Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO-University)

Alexander Shishkin Department of Philosophy

B.A. in Government and International AffairsSchool of Government and International Affairs

Philosophy

Section 1. The Subject of Philosophy and the Character of Philosophical Knowledge.

Topic 1. The Subject of Philosophy and the Character of Philosophical Knowledge.

Summary: The concept of philosophy. Prevalent views of the nature, scope and functions of philosophy: philosophy as superscience (“the Queen of Sciences”), philosophy as underscience (pre-scientific or pseudoscientific speculation), philosophy as metascience (reflecting .science) The concept of reflection. Major parts and branches of philosophy: ontology, epistemology, axiology; philosophies of the branches of knowledge. Major philosophical traditions: Chinese, Indian, Western. Periodizations of Western philosophy: cultural (Ancient, Medieval, Modern, Contemporary); paradigmal (pre-Platonic, post-Platonic, post-Kantian).

Seminar 1. The Subject of Philosophy and the Character of Philosophic Knowledge.

Compulsory readings:o Aristotle. The Metaphysics (translated by Hugh Lawson-Tancred). – Book I (A), Ch. 1-2

(London: Penguin, 1999), pp. 3ff; see also Internet resources.o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 1. The

Subject of Philosophy and the Nature of Philosophic Knowledge (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students), pp. 6-15; see also Internet resources.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. I. Ancient Philosophy. Introduction (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. xi-xxi; see also Internet resources.

Further readings:o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Introduction (New York et al.:

Simon and Schuster, n/y), pp. xiii-xxiii; see also Internet resources.o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H.

Tufts). – § 1. The Name and Conception of Philosophy (Adamant, 2006), pp. 1-8; see also Internet resources.

Internet resources:o Aristotle. Metaphysics (translated by W. D. Ross). – Book I, Ch. 1-2;

http://www.classicallibrary.org/aristotle/metaphysics/book01.htm; also: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/aristotle-metaphysics.txt; also: http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/metaphysics.1.i.html.

o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 1. The Subject of Philosophy and the Nature of Philosophic Knowledge; http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.

o Joll Nicholas. Contemporary Metaphilosophy, in The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://www.iep.utm.edu/con-meta/.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – General Introduction (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press; 2010); available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Introduction; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n9/mode/2up.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – § 1. The Name and Conception of Philosophy; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n21/mode/2up.

Section 2. Cosmocentric and Anthropocentric Philosophy: Classical Greek and Roman Philosophy.

Topic 2.1 . From Thales to Zeno: Early Greek Philosophy of Nature.

Summary: Chaos and cosmos: understanding nature by means of reason. Unity of nature and the problem of change and diversity. The Milesian School, Heracleitus, the Eleatic School. Reasoning versus sensual perception.

Seminar 2.1. From Thales to Zeno: Early Greek Philosophy of Nature.

Compulsory readings:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 2. From

Thales to Zeno: Early Greek Philosophy of Nature (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students), pp. 16-38; see also Internet resources.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. I. Ancient Philosophy. [Ch.] 1 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 1-26; see also Internet resources.

Further readings:o Aristotle. The Metaphysics (translated by Hugh Lawson-Tancred). – Book I (A), Ch. 3-8

(London: Penguin, 1999), pp. 10ff; see also Internet resources.o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 1: Greece and Rome. From the

Pre-Socratics to Plotinus. – Ch. III-VII (New York et al.: Doubleday, 1993), pp. 22-60.o Curd Patricia (ed). A Presocratics Reader (Indianapolis: Hackett, 2011).o Hussey Edward. Pythagoreans and Eleatics, in: Taylor C. C. W. (ed). Routledge History

of Philosophy. – Vol. I: From the Beginning to Plato. – Ch. 4 (London & New York: Routledge, 1997), pp. 117-155.

o Osborne Catherine. Heraclitus, in: Taylor C. C. W. (ed). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. I: From the Beginning to Plato. – Ch. 3 (London & New York: Routledge, 1997), pp. 80-113.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book I, Ch. II-V. – New York et al.: Simon and Schuster, n/y. – P. 24-52; see also Internet resources.

o Schofield Malcolm. The Ionians, in: Taylor C. C. W. (ed). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. I: From the Beginning to Plato. – Ch. 2. (London & New York: Routledge, 1997), pp. 42-75.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – §§ 4-6 (Adamant, 2006), pp. 27-65; see also Internet resources.

Internet resources:o Aristotle. Metaphysics (translated by W. D. Ross). – Book I, Ch. 3-8;

http://www.classicallibrary.org/aristotle/metaphysics/book01.htm; also:

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http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/aristotle-metaphysics.txt; also: http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/metaphysics.1.i.html.

o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 2. From Thales to Zeno: Early Greek Philosophy of Nature; http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.

o Curd Patricia. Presocratic Philosophy, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/presocratics/.

o Graham Daniel W. Heraclitus, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/heraclitus/.

o Huggett Nick. Zeno’s Paradoxes, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/paradox-zeno/.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 1. Ancient Philosophy. [Ch.] 1 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 7-27; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

o Palmer John. Parmenides, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/parmenides/.

o Palmer John. Zeno of Elea, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/zeno-elea/.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book I, Ch. II-V; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n53/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n59/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n65/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n75/mode/2up.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – §§ 4-6; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n51/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n67/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n77/mode/2up.

Topic 2.2 . Ancient Atomism: Substantiation of Materialism.

Summary: The origins of ancient atomism. The concept of atom. The ontology of atomism. Preservation of matter. Determinism. The epistemology of atomism. The nature of sensual perception. Limitations of ancient atomism.

Seminar 2.2. Ancient Atomism: Substantiation of Materialism.

Compulsory readings:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 3.

Ancient Atomism: Substantiation of Materialism (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students). – P. 39-55; see also Internet resources.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. I. Ancient Philosophy. [Ch.] 1 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 26-28; see also Internet resources.

Further readings:o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 1: Greece and Rome. From the

Pre-Socratics to Plotinus. –Ch. X, XVI (New York et al.: Doubleday, 1993), pp. 72-75, 124-126.

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o Lucretius Carus Titus. On the Nature of Things (translated by Walter Englert). – Books 1, 2, 4 (Newburyport MA: Focus Publishing / R. Pullins Co., 2003); also: translated by Frank Copley (W. W. Norton & Company, 2011); see also Internet resources.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book I, Ch. IX (New York et al.: Simon and Schuster, n/y), pp. 64-73; see also Internet resources.

o Taylor C. C. W. Anaxagoras and the Atomists, in: Taylor C. C. W. (ed). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. I: From the Beginning to Plato. – Ch. 6 (London & New York: Routledge, 1997), pp 192-221.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – § 10 (Adamant, 2006), pp. 109-116; see also Internet resources.

Internet resources:o Berryman Sylvia. Ancient Atomism, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy;

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/atomism-ancient/.o Berryman Sylvia. Democritus, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy;

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/democritus/.o Berryman Sylvia. Leucippus, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy;

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/leucippus/.o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 3. Ancient Atomism:

Substantiation of Materialism; http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 1. Ancient

Philosophy. [Ch.] 1 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 28-29; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

o Lucretius Carus Titus. On the Nature of Things (translated by William Ellery Leonard). – Books 1, 2, 4; http://classics.mit.edu/Carus/nature_things.html; also: http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=3274058.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book I, Ch. IX; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n95/mode/2up.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – § 10; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n129/mode/2up.

Topic 2.3 . Plato: Substantiation of Idealism.

Summary: The roots of Platonic idealism. The Pythagoreans and Socrates. The challenge of the Sophists. The theory of Forms and the triune notion of eidos. The universals and the particulars. The world of senses and the world of mind. The ideal and the deficient.

Seminar 2.3. Plato: Substantiation of Idealism.

Compulsory readings:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 4. Plato:

Substantiation of Idealism (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students). – P. 56-69; see also Internet resources.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. I. Ancient Philosophy. [Ch.] 1 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 28-64; see also Internet resources.

o Plato. Meno (translated by George Anastalpo and Laurence Berns). – Newburyport MA: Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Co., 2004; see also Internet resources.

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Further readings:o Benson Hugh H. Socrates and the Beginnings of Moral Philosophy, in: Taylor C. C. W.

(ed). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Ch. 9. (London & New York: Routledge, 1997), pp. 298-324.

o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 1: Greece and Rome. From the Pre-Socratics to Plotinus. – Ch. XII-XIV, XVII-XXIV (New York et al.: Doubleday, 1993), pp. 81-115, 127-252.

o Heinaman Robert. Plato: Metaphysics and Epistemology, in: Taylor C. C. W. (ed). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Ch.  10 (London & New York: Routledge, 1997), pp. 331-358.

o Kerferd J. B. The Sophists, in: Taylor C. C. W. (ed). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Ch. 7 (London & New York: Routledge, 1997), pp. 225-245.

o Plato. Hippias Major, in: Socrates and the Sophists: Plato’s Protagoras, Euthydemus, Hippias Major and Cratylus (translated by Joe Sacks) (Newburyport MA: Focus Publishing / R. Pullins Co., 2010), pp. 129-156; see also Internet resources.

o Plato. Phaedo (translated by David Gallop) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009); also: translated by Benjamin Jowett (Arc Manor, 2008); see also Internet resources.

o Plato. Theaetetus (translated by Joe Sacks) (Newburyport MA: Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Co., 2004); see also Internet resources.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book I, Ch. X-XI, XIII-XIV, XV-XVII (New York et al.: Simon and Schuster, n/y), pp. 73-93, 104-159; see also Internet resources.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – §§ 8-9, 11 (Adamant, 2006), pp. 87-98, 104-109, 116-131; see also Internet resources.

Internet resources:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 4. Plato: Substantiation of

Idealism; http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 1. Ancient

Philosophy. [Ch.] 1 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 29-56; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

o Kraut Richard. Plato, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato/.

o Nails Debra. Socrates, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/socrates/.

o Plato. Hippias (major) (translated by Benjamin Jowett); http://www.ellopos.net/elpenor/greek-texts/ancient-greece/plato/plato-hippias-major.asp.

o Plato. Meno (translated by Benjamin Jowett); http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/meno.html; also: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/plato-meno.txt.

o Plato. Phaedo (translated by Benjamin Jowett); http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1658/1658-h/1658-h.htm; http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1658/1658.txt.

o Plato. Theaetetus (translated by Benjamin Jowett); http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1726/1726-h/1726-h.htm; http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/1726/pg1726.txt.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy  – Book I, Ch. X-XI, XIII-XVIII; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n105/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n113/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n135/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n139/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n151/mode/2up;

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http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n165/mode/2up (pp. 154-155 missing); http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n173/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n179/mode/2up.

o Silverman Allan. Plato’s Middle Period Metaphysics and Epistemology, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/plato-metaphysics/.

o Taylor C. C. W. and Mi-Kyoung Lee. The Sophists, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/sophists/.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – §§ 8-9, 11; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n107/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n125/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n137/mode/2up.

Topic 2.4 . Aristotle: The Structure of Reality and the Structure of Knowledge.

Summary: Criticism of the Platonic theory of Forms and Aristotelian own hylomorphism. Potentiality and actuality. Reality as a hierarchy of species and genera. Aristotelian epistemology and logic. The nature and functions of inference.

Seminar 2.4. Aristotle: The Structure of Reality and the Structure of Knowledge.

Compulsory readings:o Aristotle. The Metaphysics (translated by Hugh Lawson-Tancred). – Book I (A)

(London: Penguin, 1999), pp. 3ff; see also Internet resources.o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 5.

Aristotle: The Structure of Reality; Lecture 6. Aristotle: The Structure of Knowledge (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students), pp. 70-92, 93-122; see also Internet resources.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. I. Ancient Philosophy. [Ch.] 2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 65-94; see also Internet resources.

Further readings:o Aristotle. Categories (translated by J. L Ackrill). – Ch. 1-9, in: Aristotle. Categories and

De Interpretatione (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 3ff; see also Internet resources.

o Code Alan. Aristotle’s Logic and Metaphysics, in: Furley David (ed). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. II: From Aristotle to Augustine. – Ch. 2 (London & New York: Routledge, 1999), pp. 40-71.

o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 1: Greece and Rome. From the Pre-Socratics to Plotinus. – Ch. XVII-XXX, XXXIV (New York et al.: Doubleday, 1993), pp. 266-331, 372-378.

o Furley David. Aristotle the Philosopher of Nature; in: Furley David (ed). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. II: From Aristotle to Augustine. – Ch. 1 (London & New York: Routledge, 1999), pp. 9-37.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book I, Ch. XIX-XXIII (New York et al.: Simon and Schuster, n/y), pp. 159-207; see also Internet resources.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – §§ 12-13 (Adamant, 2006), pp. 132-154; see also Internet resources.

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Internet resources:o Aristotle. Categories (translated by J. L Ackrill). – Ch. 1-9;

http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/a/aristotle/categories/; also: file:///G:/E-Books/=Philosophy/Ancient%20Phiolosophy/Aristotle,%20Categories.htm.

o Aristotle. Metaphysics (translated by W. D. Ross). – Book I; http://www.classicallibrary.org/aristotle/metaphysics/book01.htm; also: http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/ancient/aristotle-metaphysics.txt; also: http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/metaphysics.1.i.html.

o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 5. Aristotle: The Structure of Reality; Lecture 6. Aristotle: The Structure of Knowledge; http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.

o Cohen S. Marc. Aristotle’s Metaphysics, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-metaphysics/.

o Falcon Andrea. Aristotle on Causality, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-causality/.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 1. Ancient Philosophy. [Ch.] 2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 57-77; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book I, Ch. XIX-XXIII; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n191/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n201/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n213/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n225/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n233/mode/2up.

o Shields Christopher. Aristotle, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle/.

o Smith Robin. Aristotle’s Logic, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-logic/.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – §§ 12-13; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n153/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n159/mode/2up.

Topic 2.5 . Epicureans and Stoics: Philosophy as the Art of Living.

Summary: The influence of Socrates: the anthropocentric turn. The Cyrenaics and the Cynics: hedonism versus asceticism. Eudaemonism and the autarky of reason. Ontology and ethics: fatalism versus free will.

Seminar 2.5. Epicureans and Stoics: Philosophy as the Art of Living.

Compulsory readings:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 7.

Epicureans and Stoics: Philosophy as the Art of Living (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students), pp. 123-140; see also Internet resources.

o Epicurus. Letter to Menoeceus, in: Epicurus. The Art of Happiness (New York: Penguin Books, 2012), pp 155ff; see also Internet resources.

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o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. I. Ancient Philosophy. [Ch.] 2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 94-100, 101-102, 106-109; see also Internet resources.

Further readings:o Cicero Marcus Tullius. Tusculan Disputations (translated by C. D. Yonge). – Book I:

On the Contempt of Death; Book V: Whether Virtue Alone Be Sufficient for a Happy Life (Echo, 2007); see also Internet resources.

o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 1: Greece and Rome. From the Pre-Socratics to Plotinus. – Ch. XV, XXXVI-XXXVII, XXXIX-XL (New York et al.: Doubleday, 1993), pp. 116-123, 385-412, 421-437.

o Everson Stephen. Epicureanism, in: Furley David (ed). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. II: From Aristotle to Augustine. – Ch. 6 (London & New York: Routledge, 1999), pp. 188-218.

o Inwood Brad. Stoicism, in: Furley David (ed). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. II: From Aristotle to Augustine. – Ch. 7 (London & New York: Routledge, 1999), pp. 222-251.

o Lucretius Carus Titus. On the Nature of Things (translated by Walter Englert). – Book 3 (Newburyport MA: Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Co., 2003); also: translated by Frank Copley (W. W. Norton & Company, 2011); see also Internet resources.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book I, Ch. XXVI-XXVIII (New York et al.: Simon and Schuster, n/y), pp. 228-233, 240-270; see also Internet resources.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – §§ 7, 14-16 (Adamant, 2006), pp. 72-87, 163-177; see also Internet resources.

Internet resources:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 7. Epicureans and Stoics:

Philosophy as the Art of Living; http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.o Cicero Marcus Tullius. Tusculan Disputations (translated by C. D. Yonge). – Book I:

On the Contempt of Death; Book V: Whether Virtue Alone Be Sufficient for a Happy Life; http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14988/14988-h/14988-h.htm.

o Epicurus. Letter to Menoeceus (translated by Robert Drew Hicks); http://www.epicurus.net/en/menoeceus.html; also: translated by James Fieser; http://web.archive.org/web/19990117030517/http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/text/epicurus/menoec.htm.

o Graver Margaret. Epictetus, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epictetus/.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 1. Ancient Philosophy. [Ch.] 2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 78-81, 83-84, 87-90; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

o Konstan David. Epicurus, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epicurus/.

o Lucretius Carus Titus. On the Nature of Things (translated by William Ellery Leonard). – Book 3; http://classics.mit.edu/Carus/nature_things.html; also: http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?fk_files=3274058.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book I, Ch. XXVI-XXVIII; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n259/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n269/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n281/mode/2up.

o Sedley David. Lucretius, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/lucretius/.

o Vogt Katja. Seneca, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/seneca/.

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o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – §§ 7, 14-16; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n93/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n185/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n201/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n213/mode/2up.

Topic 2.6 . Ancient Scepticism.

The roots of ancient Scepticism. Pyrrhon and the suspension of judgement (epoche). Aenesidemus and the unreliability of senses. Agrippa and the unreliability of reasoning. Academic Scepticism: certainty and probability.

Seminar 2.6. Ancient Scepticism.

Compulsory readings:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 8.

Ancient Skepticism (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students), pp. 141-152; see also Internet resources.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. I. Ancient Philosophy. [Ch.] 2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 100-101; see also Internet resources.

Further readings:o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 1: Greece and Rome. From the

Pre-Socratics to Plotinus. – Ch. XXXVIII, XXXIX-XLI (New York et al.: Doubleday, 1993), pp. 413-420, 442-445.

o Frede Michael. The Sceptics, in: Furley David (ed). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. II: From Aristotle to Augustine. – Ch. 8 (London & New York: Routledge, 1999), pp. 253-286.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book I, Ch. XXVI (in part) (New York et al.: Simon and Schuster, n/y), pp. 233-239; see also Internet resources.

o Sextus Empiricus. Outlines of Pyrrhonism (ed. by Julia Annas and Jonathan Barnes). – Book I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), pp. 3-64; also: translated by R. G. Bury (Buffalo NY: Prometheus Books, 1990).

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – § 17 (Adamant, 2006), pp. 197-209; see also Internet resources.

Internet resources:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 8. Ancient Skepticism ;

http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 1. Ancient

Philosophy. [Ch.] 2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 82-83; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book I, Ch. XXVI; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n259/mode/2up.

o Sextus Empiricus. Outlines of Pyrrhonism. – Book I; http://www.sciacchitano.it/pensatori%20epistemici/scettici/outlines%20of%20pyrronism.pdf; also: http://evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com/sextus_empiricus02.htm.

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o Vogt Katja. Ancient Skepticism, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/skepticism-ancient/.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – § 17; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n219/mode/2up.

Review Literature to Section   2 :

Compulsory readings:o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. I. Ancient Philosophy.

[Ch.] 3-9 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 116-316; see also Internet resources.

Internet resources:o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 1. Ancient

Philosophy. [Ch.] 3-9 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 95-255; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

Section 3. Theocentric Philosophy: Western Medieval Philosophy.

Topic 3.1 . God, Man, and History: Patristic Philosophy.

Summary: Reasoning within the domain of dogmas. God and the problem of evil. A new paradigm of history: history as a unique drama.

Seminar 3.1. God, Man, and History: Patristic Philosophy.

Compulsory readings:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 9.

Western Medieval Philosophy (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students), pp. 153-157; see also Internet resources.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. II. Medieval Philosophy. [Ch.] 1 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 1-33; see also Internet resources.

Further readings:o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 2: Medieval Philosophy. From

Augustine to Duns Scotus. – Ch. IV-VIII (New York et al.: Doubleday, 1993), pp. 51-90.

o O’Daly Gerard. Augustine, in: Furley David (ed). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. II: From Aristotle to Augustine. – Ch. 12 (London & New York: Routledge, 1999), pp. 389-422.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book II, Ch. IV (New York et al.: Simon and Schuster, n/y), pp. 352-366; see also Internet resources.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – §§ 18-21 (Adamant, 2006), pp. 219-262; see also Internet resources.

Internet resources:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 9. Western Medieval

Philosophy; http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.

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o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 2. Medieval Philosophy. [Ch.] 1 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010). pp. 261-284; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

o Mendelson Michael. Saint Augustine, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/augustine/.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book II, Ch. IV; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n371/mode/2up.

o Tooley Michael. The Problem of Evil, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/evil/.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – §§ 18-21; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n241/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n251/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n257/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n277/mode/2up.

Topic 3.2 . God, Nature, and Reason: Scholastic Philosophy.

Summary: Faith and Reason. The existence of God. The problem of universals: nominalism, realism, conceptualism.

Seminar 3.2.

Compulsory readings:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 9.

Western Medieval Philosophy (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students), pp. 158-177; see also Internet resources.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. II. Medieval Philosophy. [Ch.] 1-2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), pp. 33-114; see also Internet resources.

Further readings:o Anselm of Canterbury. Proslogion, including Gaunilo’s Objections and Anselm’s

Replies (translated by Matthew D. Walz) (St. Augustines Press; 2013); also: Anselm. Proslogion: With the Replies of Gaunilo and Anselm (translated by Thomas Williams) (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1995); see also Internet resources.

o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 2: Medieval Philosophy. From Augustine to Duns Scotus. – Ch. XIV-XV, XXXII, XXXIV (New York et al.: Doubleday, 1993), pp. 136-165, 312-323, 336-346.

o Davies Brian. Thomas Aquinas, in: Marenbon John (ed.). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. III: Medieval Philosophy. – Ch. 11 (London & New York: Routledge, 1998), pp. 241-266.

o King Peter. Boethius’s Anti-realist Arguments, in: Allen James et al. (eds.). Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy. – Vol. XL: Summer 2011 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), pp. 381-400; see also Internet resources.

o Lim Kevjn. God’s Knowledge of Particulars:Avicenna, Maimonides, and Gersonides; in: Journal of Islamic Philosophy, Vol. 5 (2009), pp. 75-98; see also Internet resources.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book II, Ch. XI, § 4, XIII (New York et al.: Simon and Schuster, n/y), pp. 435-441, 452-463; see also Internet resources.

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o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – §§ 23-24, 26 (Adamant, 2006), pp. 287-309, 328-337; see also Internet resources.

Internet resources:o Anselm of Canterbury. Proslogion (translated by David Burr). – Ch. 1-4; Gaunilo. How

Someone Writing on Behalf of the Fool Might Reply to All This; Anselm’s Reply to Gaunilo; http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/anselm.asp.

o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 9. Western Medieval Philosophy; http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.

o Boethius Anicius Manlius Severinus. Commentary on Porphyry’s Isagoge (translated by G. MacDonald Ross). – Book 1; http://ru.scribd.com/doc/75461379/Boethius-Commentary-on-Porphyry-Tr-G-MacDonald-Ross (access to registered readers only).

o Boethius Anicius Manlius Severinus. Commentary on Porphyry’s Isagoge. – Book 1 (excerpts), in: Spade Vincent Paul (ed.). Five Texts on the Mediaeval Problem of Universals: Porphyry, Boethius, Abelard, Duns Scotus, Ockham; http://books.google.ru/books?id=FZ0lGvQr_H8C&pg=PR5&hl=ru&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 2. Medieval Philosophy. [Ch.] 1-2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 284-343; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

o Kilcullen R. J. Boethius on Porphyry; http://antology.rchgi.spb.ru/Boethius/Ad_Porphirium_Comment.eng.html.

o King Peter. Boethius’s Anti-realist Arguments; http://individual.utoronto.ca/pking/articles/BAR.pdf.

o Klima Gyula. The Medieval Problem of Universals, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/universals-medieval/.

o Lim Kevjn. God’s Knowledge of Particulars:Avicenna, Maimonides, and Gersonides; in: Journal of Islamic Philosophy, Vol. 5 (2009), pp. 75-98; https://www.academia.edu/4892789/Gods_Knowledge_of_Particulars_Avicenna_Maimonides_and_Gersonides_-_Journal_of_Islamic_Philosophy_-_Kevjn_Lim.

o Marenbon John. Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/boethius/.

o McInerny Ralph and O’Callaghan John. Saint Thomas Aquinas, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aquinas/.

o Oppy Graham. Ontological Arguments, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ontological-arguments/.

o Ratzsch Del. Teleological Arguments for God’s Existence, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/teleological-arguments/.

o Reichenbach Bruce. Cosmological Argument, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/cosmological-argument/.

o Rodriguez-Pereyra Gonzalo. Nominalism in Metaphysics, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nominalism-metaphysics/.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book II, Ch. XIII; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n455/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n473/mode/2up.

o Spade Paul Vincent. Boethius against Universals: The Arguments in the Second Commentary on Porphyry;/ http://pvspade.com/Logic/docs/boethius.pdf; or: http://www.pvspade.com/Logic/docs/boethius.pdf.

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o Taliaferro Charles. Philosophy of Religion. – Ch. 4.2: God’s Existence, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/philosophy-religion/#GodExi.

o Williams Thomas. Saint Anselm, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/anselm/.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – §§ 23-24, 26; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n309/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n325/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n353/mode/2up.

Review Literature to Section   3 :

Compulsory readings:o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. II. Medieval Philosophy.

[Ch.] 3-9 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 116-312; see also Internet resources.

Internet resources:o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 2. Medieval

Philosophy. [Ch.] 3-9 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 344-499; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

Section 4. Epistemocentric Philosophy: Modern European Philosophy.

Topic 4.1 . Francis Bacon: Substantiation of Empiricism.

Summary: Roots of Empiricism. The idols of the mind: the idols of the tribe, the idols of the cave, the idols of the marketplace, the idols of the theatre. The nature of scientific knowledge: knowledge as power; experience and experiment. The new method of inductive reasoning: tables of presence, tables of absence, tables of comparison and of degree. Modus tollendo ponens.

Seminar 4.1. Francis Bacon: Substantiation of Empiricism.

Compulsory readings:o Bacon Francis. The New Organon. – Book I, Aphorisms I-LXX (Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press, 2000), pp. 33ff; see also Internet resources.o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 10.

Francis Bacon: Substantiation of Empiricism (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students), pp. 178-197; see also Internet resources.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. III. The Rise of Modern Philosophy. [Ch.] 1 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 26-32; see also Internet resources.

Further readings:o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 3: Late Medieval and Renaissance

Philosophy. Ockham, Francis Bacon, and the Beginning of the Modern World. – Ch. XIX (New York et al.: Doubleday, 1993), pp. 292-309.

o Pérez-Ramos Antonio. Francis Bacon and Man’s Two-faced Kingdom, in: Parkinson G. H. R. (ed.). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. IV: The Renaissance

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and Seventeenth-century Rationalism. – Ch. 4 (London & New York: Routledge, 1993), pp. 130-150.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book III, Ch. VI-VII (New York et al.: Simon and Schuster, n/y), pp. 525-546; see also Internet resources.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – §§ 30-31 (Adamant, 2006), pp. 383-425; see also Internet resources.

Internet resources:o Bacon Francis. Novum Organum. – Book I, Aphorisms I-LXX;

http://archive.org/stream/baconsnovumorgan00bacouoft#page/6/mode/2up; also: http://oll.libertyfund.org/?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=1432&Itemid=27; also: http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Novum_Organum/Book_I_%28Spedding%29.

o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 10. Francis Bacon: Substantiation of Empiricism; http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 3. The Rise of Modern Philosophy. [Ch.] 1 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 521-525; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

o Klein Jürgen. Francis Bacon, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/francis-bacon/.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book III, Ch. VI-VII; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n545/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n561/mode/2up.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – §§ 30-31; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n407/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n423/mode/2up; also: http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso02wind#page/382/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso02wind#page/398/mode/2up.

Topic 4.2 . René Descartes and Benedict Spinoza: Substantiation of Rationalism.

Summary: Descartes’ epistemology: radical doubt; Cogito ergo sum; “natural light”; the idea of God and the Divine Guarantee; the four rules of method. Descartes’ ontology: dualism of mind and matter and the problem of their interaction: “natural light” (innate ideas) and the pineal gland. Later Cartesianism: occasionalism.

Seminar 4.2. René Descartes and Benedict Spinoza: Substantiation of Rationalism.

Compulsory readings:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 11. René

Descartes and Benedict Spinoza: Substantiation of Rationalism (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students), pp. 198-216; see also Internet resources.

o Descartes René. Meditations on First Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); also: (Indianapolis: Hackett, 2006).

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. III. The Rise of Modern Philosophy. [Ch.] 2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 33-41, 58-70; see also Internet resources.

Further readings:

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o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 4: Modern Philosophy. From Descartes to Leibniz. – Ch. II-V, VIII-XII (New York et al.: Doubleday, 1994), pp. 63-138, 174-237.

o Cottingham John. Descartes: Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Mind, in: Parkinson G. H. R. (ed.). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. IV: The Renaissance and Seventeenth-century Rationalism. – Ch. 6 (London & New York: Routledge, 1993), p. 187-215.

o Gaukroger Stephen. Descartes: Methodology, in: Parkinson G. H. R. (ed.). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. IV: The Renaissance and Seventeenth-century Rationalism. – Ch. 5 (London & New York: Routledge, 1993), pp. 156-182.

o Parkinson G. H. R. Spinoza: Metaphysics and Knowledge, in: Parkinson G. H. R. (ed.). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. IV: The Renaissance and Seventeenth-century Rationalism. – Ch.  8 (London & New York: Routledge, 1993), pp. 253-284.

o Radner Daisie. Occasionalism. – Ch. 10 (London & New York: Routledge, 1993), pp. 320-348.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book III, Ch. IX-X (New York et al.: Simon and Schuster, n/y), pp. 557-580; see also Internet resources.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – §§ 30-31 (Adamant, 2006), pp. 383-425; see also Internet resources.

Internet resources:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 11. René Descartes and Benedict

Spinoza: Substantiation of Rationalism; http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.o Descartes René. Meditations on First Philosophy (translated by John Veitch);

http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/texts/descartes/meditations/meditations.html; also: http://www.classicallibrary.org/descartes/meditations/; also: http://www.wright.edu/cola/descartes/mede.html; also: (unidentified translator) http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/descartes/1639/meditations.htm.

o Hatfield Gary. René Descartes, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes/.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 3. The Rise of Modern Philosophy. [Ch.] 2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 526-531, 544-553; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

o Lee Sukjae. Occasionalism, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/occasionalism/.

o Lokhorst Gert-Jan. Descartes and the Pineal Gland, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pineal-gland/.

o Nadler Steven. Baruch Spinoza, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/spinoza/.

o Newman Lex. Descartes’ Epistemology, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-epistemology/.

o Nolan Lawrence. Descartes’ Ontological Argument, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes-ontological/.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book III, Ch. IX-X; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n579/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n591/mode/2up.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – §§ 30-31; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n407/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n423/mode/2up; also: http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso02wind#page/382/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso02wind#page/398/mode/2up.

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Topic 4.3 . John Locke and Gottfried Leibniz: Ontological Foundations and the Nature of Human Understanding.

Summary: Nativism: pro et contra. Tabula rasa versus universal consent, latent knowledge, spontaneous agreement, and deductive reasoning. Rationality of the world as prerequisite of its understandability. Truths eternal and factual. Locke’s reinterpretation of empiricism: experience as sensory perception. Bodily contact as transmitter of information. Primary and secondary qualities. Ideas of sensation and ideas of reflection. Simple and compound ideas.

Seminar 4.3. John Locke and Gottfried Leibniz: Ontological Foundations and the Nature of Human Understanding.

Compulsory readings:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 12. John

Locke and Gottfried Leibniz: Ontological Foundations and the Nature of Human Understanding (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students), pp. 217-228; see also Internet resources.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. III. The Rise of Modern Philosophy. [Ch.] 2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 47-53, 70-76; see also Internet resources.

Further readings:o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 4: Modern Philosophy. From

Descartes to Leibniz. – Ch. XV-XVII (New York et al.: Doubleday, 1994), pp. 264-319.o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 5: Modern Philosophy. The British

Philosophers from Hobbes to Hume. – Ch. IV-VI (New York et al.: Doubleday, 1994), pp. 67-122.

o Jolley Nicholas. Leibniz: Truth, Knowledge and Metaphysics, in: Parkinson G. H. R. (ed.). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. IV: The Renaissance and Seventeenth-century Rationalism. – Ch. 11 (London & New York: Routledge, 1993), pp. 353-384.

o Locke John. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. – Book I (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1979); see also Internet resources.

o Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm. Monadology (translated by George R. Montgomery), in: Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm. Discourse on Metaphysics and the Monadology (Prometheus Books, 1992); see also Internet resources.

o Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm. New Essays on Human Understanding. – Book 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996); see also Internet resources.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book III, Ch. XI, XIII (New York et al.: Simon and Schuster, n/y), pp. 581-596, 604-617; see also Internet resources.

o Tipton Jan. Locke: Knowledge and Its Limits, in: Stuart Brown (ed.). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. V: British Philosophy and the Age of Enlightenment. – Ch. 4 (London & New York: Routledge, 1996), pp. 56-74.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – § 33 (Adamant, 2006), pp. 449-466; see also Internet resources.

Internet resources:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 12. John Locke and Gottfried

Leibniz: Ontological Foundations and the Nature of Human Understanding; http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.

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o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 3. The Rise of Modern Philosophy. [Ch.] 2 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 536-541, 553-558; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

o Kochiras Hylarie. Locke’s Philosophy of Science, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke-philosophy-science/.

o Kulstad Mark and Carlin Laurence. Leibniz’s Philosophy of Mind, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/leibniz-mind/.

o Locke John. An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. – Book I; http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/texts/locke/locke1/contents1.html; also: http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/l/locke/john/l81u/B1.html.

o Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm. Monadology; http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/kk3n/80-300/leibniz-monadology.htm; also: (translated by Robert Latta); http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/texts/leibniz/monadology.html; also: http://www.rbjones.com/rbjpub/philos/classics/leibniz/monad.htm.

o Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm. New Essays on Human Understanding – Book 1; http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/pdf/leibnew1.pdf; also: http://archive.org/stream/newessaysconcern00leib#page/n7/mode/2up.

o Look Brandon C. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/leibniz/.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book III, Ch. XI, XIII; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n603/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n627/mode/2up.

o Uzgalis William. John Locke, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/locke/.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – § 33; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n473/mode/2up; also: http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso02wind#page/448/mode/2up.

Topic 4.4 . George Berkeley and David Hume: Idealism Ontological and Epistemological.

Summary: Berkeley’s immaterialism: criticism of Locke’s concept of primary and secondary qualities; criticism of the notion of matter. Radical nominalism. Subjective idealism: ontological version. Things as collections of ideas. Existence of unperceived entities and the reality of other minds. The bogey of solipsism. Hume’s version of subjective idealism: knowledge reduced to personal perception. The limits of demonstrative knowledge. The mental nature of causality. Natural beliefs and their functions. Scepticism.

Seminar 4.4. George Berkeley and David Hume: Idealism Ontological and Epistemological.

Compulsory readings:o Berkeley George. Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous. – The First Dialogue

(Pearson, 2006); also: (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1979). – P. 7-42; see also Internet resources.

o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 13. George Berkeley and David Hume: Idealism Ontological and Epistemological (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students), pp. 229-249; see also Internet resources.

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o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. III. The Rise of Modern Philosophy. [Ch.] 2-3 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 76-86; see also Internet resources.

Further readings:o Berman David. George Berkeley // Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. V: British

Philosophy and the Age of Enlightenment / Ed. by Brown Stuart. – Ch. 5. – London & New York: Routledge, 1996. – P. 101-119.

o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 5: Modern Philosophy. The British Philosophers from Hobbes to Hume. – Ch. XI-XII, XIV-XV. – New York et al.: Doubleday, 1994. – P. 202-229, 258-317.

o Jacobson Anne Jaab. David Hume on Human Understanding, in: Stuart Brown (ed.). Routledge History of Philosophy. – Vol. V: British Philosophy and the Age of Enlightenment. – Ch. 6 (London & New York: Routledge, 1996), pp. 123-144.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book III, Ch. XVI-XVII (New York et al.: Simon and Schuster, n/y), pp. 647-674; see also Internet resources.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – § 34 (Adamant, 2006), pp. 466-486; see also Internet resources.

Internet resources:o Berkeley George. Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous – The First Dialogue;

http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Three_Dialogues_Between_Hylas_and_Philonous.o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 13. George Berkeley and David

Hume: Idealism Ontological and Epistemological; http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.

o De Pierris Graciela and Friedman Michael. Kant and Hume on Causality, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-hume-causality/.

o Downing Lisa. George Berkeley, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/berkeley/.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 3. The Rise of Modern Philosophy. [Ch.] 2-3 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 558-566; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

o Khlentzos Drew. Challenges to Metaphysical Realism, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/realism-sem-challenge/.

o Morris William Edward. David Hume, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume/.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book III, Ch. XVI-XVII; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n673/mode/2up; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n685/mode/2up.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – § 34; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n491/mode/2up; also: http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso02wind#page/466/mode/2up.

Section 5. The Origin of Sociocentric Philosophy: Classical German Idealism.

Topic 5.1 . Kant’s Theory of Knowledge.

Summary: The problem of synthetic a priori judgments. The Transcendental Aesthetic: time and space as a priori forms of human sensibility. The Transcendental Analytic: the transcendental unity of apperception; categories as a priori forms of understanding; synthetical principles of pure

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understanding. The Transcendental Dialectic: the transcendental ideas (the soul, the world, the God) and dialectical procedures (paralogisms, antinomies, the Ideal) of pure reason.

Seminar 5.1. Kant’s Theory of Knowledge.

Compulsory readings:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 14.

Kant’s Theory of Knowledge (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students), pp. 250-282; see also Internet resources.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. III. The Rise of Modern Philosophy. [Ch.] 3 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 100-108; see also Internet resources.

Further readings:o Bonevac Daniel. Kant’s Copernican Revolution, in: Solomon Robert C. and Higgins

Kathleen M. (eds.). Routledge History of Philosophy. –Vol. VI: The Age of German Idealism. – Ch. 2 (London & New York: Routledge, 1993), pp. 40-65.

o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 6: Modern Philosophy. From the French Enlightenment to Kant. – Ch. X-XIII (London: Search Press & New York: Paulist Press, 1977), pp. 180-307.

o Kant Immanuel. Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics ( Pearson, 1994); also: (Indianapolis: Hackett, 2012); see also Internet resources.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book III, Ch. XX (New York et al.: Simon and Schuster, n/y), pp. 701-718; see also Internet resources.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – § 38 (Adamant, 2006), pp. 537-550; see also Internet resources.

o Wood Allen W. Kant. – Ch. 2-5. – Malden, MA, USA, Oxford, UK, Carlton, Australia: Blackwell Publishing, 2005 (Blackwell Great Minds). – P. 24-109.

Internet resources:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 14. Kant’s Theory of

Knowledge; http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.o Brook Andrew. Kant’s View of the Mind and Consciousness of Self, in: Stanford

Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-mind/.o De Pierris Graciela and Friedman Michael. Kant and Hume on Causality, in: Stanford

Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-hume-causality/.o Grier Michelle. Kant’s Critique of Metaphysics, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of

Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-metaphysics/.o Janiak Andrew. Kant’s Views on Space and Time, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of

Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-spacetime/.o Kant Immanuel. Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics;

http://hudsoncress.net/hudsoncress.org/html/library/western-philosophy/Kant,%20Immanuel%20-%20Prolegomena%20To%20Any%20Future%20Metaphysics.PDF; also: http://philosophy.eserver.org/kant-prolegomena.txt; also: http://ebookbrowse.com/kant-immanuel-prolegomena-to-any-future-metaphysics-pdf-d285651123; also: http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Prolegomena_to_Any_Future_Metaphysics.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 3. The Rise of Modern Philosophy. [Ch.] 3 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 576-582; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

o Rohlf Michael. Immanuel Kant, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/.

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o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book III, Ch. XX; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n729/mode/2up.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – § 38; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n561/mode/2up; also: http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso02wind#page/536/mode/2up.

Topic 5.2 . Kant’s Moral Philosophy.

Summary: Kant’s moral philosophy: the good will; the categorical imperative; the antinomy of practical reason; the postulates of pure practical reason.

Seminar 5.2. Kant’s Moral Philosophy.

Compulsory readings:o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. III. The Rise of Modern

Philosophy. [Ch.] 3 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 100-108; see also Internet resources.

Further readings:o Becker Don. Kant’s Moral and Political Philosophy, in: Solomon Robert C. and Higgins

Kathleen M. (eds.). Routledge History of Philosophy. –Vol. VI: The Age of German Idealism. – Ch. 3 (London & New York: Routledge, 1993), pp. 68-100.

o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 6: Modern Philosophy. From the French Enlightenment to Kant. – Ch. XIV (London: Search Press & New York: Paulist Press, 1977), pp. 308-348.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book III, Ch. XX (New York et al.: Simon and Schuster, n/y), pp. 710-712; see also Internet resources.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – § 39 (Adamant, 2006), pp. 551-559; see also Internet resources.

o Wood Allen W. Kant. – Ch. 7. – Malden, MA, USA, Oxford, UK, Carlton, Australia: Blackwell Publishing, 2005 (Blackwell Great Minds). – P. 129-150.

Internet resources:o Johnson Robert. Kant’s Moral Philosophy, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy;

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant-moral/.o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 3. The Rise of

Modern Philosophy. [Ch.] 3 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 576-582; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

o Rohlf Michael. Immanuel Kant, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book III, Ch. XX; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n729/mode/2up.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – § 39; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n575/mode/2up; also: http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso02wind#page/550/mode/2up.

Topic 5.3 . Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Absolute Idealism.

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Summary: The basic principles: the unity of substance and subject; reality as development. Hegel’s system: the structure and stages of Absolute Reality. Hegel’s method: the dialectics. Hegel’s influence.

Seminar 5.3. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Absolute Idealism.

Compulsory readings:o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 15.

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Absolute Idealism (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students), pp. 283-294; see also Internet resources.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. III. The Rise of Modern Philosophy. [Ch.] 3 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 111-116; see also Internet resources.

Further readings:o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy – Vol. 7: Modern Philosophy. From the

Post-Kantian Idealists to Marx, Kierkegaard, and Nietzsche. – Ch. IX-XI (New York et al.: Doubleday, 1994), pp. 159-247.

o De Vries Willem. Hegel’s Logic and Philosophy of Mind, in: Solomon Robert C. and Higgins Kathleen M. (eds.). Routledge History of Philosophy. –Vol. VI: The Age of German Idealism. – Ch. 7 (London & New York: Routledge, 1993), pp. 216-250.

o Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. The Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences. – §§ 86-98, in: Hegel’s Logic (translated by William Wallace) (Marxists Internet Archive, 2009), pp. 222-244; also: Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. The Encyclopaedia Logic (translated by Theodore F. Geraets, W. A. Suchting , H. S. Harris) (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1991), pp. 136-157; see also Internet resources.

o Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. The Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences. – §§ 553-577, in: Hegel’s Philosophy of Mind (translated by William Wallace) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), pp. 259-278.

o Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Phenomenology of Spirit. – Introduction; [Ch.] I: Certainty at the Level of Sense Experience – the “This”, and “Meaning” (translated by A. V. Miller) (Oxford et al.: Oxford University Press, 1977), pp. 47-66; also: The Phenomenology of Mind (translated by J. B. Baillie) (New York: Dover, 2003), pp. 44-61; see also Internet resources.

o Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Who Thinks Abstractly?, in Hegel: Texts and Commentary (translated by Walter Arnold Kaufmann) (Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1966), pp. 113-118; see also Internet resources.

o Ilyenkov Evald. Dialectical Logic: Essays on Its History and Theory. – Ch. 5: Dialectics as Logic (translated by H. Campbell Creighton) (Progress Publishers, 1977), pp. 105-135.

o Rauch Leo. Hegel, Spirit, and Politics, in: Solomon Robert C. and Higgins Kathleen M. (eds.). Routledge History of Philosophy. –Vol. VI: The Age of German Idealism. – Ch. 8 (London & New York: Routledge, 1993), pp. 254-287.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book III, Ch. XXII (New York et al.: Simon and Schuster, n/y), pp. 730-746; see also Internet resources.

o Solomon Robert C. Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit, in: Solomon Robert C. and Higgins Kathleen M. (eds.). Routledge History of Philosophy. –Vol. VI: The Age of German Idealism. – Ch. 6 (London & New York: Routledge, 1993), pp. 181-213.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – § 42 (Adamant, 2006), pp. 590-615; see also Internet resources.

Internet resources:

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o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 15. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: Absolute Idealism; http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.

o Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. The Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences. – §§ 86-98 (translated by William Wallace); https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/sl/slbeing.htm.

o Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. The Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences. – §§ 553-577 (translated by William Wallace); https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/sp/abspirit.htm.

o Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Phenomenology of Mind. – Introduction; [Ch.] I: Certainty at the Level of Sense Experience – the “This”, and “Meaning”; http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/ph/phintro.htm & https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/ph/phaa.htm.

o Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Who Thinks Abstractly?; http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/se/abstract.htm.

o Ilyenkov Evald. Dialectical Logic: Essays on Its History and Theory. – Ch. 5: Dialectics as Logic (translated by H. Campbell Creighton); http://www.marxists.org/archive/ilyenkov/works/essays/essay5.htm.

o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 3. The Rise of Modern Philosophy. [Ch.] 3 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 584-587; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

o Redding Paul. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, in: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hegel/.

o Russell Bertrand. A History of Western Philosophy. – Book III, Ch. XXII; http://archive.org/stream/westernphilosoph035502mbp#page/n757/mode/2up.

o Windelband Wilhelm. A History of Philosophy (authorised translation by James H. Tufts). – § 42; http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso007974mbp#page/n617/mode/2up; also: http://archive.org/stream/historyofphiloso02wind#page/590/mode/2up.

Review Literature to Sections   4 - 5 :

Compulsory readings:o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Vol. III. The Rise of Modern

Philosophy. [Ch.] 4-10 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), pp. 117-312; see also Internet resources.

Internet resources:o Kenny Anthony. A New History of Western Philosophy [e-book]. – Part 3. The Rise of

Modern Philosophy. [Ch.] 4-10 (Oxford: Clarendon Press / Oxford University Press; 2010), pp. 588-747; available from: eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost).

Section 6. National Philosophy as Culture Self-Understanding: The Russian Philosophy of the 19th and 20th Centuries.

Topic 6.1 . Westernizers, Slavophiles, and Eurasianists: Search for Cultural Identity.

Summary: Pyotr Chaadayev: the riddle of Russia. Early Slavophiles: the character of Russian culture. Westernizers: progress versus isolation. Later Slavophiles: cultural diversity versus cultural uniformity. Eurasianists; a new version of Antiwesternism.

Seminar 6.1. Westernizers, Slavophiles, and Eurasianists: Search for Cultural Identity.

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Compulsory readings:o Beisswenger Martin. Eurasianism: Affirming the Person in an “Era of Faith”, in:

Hamburg G. M. and Poole Randall A. (eds.). A History of Russian Philosophy. 1830-1930: Faith, Reason and the Defense of Human Dignity. – Ch. 18 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 363-380.

o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 17. Westernizers, Slavophiles, and Eurasianists: Search for Cultural Identity (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students), pp. 304-337; see also Internet resources.

o Horujy Sergey. Slavophiles, Westernizers, and the Birth of Russian Philosophical Humanism, in: Hamburg G. M. and Poole Randall A. (eds.). A History of Russian Philosophy. 1830-1930: Faith, Reason and the Defense of Human Dignity. – Ch. 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 27-51.

o Offord Derek. Alexander Herzen, in: Hamburg G. M. and Poole Randall A. (eds.). A History of Russian Philosophy. 1830-1930: Faith, Reason and the Defense of Human Dignity. – Ch. 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 52-68.

Further readings:o Berdyayev Nicolas. The Russian Idea. – Ch. II (New York: Macmillan, 1948),

pp. 34-71; see also Internet resources. o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 10: Russian Philosophy. – Ch. 2-4

(London & New York: Continuum, 2003), pp. 26-99.o Lossky Nicolay. History of Russian Philosophy. – Ch. I-III (London: Allen & Unwin;

1952), pp. 9-58. Internet resources:

o Berdyayev Nicolas. The Russian Idea. – Ch. II; http://archive.org/stream/russianidea017842mbp#page/n11/mode/2up.

o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 17. Westernizers, Slavophiles, and Eurasianists: Search for Cultural Identity; http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.

o Young Sarah J. Russian Thought. – Lecture 1: Petr Chaadaev and the Russian Question; http://sarahjyoung.com/site/2012/10/10/russian-thought-lecture-1-petr-chaadaev-and-the-russian-question/.

o Young Sarah J. Russian Thought. – Lecture 2: The Slavophiles and Russian Communality; http://sarahjyoung.com/site/2012/10/24/russian-thought-lecture-2-the-slavophiles-and-russian-communality/.

o Young Sarah J. Russian Thought. – Lecture 3: The Westernizers and Concepts of the Self: From Reconciliation to Action; http://sarahjyoung.com/site/2012/11/08/russian-thought-lecture-3-the-westernizers-and-concepts-of-the-self-from-reconciliation-to-action/.

Topic 6.2 . Vladimir Solovyov: Philosophy of Absolute Unity.

Summary: The theory of integral knowledge: beyond the dichotomy of empiricism and rationalism. The ontology of Absolute Unity. Categories of organic logic. Sophiology. Godmanhood. Historiosophy. Theocratic Utopia.

Seminar 6.2. Vladimir Solovyov: Philosophy of Absolute Unity.

Compulsory readings:

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o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy: A Multimedia Manual. – Lecture 18. Vladimir Solovyov: Philosophy of Absolute Unity (MGIMO-University Publishing House, 2016) (MGIMO Books for International Students), pp. 338-362; see also Internet resources.

o Poole Randall A. Vladimir Solov’ëv’s Philosophical Anthropology: Autonomy. Dignity, Perfectibility, in: Hamburg G. M. and Poole Randall A. (eds.). A History of Russian Philosophy. 1830-1930: Faith, Reason and the Defense of Human Dignity. – Ch. 6 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), pp. 131-149.

Further readings:o Berdyayev Nicolas. The Russian Idea. – Ch. VIII, § 2 (New York: Macmillan, 1948),

pp. 166-139; see also Internet resources. o Copleston Frederick. A History of Philosophy. – Vol. 10: Russian Philosophy. – Ch. 9

(London & New York: Continuum, 2003), pp. 201-240.o Lossky Nicolay. History of Russian Philosophy. – Ch. VIII (London: Allen & Unwin;

1952), pp. 81-133. Internet resources:

o Berdyayev Nicolas. The Russian Idea. – Ch. VIII; http://archive.org/stream/russianidea017842mbp#page/n11/mode/2up.

o Biryukov Nikolai. The Basics of Philosophy. – Lecture 18. Vladimir Solovyov: Philosophy of Absolute Unity; http://ed.mgimo.ru/course/view.php?id=81.

o Young Sarah J. Russian thought. – Lecture 8: Vladimir Solov’ev: Godmanhood, Sophia, and Erotic Utopianism; http://sarahjyoung.com/site/2013/02/18/russian-thought-lecture-8-vladimir-solovev-godmanhood-sophia-and-erotic-utopianism/.

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