water resources management in irrigation engineering options and new technologies - n.lamaddalena

8/12/2019 Water Resources Management in Irrigation Engineering Options and New Technologies - N.lamaddalena

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Water Resources Management in Irrigation:

CLUSTER Training WorkshopCLUSTER Training Workshop -- Bari, 23Bari, 23 OctoberOctober 20122012

Engineering options and new technologies

Nicola LAMADDALENANicola LAMADDALENA


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SARAGOZA MONTPELLIER MAI-BARI CHANIA

CIHEAM - PARIS

International Center for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies


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450

500

550

ts(Millions)

POPULATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES

300

350

400

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Years

Inhabita

SOURCE:

PLAN BLUE, 2005


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POPULATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES

300

400

500

600

n(million)

SOUTH-EST

TOTAL

SOURCE:

PLAN BLUE, 2005

0

100

200

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

An

Populati

NORTH


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DISTRIBUTION OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIESDISTRIBUTION OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES

66%

24%

10%


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Settore

industriale10%

Settoreenergetico 12%

Settore

domestico 13%

WATER DEMAND PER SECTOR IN THEMEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES (YEAR 2000)

INDUSTRY10%

INDUSTRY10%

ENERGY12%

ENERGY12% DOMESTIC

13%

DOMESTIC

13%

Settore

agricolo 65%

SOURCE:

PLAN BLEU, 2005ELABORATION:

AGRICULTURE65%

AGRICULTURE65%


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Settore

industriale 10%

Settore

energetico 0%

Settore

domestico 8%

Industry

10%

Industry

10%

Energy

0%

Energy

0%

Domestic

8%

Domestic

8%

WATER DEMAND PER SECTOR IN SOUTHERNMEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES (YEAR 2000)

SOURCE:

PLAN BLEU, 2005

Settore agricolo82%

Agriculture82%

Agriculture82%

ELABORATION:


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PROBLEM OF WATER RESOURCESPROBLEM OF WATER RESOURCESPROBLEM OF WATER RESOURCESPROBLEM OF WATER RESOURCES

IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASININ THE MEDITERRANEAN BASININ THE MEDITERRANEAN BASININ THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN

PROBLEM OF WATER RESOURCESPROBLEM OF WATER RESOURCESPROBLEM OF WATER RESOURCESPROBLEM OF WATER RESOURCES

IN THE MEDITERRANEAN BASININ THE MEDITERRANEAN BASININ THE MEDITERRANEAN BASININ THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN

WATER SUPPLYWATER SUPPLYWATER SUPPLYWATER SUPPLYWATER DEMANDWATER DEMANDWATER DEMANDWATER DEMAND

IncreasingIncreasingIncreasingIncreasingIncreasingIncreasingIncreasingIncreasing Fix and LimitedFix and LimitedFix and LimitedFix and LimitedFix and LimitedFix and LimitedFix and LimitedFix and Limited


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PAST STRATEGY

In the last 40 years the policyIn the last 40 years the policy

choices privileged the bigchoices privileged the bighydraulic infrastructures inhydraulic infrastructures in

rr ga on g v ng pr or es o err ga on g v ng pr or es o equantitative aspect rather than thequantitative aspect rather than the

qualitative (Supply Management).qualitative (Supply Management).


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ADIYAMAN-KAHTAPROJECT

DCLE

KRALKIZI

KEBAN

KARAKAYAGARZAN

BATMAN

KAYSER

SLVAN

GARZAN IRRIGATION

MALATYA

Turkey (projet GAP):

Water Distribution plan downstream the Ataturk Dam

DYARBAKIR

MARDN

MARDN-CEYLANPINARPLAIN

SVEREK-HLVANIRRIGATION PROJECT

KRALKIZI-DCLEIRRIGATION

YAYLAK PLAINIRRIGATION

BOZOVA PUMPING

IRRIGATION

SLOPPLAINIRRIGATION

ADIYAMAN-GKSU-

ARABAN PROJECT

ANLIURFA-HARRAN PLAIN IRRIGATION

SURU PLAINIRRIGATION

CZRE-DL-NUSAYBINPLAINS IRRIGATION

ATATRK

BRECK

KARKAMI

ILISU

CZRE

BATMANIRRIGATION

ANLIURFA

GAZANTEPPROJECT

IN OPERATION

UNDER CONSTRUCTION

INVESTMENT PROGRAM

PLANNING AND FINAL DESIGN

IN OPERATION

UNDER CONSTRUCTION

REST

SRT

IRNAK

ADIYAMAN

DEVEGED

INAR-GKSU

DERK

HANCAIZ

KAYACIK

AMGAZ

HACIHIDIR


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Kabur river - 1975


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Kabur river - 2006


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Kebrit spring - 1999


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Kebrit Spring - 2005


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Non-Conventional Water

Resources in Jordan (2007)

EffluentEffluent fromfrom 2222 wastewaterwastewater treatmenttreatment

DesalinatedDesalinated waterwater forfor drinkingdrinking

purposespurposes == 4040 MCMMCM


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The Dead Sea . . . in time2000200019601960 20502050

From: Shatanawui, 2009


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Project SchemeProject Scheme



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PRESENT STRATEGYES

The current policy choices highlightedThe current policy choices highlighted

the importance of Operation,the importance of Operation,

Maintenance and ManagementMaintenance and Managementactivitiesactivities (DEMAND MANAGEMENT)(DEMAND MANAGEMENT)

Technical approachesTechnical approaches ((improving WUEimproving WUEat the whole chain of the system, ..at the whole chain of the system, ..))

nonnon--technical approachestechnical approaches (PIM, Tariff(PIM, Tariff

rules, training,.)rules, training,.)


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TECHNICALTECHNICALTECHNICALTECHNICAL


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WATER LOSSES IN IRRIGATION IN THEMEDITERRANEAN BASIN (%)WATER LOSSES IN IRRIGATION IN THEMEDITERRANEAN BASIN (%)

LOSSES IN THE ONLOSSES IN THE ONLOSSES IN THE ONLOSSES IN THE ON----

FARM SYSTEMFARM SYSTEMFARM SYSTEMFARM SYSTEM

LOSSES IN THELOSSES IN THELOSSES IN THELOSSES IN THE

DISTRIBUTION andDISTRIBUTION andDISTRIBUTION andDISTRIBUTION and

CONVEYANCE SYSTEMCONVEYANCE SYSTEMCONVEYANCE SYSTEMCONVEYANCE SYSTEMWATER USED BYWATER USED BYWATER USED BYWATER USED BY

THE CROPSTHE CROPSTHE CROPSTHE CROPS

Fonte:FAO, 1994

SOURCE:

ELABORATION:

APPLICATION LOSSESAPPLICATION LOSSESAPPLICATION LOSSESAPPLICATION LOSSESAT FARM LEVELAT FARM LEVELAT FARM LEVELAT FARM LEVEL


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inreservoir

zoneroot

field

zoneroot

gatefarm

field

outreservoir

gatefarm

inreservoir

outreservoir

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W

W=

Storage Conveyance Farm Application Overall

Water from Reservoir to Root Zone Chain of Efficiency Steps:(From T. HSIAO, 2006)

x =x x

Sample calculation:

0.90 0.85 0.72 0.75 0.413!

Although the efficiency of each step is at least reasonable good, the overallefficiency is low

The efficiency effects are multiplicative, not just additive

It follows that minor improvements in several efficiency steps would raise overallefficiency substantially

x =x x

Sample calculation for small improvement in each step:

0.92 0.885 0.86 0.87 0.610!

Muchimprovement


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Reservoir

Distribution Network

E= Wout/Win

R

DP

ROOn-FarmNetwork

Crops

Soil

ETc


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DELIVERY SCHEDULEDELIVERY SCHEDULEDELIVERY SCHEDULEDELIVERY SCHEDULE

11-- RotationRotation22 -- OnOn--demanddemand11-- RotationRotation22 -- OnOn--demanddemand

-- ArrangedArranged demanddemand-- ArrangedArranged demanddemand


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On-demand (citrus)

100

120

140

160

WS

FC

0

20

40

60

80

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360

Day

FC

,OYT

,OYT

SWS

376 mm

i i


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60

80

100

120

YT,S

WS

FC

OYT

496 mm

Rotation operation (grapes)

0

20

40

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

Day

FC,


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DESIGNDESIGN && ANALYSISANALYSISDESIGNDESIGN && ANALYSISANALYSIS


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C =R!

K!(R - K)!R

K Q= 50 l/s

R=20; K=5;

C=15504

10 l/s

SIMULATION


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RELATIVE PRESSURE DEFICITRELATIVE PRESSURE DEFICIT

Hj,r=Hj,r=Hj,r- HminHj,r- Hmin

HminHmin

j = number of the hydrantj = number of the hydrant

r = number of the configurationr = number of the configuration

Hmin

= Pressure head required at the hydrant for an appropriate

on-farm irrigation

Hmin

= Pressure head required at the hydrant for an appropriate

on-farm irrigation

H0H0 O.kO.k

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water resources management in irrigation engineering options and new technologies - n.lamaddalena

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