Water Quality & Pollution Water Quality Parameters Sources of Water Pollution EU Legislation on Water Quality Management Turkish Legislation on Water Quality Management Practices in Turkey Water Quality: The composition of water expressed in terms of both measurable quantities and narrative statements Water Pollution (contamination, nuisance): Faulty condition of surface and ground waters Physical parameters: flow, temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, color, odor etc. Chemical parameters: biodegradable organics, dissolved oxygen and sediment demand (SOD), nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), toxic pollutants, salinity (dissolved solids), pH, suspended solids etc. Biological parameters: macroinvertebrates, coliform bacteria, indicator parameters like chlorophyll a etc. Physical, chemical or biological factors affecting water quality Industrial activities Domestic wastewaters Accidential spills Point SourcesNon-point Sources Agricultural activities Urbanization Objective: Ensuring the protection of water quality and achieving good water status until 2015 in EU member states by adopting an integrated and progressive approach Scope: Surface waters, transitional and coastal waters, groundwaters Annex II: Classification of water bodies, identification of pressures and impacts Annex V: Assessment of water status, quality elements Annex VII: Indicative list of the main pollutants; possible groups of specific pollutants Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) Annex IX & X: Priority substances and environmental quality standards Good status definition: The values of the biological quality elements for the surface water body type show low levels of distortion resulting from human activity, but deviate only slightly from those normally associated with the surface water body type under undisturbed conditions. Detailed definitions are provided for each quality element Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) Objective: Setting forth the priority subtances and corresponding environmental quality standards with the aim of achieving good surface water chemical status in EU member states Scope: Inland surface waters and transitional and coastal waters Annex I: 33 priority substances and 8 other pollutants and corresponding environmental quality standards for water column Environmental Quality Standards Directive (2008/105/EC) Objective: Revising the priority substances list and the environmental quality standards in line with the principles set by Directives 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC Scope: Inland surface waters and transitional and coastal waters Annex II: Maximum and annual average environmental quality standards for 45 priority substances and 8 other pollutants in water column Biota environmental quality standards for 11 priority substances Directive 2013/39/EU amending the Directives 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC as regards priority substances in the field of water policy Objective: Establishment of specific measures as provided in Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC in order to prevent and control groundwater pollution Scope: Groundwaters Annex I: General quality standards for groundwaters (nitrate, pesticides) Annex II: List of possible pollutants and guidelines for determination of threshold values Annex III: Principles of assessment of groundwater chemical status Directve 2006/118/EC on protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration Objective: Determination of the biological, chemical, physicochemical and hydromorphological quality of water bodies, water quality standards and classifications, setting forth the principles of protecting water quality and achieving good water status Scope: Surface waters Annex II: Determination of water quality status Annex IV: Environmental quality standards Annex V: Water quality parameters and intended usage classification for water bodies Annex VI: Trophic state classificaiton By-Law on Surface Water Quality (RG: 28483, ) By-Law on Surface Water Quality (RG: 28483, ) General condition: Temperature Color Conductivity pH Oil and grease Organic pollution parameters: DO BOD COD Nutirents: NH 4 -N NO 3 -N NO 2 -N TKN TP Trace elements and inorganic parameters: Metals Specific pollutants Sulfur and CN Microbiological parameters: Fecal coliforms Total coliforms By-Law on Protection of Groundwater Against Pollution And Deterioration (RG: 28257, ) Objective: Put forth the criteria to maintain the good status of groundwater and ensure the protection against pollution and deterioration Scope: Groundwaters Annex I: Status of groundwaters Annex II: Quality standards for groundwaters Annex III: Guidelines for determination of threshold values Annex VI: Principles of assessment of groundwater chemical status Projects on wastewater control Projects on sensitive areas and environmental objectives Projects on control of cyanobacteria Projects on groundwaters Projects on specific pollutants and environmental quality standards Water quality action plans for hot spots Integrated Management of Olive Oil Facilities Wastes in Susurluk Basin Determination of the location of facilities Characterization of liquid and solid waste Treatment of solid and liquid wastes Calculation of heat and electrical energy produced by gasification of prina wastes Evaporation of black water with heat energy By this project, applicability of zero waste approach was investigated SUSURLUK BASIN The project aimed at investigation of integrated and centralized management of liquid and solid wastes emerged after production of table olive and olive oil in Susurluk Basin. Implementation of Total Maximum Daily Load Approach in Gediz Basin The main objective of the project is to calculate the environmental quality standards-based discharge standards. Within the scope of the project following studies will be conducted; Legal, administrative and technical gap analysis Preparation of pollution reduction scenarios, for all point and diffuse pollutant sources, on the basis of basin, sub-basins and water bodies Derivation of environmental quality standards-based discharge standards and Proposing a methodology that can be applied in other river basins The project will be carried out between the years The project is being carried out with the aim of determining treatment process requirements for reuse of treated domestic wastewater of districts with a population gretater than in Ergene Basin. Within the scope of the project, Irrigational water quality requirements and treatment requirements regarding wastewater was revealed for current crop pattern. Alternative methods such as direct irrigation with treated wastewater reuse and most suitable storage field etc. was evaluated. Investigation of Feasibility of Using Treated Wastewater for Irrigation Purposes in Ergene Basin Within the scope of the project, in pilot areas in which Cyanobacterial reproduction occurs, alarm levels and limits of Cyanobacteria for the development of intervention and control methods, methods including steps to struggle Cyanobacteria to be implemented in these areas and measures to be taken to prevent reproduction of Cyanobacteria will be determined Standard and guidance values for cyanobacteria will be developed for these areas. The overall objective of the project is to protect human and environmental health from the toxic effects of Cyanobacteria. Project on Determination of Alarm Levels and Limits Of Cyanobacteria Project on Determination of Environmental Quality Objectives: Byk Menderes River Basin Pilot Study The main objectives of the project are; to monitor chemical, biological and hydro- morphological condition of water bodies in Byk Menderes Basin, to determine ecological and chemical classifications, to define the environmental objectives, discharge criteria, program of measures in order to protect the basin and to improve the water status. Specific objective of the project is to develop methodologies to apply for other basins in Turkey. Determination of Sensitive Areas and Water Quality Objectives on Watershed Basis in Turkey Sensitive water areas, nitrate vulnerable water areas, and nitrate vulnerable zones in the surface waters, water quality objectives and measures to be taken to improve the water quality will be determined for 25 river basins in Turkey. 1.Capacity Building Support to Turkey on Groundwater Management project was proposed to ESEI-2012 Program and will be initiated by the end of Implementations Related to Determination and Assessment of the Quantity and Quality Characteristics of Groundwater: Gediz River Basin Case Study was proposed to Ministry of Development of Turkey and now the project is in the tendering phase. The projects aim to carry out the works that stated in the By-Law. For the purpose of improving the water quality, receiving body standards (Environmental Quality Standards) have been determined for the specific pollutants identified. Project on the Determinaton of the Water Pollution Caused by Use of Pesticides and Identification of Environmental Quality Standards for These Substances The Project on the Control of Pollution Caused by Dangerous Substances Project on the Determination of Hazardous Substances in Coastal and Transitional Waters and Ecological Coastal Dynamics Poin source pollution in inland surface waters Non-point source pollution in surface waters Point source pollution in transitional and coastal waters Analysis of hazardous substances has been conducted in the samples taken from the aquatic environment. Priority Substances Substances that pose risks to aquatic ecosystems Determined by EU Directives Regarding environmental quality standards (EQS) must be attained with in scope of the target of achieving good chemical status Discharges, emissions and loses must be reduced progressively. Priority Hazardous Substances Sub list of priority subtances Having PBT properties Emissions, discharges and losses must be ceased or phased out Time Discharge Priority Hazardous Substances Pollution Priority Substances Time EQS Specific pollutans Substances used in significant amounts or posing high risk to aquatic life in national basis Determined at national or river basin based by member states Standards and measures are determined at national or river basin based EQS must be attained with in scope of the target of achieving good ecological status Environmental quality standards (EQS); Not a discharge standard Represent the concentration level that must not be exceed in receiving water body Derived for priority substances and specific pollutants For control and prevention of acute effects: Maximum allowable EQS For control and prevention of chronic effects Annual average EQS The Project on the Control of Pollution Caused by Dangerous Substances in Inland Waters Risk assessment of the chemicals selected by a comprehensive literature survey and inventory studies covering the industrial facilities in Turkey and determination of the specific pollutants Monitoring studies aimed at detecting the levels of specific pollutants in inland receiving water bodies and domestic and industrial discharges, Derivation of environmental quality standards for specific pollutants for water column, sediments and biota, Development of a web based GIS application in order to store and present the data obtained in the project; currently available at: Project on the Determination of Hazardous Substances in Coastal and Transitional Waters and Ecological Coastal Dynamics Risk assessment of the chemicals selected by a comprehensive literature survey and inventory studies covering the industrial facilities in Turkey and determination of the specific pollutants Monitoring studies aimed at detecting the levels of specific pollutants in transitional and coastal water bodies and domestic and industrial discharges, Derivation of environmental quality standards for specific pollutants for water column, sediments and biota Project on the Determinaton of the Water Pollution Caused by Use of Pesticides and Identification of Environmental Quality Standards Risk assessment of the chemicals selected by a comprehensive literature and legislation survey and inventory studies covering the pesticides manufacturers, users and sellers in Turkey and determination of the non- point sourced specific pollutants Monitoring studies aimed at detecting the levels of specific pollutants in all surface water resources Derivation of environmental quality standards for specific pollutants for water column, sediments and biota Ecotoxicological Data Requirements for Hazardous Substances Target of the project is, Identification of lack of ecotoxicological (NOEC, PNEC, EC50, LC50, IC50, etc.) and physico-chemical (Kow, BCF, Henry constant, water solubility, etc.) data for hazardous chemicals, posing risk to our water resources and the aquatic environment, Investigation of the behavior of pollutants in the aquatic environment, Evaluation of sediment accumulation features and Investigation of possible effects on human health and the aquatic organisms The project will be carried out between the years Constitution of universe of chemical Literature/legislation survey, inventory Data collection and assessment Final risk assessment Chemicals data bases, EPISUIT, ECHA, ECOTOX vs. TTD, TED, COMMPS Specific Pollutants List Identification of specific pollutants Derivation of Environmental Quality Standards Assessment Factor Methodology (AF-Method) SSD Method (Species Sensitivity Distribution) or Limited number of toxicity data for limited number of species Sufficient toxicity data Chronic toxicity data 10 Acute toxicity data 12 SSD Aimed at: Controling and preventing the water quality problems observed in hot spots Akkaya Dam Lake Basin Action Plan Mamasn Dam Lake Basin Action Plan Uluabat Lake Sub-basin Action Plan Mogan - Eymir Lake Basin Action Plan Nilfer Creek Sub-basin Water Quality Action Plan Nizip Creek Action Plan Boazky Dam Sub-basin Water Quality Action Plan Follow-up and Remediation Of Water Quality in the Melen Creek Sub- basin Burdur Lake Basin Action Plan Examples of measures taken; Construction of sewage system and ensuring advanced wastewater treatment Ensuring color and salinity removal in industrial wastewaters Ensuring conductivity removal in negl Organized Industrial District Implementing cleaner production technologies in textile industry Planning of the industrial development in the region with regard to the environmental protection Collecting drainage waters in landfill areas Limitation in industrial discharge standards Thank you