‘Water and Energy’Time for solutions: from risk to

resource 30 April 2014

Palestinian Water Authority Coastal Municipalities Water Utility

Presentation Roadmap

1. Situation Overview2. Water & Energy Needs in Gaza3. Fragility of System & Capacity to Respond to Emergencies4. The Cost: Human, Financial, Operational, Environmental5. Bottlenecks & Barriers6. Water Sector Strategy7. Solutions and Priorities

2

6 nau

tical m

iles (

horizon)

Effec

tive si

nce April

2006

ErezCrossing Point

Nahal OzCrossing Point

KarniCrossing Point

RafahCrossing Point

SufaCrossing Point

Kerem ShalomCrossing Point

o 1.8 million inhabitants,half of them children,in 378 km2

o One of the highest population densities in the world (4,726 persons per km2)

o Closure since 2007 = deteriorating humanitarian situation

GAZA

Gaza De-Development

• Movement of people and goods severely restricted• Approx. 95% of groundwater not fit to drink, 90 million litres of sewage discharged

into sea daily• No access to one-third of arable land, and two-thirds of fishing grounds • Import of most construction, raw materials & spare parts restricted

This negatively impacts people’s ability to pay utility bills (average of 39% pay), and the sustainability of water & sanitation services to cover annual operation and maintenance costs of $30 million.

Compounded by energy crisis:• Blackouts• Risk of raw sewage flooding residential areas• Health, water and sanitation services operating on strained back-up generators

4

41.5%

Unemployment

39% Poverty

57%Food

Insecure

80% Aid

Recipients

Water Crisis in Gaza

• Gaza Strip relies on underlying portion of Coastal aquifer as only water source

• Over-extraction results source in intrusion of seawater

• Causes excessive chloride levels so water is too salty to drink

5

Water Supply / Demand Imbalance

Water Resource

Management

Resources =61MCM/y Safe yield abstraction

(55 MCM/y) Desalination (1MCM/y) Imported from Israel (5MCM/y)

Demand = 208 MCM/y• Domestic water (134MCM/y) • Agricultural usage (74MCM/y)

Deficit of 147MCM/y

Water over extraction leads to water quality deterioration

Estimated Energy cost: Now vs. Full Electricity Supply for water & sanitation in Gaza

7

Energy represents the largest controllable cost of providing water or wastewater services to the public

Diesel Fuel Cost Electricity Full Electricity Coverage 0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

6.76

8.18

Full Electricity Coverage $12.27

M

Annual Electricity and Fuel Expenditures -Million US$ (8 hours Daily Cut)

Mill

ion

US$

Total Cost Now: $14.94 M

Energy needs for water and sanitation facilities 2012 to 2020

8

Contingency Planning and Response

9

Fragility of system negatively impacts ability to prepare for and respond to emergencies in terms of:

• Repairs and maintenance• Infrastructure• Staff readiness• Management

Cumulative Humanitarian Impact of Energy Crisis in terms of Water and Sanitation

Reduced water supply to households (summer)15% supplied every day, 25% once every 4 days, 40% once every 3 days, 20% every 2 days; supply cycles last 5-6 hours.

Reduced supply in desalinated water for drinking (summer) 60% drop in volume of water produced by 25 desalination units operated by CMWU, which supply ~160,000 people, forcing them to purchase water from unregulated and biologically questionable vendors.

10

Cumulative Humanitarian Impact of Energy Crisis in terms of Water and Sanitation

Flooding of sewage pumping stations (winter)Failure and increasing inability to operate pumps resulted in flooding from sewage pumping; sewage pumping stations divert sewage to open channels, the sea or storm water lagoons.

Flooding of storm water mixed with sewage (winter)

11

Cumulative Humanitarian Impact of Energy Crisis in terms of Water and Sanitation

Release of 90 million liters of raw and partially treated wastewater into the sea every day (year round)

Recap of Bottlenecks & Barriers

• Lack of adequate water resources• Current supply of energy is insufficient and unsustainable

• Delayed entry of materials and restricted import of most construction raw materials and spare parts of materials

• Restricted movement of persons to enable update of human technical knowledge and skills

• Allocated budgets tend to focus on meeting immediate humanitarian needs at expense of developing sustainable mid-to-longer term solutions

13

Water Sector Strategy & Investment Plan

Comparative Study of Options (CSO), Gaza 2011:

14

Gap in Capital Investment

15

STLV Desla.& Associ. Works

WWTP WW Reuse Total 1

101

201

301

401

501

601

701

801

52

466

226

85

829

285.5

174

7

214.5245.5 245.5

Estimation Pledging Committed

Millions in $

The Cost of Inaction: Gaza in 2020

1. Aquifer is irreversibly damaged 2. No water resource is available 3. Serious public health risks4. No food security (very limited agricultural activities)

16

Gaza Population Livelihood Threatened

Summary of Key Actions for Water & Sanitation

17

STLV Desalination (13 MCM per year)•$52 million total cost; $28M committed. Gap: $24M

Import of Materials and Movement of Persons • Requires advocacy to ease entry restrictions

Import Additional Water from Israel (16 MCM per year)• Pipeline in place; requires advocacy to open valve

Regional Desalination and Associated Work (55 MCM per year)• System configuration and upgrade (requires entry of materials)• $466 million total cost; $245.5M pledged; $5.5M committed.

Gap: $217MWaste Water Treatment integrated into Waste Water Re-use

• $226 million total cost; $174M committed. Gap: $52M•Required to initiate waste water re-use pilot

Operational & Maintenance Costs. $30 million. Gap: $18M

Summary of Key Actions for Energy

18

Build additional electrical infrastructure to import electricity from Israel (100MW).

•Gap: $25million ($11M in Gaza; $14M in Israel)Build additional electrical infrastructure to import electricity from

Egypt (150MW, up to 300MW after 3 years). • Requires advocacy

• Gap: $160million ($60M in Gaza; $100M in Egypt)Increase amount of electricity coming through existing regional

grid from Egypt from 28MW to 48MWUpgrade Gaza Power Plant from diesel (1.7 NIS/KWh) to natural

gas (0.35 NIS/KWh)• Existing plant can run on natural gas but requires new pipeline

• Cost: $32million (can be built in 8 months)

Thank you!

Towards a collective partnership for sustainable WASH services