Yr 10 History Cold War Revision and Assessment Booklet.

Please make sure you have completed all of the following by 22/5/20:

1)Cold War KT3 Détente & the End of the Cold War (You should have already received the resources for this, from your teacher (either given in school or on INSIGHT) Complete this by 24/4/20.

2)This Cold War Revision and Assessment Booklet: Cold War KT 1 Revision p2-8 for week beginning 27/4/20 Cold War KT2 Revision p9-15 for week beginning 4/5/20 Cold War KT3 Revision p16-22 for week beginning 11/5/20 Cold War Assessment p23-24 for week beginning 18/5/20

Both these resources will need to be brought to school, fully completed, we return.

You will need to email your completed assessment (at the end of this booklet) to your teacher: format: Microsoft word or photos of your answers, by 22/5/20

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Superpower Relations and The Cold War; 1941-91 Key Topic 1

a)Early Tension and the Beginnings of Cold WarIdeological differences: Give headings to show which country each column is describing

Country:politics Communism: Single Party Democracy: Free elections with choice of partiesSocial structure Classless society, everyone is equal Some people have more power than othersEconomy Collectivism: All property owned by state,

not individualsCapitalism: Private ownership and a competitive workplace

Rights Rights of all workers more important than individual rights

Individual freedoms valued but limited by majority opinion.

Wartime Conferences: Match up dates, conferences and details, using arrowsNov 1943 Potsdam Germany split in 4, UN to be set up, Free Elections in Eastern

Europe, Soviet Union join war against Japan. Debate over Poland

Feb 1945 Tehran Germany and Berlin divided into 4 zones, Issues-Tensions over Poland, Soviets in Eastern Europe & A Bomb

July-Aug 1945 Yalta USA & Britain ‘Second Front’ against Germany, Soviets to declare war against Japan after War in Europe, make Germany weak, create international organisation. Generalised on Post-War issues

Factors affecting relations: Fill in using these words: Iron Curtain Speech, Atomic bomb, Red Army, Novikov Telegram, leadership, Kennan Telegram .

1)Changes in ___________________________: Truman replaced Roosevelt, who died. Atlee won the British General Election

2)US development and use of the ______________________ __________________: They dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki

3)Soviet _______________ ______________________ presence in Eastern Europe: This helped Communist take-overs

Written or Verbal expressions of growing tensions:US: K_________________ T________________: He warned that the USSR couldn’t be trusted & wanted at global control

Soviet: N_________________ T__________________: He warned that the USA could not be trusted and wanted global control

British: I____________ C_____________ S_____________:He said Europe was splitting into 2 camps: Democratic & Communist

b)Development of the Cold War 1947-9Growing Soviet Influence in Eastern Europe : Match Up

Countries conquered and treated as part of the Soviet Union from 1940 Czechoslovakia

Countries in which the Soviet Union intervened in elections to support Communist control:

Yugoslavia, Albania

Countries in which Communism was established in a Coup Lithuania Latvia and Estonia

Countries which were Satellite States but were never occupied by the Red Army, so had more independence

Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria

Views of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe: Label each statement with the country whose view of the Soviet Union it shows: Soviet Union USA

evidence of Soviet Aggression and expansionism a necessary buffer zone to protect from invasion

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The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan : Fill in using these missing words: speech, tensions, Communist, Soviet Union, Western, spread, Doctrine, isolationism, Dollar Imperialism, bankrupt, military, Containment

Britain was _______________________, so couldn’t afford to provide support to the Greek gov, against ________________ guerrillas. In 1947 President Truman gave a ______________ to the US Congress, saying he would provide economic and ____________________ aid to Greece and Turkey. The speech also presented the Truman ________________ a set of values, in which the USA would try to prevent the __________________ of Communism. This represented a shift in US policy from __________________________ to _____________________. The Marshall Plan was the means by which they would provide the economic aid. It was offered to the _________________ _____________ and Satellite States, but only with conditions, which meant it was refused. The aid hugely benefitted _______________ Europe, but it increased _________________ between the US and Soviet Union, Western Europe became economically and politically tie to the US and the Soviet Union saw it as ‘________________ _______________

The Cominform & Comecon:The Soviet Union created institutional responses to the Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan: Which is a description of the Comecon and which describes the Cominform?

Organisation Date Role1947 9 members, Communist Parties of main satellite states and several

Western countries. To promote Communism and political co-operation across nations. Way of Soviet Union gaining control over region.

1949 8 Members, USSR and 7 Satellite States. Aimed to support the economic development of member States through aid, trade links, industrial planning and collectivised farming.

Germany and the Cold War Number the stages to put them in the correct order. Underline 5 key words per box

Stage :The Berlin Blockade & AirliftJune 1948 Stalin blocked the land routes across Soviet-Controlled Germany in to the Western occupied zones of Berlin. He wanted to show a divided Germany would not work and hoped the West would withdraw from Berlin. The Western Allies responded with an airlift, flying supplies including food, coal into West Berlin. By May 1949. The Soviets gave in and lifted the Blockade.

Stage :The Division of GermanyAt Potsdam the Grand Alliance divided Germany and Berlin into 4 zones (overseen by the Soviet Union, USA, Britain and France) The Allied Control Commission was the central organisation. The Soviet Union wanted to take maximum reparations, the Western powers did not. The Soviet Union were also concerned about the position of Berlin, within the Soviet German zone.

Stage :Uniting the Western ZoneThe British and US combined their zones into Bizonia in 1947. Talks Dec. broke down. In 1948, the French added their zone, creating Trizonia. In June the Allies created a single currency for their zone, which separated the Eastern (Soviet) zone economically from the rest. Stalin was angered by this, the splitting of Germany, and its rehabilitation.

Stage_______: Impact on Cold War relations & Germany In terms of how this reflected on the Superpowers; The Soviets looked like the evil aggressors, whilst the West seemed like the peaceful heroic saviours.1949: The Western Allies quickly created the separate country of ‘West Germany’ (The Federal Republic of Germany). Stalin responded by creating East Germany (The German Democratic Republic).

NATO & The Warsaw Pact: Fill in blanks using these missing words: NATO, fearful, Czechoslovakia, Warsaw Pact, military, controlled.

Stalin’s threat to Berlin and the communist takeover in __________________ in 1948 made the Western powers believe that they needed a formal ___________________ alliance as protection and to intimidate Stalin. In April 1949 the USA, Britain, France and 9 other Western Countries join together in _________________(North Atlantic Treaty Organisation). This organisation agreed that if a member state came under attack, all other members would assist them.

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West Germany was allowed to join NATO in 1955. This made Stalin __________________, due to its border with Eastern Europe. The Soviet Union immediately created a formal defence alliance to mirror NATO; The _____________ ______________________. It had 8 member states, but the Soviet Union fully _________________ it.

c)The Cold War intensifiesThe Arms Race: Label each development with the correct nation

Date & Development Nation Impact on balance of power1945 Developed the A Bomb & use US nuclear monopoly for 4 years1949 Developed the A Bomb Nuclear Parity for 4 years in terms of technology1952 Developed the H Bomb US nuclear Supremacy for one year1953 Developed the H Bomb Nuclear parity for 4 years in terms of technology1957 1st test of ICBMs US nuclear Supremacy for 3 months1957 1st test of ICBMs Nuclear parity in terms of technology

Significance of the Arms Race: Label positive and negative impacts on relations Initially heightened tension between the Superpowers, with each side making more alliances and building

more and bigger weapons to compete. But, by mid 1950s, there was the emergence of the idea of MAD. The weapons had the potential to act as a

deterrent. Due to their power, the nations were too scared to use them and sought other ways to negotiate their relations.

Along with the change of leadership (Death of Stalin), it contributed to a period of Peaceful co-existence 1953-1956.

The Hungarian Uprising 1956: Number the stages in the correct order. Underline 6 key words per boxStage : The Hungarian UprisingFrom 1947 Hungary was ruled by dictator Matyas Rakosi, who used terror & brutality to keep control. The Hungarian economy was under Soviet Union control and living standards were low. Rakosi became increasingly unpopular. In 1953, temporary Soviet Leader, Malenkov replaced Rakosi with Imre Nagy, who believed in greater freedoms. He announced reforms; ending the one-party state and releasing some political prisoners. In 1955, new Soviet leader Khrushchev, unhappy with Nagy, brought Rakosi back as leader. In 1956, Rakosi was replace by Erno Gero, who had similar views. In October 1956 many Hungarian citizens started demonstrating, calling for democratic and civil rights and trade with the West.

Stage : Western reaction to the Soviet invasion of HungaryNagy and the rebels expected support from the US. The West, including the USA and Britain condemned Soviet actions in Hungary, there were public demonstrations of support and some NATO countries took in refugees. However they did not offer military support. Containment meant preventing further spread of Communism, but not intervening in an existing communist country in the Soviet sphere of influence. In some ways it reflected badly on the West. They had encouraged communist countries to stand up to the Soviets but didn’t support this action.

Stage :The consequences of the Hungarian UprisingSoviet Union: Khrushchev’s position as leader within the Soviet Union was affirmed. The Soviet Union’s position in the Warsaw Pact was strengthened. It sent a clear message that they would crush rebellion in Eastern Europe. There was not another attempts until Czechoslovakia in 1968.West: The fact that the West did not intervene, meant that the uprising did not escalate into a wider conflict or nuclear or conventional war between the US and Soviet Union. Relations: It marked the end of the period of Peaceful Co-existence between the Soviet Union and US, which had seemed apparent at Geneva in 1955, and began a period where tensions and conflict

Stage : The Soviet invasion of Hungary In October 1956, Khrushchev sent troops and tanks in to Budapest to try to restore order. On 25th Oct the tanks opened fire, killing 12 & wounding 100+. Gero was forced to resign and was replaced by a temporary leader Kadar. The next day Nagy was reinstated. Khrushchev hoped this would end the protests. However, Nagy released more political prisoners and announced political reforms, including withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact. In response to this, Khrushchev ordered a Soviet invasion of Hungary sending in 1,000 tanks on the first day alone. Repression: The Nagy rebels fought back, but up to 20,000 were killed and 200,000 Hungarian refugees fled to Austria. Tens of thousands of Hungarians

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escalated. were arrested and imprisoned. A new pro-communist government was set up under Kadar. Nagy and his followers were kidnapped by Soviet agents and tried and executed.

KT1 BP 1 Early Tensions Key Words and Concepts (CW)

Match up the definitions of these historical key words. Write the letter next to the numbered word as in the example below:

Word Match-up! Definition1. Soviet Union C A. Believed that all property and businesses should be owned by the

state who should ensure everyone has a fair share2. Ideology B. A nation which has been taken under the control of another,

usually next to it. The Soviet Union gained lots of these, claiming they needed a buffer zone for protection

3. Capitalism C. Short for Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)- Formed from Russia & a collection of other smaller countries which Russia controlled

4. Communism D. A meeting where agreements are made between countries5. Democracy E. When a country dismantles its Empire, giving colonies their

freedom6. Grand Alliance F. A set of shared beliefs. The USA and USSR had different ideologies7. Conference G. The collection of countries who worked together to defeat

Germany and Japan; included Britain, the USA and the Soviet Union

8. Satellite States H. A method of sending a message, quickly, across the world. Used in the late 19th and early 20th century

9. Telegram I. Believed that everyone should be free to own property & businesses

10. Decolonisation J. A political system in which leaders are chosen in free electionsTotal: /10

Learn these spellings. Practise writing them out 3 times or more.1. ideology2. capitalism3. communism4. democracy5. alliance6. conference7. satellite8. decolonisation9. Truman10. Stalin

Now get someone to test you – how many did you get right? /10

What were relations like between the USA & Soviet Union between 1943-1946? (circle)

a)remaining positive b) becoming better c)becoming more tense d)going to the brink of war5

Challenge: Explain your choice

The origins of the Cold War, 1941-58. Go to GCSEpod: Listen to the following GCSEpods and make note of the key points & record questions you have.

Title & date listened to it

Main Points Any Questions?

Yalta and Potsdam Conferences

Ideological Differences

The Iron Curtain

The Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan

The Berlin Blockade

The Arms Race

NATO

The Warsaw Pact

Hungary 1956

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K T 1 Cold War Narratives & the Big Picture: Causes, Key Developments & Consequences

Chronology: Place the following events onto the timeline: Write sideways or use initials of terms: Research dates (year & month) online if you do not remember them!

Potsdam Conference, Marshall Plan, Berlin Blockade, Truman Doctrine, Hungarian Uprising Tehran Conference, NATO, Long Telegram, Grand Alliance, Formation of FRG & GDR, Soviets got H-Bomb, Warsaw Pact, Yalta Conference.

Tehran Conf._______________________________________________________________________________

Narratives: Read the three boxes & label the stages – Background, Key Developments & Consequences.

Consequences: Summarise two consequences of the Berlin Blockade 1948-49:1.

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The Truman Doctrine

The Hungarian

Crisis

1941 1943 Feb 1945 July1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1953 1955 1956

Truman Doctrine 1947: Would intervene to defend ‘free peoples’ from armed minorities (Communism). Marshall Plan 1947-8 Financial support for Europe. USSR angry.

Worsened relations/increased US-Soviet tensions: Competition over influence in Europe eg Berlin. Soviets set up Cominform1947 & Comecon1949

Soviet control of Eastern Europe-Satellite States. US saw this as spreading communism. Britain withdrew from Greece, suggested US intervene

Soviet control of Hungary enforced. Confirmed Khrushchev’s position as Soviet leader & message to rest of Eastern Europe.Increased Tensions: West critical but didn’t intervene

Hungarian Uprising Oct 1956 Demonstrations for reforms. Nagy made leader. Soviet troops & 6,000 tanks invaded. Nagy replaced by Kadar & executed

Oppressive Regime in Hungary from 1947 under Rakosi.Stalin’s death 1953 & Peaceful Co-existence= possibility of freedom from Soviet control in Eastern Europe

2.Cold War KT1 Knowledge Quiz

Read through questions, & find correct answer from the bottom of the page. Write in letter of the answer

1. Name the 3 wartime conferences and the year they each took place

2. After April 1945 who was the leaders of the USA, UK and USSR

3. Why did Stalin want control over Eastern Europe?

4.What were countries under the influence of Russia called?

5. What two policies did Truman introduce in 1947?

6. What two organisations did the Soviet Union set up in response to the US policies of 1947?7. Who tried to Blockade Berlin and why did it fail?

8. What happened to Germany after the Blockade?

9. When was NATO established? Name two members.

10. What was the Soviet alternative to NATO? Name two member countries.

11. When did the USA and USSR develop A Bombs, And When did they develop H-Bombs?12. Name the first satellite put into space in 1957, and which country launched it.

13. Who became the next clear leader of Russia, after Stalin dies, and how many years after Stalin died? 14. When was the Hungarian Uprising?

15. How many tanks were sent into Hungary by the Soviet Union, on the first day?

A) Stalin-It failed due to the US and UK airlift

B) Khrushchev, 3 years (Stalin died in 1953, and he got control by 1956.)

C) Tehran 1943, Yalta Feb 1945, Potsdam July 1945

D) 1,000 E) Truman, Atlee and Stalin

F) October 1956-November 1956

G) Satellite states or the Eastern Bloc

H) Cominform and Comecon

I) Sputnik, USSR J) The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan

K) To create a buffer zone between the Soviet Union and Western Europe, so they wouldn’t be invaded again

L) 1949; USA, UK, France, Canada, Belgium, Denmark, Iceland, Portugal, Norway, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands

M) It formally split into two countries: West Germany (FRG)East Germany (GDR)

N)1955; Soviet Union, Albania, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, East Germany

O) A Bomb: USA 1945, USSR 1949.H-Bomb: USA 1953,USSR 1953

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Superpower Relations and The Cold War; 1941-91 Key Topic 2 Cold War Crises, 1958-1970

a) Berlin 1958-63 Stages of the Berlin Crisis: Number the stages1-4 in correct order. Underline 6 key words per box

Stage : The Summit MeetingsBy 1958, both sides had large numbers of nuclear weapons. Neither wanted the crisis to escalate into war. Therefore, a series of talks were held to try to solve the ‘Berlin problem’. Geneva 1959: foreign ministers proposed solutions, but no agreement; Camp David 1959: Eisenhower & Khrushchev met face-to-face, relations seemed improved & the Soviets agreed to withdraw the Ultimatum. But, they reached no further agreement; Paris 1960, the Soviets announced that they had shot down a US U2 spy plane over their territory. Eisenhower was embarrassed but refused to apologise. Khrushchev walked out. Vienna 1961: Khrushchev took a tough line with the new young Kennedy, renewing the Ultimatum. Kennedy refused to make any concessions. Relations became strained and US military spending was increased.

Stage : Khrushchev’s Berlin UltimatumKhrushchev could not allow this situation to continue, due to the loss of skills and bad image it gave. In November 1958, he demanded that Western countries should officially recognise East Germany. He then issued his ultimatum: 1)Berlin be demilitarised and Western troops withdraw, 2) Berlin to become a ‘Free City’ (so that it could become entirely part of the Soviet region in was located it).He gave a deadline of 6 months and the threat he would transfer control of transport routes into Berlin to the East Germany government. The West were outraged by his demands, seeing them as Soviet expansionism, so they refused to respond to his ultimatums.

Stage : Building the WallAs East-West tensions increased, more East Germans tried to cross to the West, worried that the border may be closed (40,000 on 1 day). The East German leader Ulbricht urged Khrushchev to act. 12th Aug 1961, East German troops built a barbed wire fence around Berlin and between East and West. This was later replaced with concrete walls, separated by a no-man’s land zone, with mines and guarded by lookout towers with machine guns.

Stage : The Refugee problem in BerlinAfter Germany was divided into two (1949), the West received Marshall aid & became prosperous, whilst the East received far less from the Soviet Union & living conditions far lower, with shortages of basic goods. In the East there was also a lack of freedoms. It was a police state, with an uprising crushed in 1953. By 1958, 3 million East Germans had fled to the West, including skilled workers (engineers, technicians & teachers) the East needed.

The consequences of the Berlin Crisis Fill in the Blanks using these words: separated, reputation, publicity, failed, increased, killed, lock, emblem, physical, trapped

1)It had a profound effect in Berlin: Many people made dangerous attempts to ‘escape’, desperate not to be ________________________in the East. Over 130 people were______________________. Families, friends and neighbours were _________________________________for years on end.

2) The Berlin Crisis and the Building of the Wall had both positive and negative effects on both the Soviet Union and USA: Soviet Union: The Wall did stop refugees from leaving and sent a message that communism would survive in Berlin. However, the Ultimatums had ___________________________and the Soviet Union abandoned plans to unite Berlin or Germany under Soviet Control and the Wall showed that the Soviet Union had to ‘______________’ people into East Germany to stop them leaving, terrible ____________________for communism. USA: The USA had not been in control of the closing of the border and those wanting to escape to the West could no longer do so. However, West Berlin became an _______________________of freedom and defiance against communism with a strong US influence and Kennedy’s ____________________________was greatly enhanced by his unwillingness to give in to the Soviets.

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3) International relations worsened: The Berlin problem had not been resolved. The Wall made the divide _____________________________and permanent. Overall tensions between the US and Soviets significantly _____________. Although, it was now less likely that they would go to war over Berlin.

b)The Cuban Missile Crisis

Stages of the Cuban Missile Crisis: Number stages in correct order. Underline 6 key words per boxStage : The Effects of the ‘Bay of Pigs’ incidentCastro showed evidence of the failed attack to the world’s journalists. It was a humiliating failure for the US. It also appeared like the US was as eager to gain influence over regions, as the Soviets they criticised. The Soviet Union used the lack of popular support as evidence of the popularity of communism. The incident also strengthened relations between the Soviet Union and Cuba; Castro publicly declared himself a communist and Khrushchev that he would provide arms to Cuba. This caused great concern to Kennedy, as it meant that Cuba would have modern military equipment and training. He warned Khrushchev not to use Cuba as a nuclear missile base.

Stage : The Cuban Revolution In Jan 1959 Fidel Castro and Che Guevara overthrew the pro-American government of Cuba. They wanted to get rid of US control of Cuban industries, oil, sugar, electricity, phone and railways. In May the Cuban government took all land from foreign nationals, paying them compensation. President Eisenhower was very concerned about the revolution. The US refused to recognise the scheme to re-possess land. The Soviet Union made an agreement to buy Cuban sugar in exchange for aid and (secretly) arms. The US was concerned about the proximity of Cuba to US land. Between 1960-61 they banned trade with Cuba and broke off diplomatic relations.

Stage : The Bay of Pigs incident In 1961 the new US President Kennedy gave his support to a CIA plan to train a group of Cuban exiles, to launch an invasion to overthrow Castro. It was intended to look like a counter-revolution, so the US could deny involvement. In April 1961 1400 landed at the ‘Bay of Pigs’. However, it failed due to lack of military experience, the lack of US military support, Castro’s knowledge of the plan, which meant 20,000 troops lay in wait. Also the USA and exiles wrongly assumed that most Cubans would support them.

Stage_______: The Cuban Missile Crisis 13 DaysOn 14th Oct 1962 a US U-2 spy-plane photographed medium–range ballistic missile launch pads on Cuba and US intelligence noted Soviet ships sailing to Cuba. As they could have hit the US from Russia, siting missiles on Cuba was a political act; Khrushchev could have intended to bargain to get US missiles out of Turkey, to restore prestige after Berlin or to defend Cuba from the US. Kennedy decided not to invade Cuba, bombe the missile sites or sink Soviet ships. Instead he called ExComm together and to set up a naval blockade. After 13 days the Soviets reached the Blockade and turned around.

The Consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis: Fill in blanks using these words: Turkey, dismissal, manage, diplomatic, safer, secret, telegrams

1)A short term agreement was reached: The two sides reached an agreement after sending ______________ and Robert Kennedy meeting with the Soviet Ambassador in Washington: The Soviets would remove the missiles, and the US would not invade Cuba and would remove missiles from________________________.

2)There was a commitment to prevent ‘Brinkmanship’ which in some ways made the world a ________________ place: June 1963 a ‘hotline’ was set up between Washington and Moscow. This was followed by a series of _________________________agreements aimed at control of nuclear weapons: Aug 1963 the Test Ban Treaty, 1967 the Outer Space Treaty and 1968 the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

3)The Cuban missile Crisis had significant impact on the domestic position of the leaders: Kennedy was seen as a strong leader, who had made his own decisions about how to ___________________the crisis and made the Soviets back down(as the agreement to withdraw from Turkey was kept____________________).

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By contrast, although Khrushchev claimed to have been the victor, in Moscow it was seen as a humiliating withdrawal and led to Khrushchev’s ___________________ in 1964.

c)The Czechoslovakian Crisis

The Stages of the Czech Crisis: Number the stages in correct order. Underline 6 key words per boxStage : The Prague SpringIn 1968 Alexander Dubcek was elected First Minister of the Czech Communist Party. The Soviets approved, believing he would make the government more popular, whilst keeping loyal to the Soviet Union. Dubcek was a strong believer in communism, but believed it should care for its citizens. He introduced reforms from April known as the ‘Prague Spring’ including relaxing censorship, handing some powers over industry from central government to trade unions, more regional control, increased trade with the West and freedom to travel. These reforms were very popular in Czechoslovakia. Dubcek promised the Soviet Union that they would remain in the Warsaw Pact and stay their ally.

Stage : The Soviet ReactionThe new Soviet leader, Brezhnev, was unhappy with Dubcek’s reforms. He worried that Moscow would lose control of Czechoslovakia and that other Eastern European countries might copy these actions. He told Dubcek not to go too far with reforms and got Warsaw Pact troops to do manoeuvres in Czechoslovakia as intimidation. In August, Dubcek invited the Romanian and Yugoslavian leaders to Prague. On 20th Aug Breznev ordered 500,000 troops to invade Czechoslovakia, to end Dubcek’s rule & reforms. He ordered the Czech troops not to act. Czech citizens tried to resist but were too weak. Dubcek was arrested, then dismissed from his job and replaced by Gustav Husak who got 1000+ Czechs arrested.

Stage : The Brezhnev DoctrineThe Soviet Union justified the invasion as a necessity to protect the unity of communism in Europe. In September 1968 the Soviet newspaper Pravda published a set of principles, later known as the ‘Brezhnev Doctrine: The actions of one communist country affects all communist countries. Therefore it was those countries’ duty to step in to stop actions by one country which could affect the rest of them.

Stage_______: Opposition to Soviet controlSince 1948 a communist government had ruled in Czechoslovakia, which was essentially under Soviet control. There was censorship, no freedom of speech and secret police used to maintain control. There were few consumer goods and the standard of living was low. Protests grew from 1966, showing how unpopular the government was.

The Consequences of the Czech Crisis: Fill in the blanks using these words: worsened, hold, communist, Détente, outraged, direct, supported, cut, condemning

1) Impact on communist relations: Relations between the Soviet Union and some ______________ countries worsened e.g. the Communist parties of France and Italy ___________ links with Moscow. Yugoslavia and Romania criticised the Soviet invasion and so their relations with Moscow_____________. With others Soviet influence increase, either because the Soviets tightened their _______________over countries, or because countries ________________________the action, such as East Germany and Poland.

2) Impact on East-West relations: Western powers were by________________ the invasion and there were attempts to pass a formal resolution ______________________________the invasion in the UN. However, this was vetoed by the Soviets and the West would not go so far as to take_________________ action against the Soviet Union over their actions in Eastern Europe. They needed to find another way to influence Soviet actions, so the Crisis can be seen as contributing to the emergence of________________.

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KT2 Cold War Crisis: Key Words and Concepts

Match up the definitions of these historical key words. Write the letter next to the numbered word:

Word Match-up! Definition1.refugee C A. Taking privately owned land or businesses under state control/

ownership2.Summit

meetingsB. Soviet foreign policy from 1968-military intervention by Warsaw Pact

troops, if one member state tried to leave the Soviet sphere of influence3.Ultimatum C. People who leave their country due to difficulties, seeking a better life in

another country4.nationalisation D. Pushing disagreements right to the verge of war5.exiles E. Military treaty & association-members Soviet Union & its satellite states6.CIA F. US military aircraft used to take aerial photos- (in this case of missile

launch pads on Cuba)7.U2 spy plane G. A final demand, often backed up with a threat to take action8.Naval blockade

(quarantine)H. Series of reforms in Czechoslovakia in the Spring 1968 (Prague was the

capital)- more democratic rights & economic freedoms9.Non-

proliferationI. People living abroad, who feel that they cannot return to their country

10.Hotline J. US Office which coordinates and conducts espionage & intelligence-spies11.Brinkmanship

K. A direct communications line between (Washington and Moscow)

12.’Prague Spring’

L. Use of submarines (polaris) and airforce bombers to meet the Soviet ships, to stop them from proceeding

13. Warsaw Pact M. A series of talks, set up to try to reach an agreement14 Brezhnev Doctrine

N. Reducing the amount or spread of something, usually weapons or armaments

Total: /14

Learn these spellings. Practise writing them out 3 times or more.1. Refugee2. summit3. ultimatum4. Khrushchev5. Kennedy6. non-proliferation7. Brinkmanship8. Brezhnev9. Czechoslovakia10. Prague

Now get someone to test you – how many did you get right? /10

What were relations like between the USA & Soviet Union between 1957-1969 ? (circle)

a)becoming better b)becoming more tense c)good cooperation, then going to the brink of war

d)going to the brink of war, and then reduced tensions through fear

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Challenge: Explain your choice

Cold War Crises, 1958-70 Listen to the following GCSEpods, make note of the key points & record questions you have.

Title & date listened to it

Main Points Any Questions?

The Berlin Wall

The Cuban Missile Crisis

Czechoslova-kia, 1968

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KT2:Cold War Narratives & the Big Picture: Causes, Key Developments & ConsequencesChronology: Place the following events onto the timeline: Write sideways or use initials of terms: Research dates (year & month) online if you do not remember them!

1st Berlin Ultimatum, Hotline, Berlin Wall, Bay of Pigs, Vienna Summit, Brezhnev Doctrine, Camp David, Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia, Paris Summit, Kennedy visit to Berlin, Cuban Missile Crisis(blockade), Prague Spring, Cuban Revolution

Camp David_______________________________________________________________________________

Narratives: Read the three boxes & label the stages – Background, Key Developments & Consequences.

Consequences: Summarise two consequences of the Cuba Missile Crisis:

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Berlin Crisis 1958-61

The Czech Crisis 1968

1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964-6 1967 April1968 Aug/sep1968 1969

Berlin & German people: Physical separation of East-West (until1989) = Families divided, no freedom of movement. US global image: West = Freedom, Kennedy’s Berlin speech 1963. Increased tensions: Khrushchev=frustrated. He had not forced the West out. But had stopped flow of refugees. Increased

Novotny replaced by Dubcek-to try to pacify protestors. Prague Spring Reforms 1968: econ reforms & pol. freedoms. Soviets felt too far & might influence, so invaded (500,000 troops), Dubcek arrested & replaced with Husak

From 1957, oppressive Regime in Czechoslovakia under Novotny(Head of Communist Party & President). No de-Stalinisation. 1960s=Decline in economy & living standards. Growing opposition to regime.

Berlin Ultimatums Nov 1958: West must withdraw from Berlin. Summits: Geneva, Camp David, Paris (U2spyplane), Vienna. Kennedy ignored ultimatum. Soviets & E. Germans built the Berlin Wall Aug 1961

Khrushchev had gained confidence with his actions & the lack of Western reaction in Hungary. Refugee Crisis: 3-4 million East Germans had fled to the West via East Berlin 1958 (brain drain)

Brezhnev Doctrine Sept1968: Warsaw Pact troops to intervene if country’s actions= threat to Communism. Soviets: Regained control over Czech. Impact on Soviet/US relations= temp. worsened: West criticised, but no action- (other issues) Then returned to diplomacy.

1.

2.

Cold War KT2 Knowledge QuizRead through questions, & find correct answer from the bottom of the page. Write in letter of the answer

1. How many people fled East Germany during the refugee crisis of 1958, and what name was it given which shows the loss of skilled workers?2. What did Khrushchev issue, to try to deal with the refugee crisis, and ongoing issue of Berlin?3. How many summits were held, to discuss Berlin, between 1958-196, and which were the best and worse natured ones?4. When was the Berlin Wall built?5. Who visited West Berlin, in 1963, giving his famous speech, in which he criticised Communism?6. What event occurred in Cuba in 1959, and why did it cause strained relations between Cuba and the USA?7. What was the name of the US attempt to overthrown the regime in Cuba, and how successful was it? 8. How did the USA discover that missile bases were being constructed on Cuba?9. What did Kennedy introduce to try to stop the Soviet Union from getting missiles to Cuba? 10. Name three things introduced following the Cuban Missile Crisis, to improve communication and reduce the nuclear threat11. Name two negative thigs about life in Czechoslovakia by the 1960s12. Who became Czech leader in 1968, and what were his reforms known as?13. How many Warsaw Pact troops did Brezhnev send in to Czechoslovakia, as an invasion to end the reforms?14. Who was the hard-line pro-Soviet brought in as leader of Czechoslovakia, after the Soviet invasion?15. What was the name of the Soviet policy/set of beliefs presented in Sept 1968, to justify Soviet action in Czechoslovakia

A) US President, John F Kennedy

B) A naval Blockade, what he called a ‘Quarantine’

C) Dubcek; the ‘Prague Spring’

D)’ The Bay of Pigs’ incident; it failed

E) One of their U2 spy-planes took photos of what seemed to be launch pads

F) 500,000 G) 1961 H) 3-4 million: Brain Drain

I) The Brezhnev Doctrine

J) Gustav Husak

K) 4 summits: Geneva-1959, Camp David 1959 (best natured), Paris 1960 &Vienna 1961(both bad natured)

L) A revolution, led by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara. Because they wanted foreign companies to eave Cuba

M) low standard of living, no freedom of speech, secret police,

N) An ultimatum-for Western powers to withdraw from Berlin, to make it a ‘free city’ (although, since it was within East German

O) A hotline between the two countries 1963; Test Ban Treaty 1963; Outer Space Treaty 1967; Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

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territory this would mean that the East would essentially control it.

1968

Superpower Relations and The Cold War; 1941-91 Key Topic 3 End of the Cold Wara)Détente 1969-1979

Why both sides wanted Détente(less confrontation): Write headings in correct column: Soviet Union or USACountry:Military Fear of nuclear war after Cuba

The war in Vietnam was going badly1968:Soviets caught up with US SLBM technology & developed ABMs which US did not have

Fear of nuclear war after CubaBuilding nuclear weapons is expensive.

Economic Vietnam War cost billions of dollars The economy was not developing. Industry needed investment to moderniseThere was a need to access new technology and trading opportunities

Political Nixon elected new President, felt able to change policy.There were large-scale demonstrations against the Vietnam War by civiliansPressure from new West German Chancellor Will Brandt (wanted better relations between East & West)

The had been a challenge to Soviet controlled Communist rule in Czechoslovakia, this threatened Soviet security China’s criticism of the invasion of Czechoslovakia and resulting worsened relations, meant the need to prevent the possibility of a Chinese-US alliance

Social There was urban rioting happening due to racial and economic inequalities. These social problems needed investment and funding of policies.

Poor living standards were contributing to social discontent. This could only be responded through investment and funding.

Conferences during Detente: Match up conferences with dates-you may need to check online1972 Vienna (SALT II)

1973 Moscow(Threshold Test Ban Treaty: Banned tests of weapons over 150 kilotons)

1974 Washington(Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War)

1974 Vladivostok(Arms Control:inc SNDVs, ICBMs, SLBMs, MIRVs)

1975 Moscow(SALT I:Interim Agreement 5 yr freeze ICBMs & SLBMs + ABM Treaty)

1979 Helsinki(3 Baskets: Security borders, Cooperation closer econ, sci & cultural links, Human Rights

The Significance of the Helsinki Accords: Read and label as positive or negative Superpower relations were improved, as the agreement (and others) showed they could co-operate and

opened the door to further diplomacy, SALT II and lessened military tensions. The acceptance of Post War European borders and nations (Basket 1) eased tensions from Europe and

indicated that this region would not generate conflict. The agreements of Basket 2, of trade agreements, technological exchange and a joint space mission, aided

domestic economic growth. The Soviet Union’s failure to stick to Basket 3 Human Rights agreements contributed to increased tensions.

Causes of the end of Detente: Fill in blanks using: Afghanistan, Embassy, Leadership, involvement, supremacy

1)1977: Changes in US ___________________________: Carter put pressure on the Soviets in terms of human rights adherence. He asked Congress to increase the Defence Budget: This was perceived as antagonistic by the USSR.

2) By 1979: US arms __________________________: The US had twice the number of warheads than the Soviet Union. The US also placed Long Range missiles in Europe: This was seen as aggressive by the USSR.

3) 1979: The Islamic militant capture of the US _______________ in Tehran: 60 hostages were taken: This was felt to be a sign by some Americans that the US needed to restore its position as a powerful nation.

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4) Soviet _____________________________in new regions of the world: Support for Communist groups in El Salvador, Nicaragua and Angola: This was seen as threatening by the USA

5) The Soviet Union’s invasion of _________________________________ was seen as an attempt to spread communismb)The Second Cold War 1979-1984

The Invasion of Afghanistan 1979: Number the stages in correct order. Underline 6 key words per boxStage :The Carter DoctrineThe USA saw Soviet actions as expansionism. They saw the Persian Gulf region as significant due to the oilfields of Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Carter withdrew SALT II proposal from the Senate, without ratification. and increased arms spending. Carter’s approach, known as the Carter Doctrine, stated that the USA would use military force, if necessary, to defend its interests in the region. Cater also imposed economic sanctions on the Soviet Union and sent weapons and funds to the Mujahideen.

Stage : Communism in AfghanistanIn April 1978 People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) overthrew the government and imposed communist reforms and rule, under new President and Prime Minister Taraki. Thousands of the traditional ruling elite (religious figures and intellectuals) were imprisoned, tortured or murdered. In September 1979 the Deputy Prime Minister Amin seized power. At first the Soviets supported Amin, as they had Taraki.

Stage : The Soviet InvasionIn December 1979 50,000 Soviet troops into Afghanistan. They claimed they had been invited in and were complying with a Treaty signed by Taraki. However, Amin was shot and replaced by pro-Soviet Babrak Kamal. Many Afghan soldiers deserted and joined the Mujahideen. The Soviets remained there for almost 10 years propping up the Kamal regime with 85,000 troops.

Stage : the emergence of Islamic Fundamentalism There was growing instability due to the development of the Mujahideen (Muslim guerrilla fighters) who declared a Jihad (Holy War) on the Amin regime. Brezhnev was concerned about the spread of Islamic Fundamentalism, as a threat to the Soviet system, because there were 30 million Muslims in the Soviet Union.

The Consequences of the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan: Write in the correct headings (A,B or C) for each consequence A)Worsened superpower Relations B)Negative economic impact on the Soviet Union C)Difficult consequences for Afghanistan

1) : Political instability; war lasting 10 years; and 1.5 million civilians killed.

2) : War cost them $8 billion per year for 10 years; economic sanctions imposed on them by the USA. This made the Soviet Union weaker.

3) : End of Détente, with the failure to ratify SALT II; US supplied weapons for the Mujahideen to use against Soviet troops; the Carter Doctrine introduced, which legitimised the use of military force with the creation of a Rapid Deploy Force that could intervene anywhere in the world, increase CIA activity and a build-up of arms; cultural tensions with mutual boycotts of each other’s Olympics in 1980 and 1984.

Reagan and the Second Cold War : Fill in gaps using these words: Evil Empire, new thinking, Star Wars, insurgent groups, enemy missiles, arms spending, Reagan Doctrine

Ronald Reagan’s Presidency resulted in greater tensions with the Soviet Union:Reagan saw them as an ‘_________________ ____________________’and that the USA was the force of good, which should confront them. He persuaded the US Congress to boost America’s ______________ ____________________by 29% between 1982-4. He announced the ‘_________________ ___________________’ ; that the USA would not only support anti-communist governments, but also anti-communist governments trying to overthrow communist governments. Support was given to __________________ _________________in Central American countries of El Salvador and Nicaragua and overthrew the communist government of Grenada. This was seen as aggressive expansionism by the Soviets. In 1983 Reagan announced the ‘Strategic Defence Initiative or ‘___________ ________________’ programme, to place satellites in orbit with powerful lasers that could shot down______________

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_____________________. This was against the 1967 Outer Space Treaty. The Soviets knew they would have to invest huge sums to compete, which they could not afford. This was a significant factor in Gorbachev’s ‘new thinking’.

c)The End of the Cold WarGorbachev’s New Thinking: Fill in gaps using these words: reforms, unrest, police, living, power, industrial, end, dismantled, dropped, leadership, problems, opposition.

Mikhail Gorbachev became Soviet leader in March 1985. The country was facing serious ___________________: Economically, huge sums of money had been spent on arms, so domestic investment had been low. There had been no _________________growth. Standards of __________________were much lower than the West. Politically, the Soviet Union had suffered from poor ___________________for years, with a series of elderly, sick leaders; Brezhnev, Andropov and Chernenko. Socially; low living standards & lack of human rights led to _____________________in some Satellite States. In response, martial law was declared in Poland and Soviet troops put on its border. In every nation the secret ________________kept control.Gorbachev believed change was necessary. He introduced a series of________________: Perestroika (reconstruction) re-organised and restructured the Soviet State and economy, using some capitalist approaches. Glasnost (openness) allowed ________________________to the government and more openness in government. The Brezhnev Doctrine, which said that communist countries should intervene to keep Communism, was__________________.The response of the US President Reagan was to shift from confrontation to the Soviet Union, to a more open approach to work with them, whilst sticking to his overall aim of standing tough to communism as an ideology and system. Gorbachev’s reforms were not intended to bring an ______________ to communism, but to strengthen communist government within the Soviet Union and satellite states. However, very quickly, the communist system was ___________________ throughout Eastern Europe. In 1990 the Soviet Union itself was disbanded and in 1991 the Warsaw Pact was formally dissolved, and Gorbachev fell from _________________.

Late 1980s Diplomacy:Label Summits with correct names:Washington, Malta, Geneva, Moscow, Reykjavik You may need to look this up online

Summit Date Context and OutcomeNov 1985 Gorbachev and Reagan met for the first time.

No formal agreements, but improved relationsOct 1986 Followed the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. Gorbachev proposed phasing out

nuclear weapons if the US gave up their SDI programme. The US wouldn’t & no formal agreements were reached but relations improved.

Dec 1987 Gorbachev sought to gain reductions in arms. The Intermediate Range Nuclear Force (INF) Treaty was signed; both to abolish land-based missiles 500-5,500 km range

1988 Complex details of INF resolved, later Gorbachev announced reduction in Warsaw Pact troops and withdrawal from Afghanistan

1989 Gorbachev met with new US President Bush. No new agreements, but both nations saw this meeting as marking the end of the Cold War.

The End of Soviet control of Eastern Europe: Once the Brezhnev Doctrine was gone, Satellite States could choose how they were governed and Gorbachev’s reforms inspired political, social and economic reforms: Label with the correct nations: Yugoslavia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia (You may need to look up online)

Date Nation DevelopmentMay 1989 The government took down the fence along the border with non-communist Austria and

promised democratic government. (Free Elections held Oct).June 1989 Solidarity (the Party) was legalised, & won a landslide victory in Polish Elections.Sept-Nov 1989

Huge numbers left for the West, via Hungary & Austria, e.g. 125,000 on 11th Sept. Gorbachev refused to help this government crush demonstrations. The Government opened up the border with the West, 1000s of people started pulling Wall down.

Nov 1989 The ‘Velvet Revolution’ overthrows the communist government. Vaclav Haval elected president.

Dec 1989 Demonstrations against the government. Communist leader Ceausescu is overthrown and executed.

Dec 1989 Communist leader Maldenov resigns live on television. (Free elections held 1990)Dec 1989 Slovenians vote to become independent from the rest of the country in a referendum. (The

rest breaks up into Croatia, Serbia & Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo and

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Macedonia during the 1990s)

KT3 End of the Cold War : Key Words and Concepts

Match up the definitions of these key history words. Write the letter next to the numbered word:

Word Match-up! Definition1.Detente C A. To withdraw, reduce or abolish military weapons and force2. Helsinki Accords (Agreements)

B. Reconstruction- reorganising and restructuring of the Soviet State

3. SALT C. A period in which there was an attempt to reduce the tension between the USA & Soviet Union

4. Disarmament D. Muslim guerrilla fighters, fought in Afghanistan against the regimes, including the Soviet invasion force from 1979-1989.

5. perestroika E. Soviet politicians who challenged Gorbachev in a coup, to overthrow him6.glasnost F. A series of agreements covering three main issues (security/borders,

cooperation, human rights)-signed by 35 countries in 19757.mujahideen G Strategic Defence Initiative (Star Wars’ programme -plan for a ground and

space-based laser-armed anti-ballistic missile system 19838.boycotts H. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I=1972 included several treaties and

agreements. SALT II=1974 more agreements not ratified (agreed) by Congress)

9 SDI I Refusal to use or attend something, due to disagreement with those providing it. Used to raise publicity for your cause.

10. Gang of 8 J.Openness=Gorbachev’s new approach to transparency and less corruption in government, allowing opposition

Total: /10

Learn these spellings. Practise writing them out 3 times or more.1. Detente2. Helsinki3. disarmament4. Afghanistan5. Carter6. Reagan7. boycotts8. Defence9. Gorbachev10. GlasnostNow get someone to test you – how many did you get right? /10

What were relations like between the USA & Soviet Union between 1970-1991 ? (circle)a) Becoming better b) becoming more tense c) good cooperation, then going to the brink of ward)going to the brink of war and then reduced tensions

Challenge: Explain your choice

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The End of the Cold War, 1970-91 Listen to the following GCSEpods, make note of the key points & record questions you have.

Title & date listened to it

Main Points Any Questions?

SALT

Detente

The Russian Invasion of Afghanistan

President Regan and the Changing Attitudes to the Cold War

Gorbachev and Changing Attitudes to the Cold War.

The Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe

The Collapse of the Soviet Union

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Cold War Narratives and the big picture: Causes, Key Developments and Consequences KT3 (CW)

Chronology: Place the following events onto the timeline: Write sideways or use initials of terms: Research dates (year & month) online if you do not remember them!

Soviet Union Dissolves, Gorbachev Soviet leader, Apollo-Soyuz Mission, Reagan President, SDI programme, Carter Doctrine, Reykjavik Summit, SALT II, Fall of Berlin Wall, Helsinki Accords, SALT I, Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

SALT I _______________________________________________________________________________

Narratives: Read the three boxes & label the stages – Background, Key Developments & Consequences.

Consequences: Summarise two consequences of Reagan becoming US President

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Detente

1969-1971

1972-1973

1974-1975

1976=1977

1978-1979

1980-1981

1982-1983

1984-1985

1986-1987

1989-1990

1991

Diplomacy: SALT I (ABM Treaty & Interim Agreement), Nixon visited Moscow, Space Link-Up, Helsinki Accords. But 1976 on= Conflict over Arms reduction (SALT II), human rights & Soviet actions eg Afghanistan

Fear of war: Cuban Missile Crisis, conflict in Middle East, Vietnam War. Nixon elected US President 1968 willing to adopt approach

Worsened relations: Carter increased arms spending & Carter Doctrine. Diplomacy ends=Cold War II. Significant tensions (focus Middle East) Reagan elected President

New Thinking: Perestroika & Glasnost- political economic and social reforms in USSR. Greater freedoms for Satellite States. Summits: Geneva, Reykjavik, Washington (INF Treaty), Moscow, Malta.

Economic problems & political opposition (in USSR& Satellite States)Gorbachev new, young Soviet leader March 1985, following Gerontocracy (old leaders)

Gorbachev’s new

thinking

Improved relations- end of the Cold War. End of Soviet control of Easter Europe & Berlin Wall fell. Warsaw Pact formally dissolved and end of Soviet Union. Gang of 8 Coup Gorbachev’s removal 1991

1.

2.

Cold War KT3 Knowledge QuizRead through questions, & find correct answer from the bottom of the page. Write in letter of the answer

1. What was Détente?2. What does SALT stand for, and how successful were they?3. What were the baskets of agreements about, which were discussed at the Helsinki Meetings of 1975?4. What was the Apollo-Soyuz Mission of 1975?5. Who was elected US President in 1977, and what was his approach towards the Soviets?6. Name two consequences of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.7. What did Ronald Reagan call the Soviet Union in 1983? 8.What did both the USA and USSR boycott, to show their disapproval of the other nation?9. What was ‘Star Wars’ the nickname for? Was it implemented?10. Who became Soviet leader in 1985?11. Were the Soviet and Satellite States’ economies doing well or badly in the 1980s? Were people in these nations content or discontented?12. What were Gorbachev’s two main policies called? Did these make the Soviet system more Communist or more Western in approach?13. How many summit meetings were held between the USA and USSR from 1985-1989?14. What ‘fell’ in 1989?15. Which three Baltic states declared themselves independent of the USSR in 1990?

A) The Berlin Wall B) A joint US-Soviet space mission

C) Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia

D) Mikhail Gorbachev

E) ‘The Evil Empire’

F) USA boycotted the Moscow Olympics 1980The USSR boycotted the LA Olympics in 1984

G) The economies and living standards were doing badly. People were discontented

H) Glasnost and Perestroika. More Western in style and less communist.

I) European borders security, International Co-operation and Human Rights

J) Jimmy Carter , he took a tougher stance on the USSR

K) War in Afghanistan for the next 10 years. It marked the end of Détente. The US started to re-arm

L) Strategic Arms Limitations Talks-Quite successful: improved relations, but didn’t completely stop arms development

M) Five: Geneva 1985, Reykjavik 1986, Washington 1987, Moscow 1988, Malta 1989

N) An easing of tensions between the USA and USSR, when there was a greater willingness to use diplomacy

O) SDI: The Strategic Defence Initiative, the US laser and satellite-based defence plan. It was not implemented

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Exam Technique for the Cold War UnitQuestion specifics Writing frame for your Answers Tips for an effective answerQ1) Explain two consequences of…

8 marks10 mins

One consequence of …. was…….. (PEE).A second consequence of ….was… (PEE).

Often it works to discuss two of the following:*The impact of the event on US or Soviet leaders*The impact of the event on US-Soviet relations*The impact of the event on the location

Q2) Write a narrative account analysing…

8 marks12 mins

In… / During… This caused…..In response… /In

reaction…. This led to… / This resulted in…/ As a

consequence…

Consider stages in the event & links: Background (origin & trigger) Two steps in developments (action &

reaction) Outcomes (Short & long term or on location,

leaders and US-Soviet relations)

Q3) Explain the importance of two of the following:…..for…..…..for…...…..for……

8 marks x224 mins

… was important for… because it…. This was important because…Furthermore…

… was important for… because it…. This was important because…Furthermore…

Focus on explaining how & why the event was important for the context. Contexts could be: on US-Soviet relations on the development of the Cold War on Soviet controlDid relations get better/worse as a result? How did it shift relations? Why was this significant? Did it mark a significant new phase? Did control increased or decreased, and why?

Examples QuestionsRed through these, and consider how you would answer them. You are welcome to try writing responses to some of them. However, everyone MUST complete the Assessment on the NEXT PAGE.

Key Topic 1:Explain two consequences of Soviet expansion, 1945-47.Explain two consequences of the Hungarian UprisingWrite a narrative account analysing the key events of the wartime conferences, 1943-45.Write a narrative account analysing the key events of the US containment policy, 1947-49.Write a narrative account analysing the key events of the Berlin Crisis, 1948-49.Explain the importance of arms race for Cold War relations. Explain the importance of the Marshall Plan in the development of the Cold War. Key Topic 2:Explain two consequences of the Berlin Ultimatums. Explain two consequences of the Prague Spring Write a narrative account analysing the key events in East-West rivalry over Berlin, 1958-61.Write a narrative account analysing the key events in Cuba in the years 1959-1962.Explain the importance of Kennedy’s speech in 1963 for the future of Germany.Explain the importance of the Cuban Revolution for East-West relations.

Key Topic 3Explain two consequences of Reagan’s election as US PresidentExplain two consequences of Gorbachev’s ‘new thinking’.

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Write a narrative account analysing the main events of détente in the years 1970-1979.Write a narrative account analysing the main events of the Second Cold War 1985-1988 Write a narrative account analysing the main events in the end of the Cold War 1988-1991.Explain the importance of SALT I for the development of the Cold War. Explain the importance of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan of 1979 for Cold War relations USA.Explain the importance of the Gorbachev’s position as Soviet Leader, for Soviet control of Eastern Europe.

Cold War Assessment To be completed and submitted to teacher for marking and feedback. If possible please complete in a WORD document. Deadline Wednesday 20/5/20 Teacher’s emails: ncollins@thomastallis.org.uk, cevans@thomastallis.org.uk. ltaylor1@thomastallis.org.uk, ahier@thomastallis.org.uk.

1 Explain two consequences of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979).Consequence 1:

Consequence 2:

2 Write a narrative account analysing the key events of the Prague Spring (Czechoslovakia-1968).

You may use the following in your answer: • Alexander Dubček • Soviet control You must also use information of your own.

3 Explain two of the following:

• The importance of the Helsinki Agreements (1975) for superpower relations

The importance of the ‘Second Cold War’ for relations between the Superpowers.

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Explain the importance of the Gorbachev’s position as Soviet Leader, for Soviet control of Eastern Europe

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