Intro to Physical Science NAME:________________________

Science• Comes from the Latin word that means “_______________ _____________________”.• Science – a way of learning about the natural world that is based on ____________________and logic.

How Science Advances• New evidence is usually used to ______________ earlier ideas rather than entirely ________________ them.

– Different conclusions can be drawn from the same observations, and its not possible to tell which one is correct.

– Example: Sun and Earth’s _______________.

Theories and Laws• Scientific theory – a broad explanation that is __________ _______________ because it is supported by a

great deal of _______________________- – Example: Kinetic theory of matter

• Scientific law – a statement describing what ________________ happens under certain conditions in nature. – It answers “_______________” questions not “why” questions. – Example: ___________________Law of Gravity– http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/scientific-inquiry/scientific-

theory-and-evid.htm

Physical Science – the study of ________________and __________________. • Matter is all the “stuff” that exists in the universe.

– Examples: tables, ______, ___________ • Energy is what gives matter the ability to ___________ and ________________

– Examples: electricity, ______________, light

• Physical Science can be divided into two areas: – Chemistry – focuses on matter and energy at the scale of _____________and molecules. – Physics – focuses on matter and energy at ______ _______________, from atoms to outer space.

Chemistry – the study of the _________________, properties, and interactions of matter. – Important concepts:

• Physical changes– Water _________________

• Chemical _________________-– Fireworks exploding

Physics – the study of _______________- and how it interacts with matter. – Important concepts:

• ___________________• Forces

– magnetism• Forms of energy

Scientific Method an organized set of ___________________ __________________

1. State the _______________2. Form a ________________________3. _______________the Hypothesis4. Analyze ___________5. Draw _____________________6. Communicate _________________

Scientists may follow the steps in different sequences, or they may skip or repeat steps. 1.) State the Problem• _____________________ – any information that is gathered with the senses.• Questions often arise because of an observation. • The question of “why” or “how” is the problem• Example: Does temperature affect the strength of a magnet

2.) Forming a Hypothesis• _____________________

– _______________ _____________ using what you know and what you observe– Must be something that can be _________________-– Usually “if-then” statements– Example: A magnet is stronger at lower temperatures.

3.) Testing a Hypothesis• conduct an _______________________

– organized procedure for testing a hypothesis; tests the effect of one thing on another under controlled conditions

• make observations • build a __________________ to help

– represents an idea, event, or object to help people better understand it ___________________________

o factor that can cause a change in the results of an experimento 2 types o independent variable/manipulated variable

factor that, as it changes, _________________the measure of another variable The factor that is changed by the researcher

o dependent variable/responding variable factor that changes as a result of changes in the other variables

changes _____________________

– a factor that does not change when other variables change• _______________________

– the standard by which the test results can be compared

4.) Analyzing the Data• ____________ ________________________• organizing the data into easy-to-read tables and graphs

5.) Drawing Conclusions• ask the question: Is your hypothesis __________________by the analysis of your data?• for the hypothesis to be considered valid, the experiment must result in the exact same data

_____________ ____________ it is repeated

6) Communicating results• Researchers should always communicate their results. • Allows other scientists to give _________________and repeat the investigation. • ______________________ – getting the same results when an experiment is repeated• Write articles for peer-reviewed science journals. • Presentations at scientific meetings.• Creating websites• Writing articles for newspapers and magazines

MEASUREMENTS

Measurement Systems:• the _____________________system of measurement – ___________________ ________________• The measurement system used by most scientists and most other nations is the _________________

______________ – system of measurement based on multiples of ten

International System of Units• all ___________(system international) standards are universally accepted and understood by

scientists throughout the world• each type of SI measurement has a base unit and corresponding symbol

Measuring Distance• _________________ is the distance between two points

• Base Unit – ____________________(m)• Tool – metric ruler and meter sticks

• the size of the unit you measure with will depend on the size of the object being measured• Example

• What unit would you use to measure the classroom width?• Meter

• What unit would you use to measure the length of your pencil?• Centimeter

Measuring Volume (Liquids)• Base Unit –_____________________ (L)• Tool – graduated ___________________________

– read at eye level at the meniscus• the curvature of a liquid in a container

http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCESoft/web/cplsample/Modules/gradcyl/grad10mL.htmhttp://morrisonlabs.com/meniscus.htm

Measuring Volume (Solids)

• volume – the amount of __________________ occupied by an object

• Regular Solid – length x width x height– Base Unit – cm3 – Tool – ruler

• 1 mL = 1 cm3

• Irregular Solid – __________________ ______________________ method – using a graduated cylinder with water to

determine the volume of a irregular solid– Base unit – liter (L)– Tool – graduated cylinder or overflow can and catch pail

Measuring Matter• ____________________

– is a measurement of the quantity of matter in an object.– Base Unit – ____________________(g)– Tool – balance– https://youtu.be/C9howXG7LUY

Measuring Temperature• temperature

– a measure of the speed of particle movement– greater speed = higher temperature– Basic metric unit - ° _______________________ (°C)– Basic SI unit – ____________________(K)– Tool – Thermometer (liquid in glass)

Metric Conversions

• Since metric is based on the number __________metric conversions are very simple. • Simply _____________________________________________________________ to convert from one unit to another.

Density• Density

– mass to volume __________________ of a substance• density is the same for the same material _______________________ of sample size• can be used to __________________a material

Scientific Notation

A method of representing ___________ ______________ or very _______________numbers in the form:

M x 10n

M is a number between 1 and 10 n is an integer