WarmUp #2

• Analyze the map on pg. 137 on the Persian Wars & answer the two respective questions.

Democracy (U.S.A. vs. Athens): pg.136

United States Ancient Athens Differences

Which groups make up the voters?What are the duties of people involved in government?

Branch of US government/Body of people in Athens

Branch of US government/Body of people in Athens

Branch of US government/ Body of people in Athens

Classical Greece

Athens and the Age of Pericles• time between Persian &

Peloponnesian Wars

• founded Delian League to protect against invasion– Sparta refused to join– became Athenian Empire

• Pericles: dominant force in Athenian politics

• center of philosophy, architecture, learning, art, etc.

• food came from trade– protected by navy

• Golden Age!

Greek Drama• Initial writings: drama• Later writings: comedy

• masks used for emotion – Oedipus Rex trilogy

(Sophocles): tales of a man who becomes king, but with disastrous results

– Medea (Euripides): tales of a woman who swears revenge on her unfaithful husband & his new wife

the Herodes Atticus Theatre in Athens!

History • 1st group of people to try

to analyze past events

• Herodotus: 1st historian– wrote about Persian Wars– but lots of superstition &

subjective bias

• Thucydides: looked at human impact, not just divine reasons– found evidence for his

historical assertions

Art/Architecture• art attempted to express

eternal ideals– balance, proportion,

harmony

• sculpture showed this with perfect human proportions

• architecture: mainly temples– Parthenon built in Athens,

• showed calmness, clarity & freedom from unnecessary details

Greek Philosophy• philosophy: organized system of

thought– “love of wisdom”

• Socrates: education was key to the improvement of the individual

• no writings– his ideas written by students (i.e.

Plato, Aristole)• questioned students to help them

analyze & learn (Socratic method)• “the unexamined life is not worth living”

• got into trouble with Athenian government & was forced to commit suicide by drinking hemlock juice

Plato• student of Socrates• fascinated by question of

reality– ”how do we know what is real?”

• believed that concepts/ideas were true reality

• physical objects just “shadows” of reality (cave illustration)

• the Republic: his text on government, where he believed that philosopher-kings should rule society

Aristotle

• student of Plato• believed we only know true

reality by observation & by study of things

• used logic to classify/understand

• interested in everything!– wrote thoughts on science, art, etc.

• Western scholarship based on his teachings until 1600 AD

• concerned more with the nature of the world

Answers to Logic Q’s

• Valid

• Invalid

• Argument is valid but the conclusion is not true, because the premises are incorrect

Copy the following arguments.Using logic, identify whether the arguments are

valid or invalid.• 1. All men are mortal.

2. Socrates is a man.Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

1. Some plants are poisonous.2. Broccoli is a plant.Therefore, broccoli is poisonous.

1. All doctors are men.2. My mother is a doctor.Therefore, my mother is a man.

The “premise” or phrases within

the argument must be true or else, the conclusion might not work, even if you use the correct deductive reasoning.

Peloponnesian Wars

Peloponnesian Wars 431-404 BC• after the Persian Wars, the 2 main powers in Greece:

– Athens with Delian League – Sparta with Peloponnesian League

• both wanted to be most powerful! – led to conflict in 431 BC

• series of wars fought between:– Spartan army – Athenian navy

• finally Spartans defeated Athenians– ironically with the help of the Persians

• the infighting weakened ALL the Greek city-states: thus, it was very easy for Macedonia to take over!

In-Class Assessment• 1. Which Greek philosopher believed that “the unexamined life is

not worth living” & left behind no writings of his own?

• 2. Which Greek philosopher believed concepts & ideas were the true reality & that people & humans were mere shadows of reality?

• 3. Which Greek philosopher believed true reality could only be uncovered through logic & observation?

• 4.What does it mean that Classical Greek art sculpted using idealistic proportions?

• 5.What famous Athenian temple was built to the goddess Athena, which portrayed the Greek thought on clean & calm lines without too much unnecessary details?

Peloponnesian Wars:Who Are You Supporting?!?

(Pgs.140-141)• In pairs (with a partner):– Pick a side in the Peloponnesian Wars.– Create a propaganda poster advertising YOUR league!

• 1. On one side: draw a large picture (or several small pictures) that showcases your league’s strengths & add a creative slogan!

• 2. On the opposite side: draw a large picture (or several small pictures) that showcases your opponent’s weaknesses & add a creative slogan!