SYNCHRETISMMINI PROJECT

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION AND ENGENEERING

Completed by “K.M.K.RAGHAVA, 11KP1A0456” Mini-Project along with my Team Members

Team Members Reg.No K.ANIL KUMAR 11KP1A0449 K.B.S.PRIYANKA 11KP1A0451 K.H.P.MOUNIKA 11KP1A0452 K.ANITHA 11KP1A0453 K.ANUSHA 11KP1A0454 K.RAMYA 11KP1A0455 K.SIVA PRASAD 11KP1A0457 M.MOUNIKA 11KP1A0459 M.PRAVALIKA 11KP1A0460 B.ROOPA RANI 12KP5A0401 D.DEEPTHI 12KP5A0405 G.VAMSI KRISHNA 12KP5A0408 J.CHAITANYA 12KP5A0409

Under the Supervisor of Ms.Joyce P.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the Scholar

O.HENRY Prepared by,

D.Deepthi,12KP5A0405.

Name Born

William sydney porter September 11, 1862Greensboro, North Carolina

Died June 5, 1910 (aged 47)New York City, New York

Pen name O. Henry, Olivier Henry, Oliver Henry.

Occupation Writer

Nationality American

Early lifeWilliam Sidney Porter was born on September 11, 1862, in Greensboro, North Carolina. His middle name at birth was Sidney; he changed the spelling to Sydney in 1898. His parents were Dr. Algernon Sidney Porter (1825–1888), a physician, and Mary Jane Virginia Swaim Porter (1833–1865). They were married on April 20, 1858. When William was three, his mother died from tuberculosis, and he and his father moved into the home of his maternal grandmother. As a child, Porter was always reading, everything from classics to dime novels; his favorite works were Lane's translation of One Thousand and One Nights, and Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy.Porter graduated from his auntEvelina Maria Porter's elementary school in 1876. He then enrolled at the Lindsey Street High School. His aunt continued to tutor him until he was fifteen. In 1879, he started working in his uncle's drugstore and in 1881, at the age of nineteen, he was licensed as a pharmacist. At the drugstore, he also showed off his natural artistic talents by sketching the townsfolk.

Move to Texas

Porter led an active social life in Austin, including membership in singing and drama groups. Porter was a good singer and musician. He played both the guitar and mandolin. He became a member of the "Hill City Quartet," a group of young men who sang at gatherings and serenaded young women of the town. Porter met and began courting Athol Estes, then seventeen years old and from a wealthy family. Her mother objected to the match because Athol was ill, suffering from tuberculosis. On July 1, 1887, Porter eloped with Athol to the home of Reverend R. K. Smoot, where they wer Porter family in early 1890s—Athol, daughter Margaret, WilliamThe couple continued to participate in musical and theater groups, and Athol encouraged her husband to pursue his writing. Athol gave birth to a son in 1888, who died hours after birth, and then a daughter, Margaret Worth Porter, in September 1889. Porter's friend Richard Hall became Texas Land Commissioner and offered Porter a job. Porter started as a draftsman at the Texas General Land Office (GLO) in 1887 at a salary of $100 a month, drawing maps from surveys and field notes. The salary was enough to support his family, but he continued his contributions to magazines and newspapers.Flight and return

Porter's father-in-law posted bail to keep Porter out of jail, but the day before Porter was due to stand trial on July 7, 1896, he fled, first to New Orleans and later to Honduras. While holed up in a Trujillo hotel for several months, he wrote Cabbages and Kings, in which he coined the term "banana republic" to describe the country, subsequently used to describe almost any small, unstable tropical nation in Latin America. Porter had sent Athol and Margaret back to Austin to live with Athol's parents. Unfortunately, Athol became too ill to meet Porter in Honduras as Porter had planned. When he learned that his wife was dying, Porter returned to Austin in February 1897 and surrendered to the court, pending an appeal. Once again, Porter's father-in-law posted bail so Porter could stay with Athol and Margaret.Athol Estes Porter died on July 25, 1897, from tuberculosis (then known as consumption). Porter, having little to say in his own defense, was found guilty of embezzlement in February 1898, sentenced to five years in prison, and imprisoned on March 25, 1898, as federal prisoner 30664 at the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus, Ohio. While in prison, Porter, as a licensed pharmacist, worked in the prison hospital as the night druggist. Porter was given his own room in the hospital wing, and there is no record that he actually spent time in the cell block of the prison. He had fourteen stories published under various pseudonyms while he was in prison, but was becoming best known as "O. Henry", a pseudonym that first appeared over the story "Whistling Dick's Christmas Stocking" in the December 1899 issue of McClure's Magazine. A friend of his in New Orleans would forward his stories to publishers, so they had no idea the writer was imprisoned. Porter was released on July 24, 1901, for good behavior after serving three years.

Later lifePorter's most prolific writing period started in 1902, when he moved to New York City to be near his publishers. While there, he wrote 381 short stories. He wrote a story a week for over a year for the New York World Sunday Magazine. His wit, characterization, and plot twists were adored by his readers, but often panned by critics. Porter married again in 1907, to childhood sweetheart Sarah (Sallie) Lindsey Coleman, whom he met again after revisiting his native state of North Carolina.Porter was a heavy drinker, and his health deteriorated markedly in 1908, which affected his writing. In 1909, Sarah left him, and he died on June 5, 1910, of cirrhosis of the liver, complications of diabetes, and an enlarged heart. After funeral services in New York City, he was buried in the Riverside Cemetery in Asheville, North Carolina. His daughter, Margaret Worth Porter, who died in 1927, was buried next to her father.

*Pen namePorter gave various explanations for the origin of his pen name. In 1909 he gave an interview to The New York Times, in which he gave an account of it.It was during these New Orleans days that I adopted my pen name of O. Henry. I said to a friend: "I'm going to send out some stuff. I don't know if it amounts to much, so I want to get a literary alias. Help me pick out a good one." He suggested that we get a newspaper and pick a name from the first list of notables that we found in it. In the society columns we found the account of a fashionable ball. "Here we have our notables," said he. We looked down the list and my eye lighted on the name Henry, "That'll do for a last name," said I. "Now for a first name. I want something short. None of your three-syllable names for me." "Why don’t you use a plain initial letter, then?" asked my friend. "Good," said I, "O is about the easiest letter written, and O it is."A newspaper once wrote and asked me what the O stands for. I replied, "O stands for Olivier, the French for Oliver." And several of my stories accordingly appeared in that paper under the name Olivier Henry.In the introduction to The World of O. Henry: Roads of Destiny and Other Stories (Hodder& Stoughton, 1973), William Trevor writes that when Porter was in the Ohio State Penitentiary "there was a prison guard named Orrin Henry, whom William Sydney Porter . . . immortalised as O. Henry".The writer and scholar Guy Davenport offers another explanation: "[T]he pseudonym that he began to write under in prison is constructed from the first two letters of Ohio and the second

THE GIFT OF THE MAGI Prepared by,

K. Anitha,11KP1A0453.K. Siva Prasad,11KP1A0457

One dollar and eighty-seven cents. That was all. And sixty cents of it was in pennies. Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one's cheeks burned with the silent imputation of parsimony that such close dealing implied. Three times Della counted it. One dollar and eighty- seven cents. And the next day would be Christmas.

There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. So Della did it. Which instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating.

While the mistress of the home is gradually subsiding from the first stage to the second, take a look at the home. A furnished flat at $8 per week. It did not exactly beggar description, but it certainly had that word on the lookout for the mendicancy squad.

In the vestibule below was a letter-box into which no letter would go, and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring. Also appertaining thereunto was a card bearing the name "Mr. James Dillingham Young."

The "Dillingham" had been flung to the breeze during a former period of prosperity when its possessor was being paid $30 per week. Now, when the income was shrunk to $20, though, they were thinking seriously of contracting to a modest and unassuming D. But whenever Mr. James Dillingham Young came home and reached his flat above he was called "Jim" and greatly hugged by Mrs. James Dillingham Young, already introduced to you as Della. Which is all very good.

Della finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag. She stood by the window and looked out dully at a gray cat walking a gray fence in a gray backyard. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. She had been saving every penny she could for months, with this result. Twenty dollars a week doesn't go far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated. They always are. Only $1.87 to buy a present for Jim.Her Jim. Many a happy hour she had spent planning for something nice for him. Something fine and rare and sterling--something just a little bit near to being worthy of the honor of being owned by Jim.

There was a pier-glass between the windows of the room. Perhaps you have seen a pier-glass in an $8 flat. A very thin and very agile person may, by observing his reflection in a rapid sequence of longitudinal strips, obtain a fairly accurate conception of his looks. Della, being slender, had mastered the art.

Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the glass. Her eyes were shining brilliantly, but her face had lost its color within twenty seconds. Rapidly she pulled down her hair and let it fall to its full length. Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim's gold watch that had been his father's and his grandfather's. The other was Della's hair. Had the queen of Sheba lived in the flat across the airshaft, Della would have let her hair hang out the window some day to dry just to depreciate Her Majesty's jewels and gifts. Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all his treasures piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his watch every time he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard from envy.

So now Della's beautiful hair fell about her rippling and shining like a cascade of brown waters. It reached below her knee and made itself almost a garment for her. And then she did it up again nervously and quickly. Once she faltered for a minute and stood still while a tear or two splashed on the worn red carpet.

On went her old brown jacket; on went her old brown hat. With a whirl of skirts and with the brilliant sparkle still in her eyes, she fluttered out the door and down the stairs to the street.

Where she stopped the sign read: "Mne. Sofronie.Hair Goods of All Kinds." One flight up Della ran, and collected herself, panting. Madame, large, too white, chilly, hardly looked the "Sofronie." "Will you buy my hair?" asked Della.

"I buy hair," said Madame. "Take yer hat off and let's have a sight at the looks of it." Down rippled the brown cascade. "Twenty dollars," said Madame, lifting the mass with a practised hand. "Give it to me quick," said Della.

Oh, and the next two hours tripped by on rosy wings. Forget the hashed metaphor. She was ransacking the stores for Jim's present.

She found it at last. It surely had been made for Jim and no one else. There was no other like it in any of the stores, and she had turned all of them inside out. It was a platinum fob chain simple and chaste in design, properly proclaiming its value by substance alone and not by meretricious ornamentation--as all good things should do. It was even worthy of The Watch. As soon as she saw it she knew that it must be Jim's. It was like him. Quietness and value--the description applied to both. Twenty-one dollars they took from her for it, and she hurried home with the 87 cents. With that chain on his watch Jim might be properly anxious about the time in any company. Grand as the watch was, he sometimes looked at it on the sly on account of the old leather strap that he used in place of a chain.

When Della reached home her intoxication gave way a little to prudence and reason. She got out her curling irons and lighted the gas and went to work repairing the ravages made by generosity added to love. Which is always a tremendous task, dear friends--a mammoth task.

Within forty minutes her head was covered with tiny, close-lying curls that made her look wonderfully like a truant schoolboy. She looked at her reflection in the mirror long, carefully, and critically.

"If Jim doesn't kill me," she said to herself, "before he takes a second look at me, he'll say I look like a Coney Island chorus girl. But what could I do--oh! What could I do with a dollar and eighty- seven cents?"

At 7 o'clock the coffee was made and the frying-pan was on the back of the stove hot and ready to cook the chops.

Jim was never late. Della doubled the fob chain in her hand and sat on the corner of the table near the door that he always entered. Then she heard his step on the stair away down on the first flight, and she turned white for just a moment. She had a habit for saying little silent prayer about the simplest everyday things, and now she whispered: "Please God, make him think I am still pretty."

The door opened and Jim stepped in and closed it. He looked thin and very serious. Poor fellow, he was only twenty-two--and to be burdened with a family! He needed a new overcoat and he was without gloves.

Jim stopped inside the door, as immovable as a setter at the scent of quail. His eyes were fixed upon Della, and there was an expression in them that she could not read, and it terrified her. It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the sentiments that she had been prepared for. He simply stared at her fixedly with that peculiar expression on his face. Della wriggled off the table and went for him.

"Jim, darling," she cried, "don't look at me that way. I had my hair cut off and sold because I couldn't have lived through Christmas without giving you a present. It'll grow out again--you won't mind, will you? I just had to do it. My hair grows awfully fast. Say `Merry Christmas!' Jim, and let's be happy. You don't know what a nice-- what a beautiful, nice gift i've got for you."

"You've cut off your hair?" asked Jim, laboriously, as if he had not arrived at that patent fact yet even after the hardest mental labor.

"Cut it off and sold it," said Della. "Don't you like me just as well, anyhow? I'm me without my hair, aim’s I?" Jim looked about the room curiously. "You say your hair is gone?" he said, with an air almost of idiocy.

"You needn't look for it," said Della. "It's sold, I tell you--sold and gone, too. It's Christmas Eve, boy. Be good to me, for it went for you. Maybe the hairs of my head were numbered," she went on with sudden serious sweetness, "but nobody could ever count my love for you. Shall I put the chops on, Jim?"

Out of his trance Jim seemed quickly to wake. He enfolded his Della. For ten seconds let us regard with discreet scrutiny some inconsequential object in the other direction. Eight dollars a week or a million a year--what is the difference? A mathematician or a wit would give you the wrong answer. The magi brought valuable gifts, but that was not among them. This dark assertion will be illuminated later on.

Jim drew a package from his overcoat pocket and threw it upon the table.

"Don't make any mistake, Dell," he said, "about me. I don't think there's anything in the way of a haircut or a shave or a shampoo that could make me like my girl any less. But if you'll unwrap that package you may see why you had me going a while at first."

White fingers and nimble tore at the string and paper. And then an ecstatic scream of joy; and then, alas! A quick feminine change to hysterical tears and wails, necessitating the immediate employment of all the comforting powers of the lord of the flat.

For there lay The Combs--the set of combs, side and back, that Della had worshipped long in a Broadway window. Beautiful combs, pure tortoise shell, with jewelled rims--just the shade to wear in the beautiful vanished hair. They were expensive combs, she knew, and her heart had simply craved and yearned over them without the least hope of possession. And now, they were hers, but the tresses that should have adorned the coveted adornments were gone.

But she hugged them to her bosom, and at length she was able to look up with dim eyes and a smile and say: "My hair grows so fast, Jim!" And them Della leaped up like a little singed cat and cried, "Oh, oh!"

Jim had not yet seen his beautiful present. She held it out to him eagerly upon her open palm. The dull precious metal seemed to flash with a reflection of her bright and ardent spirit.

"Isn't it a dandy, Jim? I hunted all over town to find it. You'll have to look at the time a hundred times a day now. Give me your watch. I want to see how it looks on it."

Instead of obeying, Jim tumbled down on the couch and put his hands under the back of his head and smiled.

"Dell," said he, "let's put our Christmas presents away and keep 'em a while. They're too nice to use just at present. I sold the watch to get the money to buy your combs. And now suppose you put the chops on."

The magi, as you know, were wise men--wonderfully wise men--who brought gifts to the Babe in the manger. They invented the art of giving Christmas presents. Being wise, their gifts were no doubt wise ones, possibly bearing the privilege of exchange in case of duplication. And here I have lamely related to you the uneventful chronicle of two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other the greatest treasures of their house. But in a last word to the wise of these days let it be said that of all who give gifts these two were the wisest. O all who give and receive gifts, such as they are wisest. Everywhere they are wisest. They are the magi.

VOCABULARY Prepared by,

K.M.K.Raghava,11KP1A0456. K.H.P.Mounika,11KP1A0452.

Honk = callUsage:-When a goose honks it makes a loud noise.

Frost’s = To cover somethingUsage:-The mirror was frosted up.

Denizens = InhabitantUsage:-Polar bears denizens of frozen north..

Foot man = ServantUsage:-She summoned a foot man,who duly arrived. .

Means = The money that a person hasUsage:-People should according to their means.

Hibernatorial = To spend in a state like deep sleepUsage:-To go into/out come of hibernation.

Soporific = Make u want to go to sleepUsage:-The soporific effect of the sun.

Congenial = PleasantUsage:-A congenial working environment.

Hegira = Flight. Benign = Beneficial

Usage:-We are looking for a environmentally bengin alternative to bleach. Eleemosynary = Charity

Usage:-Hospitals were built as a result of private philanthropy and government intervention. Encumbered = Burdened

Usage:-The business is encumbered with debts. Toll = Price,amount

Usage:-The official death tool has now reached 7000. Inquisition = Questioning

Usage:-She then subjected to an inquisition about my romantic life. Meddle = Interfere

Usage:-He had no right to meddle in her affairs. Unduly = Excessively

Usage:-The thought did not disturb her unduly. Insolvency = Bankruptcy

Usage:-The company is close to insolvency.

Magistrate = JudgeUsage:-A magistrate’s court.

Haste = Speed , HurryUsage:-The letter had clearly been written in haste.

Averted = PreventedUsage:-A disaster was narrowly averted.

Ignoble = NobleUsage:-An ignoble person.

Menaced = ThreatUsage:-A new initiative aimed at beating the menace of illegal drugs.

Coveted = DesireUsage:-He had long coveted the chance to work with a famous musician.

Cunningly = CleverlyUsage:-It was a cunning piece of detective work.

Conspicuous = AttractiveUsage:-The advertisements were all posted in a conspicuous place..

Pretensions = A calm to be or to do somethingUsage:-The movie makes no pretension to reproduce life.

Crockery = DishesUsage:-They would like crockery and cutlery as wedding presents.

Callous = CruelUsage:-A callous Killer.

Woo = Try to get the support of somebodyUsage:- Voters are being wooed with promises of lower taxes.

Fatuous = StupidUsage:- A fatuous comment.

Cinch = EasyUsage:-The first question is very cinch.

Guise = appearanceUsage:-His speech presented raciest ideas cuder the guise of nationalism.

Sprightly = LivelyUsage:-She’s very sprightly for her age.

Demeanour = LooksUsage:- He maintained a demeanourthroughtout.

Brazenly = Boldly Usage:-She had brazenly admitted allowing him back into the house.

Contemptible = hatefulUsage:-Contemptible behavior.

Litany = speech Usage:- A litany of Complaints.

Bestowed = GaveUsage:-It was a title bestowed upon him by the king.

Insular = Protective Usage:-The coastal and insular areas.

Suds = Lather Usage:-she was up to her elbows in suds.

Oak = The hard wood of the oak tree Usage:-This table is made of solid oak.

Librettos = songs Usage:-The collection contains hundreds of Italian opera librettos.

Rendered = Make Usage:-To render something harmless.

Gibberish = Nonsence Usage:-You are talking gibberish in your sleep.

Unavailing = Unsuccessful Usage:-Their efforts were unavailing.

Racket = Noise Usage:-Stop making the terrible racket.

Unattainable = Impossible to achieveUsage:-an unattainable goal.

Saunter = Walk in a slow relaxed wayUsage:-He sauntered by looking as if he had all the time in the world.

Larceny = Minor theft Usage:-The couple were charged with petty larceny.

Presentiment = Something about to occurUsage:-A presentiment of disaster.

Wrathfully = AngrilyUsage:-“Where have you been?” She demanded wrathfully.

Clutches = controlUsage:-He managed to escape from their clutches.

Turmoil = ConfusionUsage:-Her mind was in a turmoil.

Instinct = IntuitionUsage:-Her instincts had been right.

Loitered = Hang aroundUsage:-Teenagers were loitering in the street outside.

SUMMARY Prepared by,

K. Anil Kumar,11KP1A0449.In New York, once there was a person named soapy. He was moving uneasily on

the bench in the Madison square. A dry leaf fell in the soapy’s lap that indicates i t was cold winter. Soapy was homeless without having any job. He was unable to buy anything on his own. And he was unable to bare that cold winter. For beating that cold winter, he had two options. One was charity and the other one was law. He thought that we must repay everything for acquiring any benefit. So he was decided to go to law than charity.

He wants to be a guest of law. For that he made many trails to go to prison.TRAIL 1:-

The first trail is that eating the food in the restaurant without paying the bill, then the owner may sent him to the prison but it was reversed for him. The restaurant owner understood that soapy has no afford to pay money by looking his dress and sent him out.

TRAIL 2:-In the second trail, while he was walking on the road he saw a shop with glass door.

Immediately he throw a pebble to the glass and it was broken. The police came and asked soapy, Who done this? And soapy replied that “It was done by me.” The police did not believe what soapy said. At that time, one person running besides them to catch a car then the police thought that the mistake was done by him and he ran to catch that person. In this way this attempt also fails.

TRAIL 3:-In his third trail, he was thinking that eating the food bellyful without paying the bill in the

restaurant. While he was thinking like that he was gone to a restaurant. He ordered many food items like mallard duck and many more items. He ate all the food items that he had ordered. Then the waiter asked him to pay the bill. Soapy replied that he had no money to pay the bill and he offered him to sent him to the prison. Then the waiter and owner of the restaurant understood that he was unable to pay the bill by looking his indecent dress. So they sent him out.

TRAIL 4:The fourth trail was teasing a girl. He saw a woman standing infront of a shop and also saw a

police standing few yards away from him. So he decided to tease that girl. He stood infront of that girl and smiled in a silly way by adjusting his dress. But the girl did not take that matter seriously and left that place. By seeing this, the police thought that he was not teasing the girl and he also went away. This trail was also failed to go to prison.

TRAIL 5:-At last, he was trying to steal an umbrella from the shop. so, soapy hold an umbrella which was

hanged infront of the shop and went away. Then the owner of the umbrella followed him and hold him that it was my umbrella. They argued each other and finally the owner of the umbrella said that it was not mine, I did a mistake and he himself gave that umbrella and went away.

In this way all attempts of soapy to go to prison was failed.

At last he sat near a church and thinking about all the attempts that he was done. At that time a sudden and wonderful change in his mind and he decided to do a job in a restaurant. Then the cop came and ask him “what was doing here?”. He replied nothing sir. Then cop takes him to the prison.

Feelings of an orphanPrepared by,J.Chaitanya,12KP5A0409.

The orphan is a person who doesn’t have parents and guardians.No one takes care of them and nobody can’t share their feelings.They feel that they are left alone child, they don’t have proper food, shelter and they will be a literatures in their feelings.They feel alone in heavy crowed because they don’t have any relation in their life.They pray to the god and they believe that the god listens them what they are saying. The society will treat those insults so, they live away from the society.The society should help to the orphans and the society should remember that they are also one part of the society.“If we help to the orphans then the country will be have at least one literature in the future.”

Life style of “MUMBAI”Prepared by,K.B.S.Priyanka,11KP1A0451.B. Rupa Rani,12KP5A0401.

Location :Location:18.96°N,72.82°EAltitude:10metresto15metresArea:603sqkm

Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra, is sited on the western coast of India. Its geographical location accedes to have the surging Arabian Sea as its background. The terrain of the city came into existence with the merger of seven islands namely, Isle of Bombay, Mazagaon, Colaba, Old Woman's Island, Parel, Worli, and Salsette Island. Mumbai lies just above sea level, with its meager altitude ranging from 10 to 15 metres.

The Island City is divided into two different regions, one the city itself and the other, its suburbs. In the coastal region called Konkan, Mumbai (or Bombay) is to be found at the mouth of Ulhas River. The mountains dominate the northern part of the city, where the highest point elevates to 450 metres in Sanjay Gandhi National Park. Sprawled in the total area of 603 km², the Bollywood city is dotted with lakes like Powai, Tulsi and Vihar Lake.

Moreover, there are three small rivers within the periphery of the Island City. Numerous creeks and bays are strewn on its coastline. On the eastern coast of Salsette Island, the area is cloaked with large mangroves, while the western coast is generally sandy and stony. In Mumbai, the soil cover is largely sandy because of its propinquity to the sea. Geography states that the underlying rock of the expanse is made of Black Deccan Basalt flows and their acid and basic variants.

About Mumbai:Mumbai is one of the most glamorous and happening cites of India. Being highly

influenced by the British during the colonial rule, the city has transformed drastically and is now known as the commercial capital of the country. It has an unfaltering lifestyle and never comes to a halt. Besides, Bombay has been bestowed with a host of tourist attractions which are thronged by a great influx of tourists every year. Therefore, the sightseeing tour to the city will refresh you by all means. Moreover, these tourists spots will not only make your tour exciting, but will also provide an insight to the place.

People of Mumbai :Mumbai residents are known as Mumbaikar or Bombayite. Know about the people and

lifestyle of Bombay, India.Mumbaikar or Bombayite is the term used for the inhabitants of Mumbai. Similar to the people in other parts of India, Mumbaikars are lively people, who live life to its fullest. Mumbai has a transfusion of various communities, following different religions and customs. It is an

excellent example of synchronization between people, who have come from diverse regions. As the Island city has a profusion of work, people have migrated here for finding jobs or setting up business. Being a metropolitan city, Mumbai is both technologically and industrially advanced. Despite the fact that people have adapted themselves to the contemporary lifestyle, accustomed with gizmos and gadgets, they are deeply enrooted in the traditional values and principles.

The people are God-fearing and respect their religion, but it doesn't mean they are orthodox. If they enjoy going to their places of worship, they equally enjoy going to pubs & discos.

Mumbai is the fifth most populated city in the world. And this crowded city glitters day and night. Like any other big city on the planet, the people of Mumbai live a fast-paced life. They are dedicated towards their work and at the same time, leave no excuses while enjoying parties and festivals. In short and snappy terms, Mumbaikars are really nice people, who are living fast life, yet taking pleasure in each and every moment.

Religions :Mumbaikars tend to get busy in their demanding schedules of life, but when it comes to

religion, people appear to be highly devout. Religion plays an important role in the lives of people in Mumbai. Like any other part of India, Hinduism is the major religion observed by most of the residents of Bombay. Apart from Hinduism, the other religions followed here are Islam, Jainism, Zoroastrianism and Christianity.

The laudable part is that however people follow different religions; they live happily and celebrate each and every religious festival with full enthusiasm. Mumbai has a considerable population of Parsis, who were the first ones to settle here after Koli fisher folks. Temples, churches as well as mosques, make the major places of worship in the city. In precise terms, Mumbai has people following different religions, yet they live in complete harmony with one another.

Culture : Mumbai is the most-sought after destination in India, attributable to the glamorous silver-screen and the business hub. Another reason could be that it is a major international doorway to the spiritual country. People visiting this glittering city for the first time must be pondering as what to wear and how to dress up here. Candidly speaking, Mumbai's 'bindaas' attitude evidently appears in the clothes people wear. Here you can find girls wearing the outfits of the latest fashion. Even boys are not behind in dressing themselves as per the current trends. In fact, you can find the replica of HrithikRoshan as well as KareenaKapoor in their newest movie clothing while walking through the streets. So don't get confused, it is just about fashion in Bombay. People tend to garb in the hottest fashion clothes as soon as they appear in the market.

Mumbaikars from old age group wear very simple dresses, which could be sari or suit for women and kurta-pyjamas or shirt-trousers for men. All types of clothing are acceptable in Mumbai, be it traditional or most-modern. However, one should wear what he/she can carry in a better way. It's always preferable to dress in a decent manner, so as to avoid any unwanted attention. Since Mumbai is located on the coast moreover in the tropical region, it is always warm and humid.

Languages :Marathi is the official language of Mumbai (Bombay), yet languages like Hindi and English are widely spoken by the people.

Marathi is recognized as the official language of the Mumbai city of India. It is the most widely spoken language in the city. Apart from Marathi, there are many other languages that are spoken and understood in Bombay. Mumbaiya or Bambaiya Hindi is the slang language of Mumbaikars. This colloquial speech is a blend of Marathi, Hindi and English. Mumbaiya Hindi is extensively used on the streets of this Island city. The literacy rate in the city is above 86%, subsequently people have flair of education and culture.Hindi, English and Marathi are counted amongst the major languages in Mumbai, spoken by the common masses. Hindi, being the national language, forms the dialect of 30% of the people. English, nevertheless, enjoys an associate status and is used for national, political as well as commercial communication. English is largely spoken by the people. Infact, it is the major language of the professional and managerial personnel in the city.

Places :Mumbai, the lively city of Maharashtra, is most contemporary in its approach towards

life, yet its roots are deeply grounded in traditions and ethnicity. Highlighting the spiritual facet, the city has many religious places to brag of. Seeing that it has a repository of many religions and sects, there are many places of worship, counting temples, churches and mosques. These holy places represent the religious sentiments of the people residing in Bombay. Moreover, the city-dwellers are living happily under the kind shelter of the divine places. Mumbai owes its name to Mumba Devi, who is the patron deity of the Koli fisher folks. While Mahalakshmi Temple presents a panoramic view of the Arabian Sea,

congregation at Siddhivinayak Temple depicts the unshakeable faith of people. lf is guarding the city from the violent waters of the sea. Scroll down to know more about the major religious places of Mumbai.Gateway of India:

Gateway of India is the landmark of Mumbai city. The monument is situated on the waterfront in the southern part of the city. The gateway is an arch with a height of 26 meters and is made up of yellow basalt and reinforced concrete.

Mumba Devi Temple:Mumba Devi Temple is the most talked of shrine of Mumbai. It is sited at Bhuleshwar, in

the southern part of the Commercial Capital of India. It is dedicated to Goddess Mumba, who is considered as the patron deity of Koli fishermen - the first inhabitants of Bombay.

Mount Mary Church:Mount Mary Church is considered to be the oldest in Mumbai city of India. It is situated

in the West Bandra, past Hill Road, and was built initially around 1640. There are many beliefs connected with the destruction of the church, which was finally rebuilt in 1761.

Haji Ali:Haji Ali is a venerated tomb (dargah) of the Muslims. Not only from Mumbai, people

from all parts of India come to pay homage to this mosque. Located on an island off the shoreline of Worli, Haji Ali Mosque looks stunning amidst the blue waters of the sea. ISKCON Temple:

ISKCON Temple of Mumbai, dedicated to Lord Krishna, is one of the forty ISKCON temples across India. Built by the ISKCON Foundation, the elevated spire of this temple dominates the skyline of Juhu in Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay). Festivals :

Festivals represent the culture of the place. Incase of Mumbai, the fairs & festival depict the multicultural nature of the city, where people from different sections and religions live amicably. Here you can see lavish celebrations of popular festivals like Holi, Diwali, RakshaBandhan, Id-Ul-Fitr as well as Christmas. GudiPadwa is another major occasion observed in the Commercial Capital of India. Since Mumbai has a considerable population of Parsis, the Parsi New Year is also celebrated with much enthusiasm. Some cultural festivals are basically celebrated to encourage tourism and traditional arts in the city. Scroll down to known more about the major fairs and festivals of the Mumbai city of

Maharashtra and if you wish to send a gift to Mumbai on these ocassions, here is a site that has short-listed some of the popular Diwali gifts for you to send across to your loved ones in Mumbai.

Elephanta Festival:Elephanta Island douses in the revelry of dance festival every year in the month of

February. Located about 10 km from the Mumbai Harbor, the island is renowned for embracing Elephanta Caves - one of the World Heritage Sites in India.

Banganga Festival:Banganga Festival is one amongst the most-awaited festivals that is celebrated for two

days in the month of January every year. The picturesque Malabar Hills make the venue for this musical event in the Mumbai city of India. Banganga Music Festival is organized by MTDC.

Ganesh Chaturthi:Ganesh Chaturthi is the blessed day when Lord Ganesha appears to confer happiness to

the people on earth. Also called VinayakaChaturthi, Ganesha Festival is celebrates the birthday of the Lord. It is observed for 10 days, starting from ShuklaChaturthi till AnantaChaturdashi.

Entertainment : Mumbai is a versatile city, where the rationale of entertainment lies in different means. Recreation could be different for different people, some like indulging in late night parties and gobbling the best alcohol, while others may prefer watching movies at cinema halls and splurge in shopping. Regarding nightlife, Mumbai (or Bombay) is the hottest place in the whole country, to catch the great discotheques and nightclubs.

Bowling alleys, huge shopping malls, paragliding, art shows, and many more events make this conurbation completely entertaining. Moreover, Bollywood - the centre of Hindi Film Industry, is the pride of the nation. Silver-screen stars have infused fashion and style in the younger generation. Movies and celebrities bring the latest trends to the markets of India. The groovy lifestyle of Mumbai makes it the hottest destination, where recreation is not limited to amusement parks and beaches, but quite more than that.

Bollywood:Mumbai, the City of Dreams, houses the prime centre of Hindi Film Industry, better

known as Bollywood. Acclaimed as one of the biggest film industries of the world, Bollywood produces over 800 films every year. Since 1913, Indian Cinema has made a long journey from simple silent movies to sound films.

Hangouts:Mumbai is the coolest destination in India, where you can see couples, friends and groups

hanging out. Indeed, Hangouts have become an inseparable part of city's culture. Be it college guys or girls, professionals or others, mooching is a regular feature.

Nightlife:The phrase - 'city that never sleeps', goes right with the most-happening city of India,

Mumbai. The sparkling conurbation gleams all the more in the hours of darkness, when lights illuminate and music reverberates in its streets. It's for sure that its rocking nightclubs would buoy up your bashing spirits.

Paragliding:Envisage the idea of flying over the sea and mountains with wings of your own. Feeling

great, yes and why not? Perhaps it is the veiled thought of almost every person. Mumbai, the Dream City, actually offers you the chance of flying and pleasing your craved thoughts. Mumbai cuisine :

Food simply means scrumptious dishes in Mumbai. The Chaupati Beach always reminds one of the lip-smacking 'BhelPuri', a fast-food made of puffed rice, with lots of chillies, sauces and chopped onions. A typical Bombay platter consists of curries, rice, curd, chapattis, vegetable, salad, sweets etc. In fact, platter system is quite prevalent in the city and makes the most-preferred meal, seeing that it contains the all-inclusive diet of an individual.

The traditional food of Mumbai is just awesome. Mumbai's dishes like BombilBatataBhaji, KamagKakri, SolachiKadhietc, are famous all over India. Here, people enjoy their own variety of fast-food, which ranges from BhelPuri to PavBhaji and VadaPav to PaniPuri. Most of these snacks are really hot and spicy, which would certainly tickle your taste-buds. VadaPav, the hamburger of Mumbai, is a deep fried cutlet made of potatoes inside round-shaped bread.

PavBhaji and PaniPuri are the most loved snacks amongst most of the Indians. Where PaniPuri is puffed puris filled with sprouts and potatoes, PavBhaji is made of vegetables and is eaten with round-shaped bread. Chidva or flattened rice cooked with spices and vegetables is another great recipe from the capital of Maharashtra. Shrikhand, Shira, Chikki and PuranPoli are its famous desserts that are appreciated round the world.

NEW YORKPrepared by,M.Pravalika,11KP1A0460.M.Mounika,11KP1A0459.

New York is the most populous city in the United States of America and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. A global power city,New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters,York is an important center for international diplomacyand has been describe History.

Early history:In the pre-colonial era the area of present-day New York City was inhabited by various

bands of Algonquian tribes of Native Americans, including the Lenape, whose homeland, known as Lenapehoking, included Staten Island, the western portion of Long Island including the area that would become Brooklyn and Queens, Manhattan, and the Lower Hudson Valley, including The Bronx.

The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into Upper New York Harbor, where he spent one night aboard ship and sailed out the next day. He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême”. In January a year later, Esteban Gomez, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V of Spain, entered New York Harbor and charted the mouth of the Hudson river which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration.

Tourism:Further information: Tourism in New York City and List of museums and cultural

institutions in New York City.Times Square has the highest annual attendance rate of any tourist attraction in the US, and according to Travel + Leisure magazine's October 2011 survey, the world.Tourism is one of New York City's most vital industries, with more than 40 million combined domestic and international tourists visiting each year in the past five years .

Major destinations include the Empire State Building; Statue of Liberty; Ellis Island; Broadway theater productions; museums such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art; greenspaces such as Central Park and Washington Square Park; Rockefeller Center; Times Square; the Manhattan Chinatown; luxury shopping along Fifth and Madison Avenues; and events such as the Halloween Parade in Greenwich Village; the

Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade; the St. Patrick's Day parade; seasonal activities such as ice skating in Central Park in the wintertime; the Tribeca Film Festival; and free performances in Central Park at Summerstage. Special experiences outside the key tourist areas of the city include the Bronx Zoo; Coney Island; Flushing Meadows-Corona Park; and the New York Botanical Garden.

In 2010, New York City received nearly 49 million tourists]subsequently surpassed by a record 50 million tourists in 2011.Geography:

New York city is located in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston. The location at the mouth of the Hudson River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading city. Much of New York is built on the three islands of Manhattan, Staten Island, and Long Island, making land scarce and encouraging a high population density.

The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary.[101] The Hudson separates the city from New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait—flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely fresh water river in the city.

The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along the waterfronts since Dutch colonial times. Reclamation is most prominent in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s.Some of the natural variations in topography have been evened out, especially in Manhattan.

The city's total area is468.9 square miles (1,214 km2). 164.1 sq mi (425 km2) of this are water and 304.8 sq mi (789 km2) is land.The highest point in the city is Todt Hill on Staten Island, which, at 409.8 feet (124.9 m) above sea level, is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine.] The summit of the ridge is mostly covered in woodlands as part of the Staten Island Greenbelt.

Architecture:

The Empire State Building and Chrysler Building, built in Art Deco style.New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from

distinct time periods from the saltbox style PieterClaesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, the oldest section of which dates to 1656, to the modern One World Trade Center, the skyscraper currently under construction at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan and currently the most expensive new office tower in the world.

Manhattan's skyline with its many skyscrapers is universally recognized, and the city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world. As of 2011, New York City had 5,937 high-rise buildings, of which 550 completed structures were at least 100 meters high, both second in the world after Hong Kong with over 50 completed skyscrapers taller than 656 feet (200 m). These include the Woolworth Building (1913), an early gothic revival skyscraper built with massively scaled gothic detailing.

The 1916 Zoning Resolution required setback in new buildings, and restricted towers to a percentage of the lot size, to allow sunlight to reach the streets below. The Art Deco style of the Chrysler Building (1930) and Empire State Building (1931), with their tapered tops and steel spires, reflected the zoning requirements. The buildings have distinctive ornamentation, such as the eagles at the corners of the 61st floor on the Chrysler Building, and are considered some of the finest examples of the Art Deco style.] A highly influential example of the international style in the United States is the Seagram Building (1957), distinctive for its façade using visible bronze-toned I-beams to evoke the building's structure. The Condé Nast Building (2000) is a prominent example of green design in American skyscrapers.

Media:

New York is a center for the television, advertising, music, newspaper, and book publishing industries and is also the largest media market in North America (followed by Los Angeles, Chicago, and Toronto). Some of the city's media conglomerates include Time Warner, the Thomson Reuters Corporation, the Associated Press, the News Corporation, The New York Times Company, NBCUniversal, the Hearst Corporation, and Viacom. Seven of the world's top eight global advertising agency networks have their headquarters in New York. Two of the "Big Four" record labels' headquarters, are in New York City—Sony Music Entertainment and Warner Music Group. Universal Music Group and EMI also have major offices in New York. One-third of all American independent films are produced in New York.

More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city and the book-publishing industry employs about 25,000 people.out of the three national daily newspapers in the United States are New York papers: The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, which has won the most Pulitzer Prizes for journalism. Major tabloid newspapers in the city include: The New York Daily News which was founded in 1919 by Joseph Medill Patterson[] and The New York Post, founded in 1801 by Alexander Hamilton. The city also has a comprehensive ethnic press, with 270 newspapers and magazines published in more than 40 languages.El Diario La Prensa is New York's largest Spanish-language daily and the oldest in the nation.The New York Amsterdam News, published in Harlem, is a prominent African American newspaper. The Village Voice is the largest alternative newspaper.

Education:The city's public school system, managed by the New

York City Department of Education, is the largest in the United States. About 1.1 million students are taught in more than 1,200 separate primary and secondary schools.Charter schools, which are partly publicly funded, include Success Academy Charter Schools and Public Prep. There are approximately 900 additional privately run secular and religious schools in the city. About 594,000 students were enrolled as of the 2000 Census in New York City higher education institutions, the

highest number of any city in the United States. In 2005, three out of five Manhattan residents were college graduates and one out of four had advanced degrees, forming one of the highest concentrations of highly educated people in any American city.

New York City is home to such notable private universities as Barnard College, Columbia University, Cooper Union, Fordham University, New York University, The New School, Pace University, and Yeshiva University. The public City University of New York system is one of the largest universities in the nation, and includes a number of undergraduate colleges and associate degree

community colleges, with options in each borough. The city also has other smaller private colleges and universities, including many religious and special-purpose institutions, such as St. John's University, The Juilliard School, The College of Mount Saint Vincent, and The School of Visual Arts.

Fordham University's Keating Hall in The Bronx

Much of the scientific research in the city is done in medicine and the life sciences. New York City has the most post-graduate life sciences degrees awarded annually in the United States, 40,000 licensed physicians, and 127 Nobel laureates with roots in local institutions. [323]The city receives the second-highest amount of annual funding from the National Institutes of Health among all U.S. cities. Major biomedical research institutions include Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Rockefeller University, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine and Weill Cornell Medical College. On December 19, 2011, Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of Cornell University and Technion-Israel Institute of Technology to build a $2 billion graduate school of applied sciences on Roosevelt Island, with the goal of transforming New York City into the world's premier technology capital.

The New York Public Library, which has the largest collection of any public library system in the country, serves Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island. The New York Public Library has several research libraries, including the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. Queens is served by the Queens Borough Public Library, which is the nation's second largest public library system. Lenapehoking, included Staten Island, the western portion of Long Island including the area that would become Brooklyn and Queens, Manhattan, and the Lower Hudson Valley, including The Bronx.

The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into Upper New York Harbor, where he spent one night aboard ship and sailed out the next day. He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême). In January a year later, Esteban Gomez, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V of Spain, entered New York Harbor and charted the mouth of the Hudson river which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration.

Sports:

The US Open Tennis Championships are held every August and September in Flushing Meadows, Queens.

Citi Field has been home to the New York Mets since 2009.

New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League,Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide (MetLife Stadium, the new Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and Citi Field) are located in the New York metropolitan area.

New York has been described as the "Capital of Baseball”. There have been 35 Major League Baseball World Series and 73 pennants won by New York teams. It is one of only five metro areas (Los Angeles, Chicago, Baltimore–Washington, and the San Francisco Bay Area being the others) to have two baseball teams. Additionally, there have been 14 World Series in which two New York City teams played each other, known as a Subway Series and occurring most recently in 2000. No other metropolitan area has had this happen more than once (Chicago in 1906, St. Louis in 1944, and the San Francisco Bay Area in 1989).

The city's two current Major League Baseball teams are the New York Mets and the New York Yankees, who compete in six games of interleague play every regular season that has also come to be called the Subway Series. The Yankees have won a record 27 championships, while the Mets have won the World Series twice. The city also was once home to the Brooklyn Dodgers (now the Los Angeles Dodgers), who won the World Series once, and the New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants), who won the World Series five times. Both teams moved to California in 1958. There are also two minor league baseball teams in the city, the Brooklyn Cyclones and Staten Island Yankees.

Emotions Prepared by,

K.Anusha,11KP1A0454. G.Vamsi Krishna,12Kp5A0408.

Defining EmotionEmotions are hard to measure. It is hard to define what an "emotional state" is and

when one is experiencing one. Therefore, understanding emotional development in infants and children is especially hard because they are limited in their ability to understand and communicate that they are experiencing an emotion.

A. Emotion - an experience that includes a subjective feeling, a cognitive interpretation, a physical reaction, and a behavioral expression.Human emotions consist of four components:1. Cognitive reactions- perception, thinking and memory are involved in emotional expression; what happened 2. Affect - all emotions are affective - involving a positive or negative state; joy, anger, fear, anger, etc. 3. Physiological reaction - hormones attribute to our emotional state. These can increase heart rate and blood pressure. Other changes that can occur are metabolism change and change levels of neurotransmitters in brain.4. Behavioral Responses- emotions motivate us to actively express our feelings; overt behaviors. These may include crying, screaming, facial expressions, or body language..

B. Types of Emotions:Regardless of what theory of emotion one adopts, all emotions fall into two categories:

1. Positive - joy, happiness, content, calm, excitement2. Negative- sadness, fear, anger, contempt, hate, frustration,distress, guilt, shame, embarrassment

C. Function of Emotions:1. Adaptation & Survival- Fear and disgust alert us to danger

and possible contamination, respectively2. Regulation- emotions affect how we perceive the world; recall

memories3. Communication- relay feelings and needs to others

D. Primary or Secondary:

1. Anger - blocking goal destruction of object; onset 9-12 months.

2. Fear - threat or danger protection; facilitates flight or fight3. Sadness - loss something valuable seek help/comfort4. Disgust - gruesome or loathsome object; rejection; push away; poison or sour milk5. Surprise – unexpected event; turn toward; attend; sharpen our focus6. anticipation - new place/event explore & search7. trust – acceptance; membership sharing; cooperation; support and reciprocity8. Joy – gain something valuable; potential mate courting; stimulates paternal nurturing

According to Robert Plutchik (1980), there are eight primary human emotions that relate to adaptive behavior. It is believed that these are innate or develop early on due to their survival values. They are made from four pairs of opposites.

The remaining emotions or emotion blends are secondary – learned over time based upon family expressiveness and life experiences. When intensity is increased, an emotion in the inner circle emerges.

The 7 Human Emotions...

Love:-Possibly the most sought-after human emotion. Feelings of personal affection and

attachment to a particular person or animal are most commonly associated with love. Love can heal all, so we’re told by modern thinkers. It can range from slightly affectionate to deep, true, soul-bearing, all encompassing and solid-as-a-rock. It is the subject of songs, books, great feats of strength and great periods of depression. Some say there are only two true human emotions: Love and Fear. They are potentially opposites of the same thing. Love for a child will differ from love for a husband, wife, mother or father, long lasting friendship or forever companion dog. These feelings can be the fire we use to motivate us to excel, or never “finding a true love” can be the reason some use as to why they never have achieved great success. Related emotions include fondness, passion, contentment and adoration.

Fear:-

Likely known as the emotion most people avoid feeling. A survival or adaptive mechanism, fear is a human emotion that often has unpleasant side effects. In cases of danger or extreme violence, post-traumatic stress disorder can result. Fear can also be protective in that it can help us survive desperate circumstances. It is a response to an immediate perceived threat or source of danger. It allows us to check our surroundings with a heightened vigilance, use our physical senses to locate and assess the source of danger, and quickly react to it. We can also develop fear as a long term consequence to something that has happened and we internalize it. For example, if a childhood friend we knew fell into the water and drowned, we may have learned to fear the water, and carry that fear into adulthood. Related emotions include apprehension, terror, panic, and paranoia.

Grief:-There are many different degrees of grief that we experience as a result of something

we have lost, or a painful emotion we have experienced. The hurt we feel in our heart, or psychological suffering are all indicators of this emotion. We can be slightly disappointed or in the depths of despair. This can also be described as anguish or melancholy. This may colour our views of other situations, and we may become depressed as a result. There is a loss of joy or happiness.

Anger:-If you are feeling a strong feeling of dislike, disapproval or dissatisfaction, you are likely

feeling the first of 7 human emotions, anger. Anger can be felt on a range of intensity, going from slight irritation to totally frustrated! It is usually a result of real or perceived wrongdoing. Rage, fury, exasperation and resentment all relate to the emotion of anger. Anger can be a result of instinct, or can be a reaction to something or someone mistreating or intentionally harming you. Anger turned inwards can lead to depression.Anxiety:-

Anxiety can be difficult to describe, as it is subjective and depends on the perception of the person feeling this emotion. Nervousness and uneasiness characterise anxiety, and it may have no apparent reason. Impending danger (or perceived danger), public speaking, an upcoming interview, having a baby, and day to day routine stress are all examples of anxiety-causing situations that can lead to feelings of anxiety. Apprehension, distress, worry and ambivalence are also related to this 4th of 7 human emotions.

Surprise:-Surprised this is on the list? Many people are! The feeling of surprise can be a

good thing or a bad thing. It is a sudden emotion, and can also include being bewildered, amazed, astonished (he did WHAT?) or being startled by someone or something. It is the reaction to something happening that was not anticipated. A “surprise party” for example could result in great joy and happiness, or dread and fear if someone does not like to be surprised.

Trust:-This refers to an inner strength, or self-assuredness, and allows us to act on our intuition

that we rely on to direct how we feel about certain situations, or people. We will also feel confidence or experience hope. A feeling of being secure, certain in ourselves, someone else, or a situation and faith in a process also characterise this emotion. Consistency and predictability increase trust.

MY OPINION Prepared by,K.Ramya,11KP1A0455.

This lesson seems to be a sarcastic story but after reading thelesson I can understand intentions of the writer. The character named soapy is a person whohas no job and shelter. He want to go to prison for his survival in winter. While shelter inWinter is not at all a problem for other people, it is matter of life and death for people likesoapy. In this context we need to understand the problems faced by those people and try toto be a helping hand.

Here soapy may be influenced by his surroundings but when has a chance to choose what he want to become he decided the wrong way. Fate is inevitable. So, as we cannot change our fate we should change our attitude. A well known Person quoted that “Men are not prisoners of fate, but only prisoners of their own mind”.So our attitude towards our life should be changed.

Nelson Mandela quoted that “I am the master of my fateandthe captain of my destiny.” Everyone should know who they are and who they might they be if they choose. Because fate only takes you so far and it’s up to you what you make out of it. Fate is what you are given and destiny is what you make out of it.

Remember you are born to live.

Don’t live because you are born.

Don’t go the way life takes ………. Take the life the way you go.