waves a method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. disturbances that...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
WAVES
A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles.
Disturbances that travel through a medium or space
Animations courtesy of Dr. Dan Russell, Kettering University
![Page 2: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Energy is transferred without the physical net transfer of matter.
There are two types of waves:
1) Mechanical Wave-- requires a material medium to travel through
SOUND
![Page 3: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
2) Electromagnetic Waves-- May travel through space (a vacuum) light, X-Rays, gamma rays
Mechanical waves are categorized by how they travel through the medium:
Transverse Waves the displacement of the particles of the medium is perpendicular to the propagation of the wave.
?
![Page 4: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Breakers are waves that have “fallen over” because the medium is too shallow!
![Page 5: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Water waves (not breakers) are examples of transverse mechanical waves.
Longitudinal Waves displacement of the particles of the medium is parallel to the propagation of the wave.
Ex: Sound wave
![Page 6: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Longitudinal Wave Characteristics
Compression Rarefaction
Wavelength () the distance from one point in phase to the next point in phase. The length of one complete cycle.
2 Reubens tube demo
![Page 7: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Transverse Wave Characteristics
Crest
Trough
amplitude
![Page 8: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Period (T)the time it takes to complete a single cycle- the time for one single wavelength.
frequency (f) the number of cycles per second
• measured in Hertz (Hz): cycles per second or waves per second
f = 1/T T = 1/f
Wave speed (v) how fast the wave travels
v = f units:
Hz(m) = m/s
![Page 9: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
A tuning fork that is marked 262 Hz is struck and produces wavelengths that are measured in a lab to be 1.28 m. What is the speed of sound in this lab?
f = 262 Hz
= 1.28 m v = ?
v = f
= (262 Hz)(1.28 m)
= 335 m/s
What would the wavelength of a 128 Hz tuning fork be in the same lab?
= v/f= (335 m/s)
128 Hz= 2.62 m
![Page 10: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Two fishing boats are positioned so that one is atop a crest while the other is at the bottom of an adjacent trough. The boats oscillate and pass each other 22 times in a minute. The boats are exactly 6.00 m apart when they pass each other. What is the speed of the waves that are oscillating the boats?f = 11waves
60 s
f = .183 Hz
= 2(6.00 m) = 12.0 m
v = f
= (.183 Hz)(12.0 m)
= 2.20 m/s
![Page 11: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Wave Interactions
Light travels in a straight line, very un-wave like:
Move one of the boards and…
![Page 12: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Reflection
Bouncing of a wave off of a boundary:
Hard Boundary
Soft Boundary
![Page 13: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Refraction: Bending of waves as they change speed passing from one medium to another:
![Page 14: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Diffraction: Waves spread through an opening--
![Page 15: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Interference: When waves interact in such a way as to reinforce/cancel each others’ effects:
![Page 16: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Superposition: the effects of waves on the medium they travel through:
Superposition Examples
Impedance: the resistance of the medium to passing the wave energy:
Impedance Examples
Damping: Loss of wave energy traveling through a medium
![Page 17: WAVES A method of energy transfer without the mass movement of particles. Disturbances that travel through a medium or space Animations courtesy](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062500/5697bf8a1a28abf838c8aa73/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Wave Interactions
Rectilinear Propagation
Reflection
Diffraction
Refraction
Interference
Impedance
Damping
loss of energy
bouncing
spreading
bending
straight line
effects of waves
wave “friction”
Superposition waves affect medium