Wars of Successions to War of Independence

Terms

• Absolutism

• Louis XIV (France)

• War of Spanish Succession/ Queen Anne’s War

• War of Austrian Succession/ King George’s War

• Seven Years War/ French and Indian War

• War of American Independence

• Fiscal – Military State

French Political system

• French Parlament

• Estates General

– First Estate: Clergy

– Second Estate: Nobility

– Third Estate: Everyone else

Louis XIV

• B. 1638 – d.1715

• Louis XIII dies 1643, Louis XIV becomes king, age 5

• The Fronde 1648-9, 1650-1653

• Comes of age in 1654

• Cardinal Mazarin dies 1661

Louis XIV reforms

• Reorganizes the function of the aristocracy from warrior nobles to a life centered around the ritual of court

• Building projects including forts in the countryside and additions to Versailles

• Selling of titles to bourgeoisie

• Creating of intendents

• Reform of the tailles (land tax)

• Revoked Edict of Nantes in 1685

Versailles

http://versailles3d.commondatastorage.googleapis.com/maquettes-3d/illustration/fullscreen/1668.jpg

https://lemaisonloup.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/versailles_commune-hall_of_mirrors_palace_of_versailles-palace_of_versailles-image.jpg

http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/00683/palace-versailles-4_683790c.jpg

War of Spanish Succession

• Charles II of Spain (r. 1665-1700)

– Habsburg family (ruling family of Spain and usually the Holy Roman Empire

– Bankrupt and Childless

– Wants to leave the throne to his grand-nephew, Philip Duke of Anjou

– Philip is of the Bourbon family (the ruling family of France) and the grandson of Louis XIV

War of Spanish Succession contd.

• Grand Alliance: – Habsburg family

– Holy Roman Empire

– United Kingdom

– Prussia

– Habsburg supporters in Spain

– Portugal

– Dutch

– Some Italian principalities

• Opponents – France

– Bourbon supporters in Spain

– Bavaria

– Cologne

War of Spanish succession

• War of Spanish Succession 1701-1714 – Fighting in Spain, Italy, Bavaria, Netherlands, and

the seas

• Queen Anne’s War (in America) 1702-1714 – Fighting between English and French over Quebec

and Acadia (Nova Scotia)

• Treaty of Utrecht 1714 – Philip V (Bourbon) becomes king of Spain but is

removed from the line of succession in France

By I, JF Lepage, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2734240

Fiscal-Military State

• British Example

– Creation of the first national banks – the Bank of England

– Creation of funded debt

– Increase military strength

– Change in government structure and/or operation

• Britain’s first Prime Minister – Robert Walpole

War of Austrian Succession Beginnings

• Setting the stage

– Cardinal Fleury – France

– Robert Walpole – United Kingdom

– Frederick William I – Prussia

– Charles VI – Holy Roman Emperor

• Pragmatic Sanction 1713

War of Jenkin’s Ear (1739-1748)

http://s.hswstatic.com/gif/jenkins-ear-1.jpg

War of the Austrian Succession

Habsburgs

• Leading Family of Europe

• Charles VI 1685- 1740

• Maria Theresa 1717-1780

Maria Theresa

War of Austrian Succession

Europe and in America 1740-1747

• 1740 – Prussia led by Frederick II invades Silesia

• 1741 Prussia invades Bohemia

• 1743 begin King George’s War

• 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

By I, JF Lepage, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2734240

Seven Years War/ French and Indian War

Seven Years War

• 1756- 1763

• First Treaty of Versailles 1756

• Maria Theresa and Tsarina Elizabeth II

• 1756 – Invasion of Saxony

• 1757 Second Treaty of Versailles

• 1763 – Treaty of Paris

French and Indian War

• Ohio River Valley

• George Washington as surveyor

• Lord Braddock

• Fort Duquesne

• Fort Louisburg, Quebec

• 1763 – Treaty of Paris

War of American Independence

• 1764 Sugar and Currency Act

• 1765 Stamp Act crisis

• 1770s Intolerable Acts

• 1774 Quebec Act

War of American Independence

• 1764 Sugar and Currency Act

• 1765 Stamp Act crisis

• 1770s Intolerable Acts

• 1770 Boston Massacre

• 1773 Boston Tea Party

• 1774 Quebec Act

• 1775 First Continental Congress

• 1776 Signing of Declaration of Independence

• 1783 Treaty of Paris