European Exploration Study GuideDirections: Study the below information and concepts for the next few weeks and you will be prepared for class and for assessments.

Map of the Routes Explorers Took:

Vocabulary

Discovered: learned or found out something unexpected; found or saw something for the first time

Conquistador: means conqueror and describes someone who traveled to North, Central, and South America to look for wealth, conquer the native people and take over land

St. Augustine, Florida: oldest continuously inhabited city in North America settled by Europeans

Colonization: the process of taking control of an area and sending people to the newly controlled land to develop a settlement there

Uncharted land: unfamiliar land

Missions: communities set up to convert groups of people from one religion to another (ex. Natives to Christianity).

Northwest Passage: shortcut both John Cabot and Henry Hudson were trying to find in the north that didn’t really exist

Latitude: imaginary lines drawn horizontally on the globe that helped explorers stay on course or continue in the direction they wanted to sail

Longitude: imaginary long lines that run north to south around the globe that also helped explorers stay on course

People

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella: King and Queen of Spain who sponsored Christopher Columbus’ journey

Christopher Columbus: This explorer set sail in 1492, a year that changed the world

Juan Ponce de Leon: Legend has it that this explorer may have searched for a Fountain of Youth; he explored the Florida peninsula, as well as the Gulf Stream—the strong current of warm water that flow out of the Gulf of Mexico, around Florida and up the coast of the Southeast United States

Hernando de Soto: This explorer took Chief Vitachuco and the Lady of Cofitachequi prisoner. He was also the conquistador who found a member of the Narvaez expedition named Juan Ortiz. He explored Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, and Alabama.

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado: This explorer traveled through the Southwest, came across a Zuni village, and was the first known European to see the Grand Canyon

Henry Hudson: This explorer was searching for a Northwest Passage and explored the area that is today the state of New York

John Cabot: This explorer was one of the first Europeans to lead an expedition to find a Northwest Passage; he explored an area that today is Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

Samuel de Champlain: This French explorer mapped the area he called “New France” in present day Canada and made alliances, or agreements, with native tribes to help defend both the natives and the European settlers.

Concepts

Discuss how each explorer treated the Native Americans they came in contact with, if they came in contact with Natives.

Columbus: Treated the Taino Native Americans very badly, killed them, enslaved them, and others died of disease from the Europeans.

Ponce de Leon: had many conflicts with the Natives and so mistreated them De Soto: had many conflicts with Natives, took two Chiefs prisoner, killed many Natives Coronado: tried converting Natives to Christianity and when that did not work he attacked Cabot: did not come in contact with Native Americans, but saw evidence of their settlement Hudson: positive interactions with Natives, traded and had dinner with one group of Natives Champlain: formed an alliance with tribes and established fur-trading

Grammar

Linking Words: words that link one thought to another

For example: use this linking word after a sentence when you are going to list examples and use a commao My cousin loves to play games with me in the summer when she visits our home in Vermont, for

example, basketball, soccer, board games, hide and seek, and card games. In conclusion: to end or wrap up (ends the story or summary) In the same way: shows two things that are the same

o Bill has blue eyes. In the same way, Betty has blue eyes. In contrast: shows two things that are different or opposites

o Bill is wearing a striped sweater. In contrast, Betty is wearing a pink blouse.

Prefixes: (continue to practice the previous prefixes learned (re, pre, non, un, dis, mis)

Pro-: means forward or before (project, to move or throw forward) Anti-: means against or opposite (antisocial, opposite of social)

Suffixes: word part added to the end of the root word that changes the meaning (-ed, -ing, -er/-or, -s/-es, -ian, -ist, -y, -al, -ly, -ous, -ive, -ful, -less)

-ish: having the characteristic of or like (foolish, like a fool) -ness: in the state or condition of being (loneliness, the state of being lonely) -able/-ible: able to be (chewable, able to chew; reversible, able to reverse) -er: compares two things (greater or more)

o My sister is taller than me. -est: compares more than two things (greatest or most)

o I am the shortest of all my sisters.

Visit the link for more information, read-alouds, and daily readings in student readers http://www.kyrene.org/Page/40569