Cerritos College A&P 150 Fall 2020Lecture Exam 4 Study Guide – November 30DIRECTIONS: Use the PowerPoints and the textbook (use this last if necessary) to answer these study guide questions.

THE URINARY SYSTEM Part 11. Be able to describe the 9 functions of the Urinary System.2. What are the 4 major structures of the Urinary System?

a. How are they physically related to each other?b. What is/are the general function(s) of each structure?c. Which structures are part of the urinary tract?

3. What is function of the urethra?4. Describe the general structure of the urethra.5. What are the differences between the male urethra and the female urethra?6. What types of epithelial tissue can be found in each type of urethra? Is the epithelial tissue the same throughout the urethra?

Explain.7. What 2 muscles control the flow of urine through the urethra?

a. Where is each one located?b. How is each one controlled?

8. What is the function of the urinary bladder?9. Where is the urinary bladder located in males? in females?10. How much urine can an average urinary bladder hold?11. Describe the layers of the wall of the bladder.12. Why does the bladder have rugae?13. What is the trigone?

a. Where is it located? b. What is its purpose?c. How is it different from the rest of the bladder wall?

14. Animation: The Micturition Reflexa. What is another word (beings with the letter “u”) for “micturition?b. What happens to the sensory neuron embedded in the wall of the bladder when the bladder fills up with urine?

i. What kind of sensory receptor is? What is the stimulus?ii. How does the filling of the bladder change the rate of action potentials sent to the spinal cord?iii. What part of the spinal cord receives the action potentials from the sensory neuron coming from the bladder

wall?iv. What happens as part of the true reflex in response to the increased rate of action potentials coming from

the sensory neuron form the bladder? What is the specific type of motor neuron that responds? What does this motor neuron do to the bladder? Which part of the bladder wall is the effector in this

case?v. Even though it isn’t really a reflex, what also occurs as a result of increasing action potential rate from the

sensory neuron? How does the brain become involved? What allows the message to get up to the brain? What are the two possible outcomes of this situation? [Hint: It depends on whether or not it is an

appropriate time to “micturate (urinate).”] What type of motor neuron is now involved? What is its effector (muscle or gland that it “talks to”)? Is this control voluntary or involuntary?

15. What is the function of the ureters?16. Describe the layers of the wall of the ureters.

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