warm-up how is culture learned? look at your textbook on page 91 for some ideas
TRANSCRIPT
Warm-up
How is culture learned? Look at your textbook on page 91 for
some ideas
Culture Collage
Use magazines and markers to create a collage that reflects your culture.
Make sure to include attitudes, values, and behaviors that you have learned from at least 3 of these major cultural influences… Family, Friends, and School Media Government Religious institutions
Culture Overview
Culture: shared attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors of a group Language Religion Art Music Food Clothing How people live
Warm-up Question
1. Write “religion” in inner circle
2. Write words/ phrases to describe religion in the outer circle.
3. Write examples of religions in the box, outside the circles
Hinduism and Buddhism3/1/2010
Objective
SWBAT identify and compare some of the world’s major religions, including Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism
Hinduism
The world’s 3rd largest religion
History One of the oldest
world religions No founder Evolved over
thousands of years Beliefs vary by
culture
Fundamental Teachings
Brahman – the eternal being that created and preserves the world
Encompasses all things in life
Devas – various manifestations of Brahman Vishnu – the Preserver Siva – the Destroyer Ganesha – lord of wisdom Lakshmi – grants wealth Belief in devas varies widely
Rebirth and Salvation
Atman (soul) cannot be destroyed
Reincarnation – after death, soul reborn w/ another body
Karma – sum effect of deeds and actions during life
Moksha – ultimate goal and life, reunite fully with Brahman
Sacred Texts
The Vedas – hymns of praise
Epic poems Ramayana Mahabharata
Bhagavad Gita - considered the most sacred Hindu text
Read an excerpt…
From the Bhagavad-Gita
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/episodes/january-22-2010/hinduism-and-modern-india/5510/
Buddhism
Mostly Concentrated in Asia More than 350 million Buddhists Spread through work of
missionaries from India Very diverse religion
History
Developed in India Based on teachings of
Siddhartha Gautama, also called Buddha
Wanted to find a way to overcome sickness, death, suffering
Meditation --> enlightenment
Teachings of Buddha
Four Noble Truths Suffering is part of
human life (can’t escape it)
Suffering comes from people’s desires for pleasures
Overcoming desires brings suffering to an end
Overcoming desires is possible if you follow the eightfold path
Eightfold Path
Desires can be overcome with eightfold path to nervana, (a state of perfect peace in which the soul is free from suffering forever)1. Right view2. Right attitude3. Right speech4. Right action5. Right livelihood6. Right effort7. Right mindfulness8. Right concentration
Eightfold Path
The Middle Way
Advises people to live in moderation
Judaism and Christianity3/2/2010
Think about it…
What do Christianity, Judaism and Islam have in common?
Abrahamic Religions
Judaism Christianity Islam
Judaism
Origin: religion of the Hebrews in Palestine (Israel)
Time: unknown, has history from beginning of time
History
Hebrew people living in Fertile Crescent
Writings form basis of laws and requirements of Judaism, foundation for Christian Bible (OT)
Ten Commandments
Teachings
Monotheism - one God Hebrews (Jews) believe they are
God’s chosen people Justice and Righteousness
Golden Rule Strong code of ethics
Obedience to the law
Sacred Texts
Torah The Talmud
Christianity
Started as an offshoot of Judaism in the first century A.D.
Early Christians were often persecuted.
History
Messianic Prophecy Messiah – spiritual leader who
would restore the ancient kingdom and bring peace to the world.
Jesus of Nazareth Life – Son of God Death and
Resurrection – makes eternal life possible for others
Christians believe that God is revealed through three dimensions: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit.
Sacred Texts
Bible Old Testament
the Jewish Torah with additions
New Testament written by the followers of Jesus after his death
World Religions: Part III
Islam
What do you know about Islam? Talk quietly with someone sitting
near you. Come up with as many things as you can about Islam. Think about what you’ve learned at home, in school, and in the news.
Islam or Muslim?
Islam is the name of the religion Muslim refers to its followers
What is Islam?
Read the “What is Islam?” article with a partner and fill out chart.
Islam
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/video/islamist-islamic.html
Answer the following question on the back of your chart. How has your view of Muslims
changed? What have you learned about the truths and the stereotypes about Islam?
Islam
Origin: Arabia, the prophet
Muhammad influenced by Judaism
and Christianity received a revelation
and told others kicked out of Mecca,
went to Medina followers took over
Mecca and religion spread quickly
• Time: early 600s
Sacred Text
Qur’an, broken into chapters
called Suras revelations of
Muhammad, written by followers
only the original Arabic language (translations are seen only as interpretations)
Beliefs
God (Allah) is compassionate and merciful Mecca is their holy city, also Medina and
Jerusalem believe in revelations given to Abraham,
Moses, Jesus, but the final given to Muhammad
Five Pillars of Islam
1. Confession of Faith- “There is no God but God and Muhammad is his prophet”
2. Daily Prayers- 5 times a day facing Mecca
Five Pillars of Islam
3. Give to the poor4. Fasting- dawn until
dusk for the whole month of Ramadan
5. Pilgrimage- Hajj, go to Mecca if able
Writing Assignment
Pick a religion that you know little about and write a 5 paragraph essay about it. This might be a helpful format: Introduction Brief History Beliefs Ideas you like/don’t like about it Conclusion MUST BE TYPED, SIZE 12 FONT, DOUBLE SPACED TWO SOURCES
Religion Beliefs Religious Texts
Hinduism Believe in Brahman (God) Devas (diff. manifestations of Brahman Reincarnation, Karma, Moksha
The Vedas Upanishads Bhagavad Gita
Buddhism Buddha is enlightened teacher, leader Four Noble Truthes Eightfold Path
Dhammapada Writings of
Buddha
Judaism Monotheism Jews are God’s chosen people Salvation through obedience and righteousness
Torah Talmud
Christianity Offshoot of Judaism (shared history) Based on Life, Death, Resurrection of Jesus Salvation through belief in Jesus
Bible (Old & New Testaments)