stursulasacademy.primary.e-act.org.uk · web view2020. 9. 4. · these rises are much more of a...
TRANSCRIPT
Year group: 5 Term: 2
Topic Title:
Will the UK ever disappear into the sea?
Cohesion- Text links Floodland- Marcus Sedgwick (about rising sea levels)
Town is by the Sea- Joanne Schwartz and Sydney SmithThe Secret of Spiggy Holes- Enid Blyton
National Curriculum links
- Water and its effects on landscapes and people, including the physical features of rivers or coasts and the processes of erosion and deposition that affect them
- Name and locate counties and cities of the United Kingdom, geographical regions and their identifying human and physical characteristics, key topographical features (including hills, mountains, coasts and rivers), and land-use patterns; and understand how some of these aspects have changed over time
- use maps, atlases, globes and digital/computer mapping to locate countries and describe features studiedKey Questions Core knowledge Assessment What is a coastline?
What are the features you would see along the coastline?
How have coasts changed over time?
How has the use of coasts changed?
How do humans impact on the coast?
How do natural features affect the coast?
What is erosion?
What is weathering?
Geography vocab: abrasionarchbackwashbaybeachcavecliffcoastlinecorrosioncurrentgroyneheadlandlandformslandslidelongshore driftsea defencessea wallstackstumpundercuttingwaves
Computing vocab
Music vocab MFL vocab Key people/ figures/ places/ policies Avonmouth
Clevedon
Greta Thunberg
Holderness
The Surfrider Foundation
Geography Knowledge Computing Knowledge Music MFLCore, powerful, substantive, disciplinary Prior Domain Knowledge Coasts are where the land and sea meet.On some coasts the cliffs are worn away by erosion because of the waves.
Groynes are used to stop sand being swept away from a beach.A bay is formed when the rock along part of the coast erodes quicker than the headlands as they have harder rock.When the sea erodes the cliffs, large rocks fall away and into the sea. These rocks are tossed about by the action of the sea and they are eroded into smaller and smaller pebbles. The pebbles are eventually ground down into the tiny gains of sand that form a beach. Powerful substantive Science tells us that there is a 3mm rise in sea levels every year. When added to the effects of thermal expansion, ice melt, and storm surges, the worst case scenario is that the British Isles could actually face an increase of over a meter by the end of the century.These rises are much more of a threat to low-lying countries, from Holland to the Maldives, and many islands in the Pacific may become uninhabitable. Big delta areas, like the Ganges delta in Bangladesh, could be hit where progressively rising land levels due to silt and accumulations of river deposits make the already low-lying land especially vulnerable to meter-high sea level increases.The whole land mass is slowly tilting with much of southern Britain sinking as northern Britain rises. The southeast coast of England experiences relatively large changes due to winds and storms and could in future be most at risk from sea level rises and surges.
Composites and components
What is a coast?- A coast is where the land meets the sea.- Waves- The coastline changes all the time because every few seconds of every day waves hit the land and either wear it away or build it up. When a wave hits the coastline, a huge weight of water topples forward with a tremendous pounding force that shatters solid rock. This wearing away or erosion causes rock to fall off forming coastal features. These pieces of rock are tossed around by the waves and broken down into rounded stones then tiny pieces of sand. These pieces are swept along the coast to more sheltered coastlines where the waves are calmer. The slower moving water drops or deposits, the stones and sand, which settle shingle banks, sandy beaches and mudflats.A big wave can hit rocks with a pressure of 500kg per
square cm which is like a car-sized hammer hitting your finger. - Features of coastlines:- Bay and Headland- If a coastline is made of sections of harder and softer rock, these will erode at different speeds when attacked by waves. The softer rock will erode more quickly and bays will form. The harder rock erodes more slowly and forms headlands surrounding the bays.Bars, lagoons and spits- Bars lagoons and spits are different types of coastal features. These form when waves shift sand and pebbles along beaches. This process is called longshore drift. The beaches get longer and some extend completely across the mouth of a river or a bay. These are called bars. They form sandy banks with the sea on one side and lagoons on the other side. Lagoons are areas of shallow sea that have been separated from the main sea. Other long beaches continue out into the sea as marrow strips of land. These are known as spits.- Beach- When the sea erodes the cliffs, large rocks fall away and into the sea. These rocks are tossed about by the action of the sea and they are eroded into smaller and smaller pebbles. The pebbles are eventually ground down into the tiny gains of sand that form a beach.The longest beach in the UK is Chesil Beach. It is an 18 mile long shingle spit on England’s south coast.- Cliffs, caves, arches and stacks- Rocks along the coast get constantly battered by powerful waves. Where the coastline juts into the sea at headlands, the rock is battered by waves from both sides. The breaking waves erode or wear away the rock at sea level bit by bit forming sea caves and arches. Softer rock falls away more quickly than harder rock. When the rock above is left with no support it collapses under its own weight forming cliffs and stacks.Repeated pounding by 10m high storm waves can remove one whole metre of cliff in one night.Due for completion in 2021- The England Coast Path will be 2800 miles long making it the world’s longest coastal walking route.
How have our coasts changed over time?- There are three types of weathering:
Physical weathering- rainwater collects in a crack in the rock. It freezes and forces the crack to widen.Chemical weathering- acidic rainwater falls onto rocks such as limestone and over time it will dissolve some of the rock.Biological weathering- roots from the trees and other
plants may grow into or under rocks with such force that they can cause damage or splitting.
- Sea levels are rising today not only because significant parts of the land-based ice is melting, but also because ocean waters are warming and therefore expanding.
- Coastal land use:- Forestry will be more important in a glaciated area
such as the Lake District, than in a coastal area like the Dorset coast.
- Three land uses which are important on the Dorset coast are recreation, tourism, farming and industry. The most important being tourism.
- Farming- A warm, sunny climate with fertile soils on the flat
land behind the coast allows arable and pastoral farming to take place.
-- Oyster, mussel farming and fishing takes place at
Poole Harbour.-- Industry- There are different types of industries located along
the Dorset coast:-- Oil - Britain’s sixth largest oil field is located at Poole
Harbour.- Quarrying – high quality limestone is quarried on the
Isle of Portland.- Sheltered harbours, eg Portland Harbour, which
provide direct access to the English Channel – a major shipping route for imports and exports to and from Europe.
- The Bournemouth Conference Centre is a service industry that helps to provide year-round jobs.
- Recreation and tourism- The Dorset coast has many resorts, eg Swanage,
providing tourist services including hotels, souvenir shops and restaurants.
- There are beautiful beaches such as Chesil Beach for sunbathing and beach sports.
- The Dorset coast provides opportunities for different water sports. These include swimming, water skiing, windsurfing and yachting.
- There are a number of historic attractions which bring visitors to the area. These include Corfe Castle, Thomas Hardy's cottage and a number of historic
ruins. Activities also include fossil hunting and the unusual geology of the area encourages educational groups to study a variety of rock types.
- The area along the Dorset coast has many coastal footpaths where walkers can enjoy the stunning and varied coastal scenery. People come to see and photograph landscape features such as Durdle Door.
- The coastline also has diverse wildlife, because of the variety of habitats that are formed there such as sand dunes, lagoons, salt flats and calm bays.
- South beaches are tourist beaches:- The Jurassic Coast is England’s only natural World
Heritage Site and features rocks and fossils dating back 185 million years, but this unspoilt coastline also offers unmissable natural features such as Chesil Beach. You’ll find a rich variety of food, pretty coastal towns, castles and scenic coastal paths.
- As well as a rich variety of natural features, this coastline is dotted with quaint towns like Swanage, Lyme Regis, Sidmouth and at the far end of the World Heritage Site, the coastal resort of Exmouth.
- Walk the spectacular South West Coastal Path which hugs the coastline, perfect for walkers of all levels of fitness. Discover stunning views only visible on foot and take a break at one of the many walker-friendly tourism businesses, giving you the chance to taste the excellent local food and drink.
- In Cornwall and Devon surf-ready beaches pull in water sports enthusiasts but are equally suited to water sports novices. Visitors can try one of a number of water-based activities from paddle boarding, to coasteering, kite surfing, diving or sailing.
- Bristol Harbour had always been a major centre of trade within the wider UK economy, due to its strategic location to the west of the country, allowing access to both the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean. Coastal trade was also important, with the area called "Welsh Back" concentrating on trows with cargoes from the Slate industry in Wales, stone, timber and coal.
- Links to Y2 Docks
What areas have been affected by erosion? - case study Holderness GIS maps- Extreme low pressure over an area can cause sea level to rise locally, which can lead to coastal flooding in low-lying
areas, and overtopping of sea defences.- Coastal erosion occurs when the sea wears away the land. A great deal of coastal erosion has taken place in the Holderness area on the east coast of England. Erosion is so dramatic here because the cliffs along the coast are made from soft till, which is soft and crumbly rock. Heavy rains and storm surges make the erosion occur more rapidly.- At Aldbrough, on the Holderness coast in North Yorkshire, the cliffs are made of soft till, a mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, cobbles and boulders deposited by a glacier.- These cliffs are being actively eroded by wave attack at the base. Erosion rates are estimated to be around 1.5 metres per year.- Wave erosion at the base removes the support for the upper section of the cliff. This causes the cliff to become unstable and fail, most commonly as a rotational landslide.- The case of the Benacre estate on the Suffolk coast illustrates the problems with our current coastal resilience model, its economic, social, and environmental failings. The privately owned estate loses several acres of land to fooding and coastal erosion each year. Currently, public money is being used to fund hard defences to protect a pumping station, which is keeping the land artificially dry. But whilst this private land is being protected, this solution forces the sea to wash north and south, causing problems elsewhere on the coastline. Furthermore, this is not a sustainable or cost-effective solution – the last defence built in 2011 was meant to be long-term, yet it came down less than two years later during the 2013 tidal surge that hit the east coast of England. Are humans the only reason for UK coasts changing? - The UK coastline has been changing through natural events like coastal erosion for thousands of years. It is what has shaped dramatic sea views and wildlife-rich habitats upon which most of our coastal economy depends.- The impact of sea and weather forces on our coastline, since at least the Industrial Revolution, has been compounded by the role of human development on the coast. The growth of coastal towns and cities – including their industry, tourism and agriculture – adds great pressures to the coastal environment. As we’ve invested in local infrastructure and buildings, we’ve needed to protect these assets from the natural changes brought by the sea, building ‘hard defences’ like seawalls and groynes. Over the years these hard defences have led to the decline of coastal habitats, leaving our coast more fragile and exposed. And
climate change has brought a new pace to coastal change.- Waves are the main cause of coastal erosion. Other natural causes are weather, climate change, pollution and sea levels. - The sea level will rise globally as a consequence of global warming, but regional differences are considerable. This holds in particular for relative sea-level rise, i.e. the change of sea level with respect to the local land level. Some coasts experience uplift (especially in previously glaciated regions) while others are subject to subsidence. Uplift can always be considered "natural", whereas subsidence often has an important human-induced component (groundwater, oil, gas extraction).- Sand mining decreases the protection on beaches.- Human interfering to protect certain coastal villages leads to the destruction of others.- Urbanisation.-Ports, jetties and groynes block longshore drift.- Collections of sand leave further coastline unprotected.- Sea defences in some areas lead to intensified erosion further down the coastline.
Is the UK coast disappearing? - Climate change forecasts predict an increase in global
temperatures; over the past 25 years an increase of 0.2°C per decade has been observed. This is likely to cause global sea levels to rise yet further — they are currently rising around 3 mm per year — and an increase in the frequency and magnitude of storm events. When these two factors are combined it will have the effect of focusing wave energy closer to the shore and cliff faces, leading to increased rates of coastal erosion in areas where cliffs are composed of soft rocks.
- The UK has many eroding coastlines, the total length of which has recently been estimated to be over 3000 km. The UK vulnerability is indicated by the fact that it has around 2300 km of artificially protected coast, the longest in Europe. Annual damages due to coastal erosion are expected to increase by 3-9 times, costing up to £126 million per year by the 2080s. Some 28% of the coast in England and Wales experiences erosion at rates higher than 0.1 m/year. In Scotland erosion is less severe than elsewhere due to isostatic uplift and its extensive areas of hard geology.
- In the UK, Shoreline Management Plans, first introduced in England and Wales in 1993, serve to
provide a strategic framework for decision making along the coast, especially with respect to defence, taking account of the natural coastal processes, human and other environmental influences and needs. Today the whole length of the English and Welch coast is covered by such plans.
- "Managed re-alignment" is a possible response to the potential loss of coastal mudflats and salt marshes, resulting in the creation of new habitat by allowing inundation of low-lying coastal land, sometimes requiring the breaching of sea defences to allow inland movement of water. Experience in several parts of the UK suggests that inundated areas of coastal grassland are colonised rapidly by salt marsh. In Scotland, where coastal landowners are responsible for the upkeep of sea defences, this may be a cheaper option than upgrading them to cope with rising sea level, as well as ensuring the continued availability of wildlife habitat. Agri-environment payments are available to farmers to encourage the conversion of agricultural land to salt marsh.
Links: Compare Y1 seasons and the impact on human and physical features, Y2 Blue planet/green globe.
Wow DayCoastal Crumble https://www.earthscienceeducation.com/taster/Coastal%20Crumble%20-%20How%20the%20Earth%20Works.pdf
Trips and Visits Visit Avonmouth/Weston-Super-MareCoastal conservation workshop
Where can this take youEnvironmentalist ConservationistMarine biologistTourism EcologyCoastal managementCoastal engineering
Bristol LinksOn Bristol's doorstep is Coastal North Somerset, an area with miles of spectacular coastline. Weston-super-Mare,
Hinterland (practical activities)
Useful web links: https://www.geographyinthenews.org.uk/issues/issue-27/coastal-processes/ks2/https://superbrainybeans.com/geography/coasts/https://www.3dgeography.co.uk/coast-wordshttps://www.climatechangepost.com/united-kingdom/coastal-erosion/ - impact of climate changehttps://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/clips/z8tyr82 - great videos
ScaffoldingSentence starters EvidenceThe evidence provided from (sources) suggests It is evident from the source that Source A suggests The evidence in (source) enables us to understand
Clevedon and Portishead are the three main towns along the coastline.The Avonmouth Docks are part of the Port of Bristol, in England. They are situated on the northern side of the mouth of the River Avon. Coastal trade was also important, with the area called "Welsh Back" concentrating on trows with cargoes from the Slate industry in Wales, stone, timber and coal.
MisconceptionsBeach erosion is a problem and must be prevented- Erosion is an integral part of natural coastal processes which have formed beaches and which maintain them in a condition we can all enjoy. Beaches are composed of individual grains of sand which move easily with the forces of the waves, currents and the wind. These forces are constantly changing. Nature has established a balance in which beaches preserve themselves but are never static.Sea walls built along the foreshore prevent beach erosion- A natural beach may move landward or lakeward under the influence of wave action and lake currents. This movement is the result of sand being moved from the beach to offshore areas during periods of heavy wave action and subsequently being returned in calm periods. A sea wall built along a beach isolates the sand behind the wall from the active beach system. This sand is excluded from the normal onshore and offshore movement characteristic of natural beach behaviour. As a result, the beach lakeward of the wall can become unusable for substantial periods after heavy wave action.Recreational use and development of the sand dunes pose no threat to the beach- The frontal dunes and the upper part of the beach represent a vital reserve of sand. They provide a ready sand supply to the beach during erosion phases when sand is being moved off the beach by wave action. Consequently, any structures or recreational areas likely to require protection from erosion should be kept as far landward as possible.
ExplainThe most likely cause for these changes was This means that It could be argued that The factors that contributed to the situation were
LinkThere is no doubt that Thus we can conclude that We can therefore see It is clear that PP Deploy intervention appropriately to ensure domain knowledge is understood e.g. pre-teach, KO sent out on Seesaw with teacher video discussing and explaining key vocabulary and domain knowledge.Consolidation teach after half term to consolidate KO knowledgeFast 5 at the start of each lesson to allow knowledge to be remembered before moving on. Liaise with parents by sending out key dates for visitors, trips and when work is due in.
EAL Key vocabulary from vocab above to be put on a word map with associated images.Key vocabulary to have child’s home language where relevant.Any relevant links to their countries can be made (discuss and compare coast lines etc.).Pre-teach session to go through key vocabulary.
Extension for experts How can we manage coastal erosion?How many different types of landform are there? What are they? Where are they?Why are waves so important?
Dual coding No text heavy slides – ensure that imagery and modelling opportunities are copious in slides. Check that slides have diagrams with labels in relevant places. Talk through what is on the slide so children don’t have different channels in use.
www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/coastal-erosion-photos-images-britain-coastline-climate-change-a8840651.html
https://www.climatechangepost.com/united-kingdom/coastal-erosion/
Year group: 5 Term: 4
Topic Title:
Is water the most powerful force on the planet?
Cohesion- Text links Shine- Kate Maryon
National Curriculum links
- Develop a chronologically secure knowledge of British, local and world history.
Key Questions Core knowledge Assessment What is crime and punishment?
Geography vocab: capital punishment
DT vocab
Music vocab MFL vocab Key people/ figures/ places/ policies Queen Anne
Geography Knowledge DT Knowledge Music MFLCore, powerful, substantive, disciplinary Prior Domain Knowledge 1215 – trial by fire or water Powerful substantive Exe
Composites and components
Understand rivers were/are a main means of transport, hence why so many towns are on a river – Liverpool, York, London. Also, link to idea of settlements and defence. Compared Rivers Avon and Severn. To Danube, Volga, Loire, rhine and Elbe Understand use of Avonmouth/Portbury for shipping due to huge tidal range in Avon. Sewage in rivers alter ph levels killing plant life Dredging on river bed life Wash from boats eroding banks Killed off all salmon Farming/ pesticides
Why are so many towns situated on rivers? - Corporal
Why are rivers so significant?- Romans
How does the river Avon compare to rivers across the globe?- understand
Are our rivers being destroyed? - Roman law trial by peers selected from community in open court.
Links: Industrial Revolution, Year 2 Water- Ganges, Bodies of water, River Avon.
Wow DayWhat is crime and punishment?
Trips and Visits Shepton Mallet
Where can this take youPrison officer
Bristol LinksHorfield prison
MisconceptionsAll people who commit crimes go to prison.
Hinterland (practical activities)
Useful web links: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/02/the-worlds-watersheds-mapped-in-gorgeous-detail?fbclid=IwAR3YfRa41F6pZk57VTLAi12WC85Vi0iY8SpRr-yyTA1ksxxYEZ41lOahsK0
ScaffoldingSentence starters EvidenceThe evidence provided from (sources) suggests It is evident from the source that Source A suggests The evidence in (source) enables us to understand
ExplainThe most likely cause for these changes was This means that It could be argued that The factors that contributed to the situation were
LinkThere is no doubt that Thus we can conclude that We can therefore see It is clear that PP
Deploy intervention appropriately to ensure domain knowledge is understood e.g. pre-teach, KO sent out on Seesaw with teacher video discussing and explaining key vocabulary and domain knowledge.Consolidation teach after half term to consolidate KO knowledgeFast 5 at the start of each lesson to allow knowledge to be remembered before moving on. Liaise with parents by sending out key dates for visitors, trips and when work is due in.
EAL Key vocabulary from vocab above to be put on a word map with associated images.Key vocabulary to have child’s home language where relevant.Any relevant links to their countries can be made (discuss and compare coast lines etc.).Pre-teach session to go through key vocabulary.
Extension for experts
Dual coding No text heavy slides – ensure that imagery and modelling opportunities are copious in slides. Check that slides have diagrams with labels in relevant places. Talk through what is on the slide so children don’t have different channels in use.
Year group: 5 Term: 1/2
Topic Title:
Will the UK ever disappear into the sea?
Cohesion- Text links Shine- Kate Maryon
National Curriculum links
- Develop a chronologically secure knowledge of British, local and world history.
Key Questions Core knowledge Assessment What is crime and punishment?
Geography vocab: capital punishment
DT vocab
Music vocab MFL vocab Key people/ figures/ places/ policies abcd
Geography Knowledge DT Knowledge Music MFLCore, powerful, substantive, disciplinary Prior Domain Knowledge 1215 – trial by fire or water Powerful substantive Exe
Composites and components
What is corporal and capital punishment, what is the difference? - Corporal
Where does the English law system originate from? - understand
How do we know our system is different to our ancestors? - Roman law trial by peers selected from community in open court.
Is the judicial system fair? Has it always been this way?
- Romans
Links: Compare to back in time Vikings (Y4, Tudors Y3- Anne’s attempts to change to Catholicism) – how their rule law was garnered -Henry 8th, Vikings – workhouses prisons
Wow DayWhat is crime and punishment?
Trips and Visits Shepton Mallet
Where can this take youPrison officer
Bristol LinksHorfield prison
MisconceptionsAll people who commit crimes go to prison.
Hinterland (practical activities)
Useful web links:
ScaffoldingSentence starters EvidenceThe evidence provided from (sources) suggests It is evident from the source that Source A suggests The evidence in (source) enables us to understand
ExplainThe most likely cause for these changes was This means that It could be argued that The factors that contributed to the situation were
LinkThere is no doubt that Thus we can conclude that We can therefore see It is clear that
PP Deploy intervention appropriately to ensure domain knowledge is understood e.g. pre-teach, KO sent out on Seesaw with teacher video discussing and explaining key vocabulary and domain knowledge.Consolidation teach after half term to consolidate KO knowledgeFast 5 at the start of each lesson to allow knowledge to be remembered before moving on. Liaise with parents by sending out key dates for visitors, trips and when work is due in.
EAL Key vocabulary from vocab above to be put on a word map with associated images.Key vocabulary to have child’s home language where relevant.Any relevant links to their countries can be made (discuss and compare coast lines etc.).Pre-teach session to go through key vocabulary.
Extension for experts
Dual coding No text heavy slides – ensure that imagery and modelling opportunities are copious in slides. Check that slides have diagrams with labels in relevant places. Talk through what is on the slide so children don’t have different channels in use.