wednesday april 4, 2012
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Wednesday April 4, 2012. (Discussion & Worksheet – The Structure of the Atmosphere; Earth-Sun Relationships). The Launch Pad Wednesday, 4/4/12. NOTE: Put this on your green worksheet to answer Question #1. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
WednesdayApril 4, 2012(Discussion &
Worksheet – The Structure of the
Atmosphere; Earth-Sun Relationships)
The Launch PadWednesday, 4/4/12
Which of the following components of our atmosphere would you consider to be
disadvantageous, and why?nitrogenoxygenargon
carbon dioxidewater vapor
smogsmokedust
too much causes the greenhouse effect
air quality pollutantair quality pollutantair quality pollutant
NOTE: Put this on your green worksheet to answer Question #1
Assignment Currently Open
Summative or Formative Date Issued Date Due
Date Into Grade Speed
Last Day
Quiz 24 S5 3/23 3/23
WS - The Coastal Zone and Waves F 3/27 3/30
Quiz 25 S6 3/30 3/30
WS – Weather, Climate, and the
AtmosphereF 4/2 4/5
AnnouncementsI will be available after school today
until 5:00.
Latest News
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120330110535.htm
Extreme Weather Threatens Rich Ecosystems
Click below for article:
WorksheetThe Structure of the
Atmosphere; Earth-Sun Relationships
The Structure of the Atmosphere The atmospheric pressure at any
point is the weight of the air above that point.
The average sea level pressure is slightly more than 1,000
millibars, or about 14.7 pounds per square inch.
Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude.
One-half of the Earth’s atmosphere is below 3.5 miles in
altitude.Ninety percent of our
atmosphere is below 10 miles.
Figure 16.6
Atmospheric Pressure Variation
with Altitude
The Structure of the Atmosphere Earth’s atmosphere can be layered
based upon temperature.
The troposphere is the bottom layer.
As you ascend into the atmosphere, temperature decreases with altitude,
which is referred to as the environmental lapse rate.
6.5˚C per kilometer, or 3.5˚F per 1,000 feet is the average lapse rate
for temperature.
Our atmosphere’s thickness varies, but is on average height about 12 km.
The outer boundary of the atmosphere is called the tropopause.
The Structure of the Atmosphere Earth’s atmosphere can be layered
based upon temperature.
The stratosphere extends from an altitude of about 12 km up to about 50
km.
Temperature increases at the top of the stratosphere.
The stratosphere’s outer boundary is named the stratopause.
The mesosphere begins at an altitude of about 50 km and climbs up to about
80 km.
Here the temperature decreases again.
The outer boundary of the mesosphere is named the mesopause.
The Structure of the Atmosphere Earth’s atmosphere can be layered
based upon temperature.
Above the mesosphere is the thermosphere, which has no well-
defined upper limit.
Just a tiny fraction of our atmosphere’s mass is in this region, with gases moving at high speeds.
Thermal Structure of
the Atmosphere
Figure 16.8
Earth - Sun Relations Remember from our study of
astronomy that the Earth has two major motions:
Earth rotates (spins) on its axis once every 24 hours.
Earth also revolves (orbits) around the Sun once every 365.25 days.What causes our seasons is the changing Sun angle through the Earths yearly revolution cycle. In addition, there is a change in
the length of daylight hours throughout the year.
Relationship of Sun Angle to the Path of Solar Radiation
Figure 16.12
Relationship of Sun Angle and Solar Radiation Received
Figure 16.11
Earth - Sun Relationships
Figure 16.13
Daily Paths of the Sun at 40º N Latitude
Figure 16.10 A
Figure 16.10BDaily Paths of the Sun at 40º N Latitude
Daily Paths of the Sun at 40º N Latitude
Earth - Sun Relations Thus, the seasons are caused by Earth’s changing orientation to
the Sun throughout the year, and the fact that Earth’s axis is inclined 23½º, and the axis is always pointed in the same direction.
Here are some special days in the Northern Hemisphere:
At the Summer solstice (June 21–22), the Sun’s vertical rays are located at the Tropic of Cancer (23½º N latitude.)
At the Winter solstice (December 21–22), the Sun’s vertical rays are located at the Tropic of Capricorn (23½º S latitude.)
At the Autumnal equinox (September 22–23), the Sun’s vertical rays are located at the Equator (0º latitude.)
At the Spring (Vernal) equinox (March 21–22), the Sun’s vertical rays are located at the Equator (0º latitude.)
Characteristics of the Solstices and Equinoxes
Figure 16.14
Multiple exposures of the midnight Sun in late June or July in high northern latitudes.
Average monthly temperatures for
six cities located at different latitudes.
Note that Capetown, South
Africa, experiences winter in June,
July, and August.