WarmUp #1

• Read the box on pg. 131 on mythology & answer the respective question.

• Read pg. 149 on Greek drama

& answer the respective questions.

ANCIENT GREECE:SPARTA & ATHENS

The Geography of Greece: mountainous terrain & islands kept city-states isolated from each other

Early Peoples of GreeceMinoans

• 2700-1450 BC on the island of Crete

• peaceful traders• king’s palace had many

rooms– bright paintings of

rural/sporting scenes

• scholars/historians are unable to decipher their writing

• destroyed by Mycenaean invasion in 1450 BC

Mycenae• 1600-1100 BC on the mainland of

Greece• loose alliance of independent city-states• warriors: decorations in homes showed

battle/hunting scenes• traders extended land through conquest

(Minoans)• most famous story from Homer = The

Iliad (Trojan War)• fell into trouble as numerous conflicts

between city-states, earthquakes, invasions, etc.

Minoan Civilization

Trojan War (~1250 BC)

• king of Mycenae (Agamemnon) led Greek troops in the sacking Troy, as revenge

• speculation that war was either over Helen (of Troy) OR over trade routes

• historians debate the reality of Trojan War

Homer• most famous Greek poet

– composed epic poems: literature involving heroic event(s) &/or person(s)

• most famous poems are:– The Iliad: the last year of

Trojan War with the climactic battle between Hector & Achilles

– The Odyssey: The travels of Odysseus on his way home post-Trojan War

• Homer’s poems used to teach history, literature, honor & courage

Dark Age• 1100-750 BC• no written

records: so unsure of what occurred

• some movement into Asia Minor & Peloponnesus

• simplified writing

City-States• polis: Greek city-states• acropolis: fortified area within polis (the main

gathering place)• agora: open area under the acropolis (the market)• people were extremely loyal to their own polis & thus

distrusted all others• army made up of hoplites: heavily armed infantry (i.e.

foot soldiers)– phalanx: fighting formation, in which soldiers stood shoulder

to shoulder, in a rectangular formation

Government

• Greeks wanted rule of law: all citizens must obey the laws (including king(s), priests, merchants, etc.)

description example

Monarchy rule by one Sumer, Akkad, etc.

Theocracy rule by God Israel

Democracy rule of many

Direct Democracy

all citizens vote on every issue

Athens

Oligarchy rule by the few Sparta

Republic rule by elected officials

Rome

Sparta

Sparta• incredibly militaristic

– men in the army & women supported the army

• men:– lived, ate & practiced together in barracks– very disciplined: no frills & simple food (black broth)

• boys:– military training began at age 7

• women:– took care of home – physically fit with large families– taught honor (shield story)

• government:– oligarchy w/ 2 kings & council of elders

• people were intellectually isolated from world– no travel– no philosophy or art taught– no questioning of Spartan ways

Sparta (ctnd)

– “This Is Sparta” from 300:• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkWS9PiXekE

– “Spartan Phalanx” from 300:• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XR1l01cZQV0

Athens

Athens• the governmental structure continued to evolve:

– monarchy>aristocratic oligarchy>direct democracy

• direct democracy: every male citizen to have a say & then vote on every issue

• 3 types of people: – citizens WITH rights (men)– citizens WITHOUT rights (women & children)– non-citizens (slaves & foreigners)

• emphasized art, philosophy & culture

Greek Religion• considered religion necessary for welfare of state• tried to know will of gods through oracles:

– priests/priestesses in temples, that were setup for the gods– most famous oracle: Delphi (purposefully vague)

• polytheistic: 12 main gods/goddesses– Zeus: chief god -Poseidon: god of seas– Athena: goddess of wisdom -Aphrodite: goddess of love– Apollo: god of sun -Ares: god of war

• tried to gain favor of gods through competitions/festivals (Olympics, etc.)

• after death, people went to dim place ruled by Hades

Greek Religion

Persian Wars (~492-449 BC)• Persians ruled Ionia• 499 BC: Athens helped Ionians revolt• Persians landed at Marathon (26.2 miles from Athens)

for battle• Athenians scored shocking/decisive victory;

Pheidippes ran to Athens to declare victory, dying at journey’s end

• Xerxes marched troops over to Greek mainland• Greeks were far outnumbered• Spartans held pass at Thermopylae, allowing other

Greeks to regroup• Persians were defeated by Athenian navy at the Battle

of Salamis & finally forced out by the Spartan army at the Battle of Plataea. THE GREEKS WON!

Persian Wars

Classwork→Homework

• Chp. 5: Section 1, 2, & 3 Assessments– Section 1: #1-3– Section 2: #1-4– Section 3: #1-3