List the body systems you know - 12

Integumentary

Skeletal

Muscular

Nervous

Special Senses

Circulatory

Lymphatic

Respiratory

Digestive

Urinary

Endocrine

Reproductive

Name planes of the body and draw a picture

Planes

Transverse – divides superior inferior

Midsagital – divides right and left

Frontal/Coronal – divides anterior and posterior

Anatomic Position - Facing Forward

Directional Terms

Medial – towards midline

Distal and lateral – away from midline

Proximal – close to the point of reference

List the body cavities and organs contained

Ventral-

Thoracic

Abdominal

Pelvic

Dorsal

Cranial

Spinal

Integumentary System

Activity:

Color/ Shade

hair, sweat and oil glands, nails, and skin

Function:

Protection - barrier for germs, holds moisture

Sensory perception- nerves

Body Temperature Regulation – through bld vessels

Storage – fat, sugar, water, vitamins

Absorption – medication

Excretion – perspiration – salt

Production – Vitamin D picked up from sun matures in liver

Diseases

Acne – inflammation of the sebaceous glands

Athletes foot –

fungus infection, itches, blisters, sores crack

Cancer – basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma

Layers of skin

Epidermis – outermost layer

Dermis – corium – true skin contains blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands, hair follicles

Subcutaneous – hypodermis – innermost layer connects skin to underlying muscles

Vocab

Epidermis

epi – above derm- skin is- ending noun

Dermis

Subcutaneous

Sub – below cutane – skin

Fun Facts about the Integumentary System Your nails grow .5mm per week. You will shed 40lbs of skin in a lifetime Your eyelids have the thinnest skin The average amount of head hair is 120,000 Skin is the body's largest organ 15% of total body weight

Skeletal SystemShade and label 10 bones

Functions:Framework – support muscles, fat, and skinProtection – for organsLevers – tendons – muscles attach to bonesProduction - of blood cells – hemopoiesis Storage – calcium supply

Disease

Bursitis – saclike fluid surrounding joints

Osteoporosis – soft bones

Ruptured disk – intervertebral disk slides out places pressure on spinal nerve.

Key InformationScoliosis – side to side or lateral curvature of spine Lumbar – Vertebrae located at the waist Comminuted Fracture – bone fragments or splinters Compound fracture – bone break that pierces skin Joints – areas where two + bones join together True ribs – first seven pairsDiaphysis – shaft of long bones

Fun Facts about the Skeletal System: The adult human body has 206 of them. There are 26 bones in the human foot.

The human hand, including the wrist, contains 54 bones.

The femur, or thighbone, is the longest and strongest bone of the human skeleton.

The stapes, in the middle ear, is the smallest and lightest bone of the human skeleton.

Muscular SystemChoose 10 muscles from page 83 to label include: Tibialis Anterior Rectus Femoris Gluteus Maximus Pectoralis Major Trapezius Rectus Abdominis

Functions:- Attach to bone to provide voluntary movement- Produce heat and energy for the body- Help maintain posture- Protect internal organs

Disease/Conditions Fibromyalgia Chronic, widespread pain in specific muscles sites.

Muscular dystrophy group of inherited diseases that lead to chronic, progressive muscle atrophy.

Atrophy – weakness or wearing away

Types of Muscle

Cardiac – Involuntary – heart contracts circulates blood

Visceral/Smooth – Involuntary – internal organs

Skeletal – Voluntary – cause body movement

Key Information

Extension – Increasing the angle between two bones, or straightening a body part.

Fascia- tough, sheetlike membrane

Circumduction – moving joint in a circular motion

Muscular System Fun Facts:

Humans are born with all the muscle fibers they will ever have.

It takes 17 muscles to smile and 43 to frown.

Masseter muscle is the strongest in the body

There are three types of muscle, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

There are around 650 skeletal muscles in the human body

Quiz W November 8

Acne

Athletes Foot

Eczema

Arthritis

Fractures

Osteoporosis

Muscular dystrophy

Atrophy

Skin layers

Ruptured disc

Nervous System

Activity: List and show the five senses

Sight touch hearing taste smell

Activity: List and shade the parts of the Nervous System ( two colors)

- Central – brain and spinal cord - Peripheral – Somatic and Autonomic

sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch

Function:

Coordinates all the activities of the body

Parts of Brain

Frontal – Emotions

Parietal – Sensory (motor, pain, heat, touch)

Temporal – Hearing Smell

Occipital – Vision

Cerebellum – Muscle Tone, Equilibrium

Brainstem – Eye reflexes, breathing chewing taste

Disease:

Cerebral Palsy – No cure – disturbance in voluntary muscle action caused by brain damage. Lack of oxygen to brain.

Epilepsy – abnormal electric impulses in the neurons of brain.

Parkinson’s – chronic, progressive condition involving degeneration of brain cells.

Steve Gleason – ALS evening of hope

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HlZ2FZdQjMg

Fun Facts: Nervous System/Special Senses

In humans, the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body, while the left side of the brain controls the right side.

A newborn baby’s brain grows almost 3 times during the course of the first year.

Your sense of smell is closely linked to your memory

Eighty percent of what we experience as taste is actually smell

Your eyes are capable of processing 36,000 pieces of information per hour:

Circulatory System

Consist of heart, blood vessels and blood.

Activity – Color Heart

Draw a box with four squares.

Label:

Function

Transports oxygen and nutrients to the body cells, and carbon dioxide and metabolic material away from the body cells.

Disease

Anemia – inadequate number of red blood cells, hemoglobin or both.

Aneurysm – ballooning out of artery wall

Embolus – foreign substance circulating in the bloodstream.

Examples: air, blood clot, fat globule.

Myocardial infarction – heart attack – blockage of the coronary arteries cuts off the supply of blood to the heart.

Important Facts

Right Atrium – chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood as it returns from the body.

Veins – blood vessels that contain valves to prevent blood from flowing backwards

The bright red color of blood indicates hemoglobin carrying oxygen.

Aorta – largest artery in the body

Varicose Veins – Dilated, swollen veins that have lost elasticity and cause stasis or decreased blood flow.

Arteries – Blood vessels that are more muscular and elastic that are the other blood vessels

Fun Facts Circulatory System

1. 60,000 miles long2. Beats approximately 115,000 per day 3. Rt side pumps to lungs Lt side to body

4. 20 seconds for bld cell to circle body5. Transports oxygen, waste, and nutrients

Lymphatic System

Activity: Draw and label the components of the Lymphatic System

Function: Fights infection

Function of:

Spleen – produces leukocytes and antibodies destroys old erythrocytes filters waste

Tonsils – Filters interstitial fluid –

Thymus – atrophies after puberty, produces antibodies and lymphocytes

Lymph – composed of water, digested nutrients, salts, hormones, oxygen, carbon dioxide, lymphocytes and metabolic waste.

Disease

Adenitis – inflammation of the lymph nodes.

Hodgkin’s – chronic, malignant. Painless swelling Tx: chemotherapy and radiation.

Tonsillitis: Inflammation of tonsils

Important Facts

Leukocytes – blood cells that fight infection

Erythrocytes – blood cells that contain hemoglobin

Fun Facts:

1. Tonsils are a cluster of lymph cells2. It’s a Fighter – creating white bld cells3. Thymus is the most important part4. Like a sewer- draining waste from cells5. 500-700 nodes throughout body

Respiratory System

Label the parts of the Respiratory System

Nose Alveoli

Pharynx Lungs

Larynx Trachea

Bronchi

Function: Responsible for taking in oxygen

Disease:

Asthma – respiratory disorder – caused by allergen, such as pollen, animals , or food. Wheezing

.

Emphysema – occurs when the walls of the alveoli deteriorate and elasticity. Poor exchange of gases. Cause: Heavy Smoking

Influenza – Flu – highly contagious – viral – antibiotics not effective.

Key Facts:

Asthma

Cilia – tiny hair like structures that filter inhaled air to trap dust and pathogens

Laynx – correct name for the voice box

Alveoli – structures that allow for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood.

Emphysema

Pleura – membrane/sac that encloses each lung

In order to carry air to both lungs, the trachea branches into two tubes called bronchi

We lose half a liter of water a day through breathing. This is the water vapor we see when we breathe onto glass.

A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15 times a minute.

The breathing rate is faster in children and women than in men.

Over time, breathing through the mouth can actually lead to shrinkage of your jaw, which can then result in crooked teeth.

The common cold is caused by 200 different viruses, and those viruses can survive on a surface for up to three days.

Paper and something to write with

Digestive System - Gastrointestinal System

Alimentary Canal includes:

Label the parts of the Alimentary Canal

- Mouth- Pharynx- Esophagus- Stomach- Small Intestine- Large Intestine- Rectum- Anus

Function: Digest food physically and chemically, transports food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste.

Accessory Organs

- Gallbladder o small muscular saco stores bileoAttached to liver

- Liver – o largest gland in the body o secretes bileoDetoxifies harmful substances

- Pancreas o contains enzymes to digest food o Located behind the stomach

Disease

Appendicitis – results from an obstruction and infection. Tx – appendectomy

Hernia – rupture – internal organ pushes through a weakened area or natural opening in a body wall.

Cirrhosis – chronic destruction of liver cells

Important Facts

- Bile -emulsify fats, necessary for absorption - Largest gland in body _____- Order of the parts of the Alimentary Canal

Fun Facts

1. The average human being has over 400 different species of bacteria in their

colon

2. The stomach of an adult holds up to 1.5 liters of food and food stays here for 2 to

3 hours

3. The whole digestive tract is over 29 feet long, starting at the mouth and ending at

the anus4. 1.7 liters of saliva is produced each day.5. In the mouth, food is either cooled or warmed to a more suitable temperature.

Urinary System – Excretory System

Label the parts of the Urinary System

Kidneys – 2

Ureters – 2

Bladder

Urethra

Function: removing waste, excess water, and maintaining acid base balance.

Kidneys – two bean shaped organs located on either side of the vertebral column. Filters blood.

Ureters – two muscular tubes 10-12 inches long. Lead from the kidneys to the bladder

Bladder - hollow muscular sac. Urge to urinate when full – 1 cup. Can hold much more.

Urethra – tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Diseases

Renal Calculus – Kidney stone – salts in urine

Lodges in ureter. Tx – fluids, pain medication, straining all urine, lithotripsy.

Renal failure – Tx dialysis cure: transplant

Uremia – toxic condition, urine in bld stream

Important Facts:

Polyuria – Excessive Urine

Nephrons – microscopic filtering units located in the kidneys.

Fun Facts:

- The average person pees about 3000 times a year.

- Kidney stones are most common among white males over the age of 30.

- All of the blood in a person's body cycles through the kidneys approximately 400 times daily

- In the Middle Ages, it was not uncommon for alchemists to try to extract element out of urine. The most common element that alchemists try to get from a person’s urine was gold.

- Darker colored urine indicates that there is not enough fluid in the human body.

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Endocrine System

Label the parts of the Endocrine System

Pineal Gland

Hypothalamus Gland

Pituitary Gland

Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

Thymus

Adrenal Glands

Pancreas

Ovaries

Testicles

Function:

Function: Ductless glands (without tubes) secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate body processes including temperature, growth and development, metabolism.

Diseases:

Goiter – enlargement of thyroid gland

Giantism - excessive long bone growth- over secretion of Somatotropin before puberty

Diabetes – decreased secretion of insulin

Important Facts:

Related Health Careers:

Dietician

Endocrinologist

Nuclear Medicine Technologist

Pituitary Gland – master gland – produces many hormones that affect other glands

Facts:The study of endocrinology can be traced back to China over 2,000 years 

Osteoporosis connected to the endocrine system

But the term "hormone" wasn't coined until the early 1900s.

Reproductive SystemActivity Label patient male or female based on organs shown.

Function – to produce life

STDs – affect both males and females

PID – Pelvic Inflammatory Disease – inflammation of the cervix

Ovarian Cancer – most common causes of cancer deaths in women. Tx – removal of reproductive organs. Malignant – Harmful or dangerous; likely to spread and cause destruction and death

Benign – Not cancerous

Important Information Know the function Benign Malignant *Full details in spring – Big Decisions

FactsIn a fetus, fingerprints are acquired at the age of 3 months (first trimester).

A pregnant woman's dental health influences the health of fetus.