Chapter 9. P. S. Messenger.1959. Bioclimatic studies with insects. Pages 183-206. In: Edward A. Steinhaus, Ray F. Smith (editors). Annual Review of Entomology. Volume 4, 467 pages. Palo Alto, California: Annual Reviews Inc.

Keywords: ecology, abiotic factors, biological aspects of insect bioclimatics, temperature, thermal optimum, humidity, temperature and humidity combined, other environmental factors, winter rain, winter snow, light intensity, distribution and abundance records, climatic analysis, climatic indicators, climatic observations, bioclimatic correlations, the thermal constant as an index of distribution, winter cold as a limiting factor, summer temperatures as limiting factors, moisture as a limiting factor, use of bioclimatics in forecasting distribution, forecasting by comparison of climates, forecasting based on physiological life histories, forecasting by comparison of species with similar bioclimatic responses