· web viewcrum (24) 21 l 3 pulmonary (miliary), bone, skin healthy, survived survived 43 arnold...

Supplemental Material

Supp. Table 1. Pregnant patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis

As: Asian, B: Black, L: Latina, Nat Am: Native American, NR: Not reported, PP: Post-Partum, W: White

Case No. First Author/Reference

No.

Age (y) Race Trimester Sites of Disease Fetal Outcome Maternal

Outcome

1 Mendenhall (1) 30 W 1 Pulmonary, probable meninges, kidney, liver Died, no infection Died at 5 mo

gestation

2 Smale (2) 37 B NR Pulmonary, skin, meninges, bone, soft tissue Stillborn Died, day 3

PP

3 Smale (2) 28 B 3 Pulmonary, meninges Died, prematurity Died, day 1

PP

4 Smale (2) 34 B 3 Pulmonary, meninges Healthy, survived Survived

5 Smale (2) 27 B 3 Pulmonary (miliary), spleen Died, undelivered,

no infection

Died, third

trimester

6 Conan (3) 30 W PP Uterine, skin, fungemia Healthy, survived Died 2 years

PP

7 Vaughn (4) 20 B 1 Skin Spontaneous

abortion

Died

8 Vaughn (4) 34 L 2 Meninges Healthy, survived Survived

Odio 1

9 Vaughn (4) 22 B 2 Meninges, skin Died, prematurity,

no infection

Died

10 Vaughn (4) 29 W 3 Disseminated, site not reported Healthy, survived Died

11 Vaughn (4) 31 W 3 Disseminated, site not reported Healthy, survived Died

12 Vaughn (4) 24 A 3 Meninges Healthy, survived Died

13 Vaughn (4) 37 B 3 Disseminated, site not reported Stillborn, no

infection

Died

14 Vaughn (4) 28 B 3 Disseminated, site not reported Healthy, survived Died

15 Vaughn (4) 27 B 3 Disseminated, site not reported Died, no infection Died,

undelivered

16 Vaughn (4) 19 B 3 Disseminated, site not reported Healthy, survived Died

17 Cohen (5) 22 B 2 Pulmonary (miliary), skin, bone Died, immature, no

infection

Died, 14 days

PP

18 Cohen (5) 34 B 2 Pulmonary (miliary), meninges, skin Spontaneous

abortion, no

infection

Died at

childbirth

19 Baker (6) 32 W 3 Pulmonary, meninges, brain parenchyma Healthy, survived Died, 9 days

PP

20 Harrison (7) 20 W 2 Pulmonary, skin, meninges Immature, died Died

Odio 2

21 Mongan (8) 21 W 2 Pulmonary, liver, urinary Died before birth Died in

second

trimester

22 Harris (9) 22 W 3 Pulmonary (miliary), liver Healthy, survived Died

23 Harris (9) 38 W 3 Pulmonary (miliary), liver Healthy, survived Died

24 Harris (9) 21 B 2 Bone Healthy, survived Survived

25 Hadsall (10) 38 L 3 Skin Healthy, survived Survived

26 Hadsall (10) 26 B Skin Spontaneous

abortion; second

pregnancy survived

Survived

27 Purtilo (11) 22 W 3 Pulmonary, meninges, liver Immature, died Died

28 VanBergen (12) 27 W 2 Pulmonary (miliary), meninges, fungemia Healthy, survived Died

29 Steele (13) 17 W Pulmonary, meninges Healthy, survived Survived

30 Shafai (14) 35 B 3 Pulmonary, disseminated Twins died of

infection and

prematurity

Died 1 day PP

31 McCaffree20 (15) 34 NR 2 Pulmonary, skin Healthy, survived Survived

32 McCaffree20 (15) NR NR 3 Meninges Healthy, survived Survived

Odio 3

33 Bernstein (16) 32 A 3 Cervix Died of infection Survived

34 Salgia (17) 33 L Uterine Healthy, survived Survived

35 Wack (18) 28 W 2 Skin Healthy, survived Survived

36 Wack (18) 26 W Pulmonary, meninges Healthy, survived Survived

37 Babycos (19) 21 B 3 Pulmonary, skin, bone marrow, heart Born prematurely,

healthy, no infection

Died PP

38 Lee (20) 19 B 3 Disseminated, meninges No mention of

outcome of first

pregnancy; second

infant born

prematurely with

fluconazole-related

defects; no infection

Survived

39 Pursley (21) 22 NR 3 Disseminated Four pregnancies:

two healthy and two

with fluconazole

tetragonic finding

Survived

Odio 4

40 Aleck (22) 27 L 3 Meninges Healthy, survived Survived

41 Charlton (23) 20 L 3 Pulmonary, disseminated to liver, placenta Pneumonia,

survived

Died

42 Crum (24) 21 L 3 Pulmonary (miliary), bone, skin Healthy, survived Survived

43 Arnold (25) 30 L 3 Placenta Healthy, survived Survived

44 Hooper (26) 27 NR 2 Placenta Died Survived

45 Anstead (27) 24 B 2 Disseminated, site not reported Died Survived

46 Cunningham (28) 31 NR 2 Meninges Elective abortion Survived

47 Crum (29) 24 A Skin Healthy, survived Survived

48 Calderon (30) 22 L 3 Meninges Healthy, survived Died

49 Calderon (30) 23 L 3 Meninges Healthy, survived Died

50 Calderon (30) 24 L 2 Meninges and CNS abscess, lymphadenitis, soft

tiss

Healthy, survived Died

51 Calderon (30) 27 L 3 Soft Tissue Died Died

52 Peterson (31) 21 B NR Skin Died Survived

Odio 5

Supp. Table 2. Patients with exogenous immunosuppression and disseminated coccidioidomycosis

As: Asian, B: Black, L: Latino/a, Nat Am: Native American, NR: Not reported, W: White

Case

No.

First

Author

Age

(Y)

Race Gender Reason for

Immunosuppression

Medication/Dose Reduction or

withdrawal of

immunosuppression

Symptom

improvement < 1 mo

after reduction or

withdrawal of

immunosuppression

Pulmonary

Disease

Location of

Dissemination

Final

Outcome

1 Bravo (32) 16 W M ALL COG AALL0232 protocol Intrathecal

methotrexate

continued; 5-day

prednisone pulses

were d/c for 3 months

Y N Appendicular

osteomyelitis,

cutaneous,

meninges

Survived

2 Bravo (32) 20 W M ALL COG AALL0232 protocol Off therapy for 8

months at time of

fungal presentation

N/A N Axial

osteomyelitis,

cutaneous, soft

tissue

Survived

3 Bravo (32) 6 NR M Symptomatic treatment

of fatigue, fevers,

weight loss

Prednisone, 5 day

course/ dose NR

Y N Y Blood, axial

osteomyelitis,

soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died

4 Blodget

(33)

23 L M Kidney transplant Anti-thymocyte globulin

(1 mg/kg daily for 4

days), tacrolimus 1 mg q

NR NR Y Blood, soft

tissue

Survived

Odio 6

12 h, MMF 500 mg b.i.d.,

methylprednisolone

5 Blodget

(33)

66 L M Heart transplant MMF 1500 mg b.i.d.,

prednisone 10 mg b.i.d.,

tacrolimus 2 mg AM and

1 mg PM.

NR, died 6 days after

CM diagnosis

NR Y Blood, soft

tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died

6 Blodget

(33)

40 B M Kidney transplant MMF 500mg daily,

prednisone 10 mg daily,

tacrolimus 3mg q AM and

4mg q PM

NR, died 5 days after

CM diagnosis

NR Y Blood, soft

tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died

7 Dierberg

(34)

19 B M Kidney transplant Tacrolimus, prednisone,

MMF/ dose NR

NR NR Y Blood Survived

8 Dierberg

(34)

45 W F Kidney/pancreas

transplant

Tacrolimus, prednisone,

MMF/ dose NR

NR, CM was

diagnosed postmortem

NR Y Blood Died

9 Keckich

(35)

49 B F Kidney transplant Thymoglobulin,

tacrolimus, prednisone/

dose NR

NR NR Y Meninges Survived

10 Keckich

(35)

64 W M Liver transplant Tacrolimus, prednisone/

dose NR

NR NR Y Soft tissue Survived

11 Kokseng

(36)

18 A F Kidney transplant MMF, tacrolimus/ dose

NR

MMF d/c, tacrolimus

dose decreased

Y N Cutaneous,

meninges

Survived

12 Mitter (37) 50 NR M Crohn’s disease 100 mg 6-

mercaptopurine daily,

adalimumab/ dose NR

Both were d/c N Y Appendicular

osteomyelitis,

cutaneous,

meninges and

Died

Odio 7

CNS abscess,

soft tissue

13 Carvalho

(38)

62 W M Kidney transplant Cyclosporine and

prednisolone/ dose NR

Doses of both were

reduced

N N CNS abscess Died

14 Keckich

(39)

74 W M Type of malignancy

NR

Steroids/ dose NR NR NR Y Blood Survived

15 Keckich

(39)

79 W F Rheumatoid arthritis Azathioprine/ dose NR NR NR Y Blood Died

16 Keckich

(39)

66 W F Dermatomyositis Steroids/ dose NR NR NR Y Blood Survived

17 Trentman

(40)

37 NR M Sarcoidosis Prednisone/ dose NR NR NR N Appendicular

osteomyelitis,

cutaneous

Survived

18 Wollina

(41)

52 NR F Sarcoidosis Prednisolone and

methotrexate (MTX) /

dose NR

Both were d/c Y Y Cutaneous Survived

19 Stagliano

(42)

3 W M Wilms' tumor Chemotherapy for tumor/

medications and doses

NR

No N/A Y Blood,

cutaneous, soft

tissue

Survived

20 Kappel

(43)

48 NR M HIV N/A Viral load and CD4

count were NR

N/A Y Cutaneous Survived

21 Assi (44) 64 NR F Liver transplant Corticosteroids/ dose NR NR NR Y Appendicular

osteomyelitis

Survived

22 Sohail (45) 72 NR M Arachnoiditis Dexamethasone/dose

NR

NR NR Y Soft tissue Died of

other

Odio 8

cause

23 Sohail (45) 56 NR M Kidney transplant Prednisone, azathioprine,

cyclosporine/ dose NR

NR NR Y Soft tissue Died of

other

cause

24 Ugurlu (46) 77 NR F Suspected giant cell

arteritis

High dose prednisone/

dose NR

Prednisone D/C NR N Cutaneous, soft

tissue

Survived

25 Wang (47) 71 A M Intermittent fever Prednisolone/ 30 mg/day NR NR Y Blood,

meninges

Died

26 Glenn (48) 42 L M GVHD prophylaxis and

control after HSCT for

chronic myelogenous

leukemia

Cyclosporine

methotrexate/ dose NR

Prednisone/ 120 mg/day

No N/A Y Axial

osteomyelitis,

blood,

lymphadenitis,

soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died of

other

cause

27 Blair (49) 60 NR M Kidney transplant Prednisone 15 mg daily,

tacrolimus 2 mg b.i.d,

MMF 1 g b.i.d.

NR NR Y Appendicular

osteomyelitis,

soft tissue

Survived

28 Lewicky

(50)

36 B F Presumed sarcoidosis Prednisone 15 mg daily Prednisone d/c N Y Axial

osteomyelitis,

soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

Survived

29 Miller (51) 61 NR NR Lung transplant Methylprednisone,

azathioprine, and

cyclosporine/ dose NR

NR NR Y Soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died

Odio 9

30 Kuberski

(52)

57 B F Presumed

costochondritis

Prednisone/ dose NR NR NR Y Axial

osteomyelitis

Survived

31 Antony

(53)

75 A M Unrelenting

exophthalmos

Prednisone taper over

several weeks starting at

60 mg daily

Prednisone d/c N Y Axial

osteomyelitis

Survived

32 Wright (54) 46 W M Liver transplant Regimen and dose NR NR NR Y Axial

osteomyelitis,

CNS abscess,

soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died

33 Wright (54) 28 B M Kidney transplant Regimen and dose NR NR NR Y Axial

osteomyelitis,

CNS abscess,

soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died

34 Yorgin (55) 13 NR F Lupus nephritis Pulse cyclophosphamide/

500 mg/m2, daily

steroids/ dose NR

NR NR Y CNS abscess,

lymphadenitis,

soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died

35 Fishco (56) 40 NR F Sarcoidosis Prednisone, 10 mg and

20 mg on alternate days

NR NR N Appendicular

osteomyelitis

Survived

36 Erly (57) 74 NR M Waldenström's

macroglobulinemia

Steroid therapy for 2

years and intermittent

chemotherapy for 5

years/ dose NR

NR NR Y Axial

osteomyelitis,

soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died

Odio 10

37 Smilack

(58)

72 NR F Pulmonary sarcoidosis Varying doses of

prednisone for 5.5 years/

doses NR

Prednisone d/c N Y Axial

osteomyelitis,

cutaneous, soft

tissue (2 or

more locations)

Survived

38 Banuelos

(59)

50 L M Liver transplant Azathioprine, prednisone,

tacrolimus/ dose NR

NR NR Y Axial

osteomyelitis,

CNS abscess

and meninges

Survived

39 Wagner

(60)

34 L F Non-Hodgkin's

lymphoma

Two courses of ONCEP,

one course of ESHAP/

doses NR

Immunosuppressive

therapy was delayed

N Y Axial

osteomyelitis

Died

40 Mischel

(61)

30 L M HIV No ART given CD4 count 80/ μL N/A/ diagnosed

postmortem

Y CNS abscess

and meninges

Died

41 Gold (62) 36 NR M HIV Treated with zidovudine CD4 count 7/μL N/A Y Cutaneous,

lymphadenitis,

meninges, soft

tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died

42 Zar (63) 28 NR M HIV No ART given CD4 count 576/μL N/A N Axial

osteomyelitis,

blood,

meninges, soft

tissue

Survived

43 Dodd (64) 60 L M Liver transplant Prednisone and

cyclosporine/ doses NR

NR NR Y Soft tissue Died

Odio 11

44 Byrne (65) 57 NR M HIV No ART given CD4 count 10/ μL N/A Y Blood,

meninges, soft

tissue

Died of

other

cause

45 Prichard

(66)

28 L M HIV No ART given CD4 count NR N/A Y Axial

osteomyelitis,

cutaneous

Died

46 Vartivarian

(67)

29 W M Heart transplant Cyclosporine, 400 mg

daily, rabbit

antithymocyte globulin,

500 mg intramuscular

daily, and prednisone 60

mg daily.

Prednisone was

tapered to 5 mg/day

Patient died <1 mo

after infection

presentation; CM

diagnosed postmortem

Y Axial

osteomyelitis,

blood,

cutaneous, soft

tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died

47 Ampel (68) 20 L M Kidney transplant Azathioprine 150 mg

daily, prednisone 25 mg

daily

Both were reduced Y but later relapsed Y Blood, soft

tissue

Died

48 Ampel (68) 83 W M Chronic lymphocytic

leukemia

Dexamethasone 24 mg

daily

NR NR Y Blood Died

49 Ampel (68) 6 L M Lymphoblastic

lymphoma

Dexamethasone 3 mg

daily

NR NR Y Blood Died

50 Ampel (68) 81 W M Chronic lymphocytic

leukemia

Prednisone 10 mg daily NR NR Y Blood, soft

tissue

Died

51 Ampel (68) 63 Nat

Am

M Bacterial osteomyelitis Dexamethasone 16 mg

daily

NR NR Y Blood Died

52 Ampel (68) 54 W F Breast carcinoma Prednisone 5 mg daily NR NR Y Blood, soft Died

Odio 12

tissue

53 Ampel (68) 68 W M Large cell carcinoma of

lung; squamous cell

carcinoma of the

hypopharynx

Dexamethasone 16 mg

daily

NR NR Y Blood Died

54 Ampel (68) 24 W M HIV ART NR CD4 count NR NR Y Blood Survived

55 Ampel (68) 62 W M Chronic lung disease;

Idiopathic

cardiomyopathy

Prednisone 25 mg daily NR NR Y Blood Died

56 Ampel (68) 46 W M Chronic lung disease Prednisone 70 mg daily NR NR Y Blood Survived

57 Ampel (68) 71 W M Glioblastoma Dexamethasone 4 mg

t.i.d.

NR NR Y Blood Died

58 Ampel (68) 58 W M HIV ART NR CD4 count NR N/A Y Blood Died

59 Ampel (68) 32 B M HIV No ART given CD4 count NR N/A Y Blood Died

60 Wolf (69) 36 W M HIV No ART given CD4 count 6.1 K N/A N Cutaneous,

lymphadenitis,

soft tissue

Survived

61 Parker (70) 30 NR M Lupus nephritis Prednisone 200 mg daily,

cyclophosphamide 300

mg daily

Prednisone was

tapered

Y Y Axial

osteomyelitis,

soft tissue

Survived

62 Abrams

(71)

30 W M HIV No ART given CD4 count 2.7 K N/A Y Axial

osteomyelitis,

blood,

lymphadenitis,

soft tissue (2 or

Died

Odio 13

more locations)

63 Kovacs

(72)

30 L M HIV No ART given CD4 count 2.9 K N/A Y Lymphadenitis,

soft tissue

Died of

other

cause

64 Howard

(73)

39 Nat

Am

M Kidney transplant Prednisone 40 mg daily,

azathioprine 125 mg

daily

NR NR, patient died 1

week after

hospitalization for

infection

Y Soft tissue Died

65 Howard

(73)

32 W M Lupus nephritis Prednisone 5 mg daily NR NR Y Axial

osteomyelitis,

blood,

meninges, soft

tissue (2 or

more locations)

Survived

66 Brewer

(74)

51 W M Heart transplant Azathioprine,

methylprednisone,

antilymphocyte globulin/

doses NR

NR NR Y CNS abscess,

soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died

67 MacDonald

(75)

5.5 W M ALL Monthly doses of

vincristine sulfate (1.5 mg

intravenously),

prednisone (40 mg/day

for 5 days), weekly oral

doses of methotrexate

(20 mg per dose), and

daily doses of

All

immunosuppressives

were held

Y Y Cutaneous,

lymphadenitis

Survived

Odio 14

mercaptopurine (75 mg)

68 Allen (76) 66 W M Emphysema Prednisone/ 35 mg daily No Died three days after

CM diagnosed and

antifungals given

Y Soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died

69 Gardner

(77)

1 W M Rhinitis, stridor and

cough unresponsive to

antibiotics

Dexamethasone/ dose

NR

D/C Y Y Soft tissue Survived

70 Kaplan

(78)

20 W M Kidney transplant Prednisone 30 mg every

other day, azathioprine,

50 mg daily.

Both were d/c Y Y Cutaneous,

meninges, soft

tissue

Survived

71 Davis (79) 32 B M Presumed pulmonary

sarcoidosis

Steroids/ dose NR D/C N Y Meninges Survived

72 Halpern

(80)

23 B M Sarcoidosis Steroids/ dose NR NR NR Y Axial

osteomyelitis,

lymphadenitis,

soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

Survived

73 Harvey

(81)

23 L F Lupus nephritis Prednisone 60 mg daily Tapered to 12.5

mg/day

N N Axial

osteomyelitis,

soft tissue

Survived

74 Schroter

(82)

44 L F Kidney transplant Prednisone 200 mg daily,

azathioprine 150 daily

N CM Diagnosed

postmortem

Y Lymphadenitis,

soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died

75 Lee (83) 48 NR F Kidney transplant Prednisone 20 mg daily;

azathioprine 150 mg

NR NA Y Cutaneous Survived

Odio 15

76 Krulig (84) 57 L M Pemphigus vulgaris Betamethasone 12 mg

daily, azathioprine 200

mg daily

N CM Diagnosed

postmortem

Y Axial

osteomyelitis,

lymphadenitis,

soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died

77 Deresinski

(85)

32 L F Hodgkin’s lymphoma Prednisone 40 mg daily NR CM diagnosed

postmortem

Y Axial

osteomyelitis,

lymphadenitis,

meninges, soft

tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died

78 Deresinski

(85)

16 W M Hodgkin’s lymphoma MOPP NR Patient died 9 days

after nodules appeared

Y Axial

osteomyelitis,

lymphadenitis,

soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

Died

79 Deresinski

(85)

37 L M Hodgkin’s lymphoma MOP MOP D/C N; died 6 months after

CM diagnosis despite

antifungals

N Meninges Died

Odio 16

Supp Table 3. Demographic information of patients with exogenous immune suppression and disseminated coccidioidomycosis

*Other: Native American (2), Not reported (19)

Total Survived Died Death from other cause

Total, n (%) 79 35 (44) 39 (49) 5 (6)

Age, years, median (IQR) 44 (28 – 62) 36 (23 – 57) 46 (30 – 63) 56 (36 – 65)

Gender, Male, n (%) 59 (75) 23 (66) 31 (79) 5 (100)

Race, n (%)

Black 9 (11) 6 (17) 3 (8) 0 (0)

Odio 17

White 29 (37) 13 (37) 16 (41) 0 (0)

Asian 3 (4) 2 (6) 1 (3) 0 (0)

Latino 16 (20) 3 (9) 11 (28) 2 (40)

*Other 22 (28) 11 (31) 8 (21) 3 (60)

Immune suppression Cause, n(%)

Transplant regimen 24 (30) 9 (26) 13 (33) 2 (40)

Isolated steroid therapy 29 (37) 16 (46) 12 (31) 1 (20)

Cancer chemotherapy 8 (10) 4 (11) 4 (10) 0 (0)

HIV 12 (15) 4 (11) 6 (15) 2 (40)

Regimens for autoimmune

disease

6 (8) 2 (6) 4 (10) 0 (0)

Site of dissemination, n (%)

Pulmonary disease 68 (86) 26 (74) 37 (95) 5 (100)

Osteomyelitis 29 (37) 16 (46) 12 (31) 1 (20)

Axial 23 (29) 11 (31) 11 (28) 1 (20)

Appendicular 6 (8) 5 (14) 1 (3) 0 (0)

CNS Infection 20 (25) 8 (23) 11 (28) 1 (20)

Meningitis 12 (15) 7 (20) 4 (10) 1 (20)

Abscess 5 (6) 0 (0) 5 (13) 0 (0)

Meningitis and

abscess

3 (4) 1 (3) 2 (5) 0 (0)

Lymphadenitis 12 (15) 3 (9) 7 (18) 2 (40)

Cutaneous 17 (22) 13 (37) 4 (11) 0 (0)

Odio 18

Soft tissue 44 (56) 16 (46) 23 (59) 5 (100)

2 or more locations 22 (28) 4 (11) 17 (44) 1 (20)

Blood 29 (37) 8 (23) 21 (54) 0 (0)

Year Published, n (%)

2000 - 2013 35 (44) 20 (57) 12 (31) 3 (60)

1990 - 1999 8 (10) 3 (9) 5 (13) 0 (0)

1980 - 1989 27 (34) 8 (23) 17 (44) 2 (40)

1970 - 1979 9 (11) 4 (11) 5 (13) 0 (0)

Odio 19

Supp. Table 4. Location of coccidioidomycosis dissemination by racial group in patients with exogenous immunosuppression.


Total, n (%) Black White Latino Asian *Other

Total, n 79 9 29 16 3 22

Pulmonary disease 68 (86) 9 (100) 25 (86) 14 (88) 2 (67) 18 (82)

Osteomyelitis 29 (37) 4 (44) 7 (24) 7 (44) 1 (33) 10 (45)

Axial 23 (29) 4 (44) 6 (21) 7 (44) 1 (33) 5 (23)

Appendicular 6 (8) 0 (0) 1 (3) 0 (0) 0 (0) 5 (23)

CNS 20 (25) 3 (33) 6 (21) 4 (25) 2 (67) 5 (23)

Meningitis 12 (15) 2 (22) 3 (10) 2 (13) 2 (67) 3 (14)

Abscess 5 (6) 1 (11) 3 (10) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (5)

Meningitis and

abscess

3 (4) 0 (0) 0 (0) 2 (13) 0 (0) 1 (5)

Lymphadenitis 12 (15) 1 (11) 4 (14) 5 (31) 0 (0) 2 (9)

Cutaneous lesions 17 (22) 0 (0) 7 (24) 1 (6) 1 (33) 8 (36)

Soft Tissue 44 (56) 4 (44) 15 (52) 10 (63) 0 (0) 15 (68)

2 or more locations 22 (28) 4 (44) 7 (24) 5 (31) 0 (0) 6 (27)

Blood 29 (37) 3 (33) 17 (59) 5 (31) 1 (33) 3 (14)

Odio 20

Supp. Table 5. Patients with multi-site disseminated coccidioidomycosis (MDCM)

As: Asian, B: Black, L: Latino/a, Nat Am: Native American, NR: Not reported, W: White

A: Amphotericin, C: Caspofungin, D: Difulcan, F: Fluconazole, I: Itraconazole, K: Ketoconazole, LA: Liposomal amphotericin, M: Miconazole, P: Posaconazole, V: Voriconazole

Case

No.

First Author Age

(Y)

Rac

e

Sex PMH Pulmonary

disease

Location of

Dissemination

Antifungals

Used

Surgery Abscess/

Fluid

Drainage

No. of

Relapses

Final

Outcome

1 Fierer (86) 52 B M Other

illness

N Cutaneous, soft tissue LA, F, P N N 0 Survived

2 Duplessis (87) 30 B M Other

infection

Y Axial/ appendicular

osteomyelitis

LA, P, IFN- γ N N 0 Survived

3 Duplessis (87) 23 B M None N Axial osteomyelitis

(multiple locations)

LA, I, P, IFN-

γ

Y N 0 Survived

4 Silva-

Hernandez

(88)

20 L M Other

infection

Y Cutaneous, soft tissue LA, F N N 1 Death

from other

causes

5 Keckich (39) 70 W M Other

illness

Y Blood, Meninges, soft

tissue

F N N 0 Survived

6 Keckich (39) 63 B M Other

illness

Y Blood, Soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

F N N 0 Survived

7 Keckich (39) 47 W M Other

illness

Y Blood

8 Kwok (89) 50 NR M None Y Cutaneous,

lymphadenitis

F N N 0 Survived

9 Kwok (89) 42 NR M Other N Axial osteomyelitis, soft A, F N N 0 Death

Odio 21

infection/

Other

illness

tissue from other

causes

10 Wilde (90) 42 B F Other

illness

Y Axial osteomyelitis, soft

tissue

A, F N N 1 Death

from other

causes

11 Nolt (91) 0 NR M Other

infection

Y CNS abscess,

lymphadenitis

F N N 0 Survived

12 Crum-

Cianflone (92)

19 L F None Y Lymphadenitis, soft

tissue

LA, F Y Y 0 Survived

13 Crum-

Cianflone (92)

31 B M Other

illness

Y Cutaneous,

lymphadenitis, soft

tissue

LA, F Y Y 0 Survived

14 Crum-

Cianflone (92)

65 As M Other

illness

Y Appendicular

osteomyelitis, soft tissue

LA, F N Y 0 Survived

15 Rosendahl (93) 32 W M None Y CNS abscess,

cutaneous

F N N 1 Survived

16 Crum (94) 59 L F Other

illness

Y Axial osteomyelitis,

cutaneous,

lymphadenitis

LA, I N N 0 Survived

17 Anstead (27) 17 B F None Y Osteomyelitis

unspecified location,

cutaneous, soft tissue

LA, F, P, V,

C, IFN-γ

Y Y 1 Died

18 Anstead (27) 20 B M None Y Axial and appendicular

osteomyelitis, cutaneous

A, LA, F, I, K,

P

N N 1 Survived

Odio 22

19 La Via (95) 10 L M Other

illness

Y Meninges, soft tissue (2

or more locations)

A, LA, F, I Y N 1 Survived

20 Biller (96) 24 B F None Y Axial osteomyelitis, CNS

abscess, lymphadenitis

LA, F, V N Y 0 Survived

21 Prabhu (97) 31 B M None Y Axial and appendicular


A, LA, F, I, V,

C

N N 1 Survived

22 Arnold (98) 17 As F None Y Axial and appendicular


A, F N N 0 Survived

23 Arnold (98) 29 As M None Y Axial osteomyelitis,


A, F N N 0 NR

24 Baddley (99) 28 B F None N Axial osteomyelitis,


A, LA, F N Y 0 Survived

25 Crum and

Lederman (29)

20 L M None N Axial and appendicular


A, I N N 0 Survived

26 Crum and

Lederman (29)

21 B M None Y Axial osteomyelitis, soft

tissue

A, LA, I N N 1 Survived

27 Crum and

Lederman (29)

22 B M None Y Axial and appendicular


A, I N N 0 Survived

28 Crum and

Lederman (29)

59 L F None Y Axial osteomyelitis,

cutaneous

A, F, I N N 0 Survived

29 Crum and

Lederman (29)

25 L F None Y Appendicular

osteomyelitis,

cutaneous,

lymphadenitis

A, F N N 1 Survived

30 Crum and 23 B M None Y Axial osteomyelitis, A, I N N 0 Survived

Odio 23

Lederman (29) cutaneous

31 Crum and

Lederman (29)

29 As M None N Axial osteomyelitis,

cutaneous,

lymphadenitis

A, I N N 1 Survived

32 Crum and

Lederman (29)

36 B M None N Axial and appendicular

osteomyelitis

A, F N N 0 Survived

33 Crum and

Lederman (29)

49 As F None Y Cutaneous,

lymphadenitis

F N N 1 Survived

34 Crum and

Lederman (29)

52 W M None Y Axial and appendicular

osteomyelitis ,

cutaneous


35 Crum and

Lederman (29)

35 L M None N Axial osteomyelitis,

cutaneous, meninges

F N N 0 Survived

36 Crum and

Lederman (29)

42 As M Other

illness




37 Crum and

Lederman (29)

40 As F None Y Lymphadenitis, soft

tissue

F N N 0 Survived

38 Crum and

Lederman (29)

45 As M None N Cutaneous, meninges

and CNS abscess,

lymphadenitis

A, F N N 2 Survived

39 Crum and

Lederman (29)

52 As M None N Cutaneous, meninges A, F Y Y 2 Survived

40 Danaher (100) 20 B M NR Y Axial and appendicular

osteomyelitis,

A, LA, F, P Y N 3 Survived

Odio 24


41 Crum (94) 22 B M None Y Axial and appendicular


LA N N 0 Survived

42 Crum (94) 59 L F None Y Axial osteomyelitis,

cutaneous

A, I N N 0 Survived

43 Crum (94) 19 As M None N Axial and appendicular


A N Y 0 Survived

44 Crum (94) 21 B M None Y Axial osteomyelitis, soft

tissue (2 or more

locations)

A, I Y N N/A Survived

45 Crum (94) 21 B M NR Y Axial osteomyelitis,

lymphadenitis, soft

tissue

A, I Y N N/A Survived

46 Holley (101) 32 NR M NR N Axial osteomyelitis, soft

tissue

A, I N N 0 Survived

47 Erly (57) 33 NR M None N Meninges and CNS

abscess, soft tissue

F N N 1 Died

48 Polesky (102) 41 B F None N Lymphadenitis, soft

tissue


49 Polesky (102) 48 Paki

stan

i

M Other

illness

Y Cutaneous,

lymphadenitis, soft

tissue


50 Koehler (103) 32 As M None Y Osteomyelitis

(unspecified location),

cutaneous,

A, LA, F, I, K N N 0 Survived

Odio 25

lymphadenitis, soft

tissue

51 Cunningham

(28)

32 B M None Y Axial and appendicular

osteomyelitis,


A, F N N N/A NR

52 Westphal (104) 25 NR M NR N Axial osteomyelitis,

cutaneous

A, F N N 2 Died

53 Herron (105) 34 B M NR N Axial osteomyelitis, soft

tissue

A Y Y 0 Survived

54 Woo (106) 63 NR F None Y Cutaneous,

lymphadenitis, soft

tissue (2 or more

locations)

A N N 0 Died

55 Banuelos (59) 45 L M Other

illness

Y Osteomyelitis

(unspecified location),

meninges and CNS


A Y N 1 Died

56 Banuelos (59) 21 W M Other

illness

Y Axial osteomyelitis, CNS


A, F Y N 0 Survived

57 Banuelos (59) 63 W M Other

illness

Y Lymphadenitis,

meninges and CNS

abscess, soft tissue (2

or more locations)

A, F N N 1 Died

58 Olson (107) 27 B M Other

infection

N Axial osteomyelitis, soft

tissue (2 or more

A N N 0 Survived

Odio 26

locations)

59 Olson (107) 27 As M NR Y Appendicular

osteomyelitis,

cutaneous,

lymphadenitis

A, F N Y 1 Survived

60 Oudiz (108) 24 As M Other

illness

Y Lymphadenitis, soft

tissue (2 or more

locations)

None N Y 0 Died

61 Hicks (109) 24 B M None Y Cutaneous,

lymphadenitis, soft

tissue

A, K N N 0 Survived

62 Beard (110) 25 B M None Y Axial osteomyleitis,


A, F N N 0 Survived

63 Lopez (111) 70 NR M NR Y Lymphadenitis, soft

tissue

A N N 0 Died

64 Lopez (111) 65 NR M Other

illness

N Soft tissue (2 or more

locations)

None N N 0 Died

65 Schwartz (112) 71 W M Other

illness

Y Meninges, soft tissue (2

or more locations)

A, F, K N N 1 Survived

66 Chen (113) 28 As M None Y Cutaneous,

lymphadenitis

F N N 1 Survived

67 Jitsukawa

(114)

39 As M Other

illness



I, M N N 2 Survived

68 Ampel (68) 19 W M None Y Blood, Soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

A N N 0 Survived

Odio 27

69 Ampel (68) 23 B M None N Blood, Cutaneous, soft

tissue

A N N 0 Survived

70 Gillespie (115) 1 B M None N Axial and appendicular


A, I, K Y N 0 Survived

71 Weisman (116) 21 W M None N Lymphadenitis, soft

tissue (2 or more

locations)

A, I, K Y Y 2 Survived

72 Parker (70) 37 NR M NR Y Axial osteomyelitis,

cutaneous, meninges

A N N 0 Survived

73 Howard (73) 19 W M None Y Blood, Soft tissue (2 or

more locations)

A N N 0 Survived

74 Meyer (117) 44 W M Other

infection

Y Cutaneous, meninges

and CNS abscess,

lymphadenitis, soft

tissue (2 or more

locations)

A Y Y 4 Died

75 Burch (118) 35 B M None N Axial osteomyelitis,

cutaenous

A N N 1 Death

from other

causes

76 Johnson (119) 39 NR F Other

illness

N Appendicular

osteomyelitis, meninges

and CNS abscess, soft

tissue

A N Y 0 Died

77 Blumenkranz

(120)

57 W M None Y Meninges, soft tissue A, K, M N N 0 Survived

78 Blumenkranz 48 L M Other Y Meninges, soft tissue A, K N N 0 Death

Odio 28

(120) infection/

Other

illness

from other

causes

79 Blumenkranz

(120)

40 Nat

Am

M NR Y Meninges, soft tissue A, M N Y 2 Survived

80 McGahan

(121)

26 B M Other

illness

N Axial osteomyelitis,

cutaneous

A N N 0 Survived

81 McGahan

(121)

21 B M NR Y Axial and appendicular

osteomyelitis,

lymphadenitis, soft

tissue

A, M N N 1 Survived

82 McGahan

(121)

20 L M NR N Axial and appendicular

osteomyelitis,

cutaneous,

lymphadenitis soft tissue

A N N 0 NR

83 McGahan

(121)

62 B M NR N Axial osteomyelitis, soft

tissue

A N N 0 Died

84 Graybill (122) 73 NR F Other

illness



A, K, M N N 2 Death

from other

causes

85 Graybill (122) 28 L M NR Y Axial and appendicular

osteomyelitis,

lymphadenitis,

meninges, soft tissue

A, K, M N N 4 Survived

86 Goldstein (123) 35 W M Other

illness

Y Lymphadenitis,

meninges, soft tissue (2

A N N 0 Died

Odio 29

or more locations)

87 Meyer (124) 51 B M NR N Axial and appendicular

osteomyelitis,

cutaneous, soft tissue (2

or more locations)

A, M N Y 2 Survived

88 Meyer (124) 54 B M NR Y Axial and appendicular


A, M N Y 1 Survived

89 Meyer (124) 52 W M Other

illness

Y Axial and appendicular

osteomyelitis,

cutaneous,

lymphadenitis, meninges

and CNS abscess, soft

tissue (2 or more

locations)

A, M Y Y 0 Death

from other

causes

90 Meyer (124) 54 B M NR Y Axial osteomyelitis,

cutaneous,

lymphadenitis,


A, M N N 3 Died

91 Meyer (124) 34 B M None Y Meninges, soft tissue A, M Y Y 0 Died

92 Danoff (125) 40 NR M Other

illness

Y Cutaneous,

lymphadenitis, meninges

A, M Y N 5 Died

93 Harvey (81) 43 W M NR Y Lymphadenitis, soft

tissue

A Y Y 2 Survived

94 Lee (83) 31 NR M NR Y Axial and appendicular

osteomyelitis, meninges

A, M N N 0 Died

95 Thadepalli 26 B M NR Y Osteomyelitis A Y N 2 Survived

Odio 30

(126) (unspecified location),


96 Armbuster

(127)

33 W M NR Y Axial and appendicular

osteomyelitis,

cutaneous, meninges

A, M N N 0 Survived

97 Armbuster

(127)

30 B M NR Y Axial and appendicular

osteomyelitis,

cutaneous,

lymphadenitis

A N N 0 Survived

98 Kaplan (128) 36 W M Other

infection

N Axial osteomyelitis,

cutaneous,

lymphadenitis

A N N 1 Survived

99 Sung (129) 50 B M None N Axial osteomyelitis,


A, M N Y 1 Survived

100 Winter (130) 27 B M NR Y Axial and appendicular

osteomyelitis, meninges,

soft tissue

A Y N 1 Survived

Odio 31

Supp. Table 6. Demographic information of patients with multi-site disseminated coccidioidomycosis (MDCM)

*Other: Native American (1), Pakistani (1), Not reported (14)

$Time to outcome is days to final follow-up with patients in published reports. It typically represented time from presentation of disseminated coccidioidomycosis symptoms to cure, death, follow-up on

long-term antifungals, or termination of antifungal therapy.

Total Survived Died Death from other

cause

Outcome Not

Reported

Total, n 100 72 18 7 3

Age, years, median (IQR) 33 (23 – 48) 30 (22 - 45) 42 (33 – 62) 42 (35 - 52) 29 (20 – 32)

Gender, Male, n (%) 84 (84) 61 (85) 15 (83) 5 (71) 3 (100)

Race, n (%)

Black 39 (39) 32 (44) 4 (22) 2 (29) 1 (33)

White 17 (17) 12 (17) 4 (22) 1 (14) 0 (0)

Latino 13 (13) 9 (13) 1 (6) 2 (29) 1 (33)

Asian 15 (15) 13 (18) 1 (6) 0 (0) 1 (33)

*Other 16 (16) 6 (8) 8 (44) 2 (29) 0 (0)

Location of Dissemination, n (%)

Pulmonary disease 71 (71) 51 (71) 13 (72) 5 (71) 2 (67)

Osteomyelitis 62 (62) 47 (65) 7 (39) 5 (71) 3 (100)

Axial 31 (31) 23 (32) 3 (17) 4 (57) 1 (33)

Appendicular 4 (4) 3 (4) 1 (6) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Axial/ Appendicular 23 (23) 19 (26) 1 (6) 1 (14) 2 (67)

Unspecified location 4 (4) 2 (3) 2 (11) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Central Nervous System 29 (29) 17 (24) 10 (56) 2 (29) 0 (0)

Odio 32

Meninges 18 (18) 12 (17) 5 (28) 1 (14) 0 (0)

Brain abscess 4 (4) 4 (6) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Meninges and

abscess

7 (7) 1 (1) 5 (28) 1 (14) 0 (0)

Lymphadenitis 34 (34) 24 (33) 8 (44) 1 (14) 1 (33)

Cutaneous lesions 52 (52) 38 (53) 6 (33) 5 (71) 3 (100)

Soft Tissue 66 (66) 43 (60) 14 (78) 6 (86) 3 (100)

2 or more tissues 15 (15) 8 (11) 6 (33) 1 (14) 0 (0)

Blood 6 (6) 5 (7) 1 (6) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Number of antifungals given,

median (IQR)

2 (1 - 2) 2 (1 - 3) 1 (1 - 2) 2 (2 - 2) 2 (1 - 2)

Given 1 yr or more of medication, n

(%)

51 (51) 42 (58) 6 (33) 3 (43) 0 (0)

Surgery, n (%) 21 (21) 15 (21) 5 (28) 1 (14) 0 (0)

Abscess/ fluid drainage, n (%) 21 (21) 15 (21) 5 (28) 1 (14) 0 (0)

Relapse, n (%) 40 (41) 28 (40) 8 (44) 4 (57) 0 (0)

Time to outcome (days)$, median

(IQR)

365 (188 – 730) 365 (270 - 730) 296 (40 – 1186) 480 (210 – 545) N/A

Past medical history, n (%)

No significant history 45 (45) 38 (53) 4 (22) 1 (14) 2 (66)

Other Infection 6 (6) 4 (6) 1 (6) 1 (14) 0 (0)

Other Illness 24 (24) 13 (18) 8 (44) 3 (43) 0 (0)

Odio 33

Other infection/ other

Illness

2 (2) 0 (0) 0 (0) 2 (29) 0 (0)

Not Reported 23 (23) 17 (24) 5 (28) 0 (0) 1 (33)

Supp. Table 7: Location of coccidioidomycosis dissemination in each racial group in patients with multi-site disseminated coccidioidomycosis (MDCM)

*Other: Native American (1), Pakistani (1), Not reported (14)


Total, n 100 39 17 13 15 16

Pulmonary disease 71 (71) 25 (64) 15 (88) 10 (77) 11 (73) 10 (63)

Osteomyelitis 62 (62) 32 (82) 5 (29) 9 (69) 9 (60) 7 (44)

Axial 31 (31) 16 (41) 2 (12) 4 (31) 4 (27) 5 (31)

Appendicular 4 (4) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (8) 2 (13) 1 (6)

Axial/ Appendicular 23 (23) 14 (36) 3 (18) 3 (23) 2 (13) 1 (6)

Unspecified

location

4 (4) 2 (5) 0 (0) 1 (8) 1 (7) 0 (0)

Central Nervous System 29 (29) 5 (13) 10 (59) 5 (38) 2 (13) 7 (44)

Meninges 18 (18) 4 (10) 5 (29) 4 (31) 1 (7) 4 (25)

Odio 34

Brain abscess 4 (4) 1 (3) 2 (12) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (6)

Meninges and

abscess

7 (7) 0 (0) 3 (18) 1 (8) 1 (7) 2 (13)

Lymphadenitis 34 (34) 8 (21) 7 (41) 5 (38) 8 (53) 6 (38)


Soft Tissue 66 (66) 28 (72) 12 (71) 8 (62) 8 (53) 10 (63)

2 or more tissues 15 (15) 3 (8) 8 (47) 1 (8) 1 (7) 2 (13)

Blood 6 (6) 2 (5) 4 (24) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Supp. Table 8. Patients with single site disseminated coccidioidomycosis (SDCM).

Case No. First Author Age (Y) Race Gender Location of Dissemination Final Outcome

1 Arora (131) 44 Black Male Axial osteomyelitis Survived

2 Kumar (132) 68 NR Male Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived

3 Newlon (133) 45 Black Male Cutaneous Survived

4 Evans (134) 36 Black Male Soft tissue Survived

5 Reach (135) 28 Black Female Axial osteomyelitis Survived

6 Gaidici (136) 37 NR Female Lymphadenitis Survived

7 Crum-Cianflone (92) 61 Asian Male Soft tissue Survived

8 Park (137) 31 Asian Male Cutaneous Survived

Odio 35

9 Hwang (138) 53 White Male Meningitis Survived

10 Chuang (139) 34 Asian Male Cutaneous Survived

11 Sohail (45) 61 NR Male Soft tissue Survived




15 Snyder (140) 66 White Female Meningitis Survived

16 Rodriguez (141) 56 Latino Male Soft tissue Survived

17 Crum (29) 25 Asian Male Cutaneous Survived

18 Crum (29) 17 Black Male Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived

19 Crum (29) 75 Black Male Axial osteomyelitis Survived


21 Crum (29) 47 Asian Male Soft tissue Survived

22 Crum (29) 27 Black Male Cutaneous Survived

23 Crum (29) 66 Asian Female Meningitis Survived

24 Crum (29) 20 White Male Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived



27 Crum (29) 23 Black Female Axial osteomyelitis Survived


29 Crum (29) 32 White Male Cutaneous Survived

Odio 36

30 Crum (29) 54 Asian Male Soft tissue Survived

31 Crum (29) 56 Asian Female Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived

32 Crum (29) 66 White Female Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived

33 Crum (29) 40 Asian Male Meningitis Survived

34 Crum (29) 26 White Male Meningitis Survived


36 Crum (29) 52 Asian Male Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived

37 Crum (29) 22 Asian Female Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived





42 Crum (29) 22 NR Male Meningitis Survived


44 Crum (29) 52 Asian Male Lymphadenitis Survived

45 Crum (29) 10 Black Female Soft tissue Survived

46 Crum (29) 51 Black Male Soft tissue Survived


48 Crum (29) 35 Latino Male Cutaneous Survived

49 Crum (29) 1 Black Female Axial osteomyelitis Survived



Odio 37




55 Crum (29) 40 NR Male Soft tissue Survived

56 Crum (29) 49 Native American Female Axial osteomyelitis Survived

57 Crum (29) 62 Black Male Soft tissue Survived

58 Crum (29) 35 White Female Meningitis Survived



61 Crum (29) 23 NR Male Axial osteomyelitis Survived

62 Werle (142) 50 Latino Male Axial osteomyelitis Survived

63 Reuss (143) 40 White Male Soft tissue Died of other causes

64 Truett (144) 65 Black Male Soft tissue Survived

65 Truett (144) 53 White Male Soft tissue Survived

66 Arnold (98) 11 Asian Female Soft tissue Survived




70

Buchmiller-Crair

(146)

36 Black Male Soft tissue Survived

71 Kim (147) 50 White Male Cutaneous Survived

72 Rance (148) 78 White Male Cutaneous Survived

73 Shibili (149) 23 Black Male Axial osteomyelitis Survived

Odio 38

74 Nakamura (150) 28 Asian Male Axial osteomyelitis Survived

75 Holley (101) 21 NR Female Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived

76 Holley (101) 27 NR Male Axial osteomyelitis Survived

77 Holley (101) 69 NR Female Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived


79 Holley (101) 35 NR Male Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived





84 Holley (101) 30 NR Female Axial osteomyelitis Died of other causes


86 Robertson (151) 48 Black Male Soft tissue Survived

87 Faul (152) 20 NR Male Soft tissue Survived

88 Olivere (153) 35 White Male Soft tissue Survived

89 Smilack (58) 78 NR Male Soft tissue Survived

90 Herron (105) 27 White Male Axial osteomyelitis Survived

91 Herron (105) 45 Black Male Axial osteomyelitis Survived

92 Herron (105) 51 White Female Axial osteomyelitis Survived



Odio 39





99 Herron (105) 62 Native American Male Axial osteomyelitis Survived




103 Banuelos (59) 36 Latino Male Meningitis Survived

104 Banuelos (59) 42 Asian Male Meningitis Survived

105 Low (154) 4 NR Female Axial osteomyelitis Survived

106 Olson (107) 24 Black Male Axial osteomyelitis Survived

107 Cardone (155) 27 Latino Male Cutaneous Survived

108 Cardone (155) 53 White Female Cutaneous Survived

109 Harley (156) 23 Black Male Cutaneous Survived

110 Bickel (157) 0 Latino Male Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived

111 Kohn (158) 33 White Male Meningitis Survived

112 Sherman (159) 22 Black Female Axial osteomyelitis Died of other causes

113 Boyle (160) 40 White Female Lymphadenitis Survived

114 Sprinkle (161) 60 Latino Male Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived

115 Kuntze (162) 34 White Male Soft tissue Survived

116 Dudley (163) 21 NR Female Soft tissue Survived

Odio 40

117 Dudley (163) 13 NR Female Soft tissue Survived

118 Golden (164) 0 Latino Male Soft tissue Survived

119 Dickinson (165) 34 Latino Male Cutaneous Survived

120 Moreno (166) 22 White Male Cutaneous Survived

121 Schwartz (167) 83 Black Male Cutaneous Survived

122 Davidson (168) 66 NR Male Soft tissue Survived

123 Parker (169) 25 White Female Soft tissue Survived

124 Blumenkranz (120) 24 White Male Soft tissue Survived

125 Graybill (122) 24 Black Male Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived

126 Sung (170) 62 Latino Male Soft tissue Survived

127 Igo (171) 47 White Male Axial osteomyelitis Survived

128 Meyer (124) 45 Black Male Meningitis Survived

129 Meyer (124) 57 White Male Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived

130 Lee (83) 17 NR Male Lymphadenitis Died

131 Armbuster (127) 27 Latino Male Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived

132 Armbuster (127) 41 White Male Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived

133 Armbuster (127) 61 Asian Male Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived

134 Turner (172) 37 Black Male Soft tissue Survived

135 Ward (173) 0 Latino Male Soft tissue Survived

136 Winter (130) 49 Asian Male Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived

137 Winter (130) 22 White Male Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived

138 Winter (130) 2 NR Male Appendicular osteomyelitis Survived

Odio 41

139 Zeller (174) 43 Black Male Cutaneous Survived

Supp. Table 9. Demographic information of patients with single site disseminated coccidioidomycosis (SDCM).

*Other: Not reported (28), Native American (2)

Total Survived Died Death from other cause

Total, n (%) 139 135 (97) 1 (1) 3 (2)

Odio 42

Age, years, median (IQR) 36 (24 – 52) 36 (25 – 53) 17 30 (22 – 40)

Gender, Male, n (%) 115 (83) 113 (84) 1 (100) 1 (33)

Race, n (%)

Black 44 (32) 43 (32) 0 (0) 1 (33)

White 29 (21) 28 (21) 0 (0) 1 (33)

Asian 24 (17) 24 (18) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Latino 12 (9) 12 (9) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Other* 30 (22) 28 (21) 1 (100) 1 (33)

Site of dissemination, n (%)

Osteomyelitis 69 (50) 67 (50) 0(0) 2 (67)

Axial 38 (27) 36 (27) 0 (0) 2 (67)

Appendicular 31 (22) 31 (23) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Meningitis 13 (9) 13 (10) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Lymphadenitis 4 (3) 3 (2) 1 (100) 0 (0)

Cutaneous 21 (15) 21 (16) 0 (0) 0 (0)

Soft tissue 32 (23) 31 (23) 0 (0) 1 (33)

Year Published, n (%)

2000 - 2012 85 (61) 83 (61) 0 (0) 2 (67)

1990 - 1999 28 (20) 27 (20) 0 (0) 1 (33)

1980 - 1989 12 (9) 12 (9) 0 (0) 0 (0)

1970 - 1979 14 (10) 13 (10) 1 (100) 0 (0)

Odio 43

Supp. Table 10. Location of coccidioidomycosis dissemination by racial group in patients with single-site disseminated coccidioidomycosis (SDCM).



Total, n 139 44 29 12 24 30

Osteomyelitis 69 (50) 28 (64) 12 (41) 4 (33) 8 (33) 17 (57)

Axial 38 (28) 22 (50) 5 (17) 1 (8) 1 (4) 9 (30)

Appendicular 31 (22) 6 (14) 7 (24) 3 (25) 7 (29) 8 (27)

Meningitis 13 (9) 1 (2) 5 (17) 1 (8) 5 (21) 1 (3)

Lymphadenitis 4 (3) 0 (0) 1 (3) 0 (0) 1 (4) 2 (6)


Soft Tissue 32 (23) 8 (18) 6 (21) 4 (33) 4 (17) 10 (33)

Odio 44

References

1. MENDENHALL JC, BLACK WC, POTTZ GE. Progressive (disseminated) coccidioidomycosis during pregnancy. Rocky Mt Med J. 1948;45(6):472–6.

2. SMALE LE, BIRSNER JW. Maternal deaths from coccidioidomycosis. J Am Med Assoc. 1949;140(14):1152–4.

3. Conan J, Hyman GA. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Treatment with protoanemonin. Am J Med. 1950;9(3):408–13.

4. J.E. Vaughn, H. Rameriz. Coccidioidomycosis as a complication of pregnancy. Calif Med. 1951;74.

5. COHEN R. Placental coccidioides; proof that congenital coccidioides is nonexistent. Arch Pediatr. 1951;68(2):59–66.

6. Baker RL. Pregnancy complicated by coccidioidomycosis: report of two cases. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1955;70(5):1033–8.

7. Harrison HN. Fatal maternal coccidioidomycosis. A case report and review of sixteen cases from the literature. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1958;75(4):813–20.

8. Mongan ES. Acute disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Am J Med. 1958;24(5):820–2.

9. Harris RE. Coccidioidomycosis complicating pregnancy: Report of 3 cases and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol. 1966;28(3):401–5.

10. Hadsall FJ, Acquarelli MJ. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis presenting as facial granulomas in pregnancy: A report of two cases and a review of the literature. Laryngoscope. 1973;83(1):51–8.

11. Purtilo DT. Opportunistic mycotic infections in pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1975;122(5):607–10.

12. VanBergen WS, Fleury FJ, Cheatle EL. Fatal maternal disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a nonendemic area. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1976 Mar 15;124(6):661–3.

13. Steele RW, Sieger BE, McNitt TR, Gentry LO, Moore WL Jr. Therapy for disseminated coccidioidomycosis with transfer factor from a related donor. Am J Med. 1976 Aug;61(2):283–6.

14. Shafai T. Neonatal Coccidioidomycosis in Premature Twins. Am J Dis Child. 1978;132(6):634.

15. M.A. MaCaffree, G. Ashuler, K. Benirschlke. Placental coccidioidomycosis without fetal disease. Arch Path Lab Med. 1978;102:512–4.

16. Bernstein DI, Tipton JR, Schott SF, Cherry JD. Coccidioidomycosis in a neonate; maternal-infant transmission. J Pediatr. 1981;99(5):752–4.

17. Salgia K, Bhatia L, Rajashekaraiah KR, Zangan M, Hariharan S, Kallick CA. Coccidioidomycosis of the Uterus. South Med J. 1982;75(5):614–6.

18. Wack EE, Ampel NM, Galgiani JN, Bronnimann DA. Coccidioidomycosis during pregnancy. An analysis of ten cases among 47,120 pregnancies. Chest. 1988 Aug;94(2):376–9.

19. Babycos PB, Hoda SA. A fatal case of disseminated coccidioidomycosis in Louisiana. J La State Med Soc Off Organ La State Med Soc. 1990 Aug;142(8):24–7.

20. Lee BE, Feinberg M, Abraham JJ, Murthy ARK. Congenital malformations in an infant born to a woman treated with fluconazole. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1992;11(12):1062–4.

21. Pursley TJ, Blomquist IK, Abraham J, Andersen HF, Bartley JA. Fluconazole-induced congenital anomalies in three infants. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;22(2):336–40.

22. Aleck KA, Bartley DL. Multiple malformation syndrome following fluconazole use in pregnancy: Report of an additional patient. Am J Med Genet. 1997;72(3):253–6.

23. Charlton V, Ramsdell K, Sehring S. Intrauterine transmission of coccidioidomycosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1999;18(6):561–3.

Odio 45

24. Crum NF, Ballon-Landa G. Coccidioidomycosis in pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. Am J Med. 2006 Nov;119(11):993.e11–7.

25. Arnold CA, Rakheja D, Arnold MA, Peters JM, Fernandes NJ, Quintanilla NM, et al. Unsuspected, disseminated coccidioidomycosis without maternofetal morbidity diagnosed by placental examination: case report and review of the literature. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2008 Jun 1;46(11):e119–23.

26. Hooper JE, Lu Q, Pepkowitz SH. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis in pregnancy. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007 Apr;131(4):652–5.

27. Anstead GM, Corcoran G, Lewis J, Berg D, Graybill JR. Refractory coccidioidomycosis treated with posaconazole. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2005 Jun 15;40(12):1770–6.

28. Cunningham ET Jr, Seiff SR, Berger TG, Lizotte PE, Howes EL Jr, Horton JC. Intraocular coccidioidomycosis diagnosed by skin biopsy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998 May;116(5):674–7.

29. Crum NF, Lederman ER, Stafford CM, Parrish JS, Wallace MR. Coccidioidomycosis: a descriptive survey of a reemerging disease. Clinical characteristics and current controversies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2004 May;83(3):149–75.

30. Calderón Garcidueñas AL, Piña Osuna K, Cerda Flores RM. [A clinical and pathological study of coccidioidomycosis and pregnancy in four Mexican women]. Ginecol Obstet México. 2004 Sep;72:450–4.

31. Peterson CM, Schuppert K, Kelly PC, Pappagianis D. Coccidioidomycosis and pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1993 Mar;48(3):149–56.

32. Bravo R, Pelayo-Katsanis LO, Shehab ZM, Katsanis E. Diagnostic and treatment challenges for the pediatric hematologist oncologist in endemic areas for coccidioidomycosis. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2012 Jul;34(5):389–94.

33. Blodget E, Geiseler PJ, Larsen RA, Stapfer M, Qazi Y, Petrovic LM. Donor-derived Coccidioides immitis fungemia in solid organ transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis Off J Transplant Soc. 2012 Jun;14(3):305–10.

34. Dierberg KL, Marr KA, Subramanian A, Nace H, Desai N, Locke JE, et al. Donor-derived organ transplant transmission of coccidioidomycosis. Transpl Infect Dis Off J Transplant Soc. 2012 Jun;14(3):300–4.

35. Keckich DW, Blair JE, Vikram HR, Seville MT, Kusne S. Reactivation of coccidioidomycosis despite antifungal prophylaxis in solid organ transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2011 Jul 15;92(1):88–93.

36. Kokseng SL, Blair JE. Successful kidney transplantation after coccidioidal meningitis. Transpl Infect Dis Off J Transplant Soc. 2011 Jun;13(3):285–9.

37. Mitter SS, Derhovanessian A, Hillman JD, Uslan DZ. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a patient managed with adalimumab for Crohn’s disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Apr;7(4):231–5.

38. Carvalho C, Ferreira I, Gaião S, Guimarães S, Costa R, Santos J, et al. Cerebral coccidioidomycosis after renal transplantation in a non-endemic area. Transpl Infect Dis Off J Transplant Soc. 2010 Apr;12(2):151–4.

39. Keckich DW, Blair JE, Vikram HR. Coccidioides fungemia in six patients, with a review of the literature. Mycopathologia. 2010 Aug;170(2):107–15.

40. Trentman TL, Hoxworth JM, Kusne S, Torloni AS, Patel NP, Rosenfeld DM. Allogeneic epidural blood patch in the setting of persistent spinal headache and disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Pain Physician. 2009 Jun;12(3):639–43.

41. Wollina U, Hansel G, Vennewald I, Schönlebe J, Tintelnot K, Seibold M, et al. Successful treatment of relapsing disseminated coccidioidomycosis with cutaneous involvement with posaconazole. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges J Ger Soc Dermatol JDDG. 2009 Jan;7(1):46–9.

42. Stagliano D, Epstein J, Hickey P. Fomite-transmitted coccidioidomycosis in an immunocompromised child. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007 May;26(5):454–6.

Odio 46

43. Kappel ST, Wu JJ, Hillman JD, Linden KG. Histopathologic findings of disseminated coccidioidomycosis with hyphae. Arch Dermatol. 2007 Apr;143(4):548–9.

44. Assi MA, Binnicker MJ, Wengenack NL, Deziel PJ, Badley AD. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a liver transplant recipient with negative serology: use of polymerase chain reaction. Liver Transplant Off Publ Am Assoc Study Liver Dis Int Liver Transplant Soc. 2006 Aug;12(8):1290–2.

45. Sohail MR, Andrews PE, Blair JE. Coccidioidomycosis of the male genital tract. J Urol. 2005 Jun;173(6):1978–82.

46. Ugurlu S, de Alba Campomanes AG, Naseri A, Blair JE, McLeish WM. Coccidioidomycosis of the eyelid. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005 Mar;21(2):157–9.

47. Wang C-Y, Jerng J-S, Ko J-C, Lin M-F, Hsiao C-H, Lee L-N, et al. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Jan;11(1):177–9.

48. Glenn TJ, Blair JE, Adams RH. Coccidioidomycosis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Med Mycol. 2005 Dec;43(8):705–10.

49. Blair JE. Coccidioidal pneumonia, arthritis, and soft-tissue infection after kidney transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis Off J Transplant Soc. 2004 Jun;6(2):74–6.

50. Lewicky YM, Roberto RF, Curtin SL. The unique complications of coccidioidomycosis of the spine: a detailed time line of disease progression and suppression. Spine. 2004 Oct 1;29(19):E435–41.

51. Miller MB, Hendren R, Gilligan PH. Posttransplantation disseminated coccidioidomycosis acquired from donor lungs. J Clin Microbiol. 2004 May;42(5):2347–9.

52. Kuberski TT, Servi RJ, Rubin PJ. Successful treatment of a critically ill patient with disseminated coccidioidomycosis, using adjunctive interferon-gamma. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2004 Mar 15;38(6):910–2.

53. Antony S, Dominguez DC, Sotelo E. Use of liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. J Natl Med Assoc. 2003 Oct;95(10):982–5.

54. Wright PW, Pappagianis D, Wilson M, Louro A, Moser SA, Komatsu K, et al. Donor-related coccidioidomycosis in organ transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2003 Nov 1;37(9):1265–9.

55. Yorgin PD, Rewari M, al-Uzri AY, Theodorou AA, Scott KM, Barton LL. Coccidioidomycosis in adolescents with lupus nephritis. Pediatr Nephrol Berl Ger. 2001 Jan;16(1):77–81.

56. Fishco WD, Blocher KS. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis masquerading as tendinitis. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2000 Dec;90(10):508–11.

57. Erly WK, Labadie E, Williams PL, Lee DM, Carmody RF, Seeger JF. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis complicated by vasculitis: a cause of fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage in two cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999 Oct;20(9):1605–8.

58. Smilack JD, Argueta R. Coccidioidal infection of the thyroid. Arch Intern Med. 1998 Jan 12;158(1):89–92.

59. Bañuelos AF, Williams PL, Johnson RH, Bibi S, Fredricks DN, Gilroy SA, et al. Central nervous system abscesses due to Coccidioides species. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 1996 Feb;22(2):240–50.

60. Wagner JA, Keer H, Fredricks DN. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis diagnosed by culture of a central venous catheter tip. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 1996 Jan;22(1):180–1.

61. Mischel PS, Vinters HV. Coccidioidomycosis of the central nervous system: neuropathological and vasculopathic manifestations and clinical correlates. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 1995 Feb;20(2):400–5.

62. Gold WL, Campbell I, Vellend H. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a Canadian patient with chronic HIV infection--Ontario. Can Commun Dis Rep Relevé Mal Transm Au Can. 1992 Oct 16;18(19):149–50.

63. Zar FA, Fernandez M. Failure of ketoconazole maintenance therapy for disseminated coccidioidomycosis in AIDS. J Infect Dis. 1991 Oct;164(4):824–5.

Odio 47

64. Dodd LG, Nelson SD. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis detected by percutaneous liver biopsy in a liver transplant recipient. Am J Clin Pathol. 1990 Jan;93(1):141–4.

65. Byrne WR, Dietrich RA. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis with peritonitis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Prolonged survival associated with positive skin test reactivity to coccidioidin. Arch Intern Med. 1989 Apr;149(4):947–8.

66. Prichard JG, Sorotzkin RA, James RE 3rd. Cutaneous manifestations of disseminated coccidioidomycosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cutis. 1987 Mar;39(3):203–5.

67. Vartivarian SE, Coudron PE, Markowitz SM. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Unusual manifestations in a cardiac transplantation patient. Am J Med. 1987 Nov;83(5):949–52.

68. Ampel NM, Ryan KJ, Carry PJ, Wieden MA, Schifman RB. Fungemia due to Coccidioides immitis. An analysis of 16 episodes in 15 patients and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 1986 Sep;65(5):312–21.

69. Wolf JE, Little JR, Pappagianis D, Kobayashi GS. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1986 Nov;5(4):331–6.

70. Parker MS, Dokoh S, Woolfenden JM, Buchsbaum HW. Hypercalcemia in coccidioidomycosis. Am J Med. 1984 Feb;76(2):341–4.

71. Abrams DI, Robia M, Blumenfeld W, Simonson J, Cohen MB, Hadley WK. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis in AIDS. N Engl J Med. 1984 Apr 12;310(15):986–7.

72. Kovacs A, Forthal DN, Kovacs JA, Overturf GD. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. West J Med. 1984 Mar;140(3):447–9.

73. Howard PF, Smith JW. Diagnosis of disseminated coccidioidomycosis by liver biopsy. Arch Intern Med. 1983 Jul;143(7):1335–8.

74. Brewer JH, Parrott CL, Rimland D. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a heart transplant recipient. Sabouraudia. 1982 Dec;20(4):261–5.

75. MacDonald N, Steinhoff MC, Powell KR. Review of coccidioidomycosis in immunocompromised children. Am J Dis Child 1960. 1981 Jun;135(6):553–6.

76. Allen WG, Olsen GN, Yergin BM. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis with respiratory failure presenting in Florida. J Fla Med Assoc. 1981 May;68(5):365–8.

77. Gardner S, Seilheimer D, Catlin F, Anderson DC, Hernried L. Supglottic coccidioidomycosis presenting with persistent stridor. Pediatrics. 1980 Oct;66(4):623–5.

78. Kaplan JE, Zoschke D, Kisch AL. Withdrawal of immunosuppresive agents in the treatment of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Am J Med. 1980 Apr;68(4):624–8.

79. Davis SJ, Donovan WH. Combined intravenous miconazole and intrathecal amphotericin B for treatment of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Chest. 1979 Aug;76(2):235–6.

80. Halpern AA, Rinsky LA, Fountain S, Nagel DA. Coccidioidomycosis of the spine: unusual roentgenographic presentation. Clin Orthop. 1979 May;(140):78–9.

81. Harvey RP, Pappagianis D, Cochran J, Stevens DA. Otomycosis due to coccidioidomycosis. Arch Intern Med. 1978 Sep;138(9):1434–5.

82. Schröter GP, Bakshandeh K, Husberg BS, Well R 3rd. Coccidioidomycosis and renal transplantation. Transplantation. 1977 Jun;23(6):485–9.

83. Lee JC, Catanzaro A, Parthemore JG, Roach B, Deftos LJ. Hypercalcemia in disseminated coccidioidomycosis. N Engl J Med. 1977 Aug 25;297(8):431–3.

84. Krulig L, Jacobs PH, Loeffel D. Pemphigus vulgaris and disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Sabouraudia. 1976 Mar;14(1):5–9.

85. Deresinski SC, Stevens DA. Coccidioidomycosis in compromised hosts. Experience at Stanford University Hospital. Medicine (Baltimore). 1975 Sep;54(5):377–95.

86. Fierer J, Burton DW, Haghighi P, Deftos LJ. Hypercalcemia in disseminated coccidioidomycosis: expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide is characteristic of granulomatous inflammation. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2012 Oct;55(7):e61–6.

Odio 48

87. Duplessis CA, Tilley D, Bavaro M, Hale B, Holland SM. Two cases illustrating successful adjunctive interferon-γ immunotherapy in refractory disseminated coccidioidomycosis. J Infect. 2011 Sep;63(3):223–8.

88. Silva-Hernández AG, Barbachano-Rodríguez E, Alanís-Miranda PA, del Rocío González-Martínez M, Portales-Castanedo A. [Tuberculosis and coccidiodomycosis in two patients without immune acquired deficiency]. Rev Médica Inst Mex Seguro Soc. 2010 Aug;48(4):447–52.

89. Kwok HKH, Chan JWM, Li IWS, Chu SYY, Lam CW. Coccidioidomycosis as a rare cause of pneumonia in non-endemic areas: a short exposure history should not be ignored. Respirol Carlton Vic. 2009 May;14(4):617–20.

90. Wilde GE, Emery C, Lally JF. Radiological reasoning: miliary disease, vertebral osteomyelitis, and soft-tissue abscesses. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008 Mar;190(3 Suppl):S11–7.

91. Nolt JD, Geertsma FR. Deep solitary brain mass in a four-month-old male with disseminated coccidioidomycosis: case report. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Sep;1111:385–94.

92. Crum-Cianflone NF, Truett AA, Teneza-Mora N, Maves RC, Chun HM, Bavaro MF, et al. Unusual presentations of coccidioidomycosis: a case series and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2006 Sep;85(5):263–77.

93. Rosendahl M, Kvinesdal B. Coccidioidomycosis with cerebral and cerebellar granulomas. Scand J Infect Dis. 2006;38(6-7):532–3.

94. Crum NF. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis with cutaneous lesions clinically mimicking mycosis fungoides. Int J Dermatol. 2005 Nov;44(11):958–60.

95. La Via WV, Koulouri S, Ross LA, Quiros JA, Mason WH. Right atrial mass in a child with disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005 May;24(5):470–2.

96. Biller JA, Scheuller MC, Eisele DW. Coccidioidomycosis causing massive cervical lymphadenopathy. The Laryngoscope. 2004 Nov;114(11):1892–4.

97. Prabhu RM, Bonnell M, Currier BL, Orenstein R. Successful treatment of disseminated nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis with voriconazole. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2004 Oct 1;39(7):e74–7.

98. Arnold MG, Arnold JC, Bloom DC, Brewster DF, Thiringer JK. Head and neck manifestations of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. The Laryngoscope. 2004 Apr;114(4):747–52.

99. Baddley JW, Cobbs CS, Pappas PG. Surgical treatment of multiple skull abscesses associated with coccidioidomycosis. Mycoses. 2004 Feb;47(1-2):69–71.

100. Danaher PJ, Cao MK, Anstead GM, Dolan MJ, DeWitt CC. Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy related to amphotericin B therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004 Jan;53(1):115–7.

101. Holley K, Muldoon M, Tasker S. Coccidioides immitis osteomyelitis: a case series review. Orthopedics. 2002 Aug;25(8):827–31, 831–2.

102. Polesky A, Kirsch CM, Snyder LS, LoBue P, Kagawa FT, Dykstra BJ, et al. Airway coccidioidomycosis--report of cases and review. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 1999 Jun;28(6):1273–80.

103. Koehler AP, Cheng AF, Chu KC, Chan CH, Ho AS, Lyon DJ. Successful treatment of disseminated coccidioidomycosis with amphotericin B lipid complex. J Infect. 1998 Jan;36(1):113–5.

104. Westphal SA. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis associated with hypercalcemia. Mayo Clin Proc. 1998 Sep;73(9):893–4.

105. Herron LD, Kissel P, Smilovitz D. Treatment of coccidioidal spinal infection: experience in 16 cases. J Spinal Disord. 1997 Jun;10(3):215–22.

106. Woo JH, Lee JS, Lee DW, Jin SY, Kim DW, Lee WG. A case of disseminated coccidioidomycosis--autopsy report. J Korean Med Sci. 1996 Jun;11(3):258–64.

107. Olson PE, Bone WD, LaBarre RC, Martin CR, Utz GC, Miller LK, et al. Coccidioidomycosis in California: regional outbreak, global diagnostic challenge. Mil Med. 1995 Jun;160(6):304–8.

Odio 49

108. Oudiz R, Mahaisavariya P, Peng SK, Shane-Yospur L, Smith C, Baumgartner F, et al. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis with rapid progression to effusive-constrictive pericarditis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr Off Publ Am Soc Echocardiogr. 1995 Dec;8(6):947–52.

109. Hicks MJ, Green LK, Clarridge J. Primary diagnosis of disseminated coccidioidomycosis by fine needle aspiration of a neck mass. A case report. Acta Cytol. 1994 Jun;38(3):422–6.

110. Beard JS, Benson PM, Skillman L. Rapid diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis with a DNA probe to ribosomal RNA. Arch Dermatol. 1993 Dec;129(12):1589–93.

111. Lopez AM, Williams PL, Ampel NM. Acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis mimicking bacterial pneumonia and septic shock: a report of two cases. Am J Med. 1993 Aug;95(2):236–9.

112. Schwartz DN, Fihn SD, Miller RA. Infection of an arterial prosthesis as the presenting manifestation of disseminated coccidioidomycosis: control of disease with fluconazole. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 1993 Apr;16(4):486–8.

113. Chen CH, Shih JF, Hsu YT, Perng RP. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis with lung, skin and lymph node involvement: report of a case. J Formos Med Assoc Taiwan Yi Zhi. 1991 Aug;90(8):788–92.

114. Jitsukawa K, Sato S, Hayashi Y, Yamao H, Anzai T. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis. J Dermatol. 1990 Feb;17(2):120–6.

115. Gillespie R. Treatment of cranial osteomyelitis from disseminated coccidioidomycosis. West J Med. 1986 Nov;145(5):694–7.

116. Weisman IM, Moreno AJ, Parker AL, Sippo WC, Liles WJ. Gastrointestinal dissemination of coccidioidomycosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1986 Jul;81(7):589–93.

117. Meyer PR, Hui AN, Biddle M. Coccidioides immitis meningitis with arthroconidia in cerebrospinal fluid: report of the first case and review of the arthroconidia literature. Hum Pathol. 1982 Dec;13(12):1136–8.

118. Burch WM, Snyderman R. Induction of cellular immunity to Coccidioides immitis after sensitization with dinitrochlorobenzene. Ann Intern Med. 1982 Mar;96(3):329–31.

119. Johnson WM. Fatal disseminated coccidioidomycosis following an intestinal bypass operation for obesity. West J Med. 1981 Oct;135(4):324–6.

120. Blumenkranz MS, Stevens DA. Endogenous coccidioidal endophthalmitis. Ophthalmology. 1980 Oct;87(10):974–84.

121. McGahan JP, Graves DS, Palmer PE. Coccidioidal spondylitis: usual and unusual radiographic manifestations. Radiology. 1980 Jul;136(1):5–9.

122. Graybill JR, Lundberg D, Donovan W, Levine HB, Rodriguez MD, Drutz DJ. Treatment of coccidioidomycosis with ketoconazole: clinical and laboratory studies of 18 patients. Rev Infect Dis. 1980 Aug;2(4):661–73.

123. Goldstein E. Miliary and disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Ann Intern Med. 1978 Sep;89(3):365–6.

124. Meyer RD, Sattler FR, Linné SR, Ruskin J. Miconazole for treatment of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Unfavorable experience. Chest. 1978 Jun;73(6):825–31.

125. Danoff D, Munk ZM, Case B, Finlayson M, Gold P. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis: clinical, immunologic and therapeutic aspects. Can Med Assoc J. 1978 Feb 18;118(4):390–2.

126. Thadepalli H, Salem FA, Mandal AK, Rambhatla K, Einstein HE. Pulmonary mycetoma due to Coccidioides immitis. Chest. 1977 Mar;71(3):429–30.

127. Armbuster TG, Goergen TG, Resnick D, Catanzaro A. Utility of bone scanning in disseminated coccidioidomycosis: case report. J Nucl Med Off Publ Soc Nucl Med. 1977 May;18(5):450–4.

128. Kaplan P, Graybill JR, Thor D. Disseminated histoplasmosis followed by disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Chest. 1977 Aug;72(2):238–41.

129. Sung JP. Treatment of disseminated coccidioidomycosis with miconazole. West J Med. 1976 Jan;124(1):61–4.

Odio 50

130. Winter WG Jr, Larson RK, Honeggar MM, Jacobsen DT, Pappagianis D, Huntington RW Jr. Coccidioidal arthritis and its treatment -- 1975. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1975 Dec;57(8):1152–7.

131. Arora NP, Taneja V, ReyesSacin C, Bhanot R, Natesan SK. Coccidioidomycosis masquerading as malignancy. BMJ Case Rep. 2012;2012.

132. Kumar KSS, Narasimhan A, Gopalakrishnan R, Geetha N, Thirunarayanan MA, Suryanarayanan P. Coccidioidomycosis in Chennai. J Assoc Physicians India. 2011 Feb;59:122–4.

133. Newlon HR, Lambiase MC. Disseminated cutaneous coccidioidomycosis masquerading as lupus pernio. Cutis. 2010 Jul;86(1):25–8.

134. Evans K, Calhoun RF, Black H, Cooke DT. Disseminated primary coccidioidomycosis of the chest wall. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2010 Nov;140(5):e78–9.

135. Reach P, Paugam A, Kahan A, Allanore Y, Wipff J. Coccidioidomycosis of the spine in an immunocompetent patient. Jt Bone Spine Rev Rhum. 2010 Dec;77(6):611–3.

136. Gaidici A, Saubolle MA. Transmission of coccidioidomycosis to a human via a cat bite. J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Feb;47(2):505–6.

137. Park DW, Sohn JW, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ, Kim MJ, Kim JH, et al. Combination therapy of disseminated coccidioidomycosis with caspofungin and fluconazole. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:26.

138. Hwang JM, Pian D. Iritis presumed as secondary to disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Optom St Louis Mo. 2006 Nov;77(11):547–53.

139. Chuang A, Thomas R, Hoffman RS. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis in an immunocompetent person living in New York City. J Urban Health Bull N Y Acad Med. 2005 Jun;82(2):339–45.

140. Snyder CH. Coccidioidal meningitis presenting as memory loss. J Am Acad Nurse Pract. 2005 May;17(5):181–6.

141. Rodriguez RA, Konia T. Coccidioidomycosis of the tongue. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2005 Jan;129(1):e4–6.

142. Werle J, Goodman S. Chronic coccidioidomycosis infection of the knee: a case report. Am J Orthop Belle Mead NJ. 2004 Aug;33(8):409–11.

143. Reuss CS, Hall MC, Blair JE, Yeo T, Leslie KO. Endocarditis caused by Coccidioides species. Mayo Clin Proc Mayo Clin. 2004 Nov;79(11):1451–4.

144. Truett AA, Crum NF. Coccidioidomycosis of the prostate gland: two cases and a review of the literature. South Med J. 2004 Apr;97(4):419–22.

145. Crum NF, Lederman ER, Hale BR, Lim ML, Wallace MR. A cluster of disseminated coccidioidomycosis cases at a US military hospital. Mil Med. 2003 Jun;168(6):460–4.

146. Buchmiller-Crair TL. Initial presentation of coccidioidomycosis during inguinal herniorrhaphy. Hernia J Hernias Abdom Wall Surg. 2003 Jun;7(2):92–4.

147. Kim A, Parker SS. Coccidioidomycosis: case report and update on diagnosis and management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002 May;46(5):743–7.

148. Rance BR, Elston DM. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis discovered during routine skin cancer screening. Cutis. 2002 Jul;70(1):70–2.

149. Shibli M, Ghassibi J, Hajal R, O’Sullivan M. Adjunctive corticosteroids therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome owing to disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Crit Care Med. 2002 Aug;30(8):1896–8.

150. Nakamura H, Nakamura T, Suzuki M, Minamoto F, Oyaizu N, Shiba T, et al. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis with intra- and paravertebral abscesses. J Infect Chemother Off J Jpn Soc Chemother. 2002 Jun;8(2):178–81.

151. Robertson S, Kovitz KL, Moroz K. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis. The role of cytology in multidisciplinary clinical approach and diagnosis. J La State Med Soc Off Organ La State Med Soc. 1999 Aug;151(8):409–13.

152. Faul JL, Hoang K, Schmoker J, Vagelos RH, Berry GJ. Constrictive pericarditis due to coccidiomycosis. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999 Oct;68(4):1407–9.

Odio 51

153. Olivere JW, Meier PA, Fraser SL, Morrison WB, Parsons TW, Drehner DM. Coccidioidomycosis--the airborne assault continues: an unusual presentation with a review of the history, epidemiology, and military relevance. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1999 Aug;70(8):790–6.

154. Low WS, Seid AB, Pransky SM, Kearns DB. Coccidioides immitis subperiosteal abscess of the temporal bone in a child. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996 Feb;122(2):189–92.

155. Cardone JS, Vinson R, Anderson LL. Coccidioidomycosis: the other great imitator. Cutis. 1995 Jul;56(1):33–6.

156. Harley WB, Blaser MJ. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis associated with extreme eosinophilia. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 1994 Apr;18(4):627–9.

157. Bickel KD, Press BH, Hovey LM. Successful treatment of coccidioidomycosis osteomyelitis in an infant. Ann Plast Surg. 1993 May;30(5):462–5.

158. Kohn GJ, Linné SR, Smith CM, Hoeprich PD. Acquisition of coccidioidomycosis at necropsy by inhalation of coccidioidal endospores. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1992 Aug;15(6):527–30.

159. Sherman ME, Orr JE, Balogh K, Bardawil RG. Primary diagnosis of disseminated fungal disease by fine-needle aspiration of soft-tissue lesions. Diagn Cytopathol. 1991;7(5):536–9.

160. Boyle JO, Coulthard SW, Mandel RM. Laryngeal involvement in disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1991 Apr;117(4):433–8.

161. Sprinkle RL 3rd, Kosova LM, Tougas T, Morales LM, DeUgarte R. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis of an ankle joint. A case study. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1989 Jun;79(6):300–5.

162. Kuntze JR, Herman MH, Evans SG. Genitourinary coccidioidomycosis. J Urol. 1988 Aug;140(2):370–4.

163. Dudley JE. Coccidioidomycosis and neck mass “single lesion” disseminated disease. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1987 May;113(5):553–5.

164. Golden SE, Morgan CM, Bartley DL, Campo RV. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis with chorioretinitis in early infancy. Pediatr Infect Dis. 1986 Apr;5(2):272–4.

165. Dickinson A, Tschen JA, Wolf JE Jr. Coccidioidomycosis with cutaneous involvement. South Med J. 1984 Nov;77(11):1464–5.

166. Moreno AJ, Bohman VD, Hoadley SD, Gunther JS, Weisman I. The occurrence of disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a patient with Crohn’s disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1983 Aug;5(4):349–52.

167. Schwartz RA, Lamberts RJ. Isolated nodular cutaneous coccidioidomycosis. The initial manifestation of disseminated disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1981 Jan;4(1):38–46.

168. Davidson W, Sarosi GA. Disseminated blastomycosis and coccicioidomycosis in the same patient. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1981 Aug;124(2):179.

169. Parker P, Adcock LL. Pelvic coccidioidomycosis. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1981 May;36(5):225–9.

170. Sung JP, Sun SS, Crutchlow PF. Coccidioidomycosis of the prostate gland and its therapy. J Urol. 1979 Jan;121(1):127–8.

171. Igo RM, Taylor CG, Scott AS, Jacoby JK. Coccidioidomycosis involving the mandible: report of case. J Oral Surg Am Dent Assoc 1965. 1978 Jan;36(1):72–5.

172. Turner S. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis: a case study. Nurse Pract. 1977 Apr;2(4):7–10.

173. Ward PH, Berci G, Morledge D, Schwartz H. Coccidioidomycosis of the larynx in infants and adults. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1977 Oct;86(5 Pt 1):655–60.

174. Zeller NH. Coccidioidomycosis. Localized cutaneous lesions of disseminated type treated with Amphotericin B and fulguration. Rocky Mt Med J. 1967 Dec;64(12):66–71.

Odio 52

Odio 53

· web viewcrum (24) 21 l 3 pulmonary (miliary), bone, skin healthy, survived survived 43 arnold...

Documents