ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) the ENERGY molecule for the cell the ENERGY molecule for the cell Breaks down from ATP ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) Breaks down from ATP ADP (Adenosine di-phosphate) Hydrolysis of the phosphate releases energy Hydrolysis of the phosphate releases energy Active Transport Active Transport Example Sodium-potassium Pump Sodium-potassium Pump transfer protein example transfer protein example Transfers Na+ out and K+ in Transfers Na+ out and K+ in Creates electrical gradient Creates electrical gradient Important for nerve impulses Important for nerve impulses Na+ / K+ Pump Endocytosis Endocytosis when a cell surrounds and takes in material from the environment when a cell surrounds and takes in material from the environment Uses ____Energy___ Uses ____Energy___ Endocytosis Pinocytosis Pinocytosis Transport of fluids into the cell Transport of fluids into the cell Phagocytosis Phagocytosis Transfer of large particles / cells into the cell Transfer of large particles / cells into the cell Phagocytes Phagocytes Cells that ingest bacteria / viruses lysosomes fuse w/ vesicle to destroy them before harm done Cells that ingest bacteria / viruses lysosomes fuse w/ vesicle to destroy them before harm done Exocytosis Exocytosis when a cell expels materials to the extracellular environment when a cell expels materials to the extracellular environment Cell exports proteins, hormones and wastes this way Cell exports proteins, hormones and wastes this way This process uses ___Energy___ This process uses ___Energy___ Endo / Exocytosis Exocytosis and endocytosis Exocytosis and endocytosissa4Y8sa4Y8sa4Y8sa4Y8 The End The End Hypo / Hypertonic Solutions